


(e.g., Which president initially refused to release tapes of White House recordings? Answer: Richard Nixon.)

Freshman level

1. On Dec. 1, 1955, she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. 2. This famous boxer refused to serve in the U.S. Army in Vietnam. 3. He refused to remain as king without the help and support of the woman he loved.

Graduate level

4. He refused to surrender with the reply, "I have not yet begun to fight." 5. What was Gen. Anthony McAuliffe's one-word reply to a German surrender ultimatum? 6. What did Ida Straus refuse to do without her husband on April 15, 1912?

Ph.d. level

7. What did John Dickinson refuse to sign in 1776? 8. This lord chancellor refused to accept the annulment of King Henry VIII's marriage. 9. He declined the 1964 Nobel Prize for Literature.


1. Rosa Parks. 2. Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay). 3. Edward VIII (Duke of Windsor). 4. John Paul Jones. 5. "Nuts." 6. Board a lifeboat on the Titanic. 7. The Declaration of Independence. 8. Thomas More. 9. Jean-Paul Sartre.

