The statement, "there does not exist an injective function on finite sets, whose codomain is smaller than its domain," is a formalization of, for 10 points, this French mathematician's articulation of the pigeonhole principle.
One can show via the martingale convergence theorem that the proportions of different colored balls will approach a distribution named after this man for Polya's Urn. A certain kind of decomposition of a metric space, also known as a Voroni diagram is sometimes known as his tessellation. A proof that "a plus n times d" where a and d are coprimes contain an infinite number of primes is contained along with many of his other contributions to number theory in Dedekind's Lectures on Number Theory, and that result is his arithmetic progression theorem. The statement, "there does not exist an injective function on finite sets, whose codomain is smaller than its domain," is a formalization of, for 10 points, this French mathematician's articulation of the pigeonhole principle.
One can show via the martingale convergence theorem that the proportions of different colored balls will approach a distribution named after this man for Polya's Urn.
Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune {Dirichlet}