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Let $f$ be a real-valued function continuous on $[a,b]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$.
Suppose that $\lim_{x\rightarrow a}f'(x)$ exists.
Then, prove that $f$ is differentiable at $a$ and $f'(a)=\lim_{x\rightarrow a}f'(x)$.

It seems like an easy example, but a little bit tricky.
I'm not sure which theorems should be used in here.


Using @David Mitra's advice and @Pete L. Clark's notes
I tried to solve this proof. I want to know my proof is correct or not.

By MVT, for $h>0$ and $c_h \in (a,a+h)$ $$\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}=f'(c_h)$$
and $\lim_{h \rightarrow 0^+}c_h=a$.

Then $$\lim_{h \rightarrow 0^+}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}=\lim_{h \rightarrow 0^+}f'(c_h)=\lim_{h \rightarrow 0^+}f'(a)$$

But that's enough? I think I should show something more, but don't know what it is.

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The Mean Value Theorem is your friend. – David Mitra Dec 13 '12 at 14:10
Your phrasing is off. At the start, you want to say "Let $h>$. By the MVT, there is a $c_h\in(a,a+h)$... . Then say "Now note that $\lim_{h\rightarrow 0^+} c_h=a$. The only place where you might need to provide additional justification is the last equality in the last displayed equation. But this should be easy for you. – David Mitra Dec 14 '12 at 15:47
This is overkill and probably circular logic, but here it comes: This follows imediatelly from L'Hopital. – N. S. Aug 19 '15 at 4:50

Some hints:

Using the definition of derivative, you need to show that $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0^+} {f(a+h)-f(a)\over h } $$ exists and is equal to $\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a^+} f'(x)$.

Note that for $h>0$ the Mean Value Theorem provides a point $c_h$ with $a<c_h<a+h$ such that $$ {f(a+h)-f(a)\over h } =f'(c_h). $$

Finally, note that $c_h\rightarrow a^+$ as $h\rightarrow0^+$.

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Why not using l'Hôpital's theorem? It applies in this case. Of course its proof uses Cauchy's theorem, which is equivalent to the MVT. – egreg Apr 29 '13 at 12:06

The result is essentially Theorem 5.29 from my honors calculus notes. As I mention, I learned this result from Spivak's Calculus. I say "essentially" because the version discussed in my notes is for an interior point of an interval whereas your version is at an endpoint, but to prove the two-sided version you just make a one-sided argument twice, so it's really the same thing.

[And David Mitra is right: the proof uses the Mean Value Theorem and not much else.]

Added: Since we are talking about this result anyway: although I call it a "theorem of Spivak", this is not entirely serious -- the result is presumably much older than Michael Spivak. I am just identifying my (probably secondary) source. If someone knows a primary source, I'd be very happy to hear it.

Also it is of interest to ask what this result is used for. In my notes it isn't used for anything but is only a curiosity. I think Spivak does use it for something, though I forget what at the moment. Moreover a colleague of mine called my attention to this result in the context of, IIRC, Taylor's Theorem. Does anyone know of further applications?

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