Cracking and packing are two methods of unfairly carrying out this practice, which was notably ruled upon in Reynolds v. Sims.
A 1957 attempt to do this in Alabama, Act 140, was found to violate the 15th Amendment in Gomillon v. Lightfoot. In the 5-4 Miller v. Johnson decision, the same five justices upheld their previous ruling regarding this practice and Justice O'Connor called a result of this practice "bizarre" in that North Carolina case, Shaw v. Reno. Cracking and packing are two methods of unfairly carrying out this practice, which was notably ruled upon in Reynolds v. Sims. In that case as well as Baker v. Carr, the court delineated the "one man, one vote" doctrine regarding it. FTP, identify this practice carried out after a census, the unfair application of which is often dubbed Gerrymandering.
A 1957 attempt to do this in Alabama, Act 140, was found to violate the 15th Amendment in Gomillon v. Lightfoot.
congressional district reapportionment [or congressional redistricting; accept Gerrymandering before it's mentioned]