Its flux through a closed surface is proportional to the amount of enclosed charge by Gauss's law.
The splitting of spectral lines by one of these is known as the Stark effect. This quantity may be crossed with its duality transform to give the Poynting vector. The cross of susceptibility and this quantity times the permittivity of free space is the (*) polarization. Its flux through a closed surface is proportional to the amount of enclosed charge by Gauss's law. For 10 points, give this quantity, the gradient of the electric potential, equal to charge over radius squared.
The splitting of spectral lines by one of these is known as the Stark effect.
electric field