By 1917, Russia faced several challenges. The country was fighting Germany in World War I (1914–18). Russia was also short of food and fuel for the cold winter. In the capital city of Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), angry people protested the hard conditions. The army joined the protesters instead of stopping them. Tsar Nicholas II had to give up all power. This was called the February Revolution.

A committee of the Duma appointed a temporary…

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