These migrants crossed borders secretly as stowaways in ships, trucks, buses or small vessels named "pateras". They had hardly any contact with human trafficking and smuggling networks because their migrations were mostly autonomous or spontaneous migrations that did not require excessive planning.
Estos migrantes cruzaban las fronteras clandestinamente como polizontes en barcos, camiones, autobuses o pateras, con un escaso contacto con las redes de tráfico y trata, por tratarse de migraciones mayoritariamente autónomas o espontáneas que no precisaban de excesiva planificación.