In all states which tested for this, "grandfather clauses" exempted most whites from the test.
In medieval Europe, proving that one possessed this quality was all that was needed to escape the jurisdiction of civil courts. South Carolina prohibited any slave from receiving this quality in the wake of the Stono Rebellion. In Louisiana, one proved this trait by answering SAT-style math problems; in Alabama, it had to be demonstrated by a four-page examination about the Constitution. In all states which tested for this, "grandfather clauses" exempted most whites from the test. The "benefit of clergy" was demonstrated by, for 10 points, what skill, which was tested for by discriminatory voting laws in the Jim Crow South and consists of the ability to read and write?
In medieval Europe, proving that one possessed this quality was all that was needed to escape the jurisdiction of civil courts.
literacy