Careers, Jobs and Education Resources for: Estonia

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Economic Overview

Estonia, a 2004 european union entrant, has a modern market-based economy and one of the highest per capita income levels in central europe. the economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with finland, sweden, and germany. the current government has pursued relatively sound fiscal policies, resulting in balanced budgets and low public debt. in 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on estonia's currency, which is pegged to the euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries.

Environmental Issues

Air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations

Government Type

Parliamentary republic


1,307,605 (july 2008 est.)


Eastern europe, bordering the baltic sea and gulf of finland, between latvia and russia


Total: 45,226 sq km land: 43,211 sq km water: 2,015 sq km note: includes 1,520 islands in the baltic sea

Slightly smaller than new hampshire and vermont combined

Country Aliases

Conventional long form: republic of estonia conventional short form: estonia local long form: eesti vabariik local short form: eesti former: estonian soviet socialist republic


Name: tallinn geographic coordinates: 59 26 n, 24 43 e time difference: utc+2 (7 hours ahead of washington, dc during standard time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last sunday in march; ends last sunday in october

Military Service

Compulsory military service for men between 19 and 28; conscription lasts 11 months for junior ncos and reserve platoon leaders; reserve officers and designated specialists have a different conscript service obligation; estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men up to 2010 and, unlike latvia and lithuania, has no plan to transition to a contract armed forces; 17 years of age for volunteers; reserve commitment up to the age of 60 (2006)

International Disputes

Russia recalled its signature to the 1996 technical border agreement with estonia in 2005, rather than concede to estonia's appending prepared a unilateral declaration referencing soviet occupation and territorial losses; russia demands better accommodation of russian-speaking population in estonia; estonian citizen groups continue to press for realignment of the boundary based on the 1920 tartu peace treaty that would bring the now divided ethnic setu people and parts of the narva region within estonia; as a member state that forms part of the eu's external border, estonia must implement the strict schengen border rules with russia

Sources: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

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