An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory



Number of Results: 11 Search : baryon

Fr.: antibaryon   

The → antiparticle of a → baryon.

anti-; → baryon.

bâriyon (#)

Fr.: baryon   

Any of the class of the heaviest → subatomic particles that includes → protons, → neutrons, as well as a number of short-lived particles whose decay products include protons. Baryons obey the → Fermi-Dirac statistics. They form a subclass of the → hadrons and are further subdivided into → nucleons and → hyperons.

Gk. barys "heavy" + → -on, from "fermion."

baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO)
  نوش ِ صداییک ِ باریونی   
naveš-e sedâyik-e bâryoni

Fr.: oscillation acoustique baryonique   

In cosmology, one of a series of peaks and troughs that are present in the power spectrum of matter fluctuations after the → recombination era, and on large scales. At the time of the Big Bang, and for about 380,000 years afterwards, Universe was ionized and photons and baryons were tightly coupled. Acoustic oscillations arose from perturbations in the primordial plasma due to the competition between gravitational attraction and gas+photons pressure. After the epoch of recombination, these oscillations froze and imprinted their signatures in both the → CMB and matter distribution. In the case of the photons, the acoustic mode history is manifested as the high-contrast Doppler peaks in the temperature anisotropies. As for baryons, they were in a similar state, and when mixed with the non-oscillating → cold dark matter perturbations, they left a small residual imprint in the clustering of matter on very large scales, ~100 h-1Mpc (h being the → Hubble constant in units of 100 km s-1 Mpc-1). The phenomenon of BAOs, recently discovered using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, is a confirmation of the current model of cosmology. Like → Type Ia supernovae, BAOs provide a → standard candle for determining cosmic distances. The measurement of BAOs is therefore a powerful new technique for probing how → dark energy has affected the expansion of the Universe (see, e.g., Eisenstein 2005, New Astronomy Reviews 49, 360; Percival et al. 2010, MNRAS 401, 2148).

baryon; → acoustic; → oscillation.

baryon asymmetry
  ناهمامونی ِ باریون   
nâhamâmuni-ye bariyon

Fr.: asymmétrie baryonique   

The observation that in the present → Universe there is → matter but not much → antimatter. Observations do not show the presence of galaxies made of antimatter, nor gamma rays are observed that would be produced if large entities of antimatter would undergo → annihilation with matter. However, the → early Universe could have been baryon symmetric, and for some reason the matter excess has been generated, through some process called → baryogenesis. → Sakharov conditions.

baryon; → asymmetry.

baryon number
  عدد ِ باریونی   
adad-e bâriyoni (#)

Fr.: nombre baryonique   

1) The difference between the total number of → baryons and the total number of → antibaryons in a system of → subatomic particles. It is a measure of → baryon asymmetry and is defined by the quantity η = (nb - nb-)/nγ, called the → baryon-photon ratio, where nb is the → comoving number density of baryons, nb- is the number of antibaryons, and nγ is that of photons. The value of η for the → cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) has been very well determined by the → WMAP satellite to be η = (6.14 ± 0.25) x 10-10. The baryon number is assumed to be constant. The photons created in stars amount to only a small fraction, less than 1%, of those in the CMBR.
2) A property of an → elementary particle represented by a → quantum number. It is equal to +1 for a baryon and -1 for an antibaryon. → Bosons, → leptons, and → mesons have a baryon number B = 0. → Quarks and → antiquarks have baryon numbers of B = +1/3 and -1/3, respectively. The baryon number is → conserved in all observed types of particle-particle interaction.

baryon; → number.

baryon-photon ratio
  وابر ِ باریون-فوتون   
vâbar-e bâriyon-foton

Fr.: rapport baryon-photon   


baryon; → photon; → ratio.

baryonic dark matter
  ماده‌ی ِ سیاه ِ باریونی   
mâde-ye siyâh-e bâriyoni

Fr.: matière noire baryonique   

Dark matter made up of → baryons that are not luminous enough to produce any detectable radiation. It is generally believed that most dark matter is → non-baryonic. The baryonic dark matter could reside in a number of forms, including cold gas and compact objects.

baryonic; → dark; → matter.

baryonic matter
  ماده‌ی ِ باریونی   
mâde-ye bâriyoni (#)

Fr.: matière baryonique   

Ordinary matter composed of → baryons, i.e. → protons and → neutrons, as distinct from → non-baryonic, exotic forms.

Adj. of → baryon; → matter.

non-baryonic dark matter
  ماده‌ی ِ سیاه ِ ناباریونی   
mâde-ye siyâh-e nâbâriyoni

Fr.: matière noire non-baryonique   

Dark matter composed of → non-baryonic particles.

non-; → baryonic; → dark; → matter.

non-baryonic matter
  مادّه‌ی ِ ناباریونی   
mâdde-ye nâbâriyoni (#)

Fr.: matière non-baryonique   

Matter that, unlike the ordinary matter, is not made of baryons (including the neutrons and protons). It is proposed as a possible constituent of dark matter.

non-; → baryonic matter.

photon-baryon plasma
  پلاسما فوتون-باریون   
plâsmâ foton-bâriyon

Fr.: plasma photon-baryon   


photon; → baryon; → plasma.