One author described it as a "consecutive narrative" beginning with canoe-building and continuing through the complicated rituals involving the kitoum.
A book giving some "new perspectives" on it was published in 1983 by Jerry and Edmund Leach, and a variant of this system was discussed by Reo Fortune. One author described it as a "consecutive narrative" beginning with canoe-building and continuing through the complicated rituals involving the kitoum. Because those who perform it do not use the term "gimwali" to describe it, Marcel Mauss insisted that it is not an example of commodity exchange. Occurring in several islands in the Massim archipelago of Papua New Guinea, shell necklaces and armbands are the usual mediums of exchange. Described in Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific, FTP, identify this gift exchange system or ring.
A book giving some "new perspectives" on it was published in 1983 by Jerry and Edmund Leach, and a variant of this system was discussed by Reo Fortune.
kulu exchange or ring