A person’s conception and expression of their individuality or association with a group. In this curriculum, identity refers to a person's sense of belonging to a group, culture or to a state or nation, a region or the world. It is a feeling one shares with a group of people, regardless of one's citizenship status.

An introduction of machinery to produce large quantities of goods using fuel-based technology. Industrialisation involves a division of labour and a development of factories and cities.

An area of a business operation. Businesses operate in the primary, secondary and tertiary industry sectors. The primary industry produces goods through the use and extraction of natural resources (for example, agriculture and mining). The secondary industry is concerned with converting primary industry materials into finished goods (for example, manufacturing, textiles and food). The tertiary industry provides services (for example, information, tourism and telecommunications).

A joint dependence between participants in an economy; that is, the reliance of consumers, workers, businesses and governments on each other. In modern economies, people tend to specialise in the production of a good or service, and trade that item for another that they could not provide or produce for themselves.

Movement of people from living in one defined area to living in another within a country, for example, movement from cities to non-metropolitan coastal locations, or between states and territories.

In history, an explanation of the past, for example, about a specific person, event or development. There may be more than one interpretation of a particular aspect of the past because historians may have used different sources, asked different questions and held different points of view about the topic.

A transfer of water from one river basin to another, for example, the transfer of water from the Snowy River to the Murray and Murrumbidgee rivers in the Snowy Mountains Scheme.