For 10 points, identify this husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima, the fourth Caliph in Sunni tradition and the first Imam according to Shi'a Islam.
This man briefly outlived a general whose epithet referenced a facial scar incurred fighting Heraclius at Yarmouk, while his early career saw him defeat Walid in single combat at Badr. This author of The Peak of Eloquence won a tactical victory at a battle in which his opponent ordered his men to request a peaceful arbitration; the ensuing dissent in this man's ranks led several thousand of his troops to abandon him, giving rise to the Kharijites. This ruler used a promise of tax equality to unite a coalition he guided through the first fitna, or civil war, which saw action at Siffin and the Battle of the Camel. His son lost to Yazid I at Karbala after this father of Hussein was murdered at Kufa and his followers were subjugated by Muawiya's Ummayyad Caliphate. For 10 points, identify this husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima, the fourth Caliph in Sunni tradition and the first Imam according to Shi'a Islam.
This man briefly outlived a general whose epithet referenced a facial scar incurred fighting Heraclius at Yarmouk, while his early career saw him defeat Walid in single combat at Badr.
Ali ibn Abi Talib