The suburban, liberal Judaism that's common in the U.S. generally tries to take the hard edges off the ancestral religion. The more philosophically or emotionally challenging a particular Jewish observance might in reality be, the more likely it is to be downplayed or turned into a children's activity. So the holiday of Sukkot, the Jewish harvest-time festival that also commemorates the temporary shelters the Israelites dwelled in during 40 years in the desert, is typically reduced to one afternoon each year in which the Hebrew school kids get together to decorate a wood-framed booth with bananas, corncobs and zucchinis.

Little do most Jews know that this innocuous celebration of supermarket produce is, in the classical liturgy and literature, actually a rather edgy encounter with the apocalyptic strain in Judaism.

You didn't know there was one? When modern American Jews try to explain what makes them uneasy about Evangelical support for Israel, they often cite the Christian belief in the Apocalypse, when an evil superpower is expected to launch a world war, whose survivors then undergo religious conversions. But in broad outline, this happens to be just what Jews have traditionally believed about the End of Days.

The rabbis of the Talmud understood Sukkot as playing an educational role not unlike the one the Left Behind series of novels does for Christians today, depicting in graphic terms the sequence of events that must eventually unfold at the end of history, including details affirmed by both traditional Jews and conservative Christians.

As the Talmud explains in its clarification of the words of the biblical prophets, the apocalyptic sequence will begin with the appearance of the Messiah--or rather, two messiahs. One, a descendant of the biblical patriarch Joseph, will be killed in battle with the forces that oppose God. The second and far more important messiah, descending from King David, is then revealed. About this time, the nations of the world will begin to worship the God of Israel, seeking to join the community of Israel as Jews. (See Talmudic tractates Sukkah 52a and Avodah Zarah 24a). There follows the resurrection of the dead and a judgment of all mankind, when the righteous and the wicked will be assigned to their eternal fates.

A key element in this apocalyptic scenario is the rebuilding of the temple, the hope for which is a recurrent theme throughout Sukkot.

Let's consider the primary symbol of the festival, the sukkah or temporary hut. A series of festive meals are eaten there, each concluding with the usual thanksgiving for sustenance. However, a special blessing is added: "May the Compassionate One [God] raise for us the fallen Sukkah of [King] David" -- alluding to the expectation of a rebuilt Temple.

Twice daily during the festival week, Psalm 27 is recited, similarly referring to the Temple and the hope of its being raised again: "One thing I asked of the Lord, that shall I seek: That I dwell in the House of the Lord all the days of my life.. Indeed, He will hide me in His Sukkah on the day of evil."

The apocalyptic "day of evil" also forms the theme of the synagogue readings from the prophets, prescribed for the first day of the festival and for the Sabbath that falls in its middle. In the former we read Zechariah's terrifying description of the War of Gog and Magog (14:1-21): "Behold, God's awaited day is coming; and your spoils will be divided in your midst. I shall gather all the nations to Jerusalem to wage war" - where, however, they will defeated in what sounds (did you say "Left Behind"?) like nuclear annihilation: "their flesh will rot while they still stand erect, their eyes will rot in their sockets and their tongue will rot in their mouths."

But not to worry! As the prophet affirms, "All who will be left from among the nations that come upon Jerusalem . will ascend [there] every year to prostrate themselves before the King, the Lord, Master of Legions, and to celebrate the festival of Sukkot."

The Sabbath reading follows in a similar vein, drawn from the book of Ezekiel (38:18-39:16). Here the cryptically identified tyrant, Gog of Magog, advances to make war on Jerusalem but is turned back by God's forces. Then "the nations shall know that I am the Lord, the holy One of Israel."

The festival concludes with another esoteric liturgical reference to the Apocalypse. At the end of the week of Sukkot we take leave of the sukkah, having eaten in it for the last time this year, and ask God for a blessing: "as I have fulfilled [the commandment] and dwelled in this sukkah, so may I merit in the coming year to dwell in the Sukkah of the skin of Leviathan."

The allusion is to an image given in the Talmud's tractate Baba Batra (74b), offering in mystic allegory a description of the reward of the righteous at the climax of history. When the end-time cataclysm has been concluded, those whom God wishes to reward will dwell in a sukkah constructed from the skin of a monstrous sea creature, the Leviathan. Additionally, they will feast on the creature's flesh.

Meanwhile, as the Talmud elsewhere relates, all those people in the world who, before the cataclysm, refused to recognize the Lord will ask for a second chance. He will grant this, asking, in return for His mercy, only that they perform the commandment of dwelling in a sukkah. But they will find this too troublesome, and God will laugh as the true nature of their character is revealed (Avodah Zarah 3a).




more from beliefnet and our partners