For 10 points, identify these simulations which show the evolution of a multitude of particles under gravity, used to show patterns of structure formation.
EM] One method of simulating these systems is P-cubed-M, which is a generalization of a method that constructs a potential across a grid and solves the Poisson equation. In addition to these particle mesh methods, another method developed by Rokhlin and Greengard involves expanding Greens functions and measuring forces between source and sink cells, called the Fast Multipole Method; that method is an expansion of a technique that uses an octree to divide space into cubic cells, known as the Barnes-Hut method. A hybrid method called GADGET was used by the Millennium Run, which managed to simulate a cube of space 2 trillion light years on each side. Used to simulate the formation of galaxies and star clusters from dark matter, the underlying problem of these simulations were proven to be solvable by Qiudong Wang, almost 100 years after a prize ? to solve it was given by King Oscar II. For 10 points, identify these simulations which show the evolution of a multitude of particles under gravity, used to show patterns of structure formation.
EM] One method of simulating these systems is P-cubed-M, which is a generalization of a method that constructs a potential across a grid and solves the Poisson equation.
{N}-{body problems} or simulations