The Hall-Williamson method, based on the Scherrer equation and the Stokes-Wilson approximation, can be used to separate peak broadening caused by strain and by size.
One program for analyzing data from this technique is DBW, which implements the Rietveld method of using least-squares to match a theoretical line profile to the experimental profile. When theoretical spectra are missing, programs such as TOPAS, GSAS, and Fox can be used for de novo structure determination. The Hall-Williamson method, based on the Scherrer equation and the Stokes-Wilson approximation, can be used to separate peak broadening caused by strain and by size. During analysis, intensity is plotted as a function of "2 theta" or of "q", and a correction for "texture" may be applied if plates or rods align along the axis of the sample holder. For 10 points, name this non-destructive analytic technique also used to study expansion tensors, lattice parameters, phase transitions, and crystallinity, which, for ten points, involves measuring the intensity of neutrons or X-rays as a function of scattering angle.
One program for analyzing data from this technique is DBW, which implements the Rietveld method of using least-squares to match a theoretical line profile to the experimental profile.
powder diffraction [accept X-ray powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, etc.; prompt on X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction, etc.]