This thinker's most famous concept was the result of influence by the first academic psychologist to write about Freud, E. B. Holt.
This thinker's most famous concept was the result of influence by the first academic psychologist to write about Freud, E. B. Holt. He postulated five independent variables in developing an equation for behavior; he also proposed a set of unobserved factors, such as hunger, which connect the stimulus situation with the observed behavior, and named these unobserved factors the intervening variables.  He rejected Thorndike's law of effect, suggesting that repeating a task strengthens a learned relationship between environmental cues and an organism's expectations.  He called that association a "sign Gestalt," but he is more famous for arguing that behavior was not future-directed in a teleological sense, but in terms of meaning.  FTP, name this self-proclaimed "purposive" behaviorist whose studies of rats in mazes led him to conclude that organisms develop patterns of "sign Gestalts" known as "cognitive maps."
This thinker's most famous concept was the result of influence by the first academic psychologist to write about Freud, E. B. Holt.
Edward Chace Tolman