For 10 points, name this author of Principia Mathematica, who discovered calculus independently of Leibniz and formulated three laws of motion.
One of this thinker's late works was a hilariously awful attempt to prove that Solomon was the first kingand that his temple was the first temple ever built. In a letter to Richard Bentley, this man discussed the possibility of "action at a distance." In addition to writing The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, this man was attacked in a letter addressed to the Royal Society by Robert Boyle for supposing that light is a body propagating from a source. He came to the conclusion that God would not exist if physical space did not exist, because it is an emanative effect of the first being, in his (*) De Graviatone. George Berkeley (bark LEE) attacked this man's  method of fluxions in The Analyst. For 10 points, name this author of Principia Mathematica, who discovered calculus independently of Leibniz and formulated three laws of motion.
One of this thinker's late works was a hilariously awful attempt to prove that Solomon was the first kingand that his temple was the first temple ever built.
Isaac {Newton}