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Conocer las bases moleculares de la resistencia a la insulina requiere un esfuerzo multidisciplinario para entender la interacción entre factores genéticos o epigenéticos, tisulares y endocrinos, con respecto a la alimentación y la actividad física y otros factores ambientales que han de resultar en resistencia a la insulina, en síndrome metabólico y riesgo de enfermedad.