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Chiba, city, capital of Chiba ken (prefecture), in east-central Honshu, Japan. It lies on the Bōsō Peninsula on the east coast of Tokyo Bay, about 20 miles (30 km) southeast of central Tokyo, and is a major component of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area.

Chiba was a castle town controlled by the Chiba family in the 12th–15th century, and during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867) it served as a post-station town for several major roads. The town grew after the construction of a railway connecting it with Tokyo in the second half of the 19th century. Much of the city was destroyed by Allied aerial bombardment during World War II.

After the war, Chiba underwent great industrial growth that brought it large steel factories, a major electric power plant, and complexes producing various chemicals. The city’s port is one of the busiest in Japan. Chiba University (1949) is located in the city. The rebuilt castle is located in central Chiba. Pop. (2010) 961,749; (2015) 971,882.

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