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Education system should suit different types of learners

Education system should suit different types of learners | Metaglossia: The Translation World |

For some, the education system in the United States is less than ideal. One contributing factor is budget cuts targeted toward education. These policies are well-intended, but a country’s future is largely determined by its education and the professionals it is able to produce.
I believe that Western countries, because of labor and minimum wage laws, are losing the battle to keep companies within their borders, because other countries are successful at attracting labor-oriented companies because of their loose labor laws. These laws are often attractive to Western companies trying to maximize their profits, but this comes at the cost of worker exploitation and lower standards of living in those countries.
However, in the service sector, I believe countries like the United States are very successful because the work force is well-equipped for knowledgeable service sector jobs.
And this is the reason why my family came to the United States. The higher education system provides for better opportunities, but standardized testing and inadequate consideration for different types of learning come at a larger cost than we expected.

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Using ‘literally’ metaphorically is literally spreading like wildfire

Using ‘literally’ metaphorically is literally spreading like wildfire | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Using ‘literally’ metaphorically is literally spreading like wildfire
Mark Twain, F Scott Fitzgerald and James Joyce all did it. (HW Fowler disapproved.) Should ‘literally’ be used to mean its opposite?
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If James Joyce used 'literally' metaphorically, why can't a football writer say 'Liverpool literally came back from the dead'? Photograph: Fran Caffrey/AFP/Getty Images


Masked as hyperbole, the misuse of this term should probably not surprise language purists as much as it does. As the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) editor at large Jesse Sheidlower pointed out last year, “literally” has been used in a contradictory way for centuries by some of the most famous and well respected authors. Mark Twain described Tom Sawyer as “literally rolling in wealth”. F Scott Fitzgerald remarked that Jay Gatsby “literally glowed”. James Joyce wrote about a Mozart piece as “literally knocking everything else into a cocked hat”. As Sheidlower notes, authors’ use of “literally” to mean its opposite was actually quite popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, extending to other writers such as Jane Austen, Charles Dickens and Henry David Thoreau. This trend prompted a cautionary denunciation by lexicographer HW Fowler in 1926, who complained: “We have come to such a pass with this emphasiser that ... we do not hesitate to insert the very word that we ought to be at pains to repudiate.”

Over time, we’ve seen words take on opposite meanings for a range of reasons (they even have a name: auto-antonyms or contranyms). For instance, “symposium” used to mean a drinking party, “egregious” used to mean remarkably good and “harlot” used to mean a man of good cheer. Some words have even retained their contradictory meanings, like “sanction” (meaning both to permit and to punish) and “oversight” (meaning both supervision and not noticing something). Similarly, we know that younger generations often twist words’ meanings for colloquial purposes. Words like “sick” and “ill” are used positively to connote talent and coolness, quite distinct from their traditional meanings of poor health. Same with “wicked,” “gnarly,” “dope” and countless others. Whatever the cause for this language (d)evolution, “literally” is the next victim, and arguably the most significant.

Defenders of this misspeak are quick to point to the dictionary for vindication, and they’re right. In September 2011, the OED added the opposite meaning of “literally”, seemingly arming misusers with the credibility needed to shoot down any criticisms of their word crime. But such an inclusion should not be mistaken. Dictionaries are merely reflections of language, intended to capture words that reach a critical mass of usage by the population. The OED describes its purpose as the following: “The Oxford English Dictionary is not an arbiter of proper usage, despite its widespread reputation to the contrary … Its content should be viewed as an objective reflection of English language usage, not a subjective collection of usage ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’.”

Looking to dictionaries for vindication may backfire: they reflect usage rather than making subjective judgments. Photograph: Alamy
The OED’s caveat reveals two important facts: one, that a word defined one way in the dictionary does not necessarily constitute its proper use; and two, that words’ meanings evolve in a kind of human (versus natural) selection, ostensibly with no ultimate or fixed definition (as with “sanction” and “oversight”). The challenge with the latter, however, is that certain words do have unequivocally fixed associations – like numbers, colours and directions. For instance, if “five” became “four,” “black” became “white” and “up” became “down,” we could no longer describe the basic makeup of our hands, or how a kettle appears, or where to turn to look at a bird. We would lose the values bound to each word, thereby stripping them of the mutually accepted associations we need to communicate and risking linguistic anarchy.

So where does this revelation leave us with the definition of “literally”? For most, it won’t change anything. People will continue to be “literally soaked from head to toe” for generations, regardless of age, education level and of course whether or not they are indeed saturated with water from the upper-most part of their body to the bottom-most. But what results from forsaking the exact meaning of the word that means “exact meaning” remains to be seen. Civilisation could go on just fine despite the confusion, or we could find that “literally” was the (figurative) fulcrum holding up the institutional pillars of language, its misuse crumbling our most important social construct.

Adam Lewis is a writer based in New York City. He focuses on global efforts to eradicate poverty, disease and the general mistreatment of people and words. You can follow him on Twitter at @Lewisam10.
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Christmas Festival brochure set to be translated into Welsh after bilingual complaints

Christmas Festival brochure set to be translated into Welsh after bilingual complaints | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
THE PENARTH Town Council Christmas Festival brochure is set to be translated into Welsh after two complaints that the Summer Festival brochure wasn’t bilingual.

Councillors have agreed to spend £410 to translate the Christmas brochure into a digital format and print 50 copies of it.

The council will then study whether there is a demand for future brochures to be translated into Welsh in the future, and if so increase the number of brochures that are printed for both the summer and Christmas festivals.

The Welsh Language Act 1993, which the town council is subject to, states that organisations must prepare a Welsh language scheme that ensures both English and Welsh are treated equally in public services.

A report before the town council’s leisure and amenities committee meeting last Thursday, October 16, said: “There is nothing in the existing scheme that says the Town Council must publish bilingual versions of its publicity material but given that the office has received two complaints (one from an organisation called the Penarth Welsh Language Society), about the lack of bi-lingual festival brochures and there is a Welsh medium school in Penarth that provides for approximately 400 pupils the committee may wish to consider such requests can be accommodated.”

The report noted that both the summer and Christmas festival brochures were printed in association with the Penarth Times for a sum of £670, with 10,500 printed for distribution to local schools and local outlets, and 5,500 distributed through the weekly paper at a cost of 4p per copy.

