In optics, he gives his name to the principle of least time.
The theorem that every positive integer is the sum of at most n n-gonal numbers is called this man's "polygonal number theorem". The set of numbers named for him contains integers of the form 2, to the 2, to the nth power, plus one. Another of his theorems states that given any prime p and integer a, a to the pth power is equal to a mod p. In optics, he gives his name to the principle of least time. His best-known theorem, proven in 1993 using elliptic curves and the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture by Andrew Wiles, states that there are no solutions for a certain Diophantine equation with exponents greater than 2. For 10 points, name this French mathematician known for his "last theorem".
The theorem that every positive integer is the sum of at most n n-gonal numbers is called this man's "polygonal number theorem".
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