He also called Freemasonry the "synagogue of Satan" and attacked the Kulturkampf in an index of condemned statements, the Syllabus of Errors.
In one tract, this man made a repeated distinction between true and false civilization, warning that merely moving forward is not progress. A contemporary thinker described the later treatise Joy and Hope as the "counter" to this man's most noted writing. He responded to the withdrawal of the French military from his lands and condemned the supremacy of state law and natural liberty in Quanta Cura. He also called Freemasonry the "synagogue of Satan" and attacked the Kulturkampf in an index of condemned statements, the Syllabus of Errors. This man became the "prisoner of the Vatican" when he refused to accept Italian unification. For 10 points, name this man who defined the dogma of immaculate conception and convened Vatican I, the longest-reigning Pope.
In one tract, this man made a repeated distinction between true and false civilization, warning that merely moving forward is not progress.
Pope Pius IX [or Pio Nono; prompt on Pius]