The report stated that for 50 copies it would cost £250 and for 500 copies it would cost £750, with the translating costs of £160 increasing both to £410 and £910 respectively.

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During the committee meeting Councillor Michael Cuddy, who represents the St Augustine’s ward, questioned whether there was a demand for Welsh language brochures to be printed and said that the issue should be explored.

Deputy town clerk Keri Hutchings said they had only had two requests, but they had been “repeated”.

He added that he had been trying to keep the costs down, and the Penarth Times had agreed that for the same price as 50 copies they could have a digital version.

Councillor Janice Birch, who represents the Stanwell ward, said that the council should investigate into whether volunteers would be willing to translate it in a bid to save costs. Councillor Anthony Ernest, who represents the Plymouth ward, also asked if it was possible to just have a digital version instead of the cost of printing.

But both were told that the town council would be unable to design the Welsh translation of the brochure and all they would have would be the Welsh language text. They were also told that the council would only be saving £160 in translation costs.

Councillor Neil Thomas, who represents the Cornerswell ward, warned that if they were printed and there wasn’t a demand “we would be taking up an awful lot of trees” and would be going against the council’s green guidelines. He said the council should print off 50 and see what the take up was.

Councillor Mark Wilson said the council should print off 50 copies and see whether they were taken up. He added: “There is a signification Welsh population in Penarth that speak Welsh and we should listen to them.”

Councillor Janice Birch added that they must monitor how many brochures were picked up, and be careful that someone doesn’t “sweep them all up of the first day”.

The leisure and amenities committee agreed to supply a Welsh version of 50 copies that would be kept in the town council offices and be advertised as available on request, as well as a digital version online, at a cost of £410.
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LETTER: English holds sway

LETTER: English holds sway | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
NOMALANGA Mkhize laments the fact that black children are increasingly adopting English as their language of choice in suburban schools (Quest for English robs our schools of language, October 1). She argues that this is leading to assimilation into Anglo-Saxon culture and should be resisted.

English is the common "link" language of SA and much of the world, as well as the language of commerce and academia.

The momentum in this is well past any tipping point. Ms Mkhize may not like this (neither do the French) but it is what it is. African languages will increasingly survive only as home languages, though there is merit in vernacular instruction for the early learning years, where applicable.

Even Afrikaans, which has a developed body of literature and scientific nomenclature, will slowly fade into a "huistaal" over time.

If we want to be practical about this, African languages should be taught at schools as spoken conversational languages. This is doable and should be compulsory and will help nation building. As for cultural assimilation, we are all subject to this — globalisation, travel and the media explosion are irresistible forces.

Anthony Still
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Auditing the national language

Auditing the national language | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
WE are in the midst of the National Language Month (Bulan Bahasa Kebangsaan) 2014. BBK has been observed in one form or another since the early sixties. Essay-writing competitions, oratorical contests, poetry recitals, musical presentations and the like are among the programmes that accompany this month. The overall purpose is to promote the use of Bahasa Malaysia as an expression of the nation’s identity and as an instrument of national unity.

During the launch of this year’s BBK, the Deputy Prime Minister who is also the Minister of Education, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, announced that the Ministry of Education, in collaboration with Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) and the Institut Alam dan Tamadun (ATMA), has begun conducting an audit on the use of the national language in six public universities. The audit will look at how extensively Bahasa is used in lectures and in academic writings, among other aspects of university work. In the next stage, the audit will cover all public universities. It will then be expanded to include private universities.

If the goal of this audit is to determine the extent of usage of Bahasa, it should also include the seven different primary school streams in the country and the different types of secondary schools. There is no reason why the public sector, government-linked companies and the private sector should not also be subjected to this audit. Of course, the format of the audit would be structured to fulfil the needs of the different sectors and sub-sectors of society. But the all-encompassing aim would be to obtain for the first time since Merdeka a clear picture of the breadth and depth of the use of Bahasa Malaysia in the life of the nation.

In carrying out this exercise, the agencies involved should also try to find out if there is any correlation between Bahasa usage in a particular institution and the level of interaction among people of different communities. It would give us an idea of the impact of Bahasa upon inter-ethnic relations. Socio-economic and socio-cultural factors, apart from gender, generational and geographical considerations, could also be interwoven into this analysis.

Information of this sort would be immensely valuable in addressing current challenges the nation faces in giving meaning and substance to the role of Bahasa. A comprehensive Bahasa audit with a national unity focus would enable us to adopt a more effective approach towards the integration of the new generation in particular. It would also assist us in defining and demarcating the relationship between Bahasa on the one hand and the other Malaysian languages on the other.

What is important however is that once the audit is done, there should be a serious and sincere endeavour to strengthen the use of Bahasa at various levels of society. It should be a truly national effort with non-Malays playing lead roles. DBP for instance, which since 1956 has been charged with propagating the national language, should be transformed into a genuinely multi-ethnic agency with perhaps a Chinese Malaysian as its director-general or at least its deputy director-general.

At the same time, non-Malay institutions and organisations in politics, business and culture with mass memberships should initiate sustained campaigns to encourage their constituents to use Bahasa. It is a pity that not a single Chinese or Indian outfit with a huge following has ever attempted to encourage its members and supporters to use Bahasa extensively, especially in exchanges within the community.

This is one of the reasons why the vast majority of Chinese and Indian Malaysians have not developed a sense of ownership vis-à-vis Bahasa Malaysia. In fact, they have shown very little real empathy for the language which they use and study only for functional purposes.

They should be convinced — as some Malay elites themselves need to be convinced — that Bahasa has the ability to bring various communities together for the larger good.

In a vast archipelago of thousands of ethnic groups, it was Bahasa that broke down barriers and helped evolve a shared cultural ethos that gave the diverse peoples of Nusantara a sense of oneness in the old days.

It is significant that even those who were not from Nusantara — Arabs, Indians and Chinese — were integrated into this oneness partly through Bahasa. Small groups of Chinese and Indians who had settled down in Melaka, Terengganu, Kelantan and Kedah for hundreds of years from pre-colonial times and were absorbed into the local populace through Bahasa would be outstanding examples of this.

One could go further and argue that contemporary Indonesia with a multitude of diverse ethnic groups held together by a common language — Bahasa Indonesia — is also an eloquent testimony to the power of Bahasa to forge a remarkable degree of integration. No other language could have achieved this feat. It is something Indonesians are proud of just as they are proud of the fact that Bahasa is one of the 10 major languages in the world.

