Eigenstate transition rate due to perturbation can be calculated using his "Golden Rule," while the energy of the highest occupied quantum state of a system is known as his namesake energy.  
The Drake equation is considered an example of the "problems" named for this man, which use a series of calculations to extrapolate answers with minimal data.  Eigenstate transition rate due to perturbation can be calculated using his "Golden Rule," while the energy of the highest occupied quantum state of a system is known as his namesake energy.  Half integer spins particles, which obey statistics named for this man and Dirac, are named for this man and include half-integer spin particles like leptons and quarks.  For 10 points, identify this Italian-born physicist, also the name of a famous lab in Illinois.
The Drake equation is considered an example of the "problems" named for this man, which use a series of calculations to extrapolate answers with minimal data.  
Enrico Fermi