Some face bitter pill: Share drugs or abstain

The poor and the elderly often have to share medicine to afford it.

May 31, 2005|By Daniel Costello, Los Angeles Times

Family physician Mary Frank couldn't understand why one elderly patient with high blood pressure wasn't responding to his medication. She had been steadily increasing his dose, but his blood pressure remained unstable.

Finally, the man admitted he had been sharing his pills with his wife. He also would stop taking his medication a few days before his appointment, hoping his blood pressure would be higher so that he and his wife could then split a higher-dose drug.

But the practice put the couple at risk of a stroke or heart attack.

"This is not something people should take lightly. It's truly dangerous and frustrating," says Frank of Rohnert Park, Calif.

When it comes to prescription medications, many embrace the adage "share and share alike." Armed with good intentions and largely unaware of the dangers, they gladly hand over leftover antibiotics, asthma inhalers, antidepressants, insulin and pain pills. After all, if the drugs worked for them, then perhaps they'll help similarly suffering family members, friends or colleagues. And, considering the drugs' expense, throwing away excess, out-of-date or ineffective pills can seem like a waste.

Some consumers even appear to be sharing medications out of necessity. With the costs of drugs and medical care rising, they have trouble paying for their own prescriptions or the doctor visits required to obtain them.

Researchers say those most likely to share prescription drugs are the poor and the elderly, as well as family members who have a common chronic illness, such as diabetes.

"If you ask people why they are doing this, they say they have no other option," says Chien-Wen Tseng, an assistant professor at the University of Hawaii who has studied the ways people deal with rising prescription-drug prices. "To many of them, it's better than not taking the medication at all."

Such cost-saving tactics have not been extensively studied, but dozens of interviews with researchers, doctors, pharmacists and senior centers throughout the country suggest the problem is growing.

Moreover, the number of pills that can be shared is multiplying; almost half of Americans take a prescription drug, and 17 percent take three or more. The dangers of sharing medications may be overlooked, experts say, by a public overly confident of its ability to self-medicate -- a perception amplified by the dramatic rise in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising in recent years.

When AARP asked seniors last fall about sharing medications, about 4 percent of Medicare beneficiaries -- or nearly 1.7 million people -- said they had shared prescription medications with family and friends in the past year. By comparison, in a smaller 2002 study, the University of California, Los Angeles, found that 2 percent of people shared medications.

Doctors say many patients don't acknowledge sharing medications because they fear they're breaking the law -- in some cases they may be -- and many suspect the number may be higher.

Although no one tracks adverse events caused by drug sharing, adverse drug reactions overall are responsible for as much as 7 percent of hospital admissions. In some circumstances, sharing drugs can be extremely dangerous because one of the people taking the drug hasn't been seen by a physician to determine if he or she indeed needs the drug, what dosage would be appropriate, and whether allergic reactions are likely.

"It's possible that people are ending up in the hospital and even dying from [sharing prescriptions]," says Dr. Stephen Soumerai, director of drug-policy research at Harvard Medical School.


Dr. Yehuda Handelsman, an endocrinologist, estimates that 15 percent of his diabetes patients share diabetes drugs or other medications with family members to save on costs, something he saw only "rarely" a few years ago.

Internist David Alessi says he sees up to "several patients a month" who are sharing medications. Last month, a 42-year-old man came to his office after using his wife's leftover antibiotics from a foot infection to treat his sinus infection for two weeks. By the time the patient arrived, the infection had spread into his eye socket and showed signs of moving into his brain, a potentially deadly scenario. (He's now on an aggressive antibiotics regimen and is expected to survive.)

Teenagers also are likely to give and take others' medications. A report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2003 found that 20 percent of girls and 13.4 percent of boys share medications with friends, although cost wasn't usually the motivation. Many share sleeping pills and acne medication such as Accutane, the report found. Sharing Accutane is extremely worrisome; the drug is believed to cause birth defects, and girls and women of child-bearing age are supposed to take a birth-control pill while taking the medication.

The risks of prescription-sharing vary dramatically depending on the user and the medication.

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