For ten points, name this Romanov, succeeded by Catherine the Great, who worked to modernize Russia during his rule from 1696 to 1725.
He set up a Holy Synod to lead the church and recruited foreigners for the army, enabling increased professionalism in it.  He faced down the Old Believers and a rebellion led by Stenka Razin.  His establishment of chattel slavery enabled the industrialization of the country as it provided laborers for the new factories, which he started after a grand tour of Europe.  For ten points, name this Romanov, succeeded by Catherine the Great, who worked to modernize Russia during his rule from 1696 to 1725.
He set up a Holy Synod to lead the church and recruited foreigners for the army, enabling increased professionalism in it.  
{Peter} I (the Great) (accept either the regnal number or the appellation, prompt on {Peter} alone)