So let us view the auditing of the use of one of the great languages of the world as essential to the noble mission of realising the full potential of Bahasa Malaysia as a language that will pave the way for the emergence of a more integrated and united nation.

A youth choir at the launch of the National Language Month in Putrajaya. A comprehensive Bahasa audit with a national unity focus will enable us to adopt a more effective approach towards the integration of the new generation in particular. Pic by Ahmad Irham Mohd Noor
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Zuckerberg can be annoying in at least two languages

Zuckerberg can be annoying in at least two languages | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
A Chinese audience was amazed when Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg hosted a Q&A in Mandarin. Zuckerberg gave a 30-minute question and answer session in fluent Mandarin at a Q&A and apparently, it was not about ordering a sweet and sour pork and rice, or asking where the loos were and was pretty challenging. He was talking in Beijing because if he had talked in Mandarin on a American University campus they would have just thought he was insane and locked him up.

The Facebook chief executive is known to have been studying the language for several years, having mentioned his interest in Mandarin in an interview with Oprah Winfrey in 2010. To be fair Mandarin is a pretty tricky language and standing up in front of kids at Tsinghua University in Beijing and talking about social notworking must have been hard. Commenters on the post described his efforts as "seriously impressive" and "pretty cool."

Zuckerberg said there were three reasons why he had chosen to study Mandarin. First, because his wife is Chinese and her grandmother only speaks Mandarin so he began learning to be able to communicate with her. Second because China is an influential country and he felt studying the language would help him better understand its culture. And finally because Mandarin is really hard and he likes challenges.
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Lost in translation | The Daily Beacon

Lost in translation | The Daily Beacon | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
The blank look on the waiter's face in the Parisian café told me everything I needed to know.

Paris had been an absolute dream. The wide avenues brimmed with languid Parisians. The cafes spilled into the streets. The Seine drifted by, lined with aspiring artists from around the world.

I loved everything about Paris, but there was one problem—I couldn't speak a single word of French. I walked the city in a total silence, except for the times I chatted with fellow Americans.

This silence proved frustrating, but one morning, I spotted an opportunity to attempt to take a chink out of the language barrier.

In a stroke of extreme confidence, I had attempted to order a cup of coffee in a halting string of French words. "je ... um, can I ... un café?"

My linguistic efforts resulted in a blank stare; my cheeks turned pink, and I hastily ordered in English. My brother barely concealed his laughter and added to my defeated pride.

A failure to communicate, in the deepest sense of the term.

Communication and its quality prove absolutely fundamental to the course of humanity. From spoken word to sideways glances to sassy hair flips, almost every action possesses a communicative ability. At the deepest level, humans desire to be known and accepted; effective communication allows us to understand others, and also for others to understand us.

Travelling abroad results in obvious language barriers. Stepping on a plane to other parts of the world awakens people to a harsh realization—most verbal meanings we've carefully cultivated throughout our lives can be voided with a simple change in location. Asking basic questions, like where to find a restaurant or a metro, turn into comical pantomimes; our vocabularies are reduced to single phrases ("BATH-room? No, no, the bATh-ROOM").

Aside from the broader categories of language (such as English, French and Spanish), consider the differences in dialects within a language. Two Americans could speak a profoundly different version of English based on their region, such as Bostonians or southern Alabamans. Soda or Coke? Tennis shoes or sneakers? Goose bumps or chill bumps?

Our specific languages are further personalized; every person possesses an extraordinary ability to communicate with the people around him or her in highly unique ways.

Families often form a special language, one cultivated over several decades of shared experiences, impressions and a unique vocabulary. Visitors of my house often notice my family's particular camaraderie and brand of humor.

Two people, even, possess an incredible ability to have a special language. Twins often "sense" the other's thoughts or feelings, and life-long friends cultivate the same ability over long periods of time. Romantically involved couples, in particular, develop a unique language; often the levels of communication determine the strength of their bond.

This incredible ability, however, does not come without its complications. Miscommunications can have seemingly unimportant consequences; botching a coffee order mostly embarrasses me, but otherwise remains somewhat unimportant. Yet the inability for two or more people to communicate effectively can have unexpectedly enormous implications for mankind.

For example, poor communication between medical personnel can lose a patient's life.

The lack of communication between a distant parent and a child can result in distance and estrangement.

A professor incapable of teaching fundamental concepts to students hinders their understanding of a subject.

Poor communication between a couple can
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LAU | News | Languages in Lebanon, a natural advantage

LAU | News | Languages in Lebanon, a natural advantage | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
“With the Arab Spring, there’s a huge demand for translators and for people who know decent Arabic. Lebanon has always had a reputation for a good education, so it makes sense that translators come from here or are trained here,” explains Dr. Nuwar Diab, assistant professor and program coordinator of the B.A. in Translation program at LAU. “We are looking for people with a good command of Arabic and English,” she continues. “They don’t need to have a background in translation, LAU will teach them everything they need to know. Our program is rich, offering several lectures in addition to courses, and inviting scholars to LAU to give workshops.”

The B.A. in Translation was launched last year and teaches translating from English into Arabic and vice-versa, with the possibility of adding French if students have a strong enough command of that language. The program offers several courses, such as Translation of Journalistic Texts, Translation of Business and Economics Texts, Translation of UN and International Conferences. LAU even offers a course in translating for audiovisuals, which introduces students to the techniques used in the artistic translation of motion pictures and TV programs. The course emphasizes the comprehension and appropriate translation of commercial advertisements, posters, slogans, headlines, cartoons and caricatures using language that recreates the effect of the original.

LAU’s program focuses on raising student awareness about the importance of conveying the exact message of a text while preserving the author’s voice and style. It also cultivates students’ appreciation of the cultural backgrounds of the source and target languages, while providing students with practical experience in the use of computer and electronic translation tools.

On October 14, the program hosted renowned Egyptian scholar Dr. Mona Baker, a professor of translation studies and director of the Centre for Translation and International Studies at the University of Manchester in England for a workshop that attracted budding translators from universities across Lebanon. The event focused on addressing linguistic and cultural challenges in translation.

