Kant had a "Transcendental" version that analyzed the antinomies, though it was through the work of Fichte and Schelling that this word gained its present meaning.  
Aristotle claims that it was invented by Zeno of Elea since his paradoxes rested on premises that adversaries conceded and deduced contradictory consequences from them.  Plato uses it in Republic as a method that establishes non-hypothetical conclusions, while Aristotle differentiated this from scientific arguments.  Kant had a "Transcendental" version that analyzed the antinomies, though it was through the work of Fichte and Schelling that this word gained its present meaning.  FTP, identify this notion of the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis popularized by G. W. F. Hegel.
Aristotle claims that it was invented by Zeno of Elea since his paradoxes rested on premises that adversaries conceded and deduced contradictory consequences from them.  
dialectic