World History -Patterns of Interaction : Ch. 21

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Absolute Monarchies of Europe

Philip II (of Spain)

The son of Charles V who later became husband to Mary I and king of Spain and Portugal. He supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598) He was a intolerant, Catholic king.

Absolute Monarch

ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs

Divine right


Edict of Nantes

a 1598 declaration in which the French King Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities


a philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain

Cardinal Richelieu

(1585-1642) Minister to Louis XIII. His three point plan (1. Break the power of the nobility, 2. Humble the House of Austria, 3. Control the Protestants) helped to send France on the road to absolute monarchy.

Thirty Years' War

(1618-1648 CE) War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia.

Maria Theresa

(1740-1780) Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary. Lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories (Empress of Austro-Hungary)

Seven Years War

fought between England and France, 1756-1763; known as the French and Indian War in the colonies, it started in 1754, over control of the Ohio River Valley and resulted in France's withdrawal from North America. It was the impetus for Parliament's taxing policy that led to the American Revolution.


an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western—especially European or American—countries.

Ivan the Terrible

Who: first czar (king) of all the Russias, married into an old boyar family (Russian nobles) called the Romanovs
What: came to the throne at three years of age, struggled for power with the nobility (the boyars), at 16 -took control and crowned himself czar (king): good period(1547-1550) was when he added new lands to Russia, gave them their first law code, and ruled justly. His 'Bad' Period (1560-1581) saw the death of his wife, his mistrust and persecution of the boyars using a 'secret' police to execute many of them unjustly. Finally in a fit of rage - he killed his oldest son and left a weak son who died three years later..Ivan died with no heirs and a new ruler- the great nephew of his wife -Michael Romanov was chosen to rule as czar - this family ruled from 1613 to 1917.
Where: Russia
When: 1530-1583(?)

Peter the Great


Habeas Corpus


Constitutional monarchy

government in which a king or queen is the official head of state, but elected officials run the government



English Civil War


Charles I


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