In oil refining, alkylation of hydrocarbons requires one of these compounds as a catalyst.
One of these compounds reacts with a carboxylic acid in the first step of the Schmidt reaction. In oil refining, alkylation of hydrocarbons requires one of these compounds as a catalyst. The Bronsted catalysis law applies to them. Effectively, active methylene groups act as these compounds. Like sulfonates, they turn hydroxyls into good leaving groups, and they also activate carbonyls for nucleophilic substitution. In their presence, nucleophiles open epoxides at the more substituted carbon. Hydration of alkenes catalyzed by these compounds proceeds with carbocation rearrangements. These compounds have low-lying LUMOs. Magnesium cation is a hard one, and boron trifluoride is a Lewis one. For 10 points, name these electron pair acceptors which have pH less than 7.
One of these compounds reacts with a carboxylic acid in the first step of the Schmidt reaction.
acids [or Lewis acids; or Bronsted-Lowry acids; or Arrhenius acids; prompt on electrophiles]