Ramsey fringes appear in these substances when one applies a series of pulses from the excitation field.
Sapiro, Zhang, and Raithel used a one-dimensional optical lattice to demonstrate the transition of this substance from a superfluid to a Mott-insulator. Ramsey fringes appear in these substances when one applies a series of pulses from the excitation field. When confined to one dimension, the equivalent of this substance is called a Tonks-Girardeau gas, while Ketterle was able to create it in dilute gases. Modelled by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, this substance is typically created by cooling rubidium atoms, after which they collapse into the same quantum state as discovered by Cornell and Weimann. FTP, name this state of matter in which bosons are brought near absolute zero, named after two scientists.
Sapiro, Zhang, and Raithel used a one-dimensional optical lattice to demonstrate the transition of this substance from a superfluid to a Mott-insulator.
Bose-Einstein Condensate