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So this is just an ordinary beta decay process and this carbon fourteen's half life is way way way too short for any carbon to just kind of exist naturally in the atmosphere, you'd think, not quite right. So that mean that 1.3 times 10 to the -12 carbon 14 atoms, exist for each and every carbon 12 atom in nature. So you'd think that if you got this 1.3 times 10 to the -12 carbon 14 atoms for each carbon 12 atom at some time, well then 5700 years later, half of the carbon 14 will have decayed. But in fact what happens is, cosmic rays from the sun interact with the upper atmosphere and they actually create carbon 14, at this rate so that in equilibrium, 1.3 times 10 to the -12 carbon 14 atoms will exist for every carbon 12 atom. It's no longer replenishing its carbon 14 supply. This is our standard radioactive decay formula, always works.Because argon is an inert gas, it is not possible that it might have been in the mineral when it was first formed from molten magma.Any argon present in a mineral containing potassium-40 must have been formed as the result of radioactive decay.Now one thing that it's important to keep in mind about carbon dating is that this is a really small number. The abundance, the natural abundance is already very small. You can usually date something that's under about 40 or 50,000 years old using this technique. So if something's been dead for longer than a few carbon 14 half lives, there's not enough carbon 14 left to measure it accurately enough to really say for sure how long the thing's been dead. We designate a specific group of atoms by using the term "nuclide." A nuclide refers to a group of atoms with specified atomic number and mass number.Potassium-Argon dating: The element potassium (symbol K) has three nuclides, K39, K40, and K41. K40 can decay in two different ways: it can break down into either calcium or argon.F, the fraction of K40 remaining, is equal to the amount of potassium-40 in the sample, divided by the sum of potassium-40 in the sample plus the calculated amount of potassium required to produce the amount of argon found. In spite of the fact that it is a gas, the argon is trapped in the mineral and can't escape.(Creationists claim that argon escape renders age determinations invalid.The formula for the fraction remaining is one-half raised to the power given by the number of years divided by the half-life (in other words raised to a power equal to the number of half-lives).If we knew the fraction of a radioactive element still remaining in a mineral, it would be a simple matter to calculate its age by the formula To determine the fraction still remaining, we must know both the amount now present and also the amount present when the mineral was formed.


  1. Radiometric dating is a means of determining the "age" of a mineral specimen by determining the relative amounts present of certain radioactive elements. By "age" we mean the. If we knew the fraction of a radioactive element still remaining in a mineral, it would be a simple matter to calculate its age by the formula

  2. Suppose we model the growth or decline of a population with the following differential equation. That is, the rate of. Let's solve this equation for y. dy/dt = k y. radiocarbon dating. The bombardment of the upper atmosphere by cosmic. rays converts bitrogen to a radioactive isotope of carbon, C-14, with a half. life of about.

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