Nikolayevsk Incident

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Coordinates: 53°08′N 140°44′E﻿ / ﻿53.13333°N 140.73333°E﻿ / 53.13333; 140.73333

Nikolayevsk-on-Amur in 1900.

The Nikolayevsk Incident (尼港事件 Niko Jiken?) was a series of several events during the Russian Civil War. They happened between February and March 1920. It ended with the killing of many Japanese people in Russia and most of the Russians living in the town Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. Nikolayevsk-on-Amur is in the far eastern section of Russia.[1]

In September 1918, the town held the people of Imperial Japanese Army, which was part of the Siberian Intervention. Early in February 1920, the town had about 450 people who were not in the Imperial Japanese Army. There were also about 350 people who were part of the 14th division of the Imperial Japanese Army. The Russian "White Army" also had about 300 members in Nikolayevsk. Roughly 15,000 civilians also lived in Nikolayevsk. In January 1920, the town had been surrounded by an army of four thousand controlled by Yakov Triapitsyn, who was allied with the Red Army.[2]

On February 24, the commander of the Japanese Army's people in Nikolayevsk realized that there were too many foreign troops, so he allowed Triapitsyn's troops to enter the town under a flag of truce. However, Triapitsyn began rounding up all of his forces and deploying White Army supporters, the only force cooperating, the small Japanese garrison. He then demanded that the Japanese garrison disarm–remove all their weapons they are holding, sure that the small Japanese force would not agree with his request.

The Japanese then had an unexpected attack on 12 March. However, the attack was unsuccessful, and most people in the Japanese Army died. The few who survived did not stop the attack until they were ordered by the Japanese high command.[1] Triapitsyn decided to attack the remaining Japanese troops, which helped capture the Japanese garrison and deaths of all but 122 Japanese non-army members. In all, about 700 people died.[3]

Triapitsyn decided to terrorize and kill any civilians he felt were a danger to his forces. The other way to execute those who he only injured was to stab them with a bayonet and throw them into a hole in the Amur River. Using this method, Triapitsyn and his army killed thousands of people in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. In late May, as other Japanese people were coming to help, Triapitsyn killed everyone living in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur–Japanese or Russian–and burned the town to the ground.[4]

The Japanese government protested to the Bolshevik government in Moscow, demanding compensation for the execution of all the residents in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. The government of Russia responded by murdering Triapitsyn; however, the Japanese government felt that this didn't make up for what had happened. Japan used this as an excuse to have it residents live in Sakhalin island, where they remained till 1925.[4]

References[change | change source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Gutman, A.Ya. (1993). "The Destruction of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur: An Episode in The Russian Civil War in the Far East, 1920". Cambridge Journals (Limestone Press): 73–75. Archived from the original on April 5, 2011.
  2. Hara, Teruyuki 1975. Niko Jiken no Shomondai (Problems in the incident at Nikolaevsk-na-Amure) Roshiashi Kekyuu, #23
  3. Gutman, Anatoly. Ella Lury Wiswell (trans.); Richard A. Pierce (ed.) 1993. The Destruction of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, An Episode in the Russian Civil War in the Far East, 1920. Limestone Press. ISBN 0-919642-35-7
  4. 4.0 4.1 White, John Albert. 1950. The Siberian Intervention. Princeton University Press.