“Prospects of finding work after graduation are very high,” says Diab. “Graduates can work in many fields, from publishing houses to embassies, governmental institutions, universities and companies. Practically every office needs a translator.”  To help the program’s graduates match their skills with available employers, “we have been working on internship opportunities, establishing contacts with institutions, universities and companies in Lebanon and abroad,” the professor adds.

For example, LAU has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the University of Manchester, which houses the Centre for Translation and International Studies that offers an M.A. in Interpreting, which LAU graduates can later attend. Undergraduate students can also attend summer workshops there.
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Expelling one translator will not save the Galaxy - People's Daily Online

Expelling one translator will not save the Galaxy - People's Daily Online | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Since the release of the movie Guardians of the Galaxy in China, a heated discussion about the translation of the movie have spring up among its audience. There is a debate about how imported movies can achieve a satisfactory translation, and comment about how some background information on the characters has been lost in translation.
The debate on the translation of the movie has now gone viral. Many people have criticized the translator of the movie, Jia Xiuyan, suggesting that she has almost ruined the science fiction comedy. One micro-bloger has listed 80 mistakes Jia made in the translation. There is a slogan in the TV show Hero - "Save the cheerleader, save the world." Only in this case, it seems that people would like to change the slogan to "Expel the translator, save the Galaxy."
On the one hand, it is true that Jia Xiuyan's translation does have some shortcomings. For example, when Ronan says "My father and his father shall finally be revenged", this has been translated into Chinese as "My father and his father fermented this revenge". The movie has also lost some of its unique tones in the translation. When Ronan yells out "You call me boy!!!" for instance, the neutral Chinese translation completely loses the infuriated "how dare you" tone. In fact, this is not the first time that Jia Xiuyan has been widely criticized. The translations of Men in Black III and Pacific Ring were both her works, and just like the Guardians of the Galaxy, they elicited considerable criticism.
On the other hand, translating imported movies has never been an easy job. First of all, because of confidentiality agreements, translators often do not have access to the whole movie, but have to produce their translations based on the scripts, and under considerable time pressure. Secondly, in superhero movies like Guardians of the Galaxy, foreign names of characters, places, and other important elements might have been dictated by the parent film company, and the translator may not have any right to change them. Moreover, the Chinese subtitles of an English movie have to follow the dubbed Chinese, which places strict timing requirements on each sentence, and even individual words. Translating imported movies is not a free market; instead the work is assigned by the authorities. As a result, you cannot simply replace a translator who is not up to the job.
A movie containing a lot of American pop culture references, slang, and phonetic puns from the 1970s and 1980s, like Guardians of the Galaxy, is very difficult to translate. Few members of a Chinese audience would get the point of having a song like "Cherry Bomb" right before the decisive battle, and how this arrangement would be considered as enthusiastic and humorous at the same time. Is it not a little unreasonable to expect the translator to capture and represent every cultural feature of the background?
Translating imported movies can be a big issue. Expelling one translator will not save the Galaxy. To marketize the translation of imported movies and to find the most suitable translator for every movie would be a good start in remedying the problem.
This article is edited and translated from 《干掉一个坏翻译，拯救不了银河系》，Source: Beijing News
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Google pushes forward with its voluntary pro-copyright policing - EDRi

For the past number of years, Google has chosen to impose US copyright law on the world, completely de-indexing any website which fulfils the non-judicial criteria of a valid order under American law. Last year alone, it removed 222 000 000 links, which means 74 links per second. In addition to applying US copyright law globally, it also applies national law nationally. So, Google will also delete or de-index in any European country, on the basis of the national law of that country as well as deleting or de-indexing in any European country on the basis of US law.

In addition to this, Google also voluntarily “demotes” entire domain names that have been included in a “substantial number” of complaints that have been filed under US law. In addition, Google also contracts with US company “legitscript” to identify “bad” pharmaceutical advertising. This arrangement has been heavily criticised by Pharmacy Checker, an online pharmacy review/comparison service, which alleges various breaches of competition and ethics.

On 17 October, Google announced that it would do what it had previously claimed that it is already doing – demoting search results for entire domains in relation to which “substantial” numbers of complaints had been received under US law. They also promised not to use auto-complete of search terms in situations where those searches would have produced searches that had been accused of being in breach of US law.

The UK newspaper The Guardian also reported that UK rightsholder organisation, the British Phonograpic Industry wants Google to “remove” entire domains. So, if, for example, Tumblr or WordPress were subject to a large number of complaints, instead of de-indexing the specific Tumblr or WordPress sites that were accused of breaking US law, Google would simply make or unfindable.

Demotion of search results – Correspondence between state attorneys general (10.12.2013)

Google to state AG’s: We’ve blocked over 3 million bad ads from “rogue online pharmacies” (20.06.2013)

Call for an investigation of John Horton, President of LegitScript, for possible government ethics violations

Google says latest search changes will ‘visibly affect’ piracy site rankings (20.10.2014)

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NKSC Speaker Series Returns with English Language Translation- Daily NK

NKSC Speaker Series Returns with English Language Translation- Daily NK | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
North Korea Strategy Center [NKSC], a defector-led organization promoting free press and media in North Korea by disseminating outside media into the nation in the form of USBs, DVDs, and radios, will host the second round of its "Strategies for Change Speaker Series" on October 29th at the "Leaders Nine Banquet and Convention" in Seoul. Admission to all the lectures, which will be conducted in Korean and translated into English, is free.

The first speaker in the series is recent North Korean defector Lee Myung, who until last year was a high-ranking member of the Chosun Workers’ Party in North Korea. Myung will give a lecture titled, “Is North Korea in crisis? What does the future of relations between North Korea and China look like?”

Lee Myung's position allowed him to witness firsthand the Kim family, the inner workings of Kim Jong Eun's administration, and shifting within the Party’s power dynamics. Employing these experiences, Myung plans to discuss changes in these dynamics from the end of the Kim Jong Il era up to now. The discussion will focus on whether North Korea is really facing crisis and what we can expect from future relations with the isolated nation.

Among the other topics slated for other lectures in the series are: “Propaganda and Information Control in North Korea: the 90s until now,” “Going Forward: The Role of the International Community to Bring Change in North Korea,” and “North Korean Human Rights Violations: an Orphan’s Account and and Recent Developments in the UN.”

To RSVP for  the first lecture in this informative series, or for other inquiries, please email your name and affiliation to by October 28th at 5p.m.[KST]. Photography and media interviews are strictly forbidden at this event due to security concerns.

