His Abuse of Reason project criticized social scientists' misuse of natural science principles, a practice he called "scientism."  
With Albert Hunold, this man co-founded the Mount Pelerin Society, which was dedicated to the preservation of free societies.  His Abuse of Reason project criticized social scientists' misuse of natural science principles, a practice he called "scientism."  He wrote a critical review of Keyenes's A Treatise on Money, and Keynes returned the favor for this man's Prices and Production.  His trade cycle theory was popular during the Great Depression, but he is most famous for a work in which he argues that socialist ideals lead to tyrrany, and that Nazi Germany and the USSR were on the titular journey.  FTP, name this Austrian who shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal, the author of The Road to Serfdom.
With Albert Hunold, this man co-founded the Mount Pelerin Society, which was dedicated to the preservation of free societies.  
Friedrich August von Hayek