In the calculation of a bond dipole moment, the charge separation acts as a scaling factor for differences in this quantity.
R. T. Sanderson calculated this quantity as a ratio of densities. In the calculation of a bond dipole moment, the charge separation acts as a scaling factor for differences in this quantity. It was defined in terms of effective nuclear charge by Allred and Rochow, and as the average of first ionization energy and electron affinity by Robert Mulliken. Increasing across a period and decreasing down a group, its differences result in partial charges and polar covalent bonds. First quantified by Linus Pauling, its value is highest for fluorine. For 10 points, name this measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons.
R. T. Sanderson calculated this quantity as a ratio of densities.
electronegativity 