More information on the series, as well as directions to the venue, can be found on the NKSC website.
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MGI: Divali chanté en plusieurs langues | Le Mauricien

MGI: Divali chanté en plusieurs langues | Le Mauricien | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Pendant une heure hier soir, les artistes du Mahatma Gandhi Institute (MGI), des centres culturels marathi, tamoul, télégou et chinois et de l'Indo-Mauritian Catholic Association, ont présenté le spectacle, en huit scènes, Paradise on Earth, pour célébrer la fête de la lumière. Les spectateurs ont ainsi pu entendre Divali chanté dans quasiment toutes les langues présentes sur le territoire mauricien.
C’est le traditionnel allumage des lampes qui a ouvert ce ballet. Le rideau s’est levé sur un ange évoquant la fête de la lumière, qui exprime son vœu d’aller à la découverte des différentes communautés célébrant Divali, chacun leurs façons, tout en y conservant son essence. Outre le jeu de scène de l’ange, qui est ensuite rejoint par d’autres, une projection d’images sur l’écran de fond a permis au public de situer le pays sur la mappemonde et, ensuite, de le retrouver à travers ses paysages montagneux et le déferlement d’images de bâtiments illuminés par des guirlandes et lampes en terre cuite.
La première scène était dédiée à la vénération, en sanskrit, de Lakshmi, déesse de la prospérité, de la pureté et de la générosité, et symbole de la beauté, de la grâce et du charme. Les artistes du MGI ont dépeint les préparatifs en bhojpuri, suivi par les danseurs du centre culturel tamoul. La troisième scène, décrivant la victoire de la lumière sur l’obscurité, était présentée sous forme de séga par les membres du REM Dance Group pour évoquer l’expérience chrétienne du Divali à Maurice. Ils ont précédé le groupe du centre culturel marathi. Les artistes du centre culturel chinois, accompagné de quelques membres du REM Dance Group, ont ensuite proposé un morceau avant de laisser la place aux danseurs de la communauté télégoue. Les artistes du MGI sont revenus sur scène pour un chant en ourdou pour parler de la lumière de Divali, « qui rapproche l’être du Divin à travers ses bonnes actions ». Au moment de la fin, en apothéose, les artistes sont tous montés sur scène, formant des grands groupes, pour dépeindre une fête où se mêlent langues, pas de danse et costumes traditionnels…
Paradise on Earth est une conception de Putanjani Mungar-Purgus, responsable de l’école des Arts du spectacle du MGI. Son objectif : démontrer le vivre ensemble des Mauriciens issus de différentes communautés. Lors de son intervention, au début du spectacle, le ministre des Arts et de la Culture, Mookhesswur Choonee, a souligné que les aïeuls des Mauriciens venus des différents pays ou États indiens avaient su préserver leurs traditions, malgré les difficultés rencontrées. Selon lui, aujourd’hui, « la célébration de Noël, d’Eid-Ul-Fitr, du Nouvel An Chinois et de Divali, sur le plan national, a permis à Maurice d’entrer de plain-pied dans le monde moderne, tout en gardant un lien dans la tradition, qui demeure un socle pour le pays ». Bijaye Madhoo, le directeur du MGI, a, lui, déclaré que « Divali est synonyme de partage et est l’occasion d’oublier le passé et d’aller de l’avant ». Le spectacle a pris fin avec une distribution de gâteaux.
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DU to offer certificate courses in 8 northeast languages - The Times of India

DU to offer certificate courses in 8 northeast languages - The Times of India | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
NEW DELHI: Delhi University is planning to offer short term certificate courses in eight northeast Indian languages in run up to its preparation for the heritage tour to that region in December.

"There is a proposal to offer short term courses in eight different languages of the northeast which will include tutorials on basic working knowledge of the languages and not the detailed scripts," DU vice chancellor Dinesh Singh said.


As many as 900 students will be given the opportunity to travel on "Dharodhar-Gyanodaya Express" from December 20 to 30 which is all set to travel to northeast region this year to enrich students about the culture and heritage of the region.

"While the university has invited proposals from the students regarding the projects they would like to undertake during the journey, the short term certificate courses will give an opportunity to the students to learn the languages irrespective of the tour," Prof Chandrahekhar, Coordinator for the Gyanodyaa Express said.






While DU's linguistic department doesn't offer any full time courses in the northeastern language, the undergraduate students have an option of choosing either Assamese or Manipuri as an elective during their three-year degree course.
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Diccionario para ricos

Diccionario para ricos | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Acabo de ver en los escaparates de las escasas librerías que van quedando el diccionario de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua. Una maravilla de edición, que es lo más visible a primera vista, y de contenido cuando se echa el ojo a su interior. Un trabajo excelente que consolida una imagen de la RAE muy distinta de aquella, empeñada en conservar embalsamadas las palabras fuera de uso cotidiano y, en cambio, mantener en la ilegalidad gramatical muchas de las que los ciudadanos de a pie veníamos utilizando a diario en nuestras conversaciones familiares, sociales e incluso laborales.

El nuevo diccionario es el fruto ingente de una conjunción de esfuerzos, al que se sumaron las Academias de otros países o colectividades hiapanohablantes lo cual lo convierte en el más ambicioso y completo de los aprobados hasta ahora por tan docta casa. Quise comprarlo de inmediato, claro, pero su adquisición ofrece un problema incomprensible: cuesta la friolera de cien euros, una respetable cantidad que en los tiempos de crisis, recortes y austeridad que corren, no está al alcance de cualquiera.

Se trata de que hablemos mejor nuestro idioma, de que lo escribamos con corrección, pero hay que decir y criticar que la ayuda que el diccionario presta se vuelve poco menos que imposible. Se trata, lo sé, de una edición de lujo, gigantesca, y supongo y espero que pronto parezca otra en rústica, más discreta y austera, que es por la que se debía haber empezado; cuando menos ponerlas a la venta al tiempo. Una excelente para coleccionistas, para regalos caros y para lucirla en los estantes de los grandes salones, y la otra para los que la tenemos que manejar a diario hasta acabar dejándola raída y sobada de tanto hojearla.

