It considers the change in the titular quantity since the time of Julius Caesar, and argues that the Poor Laws defeat their own purpose.  
Chapters 8 and 9 reject Condorcet's theories of organic perfectability and oscillation between good and evil.  According to the Preface, the work owes its origin to a discussion of an essay by William Godwin concerning "Avarice and Profusion."  It considers the change in the titular quantity since the time of Julius Caesar, and argues that the Poor Laws defeat their own purpose.  FTP, name this work published anonymously by an English curate in 1798, which argued that natural resources would always be outstripped by the number of human beings, a work by Thomas Malthus.
Chapters 8 and 9 reject Condorcet's theories of organic perfectability and oscillation between good and evil.  
Essay on Population