Starting at the end of the 1990s, other models for international movement of minors begin to be detected; these models were characterized by clandestine border crossings without the company of a guardian or adult who could represent the minor. Such migrations are known as migrations of foreign unaccompanied minors from here onward, MENA, its initials in Spanish.
A partir de finales de los años noventa del siglo XX comienzan a detectarse otros modelos de movilidad internacional de menores, caracterizados por cruzar las fronteras clandestinamente y sin el acompañamiento de un tutor o adulto que les represente; son las denominadas migraciones de menores extranjeros no acompañados en adelante MENA.