Un diccionario para ricos está bien, mejor que lo gasten en obras así que en putas como se sospecha que hicieron algunos beneficiados de las black card de Bankia, pero un diccionario actualizado y útil para personas modestas pero dedicadas o interesadas por la cultura, se vuelve imprescindible. Para eso pagamos impuestos.
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President outlines a year dedicated to translation

President outlines a year dedicated to translation | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Western President Amit Chakma stressed this coming year is about translating aspirations into actionable items during his annual presidential priorities address, presented last week to university Senate.
“This year, my overarching priority is to ensure appropriate steps are undertaken to implement our recently approved Strategic Plan, Achieving Excellence on the World Stage. By design, this plan is aspirational in nature,” said Chakma, adding that translation will require significant attention from his entire leadership team.
The Strategic Plan has four key pillars:
Raise expectations by creating a world-class research and scholarship culture;
Lead in learning by providing Canada’s best education for tomorrow’s global leaders;
Reach beyond campus by engaging alumni, community, institutional and international partners; and
Take charge of Western’s destiny by generating and investing new resources in support of excellence.
Work on the first two pillars is well advanced through the leadership of the vice-presidents, particularly the provost and vice-president (Research), Chakma said.
“I will continue to focus on these two pillars at a high level. But, by virtue of the external leadership role of my position, I’ll be devoting considerable time to the latter two pillars, with a special emphasis on building and strengthening partnerships with both public and private sector partners,” he continued. “It is a job that cannot be done without the help of many.
“When we come together, we see great success.”
Chakma mentioned work on priorities from previous years continues as well including:
Building Western’s capacity to attract the best students through the high quality, innovation, breadth and reputation of our academic programs, research, scholarship and outstanding learning environment;
Cultivating a more research-intensive culture through continued emphasis on graduate enrolment expansion, development of innovative course-based masters programs and strategic investment in interdisciplinary areas of strength;
Strengthening Western’s internationalization efforts through increased engagement with alumni, community and institutional partners in all areas of our teaching, learning, research and service mission;
Monitoring and contributing to Ontario’s postsecondary education policy discussions while anticipating and managing the impact of policy shifts that may emerge;
Playing a leadership role in advocating for greater public support of postsecondary research and internationalization agendas with the federal government;
Navigating the changing fiscal and education policy environment while pursuing income diversification strategies, with a particular focus on the development of Western’s next four-year fiscal plan; and
Raising Western’s visibility through media, communication, public affairs and events activities.
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Afghan interpreter wins asylum

Afghan interpreter wins asylum | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Faizullah Muradi, who worked as an interpreter for Norwegian forces in Afghanistan only to be deported from Norway after arriving as a refugee, has finally won asylum after all. The government and the authorities were pressured into evaluating his case, not least by military officials and veterans whom he’d served in Afghanistan.

This photo of Faizullah Muradi being arrested by a sympathetic and clearly uncomfortable police officer in May hit the front pages of most Norwegian newspapers last spring. Now Muradi can legally live the rest of his life in Norway, and no longer fear being sent back to Afghanistan. PHOTO:å-Faizullah-Muradi-Tilbake-Til-Norge
“I am so happy,” Muradi told Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK) on the phone from Mandal, the southern Norwegian coastal town where he’s been living since last spring’s deportation drama. After being sent back to his first entry point in Europe, for the authorities there to evaluate his case, he was allowed to return to Norway while his asylum application was reconsidered and evaluated in Norway.
His case struck a nerve within the Norwegian public, especially among the military personnel he’d served with in Afghanistan. They had no doubt he’d be at risk for reprisal from the Taliban after Norway pulled its forces out of Afghanistan. They viewed Norway’s initial refusal to evaluate his asylum application as a sign of reverse disloyalty to someone who had helped Norwegian officials and troops in Afghanistan for several years.
Not even the police officer who was ordered to oversee his deportation in May was at ease with his assignment, and admitted with cameras rolling that he didn’t think the deportation was right but he had a job to do. Muradi complied without resistance and the police officer won praise for being so sympathetic.
He attracted widespread national support, not only in Mandal where he volunteered in the local library and made many friends while waiting for his asylum application to be processed. Former military colleagues publicly stated that Muradi had worn the uniform of Norwegian troops and deserved the same respect and treatment as returning veterans.
Prime Minister Erna Solberg finally stepped in, after Muradi had been sent out of the country, and the Justice Ministry agreed to reevaluate his case. When he finally was flown back to Norway, he was greeted at the airport by many Norwegian military officials in full uniform.
Now Muradi says he can look forward to a peaceful life in Norway. “Now I can finally feel safe,” a grateful Muradi told NRK on Thursday. “I don’t need to worry about being sent back to Afghanistan.” He intended to start taking Norwegian classes later this month.
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Why is bilingual education ‘good’ for rich kids but ‘bad’ for poor, immigrant students? | Metaglossia: The Translation World |




By Claire Bowern











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Odyssée de la traductologie. Traductologie et mondialisation en 2015 : impacts, effets et conséquences

Traductologie et mondialisation en 2015 :
impacts, effets et conséquences

14e édition de l’Odyssée de la traductologie
Association étudiante des cycles supérieurs en traduction
Université Concordia, Montréal, Québec, Canada

L’Association étudiante des cycles supérieurs en traduction de l’Université Concordia est heureuse de vous inviter à la 14e édition de son colloque étudiant : l’Odyssée de la traductologie, qui se tiendra le 9 avril 2015. Cette année, le colloque explorera les impacts que la mondialisation a eus sur la discipline de la traductologie et la profession de traducteur. La mondialisation est un phénomène sur lequel les traductologues se penchent depuis le début du XXIe siècle, et nous croyons aujourd’hui profiter du recul nécessaire pour réfléchir à ses conséquences et à ses effets. Nous avons l’honneur de recevoir Susan Bassnett, professeure à l’Université de Warwick, qui viendra partager son expertise sur le sujet.

