1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V
1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V
1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V
1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V
1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V

1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V

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1911 HMV Gramophone Monarch Model V


Dimension : L: 14.5 W: 10 H: 15.5 Inches

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However, his progress was slowed considerably by the numerous lawsuits filed against him by competing inventors.

In 1894 or 95, a German immigrant to the U.S. named Emile Berliner introduced a commercial version of the record player he had been developing since about 1887. The player used a disc instead of a cylinder (although Edison, Tainter, Cros, and others had anticipated the use of the disc). The record was made on a zinc disc coated with wax. Once a recording was carved into the wax, the disc was dipped in an acid solution, which ate away the disc under the groove and etched the recording into the surface of the zinc. Then, using an electroplating process, the zinc disc was turned into a stamper that could be used to produce the final recordings in large numbers by pressing the stamper into a ball of "Vulcanite" (hard rubber). He called it the "gramophone."

Beside the advantages of mass production, gramophone records could produce a higher volume than the phonograph or graphophone records of the day. Thats because the volume of a record was directly related to how hard the tonearm was pressed into the groove--the harder you pressed, the more sound came out, but at some point the pressure damaged the recording. For a few years at least, before the phonograph was improved, the Berliner disc could produce a loud, room-filling sound. He set up a small recording studio in 1896 and by 1897 had developed an improved phonograph. The disc business was off and running.
The Victor Talking Machine Company, formed in 1901, commercialized the gramophone based on Berliners patents, while in the U.K., the Gramophone Company had been formed in 1897 to do much the same thing. Berliner, a native German, also formed the Deutsche Grammofon company with his brother in 1898.

By 1906, Victor Talking Machine Company was already a major force in the music industry when it introduced its first "Victrola," a disc player with the horn inside the cabinet instead of outside it. This and subsequent generations of Victrolas became top-sellers, and "Victrola" became a generic term for the record player in the U.S.

The success of the disc was such that in 1912, Edison at last began offering disc-type phonographs and records for sale in recognition of the large number of disks on the market. Cylinder machines and records, however, were still produced until the demise of Edisons Entertainment Phonograph division in 1929.