Those atoms are treated as 3D ones of these in the Einstein model.
Because the ground state energy of these systems is the minimum allowed by the uncertainty principle, atoms in a solid lattice cannot have zero energy even at absolute zero. Those atoms are treated as 3D ones of these in the Einstein model. The energy eigenvalues of these systems can be obtained with Dirac's "ladder operator" method. These systems can also be used to model diatomic molecules, and RLC circuits are one of these. The Q factor describes how omega naught compares to gamma in these systems, which can be critically damped. For 10 points, name these systems that experience a restoring force when displaced from equilibrium, also known as Hooke's Law, examples of which include springs and pendulums.
Because the ground state energy of these systems is the minimum allowed by the uncertainty principle, atoms in a solid lattice cannot have zero energy even at absolute zero.
{Harmonic Oscillator} [or {Quantum Harmonic Oscillator} or {Simple Harmonic Oscillator}]