Dividing this quantity by negative temperature squared relates it to the partial derivative of Gibbs free energy, and taking its derivative with respect to particle number gives chemical potential.
The Falicov-Kimball model gives upper and lower bounds for this quantity, while the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality generates an upper bound to it in liquid alkali metals. Its electrical component can be calculated from Debye's charging law, while it can be derived from the Clausius inequality under isochoric conditions. Dividing this quantity by negative temperature squared relates it to the partial derivative of Gibbs free energy, and taking its derivative with respect to particle number gives chemical potential. For 10 points, name this quantity that describes the amount of useful work available from a closed system at constant temperature, calculated as U minus TS.
The Falicov-Kimball model gives upper and lower bounds for this quantity, while the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality generates an upper bound to it in liquid alkali metals.
Helmholtz free energy