For 10 points, name this enlightened despot who ruled as Empress of Russia in the late 1700s.
A revolt during this ruler's reign was recalled in the novel The Captain's Daughter by the commander who put that rebellion down. This ruler's adviser trusted adviser was Nikita Panin. This founder of the Pale of Settlement was also the lover of the president of the (*) Free Economic Society. This ruler hosted thinkers like Diderot, Voltaire, and Montesquieu. She succeeded her husband Peter III as ruler, and took lovers like Orlov and Potemkin. For 10 points, name this enlightened despot who ruled as Empress of Russia in the late 1700s.
A revolt during this ruler's reign was recalled in the novel The Captain's Daughter by the commander who put that rebellion down.
{Catherine} the Great [or {Catherine II} of Russia; prompt on {Catherine}]