Some organisms use the O-acetyltransferase OatA[read: "oat-A"]  to modify this molecule, making it resistant to hydrolysis.
This is the only known biological molecule that contains D-amino acids. Some organisms use the O-acetyltransferase OatA[read: "oat-A"]  to modify this molecule, making it resistant to hydrolysis. Other organisms have PGRP proteins that recognize this molecule and upregulate an immune response. The monomer of this molecule consists of two joined sugars, NAG and NAM. Chains of these monomers are cross-linked by transpeptidase to form a three dimentional structure, a reaction that is inhibited by beta lactams such as penicillin. This molecule functions to protect the cell from osmotic lysis, which can occur when this molecule is hydrolyzed by lysosime. For 10 points, name this molecule that, along with teichoic and teichuronic acids, makes up the bacterial cell wall.
This is the only known biological molecule that contains D-amino acids.
{Peptidoglycan}