First observed as the broadening of the D-lines in the solar spectrum, for ten points, identify this effect in which spectral lines are split by the application of a magnetic field.
Application of this effect to cycles of sunspots allowed George Hale to determine the law of sunspot polarities. In its general form, the electron charge times the vector potential over the speed of light must be subtracted from the momentum. Spherical symmetry is destroyed in its strong variety, known as the Paschen-Back limit. It breaks the degeneracy of the Coulomb potential, and the weak limit yields energy spacings proportional to the magnetic quantum number. First observed as the broadening of the D-lines in the solar spectrum, for ten points, identify this effect in which spectral lines are split by the application of a magnetic field.
Application of this effect to cycles of sunspots allowed George Hale to determine the law of sunspot polarities.
Zeeman Effect