FTP name this class of organic compounds defined by a carbon both double-bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl.
Their derivatives most often interconvert through nucleophilic acyl substitution, and the Kolbe-Schmitt and von Richter reactions generate them as products. Among the numerous methods to synthesize them are the oxidative cleavage of alkenes by potassium permanganate and the reaction of excess Jones' reagent with primary alcohols.  These compounds generally possess pKa's ranging from 3 to 5, and the butyric example is found in rancid butter, while the formic one provides the sting in ant bites.  FTP name this class of organic compounds defined by a carbon both double-bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl.
Their derivatives most often interconvert through nucleophilic acyl substitution, and the Kolbe-Schmitt and von Richter reactions generate them as products.
carboxylic acids [prompt on just 'acid']