What Are Some of the Dangers of Being a Phlebotomist?

by Sharon Perkins

Phlebotomists draw blood from people -- sometimes uncooperative people. Because blood can transmit dangerous viruses and bacteria, being a phlebotomist can be hazardous if you're not careful. Wearing gloves at all times when drawing blood or other bodily fluids and putting on protective eye wear if handling specimens that could splash into your eyes can help protect from possible contamination and transmission of infection.

Exposure to Bodily Fluids

Needle sticks are common injuries among phlebotomists and those who start intravenous infusions. Between 600,000 to 800,000 people stick themselves with needles each year; around half don't report their injury, the director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reported in 2000. Needle sticks expose phlebotomists to the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, as well as hepatitis B and C. In some facilities, phlebotomists also handle specimen samples other than blood, such as sputum, urine or stool. Any of these can also carry diseases that could infect you if you handle them carelessly. Fluids can splash into your eyes or enter through an open cut or wound on your hands if you don't wear gloves.

Allergic Reactions

Phlebotomists have frequent, repeated exposure to latex, a type of rubber material that can cause severe allergic reactions. Latex allergies are common among health care workers who frequently wear latex gloves and handle other latex products such as syringes. Vinyl gloves are available, but don't fit as well, which can make drawing blood more difficult. Symptoms of latex allergy can include respiratory problems such as wheezing and shortness of breath as well as skin rashes. In rare cases, latex allergy can cause anaphylaxis, shock, collapse and death.

Physical Injuries

Not everyone who needs blood drawn wants to have it done. In some cases, children as well as combative adults can throw punches or kick and injure the phlebotomist. If you think you're going to have difficulty drawing blood without a fight, get help in restraining the client before going in alone armed only with your syringe. You will need a physician's order to restrain an adult patient to draw blood, according to "Phlebotomy Technician Specialist: A Practical Guide to Phlebotomy." Not only could you sustain injuries from a client lashing out with feet or arms, but you're also much more likely to get stuck with a contaminated needle if your client isn't cooperating.

Back Strain

Most phlebotomists stand up while drawing blood. Standing for long periods of time can cause fatigue and back or neck strain, especially if you have to bend slightly to reach the client's arm. Take the time to adjust your workstation to your height and position clients to reduce strain on your back and neck.

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