review card set for unit 2 exam

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review card set for unit 2 exam
2013-03-01 20:01:41
vessels respiratory immune

review for A and P II exam #2
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  1. what happens when a cell gets sick?
    • 1. bacteria make their way into the cell
    • 2. proteins are floating around the cell
    • 3. the antigens are surface markers
    • 4. cell initiates M.H.C. proteins
  2. what does M.H.C stand for?
    Major Histo Compatibility Proteins
  3. what is the job of the MHC I?
    to present the antigen to the rest of the cell. It sacrifices itself so the cell can know about the antigen
  4. what is the macrophage's role when the cell becomes infected?
    it eats the pathogen then infuses it with lysosomes so it can be digested
  5. what organelle makes the MHC II?
    the endoplasmic reticulum
  6. what is MHC II's role with the infected cell?
    it says "don't kill me! kill all the other bacteria with the antigen!"
  7. how does MHC I display its "kill me" sign?
    it binds with a killer t-cell which increases the affinity for the MHC I proteins
  8. what class are the cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (killer t-cells) in?
  9. who are the co-stimulators for MHC I and C.D. 8?
    t cell receptors
  10. what is the role of the t cell receptors?
    they hang out on the surfaces of the t cells and they make combination keys to fight off the antigens
  11. what is the final step with the MHC I and C.D.8 with t cell receptor combination?
    the t cell receptors send out a signal that tells to only make the combination that fits the antigen
  12. what do the active t cells do?
    they bind to all the other infected junk and make memory t cells
  13. what do the memory t cells release?
    lymphotoxin and cytokine which in turn will set off the auto destruct button, hence causing a nuclear holocaust
  14. why do we make t memory cells?
    to keep the same combo of t cell receptors that way you wont keep getting sick from the same thing
  15. what class do the helper t cells fall into?
  16. true or false: C.D. 4 binds with MHC II  and the t cell receptor is their co stimulant?
  17. what are suppresor t cells?
    they work against the expansion of C.D.8 (killer t cells)
  18. name the five immunoglobulin classes
    • 1. Ig G
    • 2. Ig E
    • 3. Ig D
    • 4. Ig M
    • 5. Ig A
  19. tell me a fact about Ig G
    Ig G's are the  most common in the body
  20. tell me a fact about Ig E
    Ig E's attach to mast cells  and are filled with histamines. they are mediators of inflammation
  21. tell me a fact about Ig D?
    they are seen at the synthesization of inactive B cells
  22. tell me a fact about IgM
    IgM's are 1st secreted antibodies from a differentiated plasma cell. they are quickly altered to IgG's
  23. tell me a fact about IgA
    they are secreted in oil and sweat
  24. memorize this sequence
    allergen -> macrophage -> t helper cell -> B cell synthesis -> plasma cell -> IgE
  25. what do booster shots do for the body?
    they initiate a second response and the IgG takes off because of the memory cells

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