The calculus by this name includes Weiner processes; processes of this kind are mappings from a probability space to a state space and are exemplified by Markov chains.
An approximation of this kind is due to Robbins and Murno and optimizations of this kind include the Nelder-Mead method and simulated annealing. Resonances by this name occur due to interactions of perterbative signals with noise, while matrices of this kind are square, non-singular, and have entries between 0 and 1 inclusive. The calculus by this name includes Weiner processes; processes of this kind are mappings from a probability space to a state space and are exemplified by Markov chains. FTP, name this type of mathematical entity, opposite to deterministic and synonymous with random.
An approximation of this kind is due to Robbins and Murno and optimizations of this kind include the Nelder-Mead method and simulated annealing.
stochastic [prompt on random or Markov]