FDI can be defined as a cross border investment, where foreign assets are invested into the organizations of the domestic market excluding the investment in stock. It brings private funds from overseas into products or services. The domestic company in which foreign currency is invested is usually being controlled by the investing foreign company. Eg. An American company taking major stake in a company in India. Their ROI is based on the performance of the project.


In the past decades, FDI was concerned only with highly industrialized countries. US was the worlds largest recipient of FDI during 2006 with an investment of 184 million from OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. France, Greece, Iceland, Poland, Slovak Republic, Switzerland and Turkey also have a positive record in FDI investments. Now, during the course of time, FDI has become a vital part in every country more particularly with the developing countries. This is because of the following reasons:


         Availability of cheap labor.

         Uninterrupted availability of raw material.

         Less production cost compared with other developed countries.

         Quick and easy market penetration.


FDI in the Retail sector:


Retailing is one of the worlds largest private industry. Liberalizations in FDI have caused a massive restructuring in retail industry. The benefit of FDI in retail industry superimposes its cost factors. Opening the retail industry to FDI will bring forth benefits in terms of advance employment, organized retail stores, availability of quality products at a better and cheaper price. It enables a countrys product or service to enter into the global market.

              Cheaper production facilities:

FDI will ensure better operations in production cycle and distribution. Due to economies of operation, production facilities will be available at a cheaper rate thereby resulting in availability of variety products to the ultimate consumers at a reasonable and lesser price.


              Availability of new technology:

FDI enables transfer of skills and technology from overseas and develops the infrastructure of the domestic country. Greater managerial talent inflow from other countries is made possible. Domestic consumers will benefit getting great variety and quality products at all price points.


              Long term cash liquidity:

FDI will provide necessary capital for setting up organized retail chain stores. It is a long term investment because unlike equity capital, the physical capital invested in the domestic company is not easily liquidated.