domingo, 20 de janeiro de 2013

Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro
—  State  —
Estado do Rio de Janeiro
State of Rio de Janeiro


Coat of arms
Motto: Recte Rem Publicam Gerere (Latin)
"Conduct the affairs of the public with righteousness"
Anthem: November 15th
Location of State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
Coordinates: 22°54′S 43°12′WCoordinates22°54′S 43°12′W
Country Brazil
Capital and Largest CityRio de Janeiro
 • GovernorSérgio Cabral Filho
 • Vice GovernorLuís Fernando de Sousa
 • Total43,696.1 km2(16,871.2 sq mi)
Area rank24th
Population (2011 census)
 • Total16,030,110
 • Rank3rd
 • Density370/km2 (950/sq mi)
 • Density rank2nd
 • Year2008 estimate
 • TotalR$ 343,182,000,000 (2nd)
 • Per capitaR$ 21,621 (3rd)
 • Year2005
 • Category0.832 – high (5th)
Time zoneBRT (UTC-3)
 • Summer (DST)BRST (UTC-2)
Postal Code20000-000 to 28990-000
ISO 3166 codeBR-RJ
Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu][1]) is one of the 27 states ofBrazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being São Paulo state.
The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast (assigned by IBGE). Rio de Janeiro share borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion: Minas Gerais (N and NW), Espírito Santo(NE) and São Paulo (SW). It is bounded on the east and south by the Atlantic Ocean. Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km². Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815, capital of theUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822, and capital of independent Brazil from 1822 to 1960.
Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil. It is, however, the third most populous Brazilian state — with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 (making it the largest population density state in Brazil) —, and the third longest coastline in the country (second only to those of the states of Bahia and Maranhão).

The state is part of the
 Mata Atlântica biome and is made up of two distinctmorphological areas: a coastal plain, known as baixada, and a plateau, which are disposed in parallel fashion from the shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean inland towards Minas Gerais.


The coastline extends 635 kilometers and is formed by the bays of GuanabaraSepetiba, and Ilha Grande. There are prominent slopesnear the ocean, featuring also diverse environments, such as restinga vegetationbayslagoons and tropical forests.
Most of the state however consists of highlands, often higher than 1000 m, formed by several mountain chains like the Serra do Marwhich separates Rio from the state of São Paulo. The highest point of the state, the Pico das Agulhas Negras (Black Needles Pëak) is located in the Serra da Mantiqueira which forms the physical border with neighbouring Minas Gerais.

[edit]Vegetation and animal life

Tropical forests used to cover more than 90% of the territory of Rio; large portions were devastated for urbanization and for plantations (coffeesugar cane); preserved areas can be found in the steepest parts of the mountain chains.
The state's tropical coast and river areas are the only remaining habitat of the golden lion tamarin.[2]


The entire state is located within the tropical zone (the Tropic of Capricorn is located just a few degrees south of Rio) so tropic climate is predominant, with local variations due to altitude.


[edit]Hereditary captainships

Rio de Janeiro, the capital city of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

[edit]The neutral city

In 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was transformed into a neutral city, remaining as capital of the state, while the captainships became provinces, with headquarters in Niterói, a neighboring city. In 1889, the city became the capital of the Republic, the neutral city became the federal district and the province a state. With the relocation of the federal capital to Brasília in 1960, the city of Rio de Janeiro became Guanabara State.

[edit]The new state of Rio de Janeiro

Cathedral in Petrópolis, a city with a strong German influence.


The last PNAD (National Household Survey) census revealed the following numbers: 8,509,000 Whitepeople (54.25%), 5,302,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (33.81%), 1,809,000 Black people (11.53%), 25,000 Asian people (0.16%), 19,000 Amerindian people (0.12%).[3]
People of Portuguese ancestry predominate in most of the state. Other European ethnic groups, such as SwissFinnish and Germans settled mostly in the mountainous areas (Nova Friburgo,Petrópolis, etc.) and in the capital. Italians and Spaniards are also present in the capital as well as in the surrounding cities.[4][5]
People of African descent are numerous, particularly in the metropolitan area of the capital city. Those of mixed-race ancestry (tri-racials, mulatos, and some caboclos and cafuzos) make up the majority of the population in many cities. The city of Itaguaí was considered a Japanese colony in the 20th century, but many of the Asian Fluminenses that one day lived there moved overseas (most of them to Japan) as well to other Brazilian states like São Paulo.

[edit]Largest cities


The industrial sector is the largest component of GDP at 51.6%, followed by the service sector at 47.8%. Agriculture represents 0.6% ofGDP (2004). Rio de Janeiro (state) exports: petroleum 44.8%, fuel 17.5%, siderurgy 13%, chemicals 3.6%, not ferrous metals 2.8%,vehicles 2.1% (2002).
Participation in the Brazilian economy: 15.6% (2004).[7]


The Palácio Universitário, a 19th century Neoclassical building that serves as campus of the UFRJ. The Institutes for Economy,Education and Administration, among others, are based here.

[edit]Colleges and universities

[edit]Public institutions

[edit]Private colleges



Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, famous for its production.

[edit]New Year's Eve



[edit]International airport



The main Federal highways that cross the state are:


Sports are a very popular pastime in Rio de Janeiro. The most popular is futebol (soccer). Rio de Janeiro is home to four traditional Brazilian soccer clubs: FlamengoVascoFluminense and BotafogoRio de Janeiro will be hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The city has built a new stadium near the Maracanã, to hold 45,000 people. It was named after Brazilian ex-FIFA president João Havelange.

[edit]State flag

In the foreground of the state flag, an eagle, symbol of Brazil's royal family, appears. In the background, the rock formation Dedo de Deus ("The Finger of God"), which is visible from the city of Rio de Janeiro in a clear day. The outer part of the coat of arms represents the state's agricultural richness, sugarcane (left) and coffee (right).


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