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Blood Sugar (Glucose) Level

The blood sugar level or glucose leves and also known as serum glucose level is the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose can be measured in whole blood, serum, or plasma. There are two main methods to describing the concentrations of blood sugar level, by weight (in grams) and by molecular count (in moles). In both cases, the unit is usually modified by milli, micro or other prefix, and it is always "per" some volume, often a liter.

Normally, the blood glucose level is maintained or stay within narrow limits throughout the day about 4 to 8 mmol/L {millimoles/liter (in UK units)} or 70 to 150 mg/dL {milligrams/deciliter (in US units)}. But the blood glucose level are higher after meals and usually lowest in the morning.

The blood sugar levels increase slightly after eat and it will tightly regulated in the human body. Glucose, transported via the bloodstream to the body, is the primary source of energy for the body's cells. Blood glucose levels that remain high over time can damage human eyes (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), nerves (neuropathy), and blood vessels. It is also risk factor for the person to get cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack, hypertension, heart failure, stroke and problems caused by poor circulation, eg gangrene in the worst cases.

Failure to maintain blood glucose in the normal range leads to conditions of persistently high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia) blood sugar. Diabetes is typically diagnosed when fasting blood glucose levels are 126 mg/dl or higher.

  • Types of blood glucose test

  • - Fasting blood sugar (FBS). Its mean that the blood sugar level measures after someone have not eaten (fasting) for at least 8 hours. This is the first test to measure whether someone has diabetic or not with the normal amunt 4 to 7 mmol/l.

    - 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (PPBS). Blood sugar level measures exactly 2 hours after the person take his/her breakfast or eat a meal with the normal value less than 10mmol/l.

    - Random blood sugar (RBS). This is blood sugar test in the random time, measurements may be taken throughout the day. It is useful because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely throughout the day. RBS test also called a casual blood glucose test, If the level of sugar is between 140 mg/dL and 200 mg/dL, It is diagnosed as prediabetes. If the level of sugar exceeds 200 mg/dL, then it is diagnosed as diabetes.

    - Oral glucose tolerance test. This test is to diagnosed Gestational Diabetes which occurs during pregnancy in order to determine prediabetes and diabetes. It is the process of taking a series of blood glucose measurements after the pregnan women drinks a sweet liquid that contains a high quantity of glucose. The normal level is should be less than 140 mg/dL, more than that but lower than 199 mg/dL called prediabetes. Otherwise if the result more than 200 mg/dl diagnosed as diabetes.

    There are many kind of blood glucose meter that sell on the market such as Elite, Accu-Chek, BCJ Group, Accurate, OneTouch UltraEasy machine, ect. If you interest to buy one of them, choose which one blood glucose meter that easy to use for you.

    Note : To convert mmol/l of glucose to mg/dl, multiply by 18.


    Anonymous Anonymous said...

    Sadly this none of this is BS – it’s a great solution for many people. I was diagnosed as a type one diabetic over 20 years ago, but thankfully I’ve been one of the lucky ones, my BSL control is usually pretty stable and being a motoring-inclined kinda guy I make sure to check my blood sugar levels before getting behind the wheel, but not everyone is so lucky. I know people who crash into severe hyoglycemia with minimal warning, despite good eating and exercise regimes.

    To top it off, my own (parked) car was run into by a driver who had slipped into dangerously low blood sugar territory. Thankfully they were unharmed, but this is exactly the kind of device that could’ve stopped just such an incident.
    Your point about insulin pumps is a good one though J&H, the prohibitive cost is keeping them out of the hands of people who need them most and before expensive in-car tech with a slow take-up, affordable pumping/monitoring should be made available to the masses.


    August 12, 2011 at 5:50 PM  

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