L’ouvrage Translation and Globalization publié en 2003 par Michael Cronin est la pierre angulaire des réflexions sur ce sujet. Cronin y explore les impacts qu’ont eus les changements en matière de technologie et d’organisation des économies et des sociétés sur la traduction. En 2009, dans l’ouvrage Translation in Global News, Susan Bassnett et Esperança Bielsa revisitent la relation entre mondialisation et traduction. Elle y affirme que malgré l’imposition de l’anglais comme lingua franca, la production de traduction croît de manière exponentielle, mais que les théories sur la mondialisation s’intéressent peu à la pratique de la traduction. Le temps est donc venu de faire un état de la question. Dans quelle mesure la relation entre mondialisation et traduction a-t-elle changé? Quelles ont été et quelles sont les conséquences de la mondialisation sur la traduction? Nous invitons les étudiants en traductologie à soumettre leur proposition de communication sur le sujet. Voici quelques questions, parmi tant d’autres, qui pourraient être explorées :

Mondialisation et la place de la traduction

• La mondialisation au XXIe siècle : impacts et conséquences sur la traduction et la traductologie

• L’influence de la mondialisation sur l’ouverture des cultures et le rôle qu’elle joue dans la traduction, notamment dans la création récente de la China Academy of Translation.

• Avec l’internet, l’anglais s’impose comme lingua franca. Quels sont les impacts sur les réseaux de traduction, changement des rapports de force entre les langues?

• L’augmentation de la demande de traduction a-t-elle un impact sur la reconnaissance de la profession de traducteur et/ou de la discipline de la traductologie?

• En quoi la mondialisation a-t-elle redéfini la place de la traduction dans la transmission des informations provenant des zones de conflit?

Mondialisation et territoire

• La mondialisation a amené une redéfinition de la notion de frontière. Dans ce contexte, les œuvres littéraires voyagent-elles différemment aujourd’hui?

• Malgré la multiplication des réseaux internationaux, qu’est-ce qui explique que les programmes de traduction d’œuvres littéraires servent toujours principalement les intérêts nationaux?

• Quels impacts ont les technologies qui permettent de passer outre les frontières nationales sur la traduction et les textes traduits? Comment la traduction est-elle perçue, abordée, effectuée, dans ce contexte?

• Dans la même veine, la mondialisation a créé des œuvres qui n’appartiennent plus à une seule culture, voire à une seule langue. Comment cette hybridité dans l’œuvre littéraire affecte-t-elle l’acte traduisant? Quelles stratégies utiliser lorsqu’on traduit un texte qui parle une langue mixte?

Mondialisation et minorité

• Michael Cronin parle d’une mondialisation de toutes les langues en même temps qu’une minorisation de toutes les langues. Comment faut-il aborder, sur un plan éthique, cette fragilisation de l’écosystème linguistique?

• Le traducteur comme agent double : double culture, double identité.

• Quels sont les avantages (et désavantages) de la mondialisation (et de l’internationalisation de la littérature) sur la représentation des langues minoritaires? Sur la représentation des langues majoritaires?

• Le tournant culturel et post-colonialiste en traductologie cherche à redonner aux cultures coloniales et minoritaires un droit de parole. Malgré tout, la place qu’on donne aux voix minoritaires en traductologie reste minime et le dialogue est monopolisé par la tradition traduisante occidentale.

Toute autre question liée au sujet du colloque sera la bienvenue. Le temps alloué à chaque communication est de 20 minutes, le tout suivi d’une période de questions de 10 minutes. Nous aurons également une séance de communications par affiches. Nous vous invitons à nous faire parvenir vos propositions en indiquant si vous avez une préférence pour l’une des deux formes de communications.

Les propositions devront être rédigées en français ou en anglais. Chaque proposition devra inclure un résumé d’environ 200 mots. Veuillez soumettre votre proposition au plus tard le 15 décembre 2014 par courriel (, en prenant soin d’indiquer votre nom, adresse, université et programme d’études et d’inclure une courte biobibliographie.

Nous vous invitons à faire part de vos questions et commentaires à l’Association étudiante des cycles supérieurs en traduction de l’Université Concordia à la même adresse.

Au plaisir de vous lire,

Le comité organisateur de l’Odyssée de la traductologie

ADRESSEUniversité Concordia (Montréal, Canada)
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Université : Séminaire Pédagogique à Moknine sur l?-enseignement des langues appliquées

Université : Séminaire Pédagogique à Moknine sur l?-enseignement des langues appliquées | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Un Séminaire Pédagogique s’est tenu, jeudi 16 Octobre 2014, à l’Institut Supérieur des Langues Appliquées à Moknine (Université de Monastir), avec la participation de deux professeurs invités, Madame Houriya BOUARICH, de l’Université Ibn Tofail de Kenitra (Maroc) et Madame Catherine Gravet, de l’Université de Mons (Belgique).
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Translators stay busy at AFN for Yup'ik-speaking elders

Translators stay busy at AFN for Yup'ik-speaking elders | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
A rotating cadre of fluent Yup’ik speakers is translating speeches and panels at Alaska Federation of Natives convention for elders from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta who speak little English.

The Association of Village Council Presidents sends bilingual employees to the convention, the big annual gathering of Alaska Natives, every year to keep elders connected.

The translators sat at the back of the main ballroom keeping an eye out for Yup’ik-speaking elders in the crowd.

Parnell signs Native language bill in emotional ceremony at AFN convention
Hilda Oscar said she’s translated at the AFN convention for about five years. She works for AVCP as an accountant, as does another of this year’s translators, Doris Mute. Joann Andrew, who works as the administrative secretary for AVCP, is the most experienced of the group, Oscar said.

“The most important thing is that the elders who depend on us are able to keep up and get the whole message,” she said. “You have to be very precise.”

The translators must stick to the speeches and avoid getting sidetracked or caught up emotionally. That’s hard when difficult topics such as sexual abuse come up. Last year, one translator had to turn the job over to another when girls from the Tanana 4-H Club spoke of abuse and neglect in their village. This year, the translators were ready when the Tanana group returned, Oscar said.

All day, the women spoke quietly into microphones that transmitted their translations to wireless headsets that AVCP loans to elders.

Only a couple of elders were using the headsets so far this year, Oscar said. The number has dwindled over the years.

Contact Lisa Demer at or on Twitter
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Errors Plague New Scrabble Dictionary | Purple Pawn

Errors Plague New Scrabble Dictionary | Purple Pawn | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Just 2 months since its release, the new fifth edition of The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary is coming under fire for omissions, inconsistencies, and spelling mistakes.

