Psych 1010

Terms Definitions
Free association is a method designed to
explore the unconscious.
Frank refuses to believe that he is addicted to drugs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. He is most clearly demonstrating the defense mechanism of
Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized that personality development is strongly influenced by feelings of inferiority?
Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient but unfamiliar religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to
Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous photographs and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely completing a(n) ________ test.
The Rorschach inkblot test often fails to yield results that are consistent from one assessment to a second subsequent assessment. This most clearly indicates that the test is not
Which of the following Freudian ideas is most consistent with contemporary psychological research findings?
Conscious awareness of what goes on in our own minds is very limited.
Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?
psychoanalytic theory
Which personality theorists have most clearly been credited with encouraging the popular belief that a positive self-concept is the key to happiness and success?
humanistic theorists
Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by
unconditional positive regard.
humanistic theorists
An interest in describing and classifying the many ways in which individuals may differ from one another is most characteristic of the ________ perspective.
A person who is helpful and trusting most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as
A highly anxious and insecure personality illustrates the Big Five trait dimension of
Which perspective most clearly emphasizes the interactive influences of traits and situations on human behavior?
social-cognitive perspective
Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a consequence of her superior dietary self-control. This best illustrates the importance of
reciprocal determinism.
Corbett refuses to take reasonable precautions to protect his health because he believes good health is just a matter of luck anyway. Corbett's attitude best illustrates
an external locus of control.
Paula expects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. Paula's belief best illustrates
an internal locus of control.
Mr. Carlson is a politician who credits his past election victories to his own effective communication and hard work; he attributes his past election losses to factors beyond his control. His assessments best illustrate
self-serving bias.
A criticism of the social-cognitive perspective has been that it
underestimates the importance of enduring personality traits.
Psychiatrists and psychologists are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is
personally distressful.
DSM-IV-TR is most likely to be criticized for
classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.
Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by
all of these factors.
The medical model would be LEAST helpful for explaining the
dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years.
A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-IV-TR in order to ________ various psychological disorders.
Jeremy experiences so much anxiety about taking the elevator that he climbs 10 flights of stairs to get to his office each workday. Jeremy appears to suffer from
specific phobia.
Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is to ________ as repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is to ________.
compulsion; obsession
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Learning theorists have suggested that compulsive behaviors are
reinforced by anxiety reduction.
It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.
Research on anxiety disorders indicates that
some people are more genetically predisposed than others to develop anxiety disorders.
Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the
Evidence that dissociative identity disorder is not simply a product of conscious role-playing is most clearly provided by the
distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities.
Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by
alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
Which of the following disorders typically occurs in periodic episodes that eventually terminate by themselves even without professional help?
major depressive disorder
The incidence of major depression is greatest among those
reared apart from an identical twin who suffers the disorder.
Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women are more likely to respond to negative life events with self-focused rumination. This suggestion best illustrates a ________ perspective.
Self-blaming attributions are most likely to be associated with
hallucination; delusion
The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder develops
rapidly in response to a stressful life situation.
Schizophrenia that develops gradually over a long period is called ________ schizophrenia.
A PET scan study of people with ________ found increased activity in the amygdala.
Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to schizophrenia.
prenatal viral infections
North Americans born during the winter and spring months are at a slightly increased risk for
Personality disorders are best described as
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.
Researchers have found low levels of ________ in 13-year-old boys who were later convicted of a crime as 18- to 26-year-olds.
Immigrants to the United States from Mexico average ________ mental health than Mexican-Americans born in the United States. Immigrants to the United States from Asia average ________ mental health than Asian-Americans born in the United States.
better; better
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