conférence du PEV – vendredi 25 mars 2016

tortue2016A turtle view of genome evolution and sex determination

Nicole Valenzuela, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA

Vendredi 25 mars 2016, 11 h 30, amphi Monge



Why do organisms vary so remarkably in the ways they produce males and females? Sexually-reproducing organisms employ diverse mechanisms to produce males and females, ranging from systems under strict genetic control (GSD) [such as highly dimorphic or undifferentiated sex chromosomes (XY, ZW)], to systems under strict environmental control dependent [such as those dependent on temperature (TSD) as is commonly found in reptiles and fish]. The evolution of this diversity has defied scientific explanation and to answer this question it is essential that we understand its ecological context, mechanics, and evolutionary patterns. This talk will showcase research conducted to illuminate the molecular basis of TSD in turtles and how it differs from GSD, as well as research on the causes and consequences of chromosome evolution. This includes studies of the genetic and epigenetic regulation of turtle sexual development, the evolution of turtle genome organization into chromosomes and its association with climate change, and the evolution of sex chromosomes and the genes they contain.