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Understanding Dementia

Senior female comforting senior male.


Symptoms of dementia


  • Memory loss, including trouble with directions and familiar tasks



  • Changes in behavior and personality

How dementia affects the brain

The brain controls all the workings of the mind and body. Some parts of the brain control memory and language. Other parts control movement and coordination. With dementia, nerve cells in the brain are gradually damaged or destroyed. Why this happens is not yet clear. But over time, parts of the brain begin to shrink (atrophy). This often starts in the part of the brain that controls memory, reasoning, and personality. Other parts of the brain may not be affected until much later in the illness.

The stages of dementia


  • Early stage. A person may seem forgetful, confused, or have changes in behavior. However, he or she may still be able to handle most tasks without help.


  • Late stage. Dementia can cause severe problems with memory, judgment, and other skills. Help is needed with nearly every aspect of daily life.

Treating dementia

Right now, there’s no cure for dementia. But with proper care, many people can live comfortably for years: 

  • Medicines are a key part of treatment. Some types can help slow the progression of symptoms, such as memory loss. Others can help ease mood, behavior, and sleep problems. These medicines work for some people but not all.


  • Regular healthcare provider visits help keep track of symptoms and overall health.

  • The sleep-wake cycle can be mixed up in people with dementia. They may function better being up at nighttime and sleeping during the daytime.  

  • Social interactions are important to maintain.  
