Based on this criterion, the following tools could be said to provide a robust measure of patient empowerment: DES-28, PAM, PES2, GCOS-24, Patient Empowerment in long-term conditions, and the Diabetes empowerment questionnaire.
Teniendo en cuenta este criterio puede considerarse que seis son los instrumentos que presentan mayor robustez, DES-28, PAM, PES2, GCOS-24, Patient empowerment in long-term conditions y Diabetes empowerment questionnaire