This quantity is modeled for different groups substituted on a benzene ring via the Hammett (HAM-met) equation.
This quantity is modeled for different groups substituted on a benzene ring via the Hammett (HAM-met) equation. One measure for this quantity takes the average energy of a free atom's valence electrons and is named for Allen. A simple measure for this quantity is equal to the mean of first ionization energy and electron affinity, named for Mulliken (MULL-ih-ken), though it is more often measured on the Pauling scale, which gives fluorine a value of 3.98. For 10 points, give this quantity that represents the degree to which an atom or group attracts electron density.
This quantity is modeled for different groups substituted on a benzene ring via the Hammett (HAM-met) equation.
electronegativity