Building on the experimental work of Fraunhofer, this man showed that hot solids produce continuous spectra, while hot gases produce discrete emission spectra.
With Piola, this man names a stress tensor that, unlike the Cauchy stress tensor, defines stress relative to a reference state, rather than to the present state. Building on the experimental work of Fraunhofer, this man showed that hot solids produce continuous spectra, while hot gases produce discrete emission spectra. That work was done partly with Bunsen. This man's second law applies to closed meshes.  His first law is a statement of the conservation of charge.  For 10 points, name this German physicist who developed two rules for analyzing circuits, his eponymous node and loop rules.
With Piola, this man names a stress tensor that, unlike the Cauchy stress tensor, defines stress relative to a reference state, rather than to the present state.
Gustav Kirchhoff