For 10 points, name this gland, an enlarged version of which is associated with Graves' disease, and is known as a goiter.
This anatomical structure is involved in the Jod-Basedow and Wolff-Chaikoff effects. The gene Pax8 is required for the formation of its follicular cells, and antibodies are produced against its namesake peroxidase enzyme in an autoimmune disease named for Hashimoto. The iodination of tyrosine is involved in creating its namesake hormones, deficiencies of which in newborns can lead to cretinism. Found on the ventral surface of the trachea, this bi-lobed structure produces calcitonin. For 10 points, name this gland, an enlarged version of which is associated with Graves' disease, and is known as a goiter.
This anatomical structure is involved in the Jod-Basedow and Wolff-Chaikoff effects.
thyroid gland