Phonetics is the systematic study of speech and the sounds of language. Traditionally phoneticians rely on careful listening and observation in order to describe speech sounds. In doing this, a phonetician refers to a classificatory framework for speech sounds which is based on how they are made and on aspects of the auditory impression they make. The best known such framework is that of the International Phonetic Association. Much of our knowledge of the sounds of the world's languages comes from this kind of description, which is still an important aspect of phonetics today. ---British Association of Academic Phoneticians.

Phonetics - Phonology - English Pronunciation - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira
Phonetics, Linguistics - Photo: illustration

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The two classes of sounds







Nasal vowel / Oral vowel

Previous Vowel / Later Vowel

Rounded vowel / Unrounded vowel

Open vowel / Closed vowel

Place or point of articulation


Interdental consonants

Interdentals are consonants for which the flow of air is restricted by catching the tongue between the teeth. Interdentals may be voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the consonant) or voiceless (vocal cords not vibrating during the articulation of the consonant). There are two interdentals in Present-Day English.

1. /q/ (the phoneme spelled th in thistle): voiceless interdental fricative.

2. /ð/ (the phoneme spelled th in this): voiced interdental fricative.

Phonetics - Interdental consonants - English Pronunciation - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira
The parts of the human vocal apparatus
that are relevant to the description of English phonemes

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