His moral theory posits that all virtuous actions are based on fortitude, or strength of mind, which is further divided into animositas, or rational self-preservation, and generositas, or the rational helping of others.  
His moral theory posits that all virtuous actions are based on fortitude, or strength of mind, which is further divided into animositas, or rational self-preservation, and generositas, or the rational helping of others.  He developed a geometrical method based upon the presentation of Euclid's Elements which he used in the only work he published non-anonymously in his lifetime, Principles of Descartes' Philosophy.  His metaphysics revolves around the idea of "God, or Nature" holding that God is the only substance and gaining him the label of Pantheist.  FTP, name this Dutch rationalist, excommunicated from the Jewish community, who wrote The Ethics.
His moral theory posits that all virtuous actions are based on fortitude, or strength of mind, which is further divided into animositas, or rational self-preservation, and generositas, or the rational helping of others.  
Baruch (or Benedict) Spinoza