When attached to the name of a castle in the territory of the Holy Roman Empire, this word means that the castle was a temporary seat of power for the Emperor and as such, ruled by a count with this title and local rights approaching those of the sovereign.  
One use of this word, found in the royal charter for Maryland given to Cecilius Calvert, refers to the governor's right to wage war and establish his own nobility. When attached to the name of a castle in the territory of the Holy Roman Empire, this word means that the castle was a temporary seat of power for the Emperor and as such, ruled by a count with this title and local rights approaching those of the sovereign.  Conrad Hohenstaufen, Frederick Barbarossa's younger brother, was the first to hold this hereditary title in the territory that eventually became the German state so named today, which was the chief lay electorate under the Golden Bull of 1356.  Prince Rupert of the Rhine was a later holder of that title, over whose succession a war was fought at the end of the seventeenth century. For ten points, what is this word, which names the Roman hill where the emperor's palace was located?
One use of this word, found in the royal charter for Maryland given to Cecilius Calvert, refers to the governor's right to wage war and establish his own nobility.
{Palatine} (German: {Pfalz})