The problem appears to have originated with communications between the North American Scrabble Players Association (NASPA) and Merriam-Webster. NASPA maintains the Official Tournament and Club Word List (OTCWL), which is used in judging tournament games in the United States and Canada. Merriam-Webster publishes The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary for casual use, removing from the OTCWL trademarked terms and words deemed offensive. NASPA’s Dictionary Committee expected Merriam-Webster to exercise editorial oversight of the draft word lists that it sent to the publisher. However that step may have been skipped.

As a result, the Dictionary includes “disrepects” and “disrepecting” but not “sez” or “xed”, which are part of the OTCWL. Other problems have been cataloged by the Seattle Scrabble Club.

With questions about the quality of these word lists, perhaps the bigger problem is availability for reference and research. Hasbro has claimed copyright to the OTCWL and restricted access to NASPA members.
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Lionbridge Became eBay's Translation Partner For Cross Border Trade Initiative In Europe

Lionbridge Became eBay's Translation Partner For Cross Border Trade Initiative In Europe | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
WALTHAM, Massachusetts, Oct. 23, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. (Nasdaq: LIOX), today announced that eBay is in production with the Lionbridge onDemand API as a translation partner for its Cross Border Trade initiative in Europe.  This integrated solution enables eBay merchants to seamlessly translate product listings within the eBay partner platforms.
Eight of the largest ecommerce platforms used by eBay merchants have integrated Lionbridge directly into their platforms to make translation a seamless process.  Lionbridge and eBay expect additional ecommerce providers to join the cross border trade initiative as merchants expand revenue streams across geographies with eBay.
Cross border ecommerce volume in Europe is forecast to reach $130 billion by 2020, according to global consulting firm OC&C Strategy Consultants.  eBay is a leader in helping consumers buy from merchants in other countries and a highly automated and efficient translation process is required to enable this activity at eBay's scale.  eBay selected Lionbridge for its market leading onDemand production model that combines the world's most comprehensive translation API with Six Sigma translation process automation.
"We know that the language barrier is a very real obstacle for businesses looking to sell in to international markets.  Alongside shipping, translation is a key strategic focus for the eBay cross border trade programme which supports eBay merchants. By working with Lionbridge and offering translation to thousands of our business sellers, we expect to be able to boost eBay sellers' cross border sales in Europe," said Eben Sermon, Senior Director of International Trade, eBay. 
Current eBay participating ecommerce platforms include Afterbuy, Channel Advisor, eFulfillment, eSeller Pro, 4Sellers, Linnworks, M2EPro(Magento), and PlentyMarkets.  Merchants on these platforms can now select products, click to translate and list in local language markets without ever leaving the platform. 
"We have worked closely with the team at eBay for many years and we greatly appreciate the opportunity to work together on this major initiative," said Marc Osofsky, CMO, Lionbridge.  "Translation is becoming a feature in ecommerce platforms.  This program is an example of what the future holds for global ecommerce."
The Lionbridge onDemand API is the first translation API that provides support for a broad range of translation options, cost levels and content types.  Developed by the world's largest translation company, the Lionbridge onDemand API enables technology platforms to write to a single RESTful API, rather than managing separate integrations and custom development with numerous providers.   
"As the largest Language Service Provider, and a Forbes Top 100 Trusted Company, Lionbridge is the natural provider of the leading translation API for the ecommerce sector," said Rory Cowan, CEO of Lionbridge. "Ecommerce requires speed, scale, quality and efficiency in translation for the forecasted cross border ecommerce volumes to become reality.  Our onDemand platform is ideally suited to meet these diverse needs".
About Lionbridge
Sara Buda, Lionbridge Technologies
Tel.: 781-434-6190
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Le "pissoir de poche", le nouvel accessoire indispensable?

Le "pissoir de poche", le nouvel accessoire indispensable? | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
INSOLITE - Rien de pire que les ruelles qui sentent l'urine. La solution à ce fléau urbain nous vient peut-être d'Allemagne, rapporte Marc Collinet, le directeur de l'entreprise allemande Adamus Group propose depuis le mois d'avril à différentes villes et organisateurs de festivals des "pissoirs de poche".

On connaissait déjà le "pisse-debout", ce cône de papier qui permettait aux filles de faire pipi sans avoir à s'accroupir, le pissoir de poche entend faire mieux. En effet le site affiche d'emblée son ambition "bientôt, un pissoir de poche dans toutes les boites à gants". On a hâte.

"Au travail, pendant vos loisirs, dans la voiture ou dans le domaine médical – le pissoir de poche ne connaît pas de frontières et va vous faciliter la vie" peut-on également lire. Mais passé le scepticisme initial, le concept semble en réalité avoir été étudié de façon relativement consciencieuse. Il existe un modèle pour homme, et un modèle pour femmes, muni d'un entonnoir en papier en plus de la poche de 750 ml, pour éviter les accidents. La poche se ferme ensuite hermétiquement et un gel solidifie immédiatement l'urine et en neutralise l'odeur. Il ne vous reste plus qu'à jeter le tout dans la poubelle la plus proche…. Si vous en trouvez une.

Mais que faîtes-vous si vous ne disposez pas d'un vide-ordures à proximité? La société précise vouloir fabriquer les poches dans des matériaux recyclables et bio dégradable, mais sans donner d'échéance précise.

Toujours est-il que le pissoir de poche est d'ores et déjà disponible sur internet à 8,50 euros pour un pack de 5, et 119 euros pour un pack de 80. Le modèle masculin s'appelle Adamus, le féminin Evamus. Une version mini pour les enfants existe également, sous le nom de Minimus.
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Le «Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse» au complet, cela se fête!

Le «Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse» au complet, cela se fête! | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Martine Brunschwig Graf, présidente du Conseil de fondation du «Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse», salue l’achèvement d’un chantier colossal – les treize volumes d’un dictionnaire complet sur les faits et les hommes qui ont laissé une marque dans notre pays – après 30 ans de travail
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Forum Chine - Mon nouveau dictionnaire chinois sur mobile | Lonely Planet

Forum Chine - Mon nouveau dictionnaire chinois sur mobile | Lonely Planet | Metaglossia: The Translation World |
Bonjour à tous,
J'ai développé une appli gratuite et sans pub pour les téléphones qui ont Android qui je l'espère, sera utile au plus grand nombre.
C'est un dictionnaire FrançaisChinois très complet et le plus fourni disponible à ce jour.
Je vous le propose au téléchargement ici et si vous avez des remarques pour l'optimiser, nh'ésitez pas.
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