SNAB Topic 5 Ecology

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Can you name the Answers To These Ecology Questions?

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'Place With Distinct Conditions Where Organisms Live'
'Group Of Individuals Of The Same Species Living In One Ares'
'Many Populations Living In One Area'
Abiotic, Biotic or Anthropogenic? Climate
Oxygen Availability
Grazing By Domestic Animals
Grazing By Wild Animals
Edaphic Factors (soil)
Moor Burning
Where Does Primary Sucession Happen?
Pioneer species colonise where?
These can include
They ____ __ rock surface
Which creates ____
Now, wind-blown ____ _____ can grow
Their roots mean the soil can hold _____
Which allows ____ ______ _____ to grow
Tall plants _______ small plants
Eventually there is a dominant species, which is usually _____
At this stage there is a ______ _______
Secondary Sucession happens on _____ _____...
...where an existing community has been _______
In the soil is a _____ _____
Where seeds lie ______
_________ is usually the pioneer species
It takes advantage of the ______ ______ _____
Because: 1) It's seeds are dispersed widely by the _____
2) It has lots of _____
3) It has a short _____ _______
4) It ______ rapidly
The third type of sucession is called _______ sucession
Here, the community only remains stable because of ______ _______
A ______ _______is never reached
They use these to stop it: 1) _________
2) _________
3) _________
Producers are also called ______
They turn light into a ______ energy store
Producers are either P________
or C_________
Not all energy is transferred from plant to ______ ______
Why? N__ A__ P___ is E_____
Also, some energy is used for _______
________ _______ get more energy from Primary consumers...
...the animals are made up mainly of _____ which is easily digested
Also, less energy is lost through _______
NPP= ___ - _
Random sampling removes ______
For counting the population of a species you would use the _____, ______, ______ method
What all have to be the same are and shape?
Evidence For climate change can be found in ________
and ______
and ______
What is the study of tree rings called?
New rings are actually a new layer of ____ _____
The wider the rings the better the ______ conditions
Which could have been because of _______ weather
or more _______
When looking at ice cores scientists look at the ________ _____
And can analyze the ___ content
and work out the average _______
The greenhouse effect happens naturally, all the time. Greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere help keep the temperature ______
1) The ______ radiates energy which hits the earth (UV rays)
2) Some is absorbed by the earth and some is _____ back
The ____ _____ reflect most of the light
3) Some heat is trapped by the layer of ______ _____
The more of these these there are the ______ the earth becomes
This is called ______ _______
An increase in temp means ice caps ____
Which will destroy _______
And cause sea levels to ______
Which may cause ______
It can also mean less _____
And so fewer ____ grow
The timing of the _____ can change
As can the frequency of ______, floods and droughts
But it's not all bad. Rising temperatures can mean faster filling _______
Crops can be grown in more places and there'll be ______ _____ every year
Solutions include getting almost all countries to sign the _____ ______
Where they agreed to reduce ___ _____
We can also try to reduce our use of _____ _____
And use more _____ _____ _____
Factors affecting climate change include: 1) ___ levels
2) Other _____ _____
3) A_______
4) The extent of ____ _____
5) How much of the earth is covered in ______
6) Changes in the sun's _______
Adaption. Darwin said animals produce more offspring than can ______
Which maintains the _______
He said there was a Struggle For _______
Because of ______ amongst species
And how ______ factors can halt an increase in poulations
Including: 1) P________
2) Rapid Spread of ________
Darwin also believed in Survival of the _______
Where the best _______ animals survive
Evidence for evolution includes: 1) M______ E______
because ______ and nucleic acid contain a record of our genetic changes over time
2) DNA H_______
DNA is _____ and split into two strands
This is then mixed with another stand from a different _____
Not all ______ will pair up and so when heated will separate quicker
The ______ the strands take to separate, the more similar the two species' DNA is
3) DNA P______
_______ enzymes cut DNA into specific sequences
______ alter the size/position of the bands that show us
Comparison between _____ can show how similar / different they are.
4) DNA and ______ Sequencing
By comparing the bases in sequences of ___ from two or more species, you can determine how closely related they are.
5) DNA Molecular _____
As species evolve they accumulate random ____ over time...
...these generally occur at a _____ _____
The number of differences between species tells us how many mutations there have been and therefore, we can work out how long ago they shared a ______ ______
Speciation - The process of new _____ forming
Species exposed to different ____ _____ become different from their original form
Groups must be _______ for speciation to occur
e.g. some move to a different _______
When they meet again, they are a new species if they cannot ________
Causes of Reproductive isolation: 1) E_______ isolation
Live in different parts of a habitat with different ________
2) T________ isolation
They ________ at different time
3) B_______isolation
Have different ________ behaviour
4) P_______ isolation
Physical restriction stops _________
5) H______ Inviability
Hybrids are produced but don't survive long enough to ____
6) Hybrid S______
Hybrids are produced by cannot _______
Carbon cycle.Carbon _____ store carbson
Carbon ______ release carbon
Causes of imbalance of CO2: 1) Combustion of ____ ____
2) D_______
3) V_______
4) More _____ _____ = more erosion of lime stone = more CO2 released
The balance is maintained by: 1) Using ______
Which are Carbon ______
2) R_______
ATP = A______ T________
In an ______ reaction....
...In the presence of _______ (enzyme)
ATP and _____ split to form....
Which also releases _______
Chloroplasts contain several pigments which each absorb a different ______ __ _____
________, for example, looks green so it reflects that and absorbs all others
whereas _______ looks orange
1) Light ______ Reaction
a) P__________
Light shines on chlorophyll and excited 2 ______
They leave and travel down the _____ ______ _____
in the _______ ______
in a series of _______ and reduction reactions
In doing this they loose energy which joins ADP + P to make ______
b) P________
In the ______ _____
an enzyme catalyses the splitting of ______
It split into _______ which is released back into the atmosphere...
_______ which, combined with the electrons from the electron transport chain, reduces NADP
and 2 ______ which go back to the chlorophyll
2) Light ________ reaction
Happens in the _______ of the chloroplasts
Involves the _______ cycle
6 molecules of ______ _____
combine with 6 molecules of ribulose bisphosphate (___)
to create 12GP - _________ _________
At this point the ____, previously made, is split into ADP + P
and reduced ______ becomes _____
The 12GP becomes 12 molecules of _______ (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
2 of these split off and are used to create ______
leaving 10 of the molecules to split back into 2 5carbon molecules of _____
During this reaction 6 ____ are split into 6 ADP

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