Researchers discover a gene that might control fat accumulation

Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found that a single gene might control whether or not individuals tend to pile on fat, a discovery that may point to new ways to fight obesity and diabetes.

“From worms to mammals, this gene controls fat formation,” said Dr. Jonathan Graff, associate professor of developmental biology and internal medicine at UT Southwestern and senior author of a study appearing in the Sept. 5 issue of Cell Metabolism. “It could explain why so many people struggle to lose weight and suggests an entirely new direction for developing medical treatments that address the current epidemic of diabetes and obesity.

“People who want to fit in their jeans might someday be able to overcome their genes.”

The gene, called adipose, was discovered in fat fruit flies more than 50 years ago by a graduate student at Yale University, but few people knew about it. Its mechanism was unknown, and whether it’s important in other genes was a mystery.

In the current study, the UT Southwestern researchers examined how adipose works by analyzing fruit flies, tiny worms called C. elegans, cultured cells, and genetically engineered mice, as well as by exploiting sophisticated molecular techniques. Using several methods, they manipulated adipose in the various animals, turning the gene on and off at different stages in the animals’ lives and in various parts of their bodies.

It was discovered that the gene, which is also present in humans, is likely to be a high-level master switch that tells the body whether to accumulate or burn fat.

In the mice, the researchers found that increasing adipose activity improved the animals’ health in many ways. Mice with experimentally increased adipose activityate as much or more than normal mice; however, they were leaner, had diabetes-resistant fat cells, and were better able to control insulin and blood-sugar metabolism.

In contrast, animals with reduced adipose activity were fatter, less healthy and had diabetes.

The researchers’ work on flies showed that the gene is “dose-sensitive” – that is, the various combinations of the gene’s variants lead to a range of body types from slim to medium to obese.

“This is good news for potential obesity treatments, because it’s like a volume control instead of a light switch; it can be turned up or down, not just on or off,” Dr. Graff said. “Eventually, of course, the idea is to develop drugs to target this system, but that’s in the years to come.”

This genetic mechanism makes survival sense, he said, because if a population has many versions of the gene scattered among many different individuals, at least some will survive in different conditions. For instance, a fat fruit fly may be able to survive famine, but a sleeker model might be better at evading predators.

Dr. Graff said the next step is to understand better the exact mechanisms by which adipose exerts its control.

Although the current study finally identifies the adipose gene’s function, the gene was discovered more than 50 years ago when Winifred Doane, now a professor emeritus at Arizona State University, was studying fruit flies and noticed that some contained more fat than others. She linked this trait to a gene she named adipose and hypothesized that this natural variation gave the chubbier flies an evolutionary advantage; they could hoard more fat on the same amount of food as their skinnier counterparts, allowing them to survive times of famine.

But for people in developed countries, this trait has backfired. It’s all feast and no famine, so the fat builds and builds.

“Even a pound a year adds up over a lifetime,” Dr. Graff said.

Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by UT Southwestern Medical Center

8 thoughts on “Researchers discover a gene that might control fat accumulation

  1. Pingback: Smorgasboard of stuff « chasing the sun

  2. Could you imagine the affect this would have if adapted and implemented to treat humans? Even more so, if scientists could learn how to manipulate the adipose gene in certain parts of the human body, one could theoretically pick which part of their body they would like to loose or gain weight. Good bye plastic surgeons, hello gene manipulation.

  3. Eliminating a fat storage gene may sound good but if we are location selective we will just store fat in other areas we do not desire. We will only create a new problem.

    If we eliminate fat storage all together we propably will have some serious health issues.

  4. So am I to understand that this requires ongoing treatments? Do the rats have to get injected with this stuff over and over again? I would think the RX companies would be lining up for this one…although this also kinda sounds like all those commercials I see on tv about 12:30am. I am interested to hear about the other affects it has on the body such as diabetes resistance.

  5. I think that this gene control medicine might come one day but i dont think that it will be free of side effects ans the study said the enviroment will have its word

    something that i can imagine is the lake of food resourses that will happen if people can eat as much as they can and stay thin (what a joy)

    but its still a great invintion and will cure more than 40% of the people living on earth


  6. I think that what most people are forgetting is that fat is necessary. There’s a reason why we have fat. Besides insulating us from the cold it also a very intergral part of our body. For example 27% of our brains are made up of fat. If we turn off the fat gene what happens to our bodies?

    It’s not fat that’s making us sick. It’s the processed and often rancid fat that is in all of our foods. It’s products like soy that turn down and often turn off our thyroid. The thyroid is what regulates how we use and convert energy.

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