
Inward Investment Guides

Government Funding Sweetens Site Redevelopment


Mark Crawford (2011 Directory)
Dermatology Associates of Wisconsin redeveloped a brownfield in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, with $310,000 in state funds. Dermatology Associates of Wisconsin redeveloped a brownfield in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, with $310,000 in state funds.
While greenfield sites have their appeal, they can also be problematic. An indicator of urban or commercial sprawl, they tend to lie on or beyond the outskirts of town - far from highways, restaurants, and other services - and lengthen commutes. They typically require infrastructure installation. There are also environmental concerns. Why develop fresh, green space when you can move onto an existing brownfield site? And the PR flip is huge: tear up a meadow, field, or wetland, causing bad feelings in the community, versus redeveloping a blighted area that invigorates the community and adds local jobs, creating positive sentiments for the project.

Brownfields are existing properties whose redevelopment is compromised by hazardous substances, contaminants, or other toxic materials. Identifying the type and extent of contamination can be tricky and expensive, making most contaminated properties unattractive for redevelopment and expansion. Potential buyers especially worry about the possibility of civil penalties and costly cleanup efforts under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA).

Nonetheless, remediating and reinvesting in these properties protects the environment, reduces community blight, and takes development pressure off green space and working lands.

"Brownfield programs take properties that once had a viable use and restore their productivity, create jobs, and increase the local tax base," says Tony Hozeny, communications director for the Wisconsin Department of Commerce. "Brownfields also tend to have established infrastructure, including roads, sewer, and power, as well as proximity to restaurants and other businesses."

Businesses should not underestimate the social value of developing brownfields, especially when other site selection factors are about equal for other considered properties.

"Brownfield redevelopment allows for economic recovery and re-energizes communities with new jobs, places to live and work, and entertainment centers," says Joseph Reidy, attorney and partner at Schottenstein Zox & Dunn, a Columbus, Ohio, law firm that specializes in brownfield redevelopment. "It's a great way to show commitment to a community."

For most companies, deciding on greenfield versus brownfield sites ultimately comes down to risk tolerance.

"From a corporate perspective, site selection is all about risk avoidance," says Buzz Canup, a site selection consultant and president of Canup & Associates. "Companies always want to minimize risk, whether it is related to market logistics, labor cost, or location. Brownfield sites are viewed as higher risk because they are less predictable. Some brownfields owned by investors are only cleaned up to a certain point. Others are still in some phase of identification and discovery. Any brownfield site that a company considers should be fully vetted. In my experience, there is typically some overriding factor that compels a client to choose a brownfield site."

Existing infrastructure often sways the decision. "For example, large, Tier 4 data centers don't require a large work force, so local labor not a huge issue," Canup says. "However, these centers do consume large amounts of electricity. A brownfield site that once hosted an operation that required a lot of electricity would be high interest to a new data center if there was still infrastructure in place that met their specific energy needs."

Because they are considered higher risk properties, brownfields can typically be purchased at below-market rates, sometimes marked down more than 50 percent. "Some recent projects have involved sites that were either donated by the prior owner or sold for $1," Reidy says.

Now millions of extra dollars are available from Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for brownfield redevelopment through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).
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