What Is The Pathophysiology Of Diabetes?

What is the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy?

The most common cause of vision loss in patients with DR is diabetic macular edema (DME).

DME is characterized by swelling or thickening of the macula due to sub- and intra-retinal accumulation of fluid in the macula triggered by the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) [1]..

Is type 2 diabetes curable?


How are you diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?


What diseases can cause hyperglycemia?

Many factors can contribute to hyperglycemia, including:Not using enough insulin or oral diabetes medication.Not injecting insulin properly or using expired insulin.Not following your diabetes eating plan.Being inactive.Having an illness or infection.Using certain medications, such as steroids.More items…•

What is the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia?


What are the fundus changes of a diabetic?

Retinal findings in background diabetic retinopathy, including blot hemorrhages (long arrow), microaneurysms (short arrow), and hard exudates (arrowhead). Increased permeability of these vessels results in leakage of fluid and proteinaceous material, which clinically appears as retinal thickening and exudates.

What is the basic underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes?

Pathology of type 2 diabetes In type 2 diabetes, the body either produces inadequate amounts of insulin to meet the demands of the body or insulin resistance has developed. Insulin resistance refers to when cells of the body such as the muscle, liver and fat cells fail to respond to insulin, even when levels are high.

What are the main differences in the pathophysiology of type I and type II diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. It occurs when the insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas are completely destroyed, so the body can’t produce any insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the islet cells are still working. However, the body is resistant to insulin.

What is the difference between diabetes and diabetes mellitus?

The term diabetes is derived from Latin (originally Greek) and means “to go through or siphon,” referring to a large amount of urine produced by the kidneys. The term mellitus, in Latin, means “sweet.” Diabetes mellitus causes high blood glucose levels and glucose eventually spills into the urine.

What does pathophysiology mean?

Pathophysiology (consisting of the Greek origin words “pathos” = suffering; “physis” = nature, origin; and “logos” = “the study of”) refers to the study of abnormal changes in body functions that are the causes, consequences, or concomitants of disease processes.

What is the main cause of diabetes?


What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes?


What is the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia results from a decrease in the body’s ability to utilize or store glucose after carbohydrates are ingested and from an increase in the production of glucose by the liver during the intervals between meals.

Can diabetes be cured?


Which diabetes is hereditary?

Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance rather than the lack of insulin, as seen in type 1 diabetes. This often is obtained as a hereditary tendency from one’s parents. Insulin levels in these patients are usually normal or higher than average but the body’s cells are rather sluggish to respond to it.

What are the risks of high blood sugar?


What are the four stages of diabetic retinopathy?

The four stages of diabetic retinopathyStage 1: Mild nonproliferative retinopathy — microaneurysms. … Stage 2: Moderate nonproliferative retinopathy — blocked blood vessels. … Stage 3: Severe nonproliferative retinopathy — more blocked blood vessels & a call for help. … Stage 4: Proliferative retinopathy — blood vessels grow on the retina.More items…•

What do people with retinopathy see?
