Formed from fumarate in the Krebs Cycle, for 10 points, name this compound which is exchanged with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate reducing equivalents in its namesake mitochondrial shuttle with aspartate.
Cendrin et. al showed that when an enzyme named for this compound contained an R102Q mutation, it acquired lactate dehydrogenase activity, and that enzyme named for this compound contains highly conserved R102 and R171 residues that aid in substrate orientation. It is not isocitrate, but a different enzyme named for this compound catalyzes a condensation reaction between acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. This compound is decarboxylated to pyruvate to provide a source of (*) carbon dioxide in C4 photosynthesis, and the product of PEP carboxylase is reduced to form this compound, which is then stored in the vacuole, in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. That product is oxaloacetate. Formed from fumarate in the Krebs Cycle, for 10 points, name this compound which is exchanged with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate reducing equivalents in its namesake mitochondrial shuttle with aspartate.
Cendrin et. al showed that when an enzyme named for this compound contained an R102Q mutation, it acquired lactate dehydrogenase activity, and that enzyme named for this compound contains highly conserved R102 and R171 residues that aid in substrate orientation.
malate [accept malate dehydrogenase, accept malic acid, do not accept "maleic acid" or "malonic acid"]