A first specialised hospital was founded by a philanthropic association in 1876, under the name of Jesus Child Hospital del Niño Jesús in Madrid, as part of the never-fulfilled project that aspired to build one such hospital in every province of the kingdom.
En 1876, se fundó el primer centro especializado, Hospital del Niño Jesús, en Madrid, promovido por una asociación caritativa que pretendió, sin conseguirlo, la instalación de uno en cada capital de provincia.