For 10 points, name this non-destructive analytic technique also used to study expansion tensors, lattice parameters, phase transitions, and crystallinity, which, for ten points, involves measuring the intensity of neutrons or X-rays as a function of scattering angle.
One program for analyzing data from this technique is DBW, which implements the Rietveld method of using least-squares to match a theoretical line profile to the experimental profile. When theoretical spectra are missing, programs such as TOPAS, GSAS, and Fox can be used for de novo structure determination. The Hall-Williamson method, based on the Scherrer equation and the Stokes-Wilson approximation, can be used to separate peak broadening caused by strain and by size. During analysis, intensity is plotted as a function of "2 theta" or of "q", and a correction for "texture" may be applied if plates or rods align along the axis of the sample holder. For 10 points, name this non-destructive analytic technique also used to study expansion tensors, lattice parameters, phase transitions, and crystallinity, which, for ten points, involves measuring the intensity of neutrons or X-rays as a function of scattering angle.
One program for analyzing data from this technique is DBW, which implements the Rietveld method of using least-squares to match a theoretical line profile to the experimental profile.
powder diffraction [accept X-ray powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, etc.; prompt on X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction, etc.]