FTP, identify this family of signalling proteins which induce the development of cartilage and another namesake connective tissue.
The presence of types 2 and 4 of this family of proteins, in combination with Wnt inhibition, induces expression of NKX-2.5 to determine cardiac mesoderm.  Except for type 1, which is a metalloprotease, these proteins are a type of TGF-beta-related protein.  When activated, their receptors phosphorylate Smads 1, 5, and 8.  Prior to neurulation, signalling from type 4 of these proteins stimulates development of the anterior visceral endoderm.  The neural plate develops when one type of these proteins is inhibited by factors secreted from the primitive node, including folistatin and chordin.  In infants, fontanelle closure is delayed when one of these proteins is inhibited by noggin.  FTP, identify this family of signalling proteins which induce the development of cartilage and another namesake connective tissue.
The presence of types 2 and 4 of this family of proteins, in combination with Wnt inhibition, induces expression of NKX-2.5 to determine cardiac mesoderm.  
{bone morphogenic} proteins (accept {BMPs}; {also} accept {osteogenic proteins} or {OPs})