The high-yield but risky ones are sometimes called the "junk" type.
The HJM framework can be used to model risk in a certain type of these entities. Examples of perpetual
 types of these entities include consols. One form of them used in Latin America reduces concentration risk
 and is named for Nicholas Brady. The full market value of these entities is represented in their "dirty
 price." Because of their contractual obligation, they're sometimes called fixed-income securities. Types of
 these with a "call" feature can be redeemed early and are prone to interest rate risk. "Full faith and credit"
 is offered in risk-free forms of these. Holders of these items do not have equity in the institutions that issue
 them. The high-yield but risky ones are sometimes called the "junk" type. For 10 points, name this type of
 loan often issued by the government.
The HJM framework can be used to model risk in a certain type of these entities.
{bonds} [accept {fixed}-{income securities} before mention; prompt on {loans} before it is read]