For 10 points, identify these objects, which may be referred to as the "fifth state of matter," named after an Indian and a German scientist.
Dark solitons may be generated in one-dimensional versions of these entities, in which quantum vortices may be created if they are stirred with a laser. These entities can be observed through Feschbach resonance and examples of these entities include the Tonks-Giardeau gas. One method of analyzing these entities can be referred to as the non-linear Schrodinger equation and is known as the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The first "pure" one of these entities was created by Cornell and Wiemann. For 10 points, identify these objects, which may be referred to as the "fifth state of matter," named after an Indian and a German scientist.
Dark solitons may be generated in one-dimensional versions of these entities, in which quantum vortices may be created if they are stirred with a laser.
{Bose}-{Einstein} condensate [or {BEC}]