A nonlinear increase in this property is sometimes due to the Gibbs-Donnan effect, and Alexander et al defined it as the negative partial derivative of the free energy with respect to volume with a fixed number of macroions.
Along with the reflection coefficient, this is the only variable to appear in both of the Kedem-Katchalsky equations. For a polymer gel, it is roughly equal to the temperature over the cube of the mesh size. A nonlinear increase in this property is sometimes due to the Gibbs-Donnan effect, and Alexander et al defined it as the negative partial derivative of the free energy with respect to volume with a fixed number of macroions. Alfred Gilman related this property to the voluntary intake of water in humans, showing that it does not increase until its value for a solution of urea is greater than that of a solution of salt. It is directly proportional to the ideal gas constant, temperature, and concentration by the Morse equation, and Einstein related it to the molecular theory of heat. For 10 points, name this colligative property, a gradient in which causes water to flow across a semipermeable membrane, which is dependent on the van't Hoff factor.
Along with the reflection coefficient, this is the only variable to appear in both of the Kedem-Katchalsky equations.
osmotic pressure