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Caulonia (Kaulonia) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 km southwest of Catanzaro and about 70 km northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,542 and an area of 100.7 km².

The municipality of Caulonia contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Crochi (Krokoi), S.Nicola (Aghios Nikolaos), Focà (Phocea), Campoli, Agromastelli (Agromastelloi), Ursini, and Cufò (Koufò).

Caulonia borders the following municipalities: Nardodipace, Pazzano, Placanica, Roccella Ionica, Stignano.


Caulonia was founded between the 7th and 8th Centuries B.C.E., with some historians dating the founding sometime around 722 B.C.E. It was first settled by Greek Achaean colonists as part of the Magna Graecia. For a time ruled by nearby Crotone, Caulonia became an independent city-state, minting its own coins. According to Thucydides, during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.), Caulonians supplied Athens with timber for ships. The store of timber at Caulonia was attacked and burned by forces from Syracuse. Beginning in 389 B.C.E., Caulonia was conquered and ruled by various groups. In 200 B.C.E., the town was completely destroyed by Romans when it sided with Hannibal during the Punic Wars. The Romans then gave the town the Latin name Castlevetere.

Caulonia was known as Castlevetere for nearly 2,000 years, until 1862, when the town regained the name Caulonia, following Italy's unification.

For five days in March 1945, with the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini overthrown, the town of Caulonia became the "Republic of Caulonia," led by an elementary school teacher named Pasquale Cavallaro.

Demographic evolution

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 bar:1871 text:1871
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 bar:1951 text:1951
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 bar:1971 text:1971
 bar:1981 text:1981
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 bar:1921 from: 0 till:13838
 bar:1931 from: 0 till:12607
 bar:1936 from: 0 till:12004
 bar:1951 from: 0 till:13004
 bar:1961 from: 0 till:10998
 bar:1971 from: 0 till:10080
 bar:1981 from: 0 till:8281
 bar:1991 from: 0 till:8259
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 bar:1861 at:7797 fontsize:XS text: 7797 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1871 at:10224 fontsize:XS text: 10224 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1881 at:8486 fontsize:XS text: 8486 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1901 at:9152 fontsize:XS text: 9152 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1911 at:10756 fontsize:XS text: 10756 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1921 at:13838 fontsize:XS text: 13838 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1931 at:12607 fontsize:XS text: 12607 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1936 at:12004 fontsize:XS text: 12004 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1951 at:13004 fontsize:XS text: 13004 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1961 at:10998 fontsize:XS text: 10998 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1971 at:10080 fontsize:XS text: 10080 shift:(-8,5)
 bar:1981 at:8281 fontsize:XS text: 8281 shift:(-8,5)
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 bar:2001 at:7756 fontsize:XS text: 7756 shift:(-8,5)


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