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To expand on Steven Evers' answer - I believe that Steven's definitions of unit and integration tests are correct and consistent with my understanding and experience. I've also heard the term "consistency check" before, but never in the context of a test.

When I've heard the term "consistency check", it's usually in the context of the running system. There are different types of checks. Validations are typically executed when something is created or modified and may be one form of consistency check. However, other consistency checks may run outside of these changes to ensure that the state has not changed. For example, a consistency check may check one or all records to make sure that they were not modified by an external application or human directly in the database. Consistency checks may also exist between systems to ensure that they share the correct representation of the state of the system and to indicate when they do not.

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