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This error is related to cross-referencing. It appears when you use the same label multiple times for different objects, causing LaTeX to get confused when \ref{...} is used.

[edit] Common Causes

Same label used multiple times:

The most basic example of such an error is simply giving the same label to different objects as shown below

\section{Section 1}

Here, both the image (image.jpg) and the section (Section 1) have been labelled as algebra, causing LaTeX to get confused as to which one to reference when \ref{algebra} is used. This will lead to an error as shown below


There were multiply-defined labels.

To resolve this, rename one of the labels to something else.