Wednesday, April 25, 2012

Vast Structure of Milky Way’s Satellite Galaxies is a Problem for Dark Matter.

Astronomers have now found that the Milky Way’s various satellite objects are actually distributed in roughly a plane at a right angle to the galactic disk in a huge structure extending 33,000 – 1,000,000 light years from galaxies centre. Astronomers were not only baffled by how well the distributions of differing types of objects agreed but have shown that material being lost by these objects forms long streams along their paths that are aligned with this plane of satellite objects showing that this structure is stable.

The alternative explanation is that these satellite galaxies and clusters formed together in a single event suggesting that, a collision of two galaxies. However all this indicates that dark matter does not exist destroying this a central tenant of the standard cosmological model.


Saturday, April 21, 2012

Dinosaurs and the Bible

Dinosaurs and the Bible is an e-nook on the Bible and dinosaurs. It  show how dinosaurs are actually mentioned in the bible but scientifc evidencethat  suggests that they have lived with man and the some may still be alive today.

The Double Slit Experiment and reality

The double slit experiment has its bases in the wave/particle duality of subatomic particles. What is so amazing about it is that over the years it has produced results that are among the strangest in quantum mechanics. It is the king of quantum weirdness being the strangest in science. These srainge results tell us alot about the nature. The original double silt experiment used photons of light, but later versions used electrons but the results are the same The double slit experiment is actually responsible for starting Quantum Physics.





Saturday, April 14, 2012

Earth Size Planets in Red Dwarf Habitable Zone are Like Venus

The Earth in the midel of our sun’s habitable zone this is the range of distances around a star at which planets can have liquid water on their surface. Astronomers have found that about 40% of red dwarfs have approximately Earth size planets orbiting them and that many of these are within the stars habitable zone. This fact has lead to suggestions that these planet could have life on them. However a new study shows that tidal forces may dry out Earth size planets orbiting within a red dwarf “habitable zones” making them more like Venus than Earth and therefore hostile to life.

Red dwarfs are cooler and fainter than the sun so as a reult a planet orbiting within a red dwarf's “habitable zones” would be  closer to the star than the Earth is to the Sun. This also means that such planets would have a very strong tidal force with the star so that if the planet is not in a perfectly circular orbit it would get stretched and squeezed as this pull changes during the planets orbit heating the planet up. As result a planet with liquid water orbiting a star whose mass is less than 1/3 that of the sun would get so hot that its water would evaporate. The light from the star would split the water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen. The Hydrogen would escape into space and the oxygen would combine with carbon to form carbon dioxide thus producing a Venus like planet.

The result is that so called Earth like planets orbiting red dwarf stars are hardly Earth like. These planets are more like Venus and totally hostile to life. This study showsfurther evidience of how unique our solar system and the Earth are.


Friday, April 13, 2012

Dusty Disc Found Around Nearby Star thought to smashed comets

Fomalhaut is a star twice as massivea as our Sun and 25 light years away. The IRAS infrared satellite had found evidence of that the star was surrounded by large amounts of dust about 30 years ago. Now ESA's Herschel Space Observatory now has produced a higher resolution image of the star and its dust disk. It shows the star to be surrounded by hot dust and gas, but also that it has has a dusty belt of material at the outer fringes of the star system. This belt is lacated over 100 times AU's from the star making it very cold, with a temperature of about -200 Celsius. Consisting of about water ice the Fomalhaut icy dust belt forms a narrow off-centre ring with respect to Fomalhaut suggesting the presence of planets orbiting close to it or as suggested by the 2004-2006 Hubble imaging of a planet orbiting on the edge of the ring.

Based the disk's affect on starlight the grains have been found to be as small grains a few thousandths of a millimeter across. Along with the Hubble image suggesting larger particles indicates fluffy dust grains consisting of small particles stuck loosely together forming the larger ones. However these fluffy grains should have been blown away by the light pressure from Fomalhaut. The explanation proposed by astronomers is that continuous collisions and disintegration of larger asteroid-sized comets re-supplies the small particles. The dificulty is that re-supplying the large amount of dust observed requires the destruction of 2,000 1km across comets every day. Maintaining that many collisions per day requires trillions of comets to be orbiting inside the ring.

The flaw in this conclusion is that there seems to be no indication of these trillions of comets in the data. The claim that this dust is the result of thousands of dally comet collisions is based on two assumptions.The first is the age if the star. If Fomalhaut is actually considerably younger then generally thought then this dust would not require re-supplying.The second assumption is that this dust is a result of the stars formation from a larger dust cloud. If this dust came from a planet breaking up or evaporating from internal heat; a model supported by the 2004-2006 Hubble image of Fomalhaut showing a planet on the edge of the ring..

Astronomers analysing this data started with these two assumptions and there fore did not consider the other options. The result is a need for a minimum of a thousand of dally collisions of unobserved comets. That come to about 42 collisions an hour or about one collision every 87 second. This is an amazingly high collision rate. Even if this theory is true is presents a problem for planet formation theory since it shows that larger peaces material in these dust clouds tend to get broken up as opposed to forming new planet.
Dusty Disc Found Around Nearby Star