Monday, 27 May 2013

500 IELTS Vocabulary-4

/'li:g(ə)l/ a.
created by, permitted by law; according to the law of works

/'lɛdʒɪsleɪt/ v.
make laws; create or pass laws
He did his best to legislate from the bench and we'll be living with his opinions for the rest of our lives.

/'lɛvɪ/ v. Syn. impose; collect
impose fine or tax; collect payment
Crying "No taxation without representation," the colonists demonstrated against England's power to levy taxes.

His views may be not agreeable to the liberal political mainstream.

/'laɪkwaɪz/ ad. Syn. similarly
similarly; as well; too
Dostam has a record of switching sides when convenient, and there are many supporters who would do likewise.

/lɪŋk/ v.
be or become joined or united; connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces
After a whole day shopping, the travelers will link up again at the airport.

/loʊ'keɪt/;/'loʊkeɪt/ v. Syn. find; monitor; settle
find; monitor; settle; determine or specify the position or limits o
It will also develop techniques to locate and tap underground water reservoirs.

/'lɒdʒɪk/ n.
reasoned and reasonable judgment; a system of reasoning
Your paper lacks the logic to prove your thesis.

/meɪn'teɪn/ v. Syn. support; sustain
What we are actually trying to maintain is never ending growth.

/'meɪdʒə(r)/ a.
greater in number, quantity, or extent; more important
We have met with major problems in the project and they will be addressed as schedule.

/mə'nɪpjʊleɪt/ v. Syn. maneuver; control
Meanwhile, greed and vanity, using lies and fear, will once again manipulate ignorance and resentment.

/'mænjʊəl/ n. Syn. guide book
guide book; hand-operated
Three workers at the plant followed an illegal manual and caused a nuclear reaction late last month.

/'mɑrdʒɪn/ n. Syn. border; rim; room
border; rim; room
In the lower house, they will have an even bigger margin.

/mə'tjʊə(r)/;/mə'tʊər/ v.
develop and reach maturity; grow old or older
I need to mature my thoughts in future college years.

/'mæksɪmaɪz/ v. Syn. maximize
make as big or large as possible
Glass shelves help maximise light in a small bathroom.

/'mɛkənɪz(ə)m/ n. Syn. device; machine
device; machine; the technical aspects of doing something
On the key issue of land rights, it called for a mechanism to study ancestral links to the land.

/'mi:dɪə/ n. Syn. medium; television; newspaper

/'mi:dɪeɪt/ v. Syn. negotiate
resolve or settle differences by working with all conflicting parties
King Solomon was asked to mediate a dispute between two women, each of whom claimed to be the mother of the same child.

/'mi:dɪəm/ n.
state that is intermediate between extremes
Certainly Shostakovich was lucky to work in a wordless abstract medium, where interpretation is strongly subjective.

/'mɛnt(ə)l/ a.
involving mind or intellectual process; affected by disorder of mind
All doctors agreed this is a mental patient.

/'mɛθəd/ n. Syn. manner; way; mode
orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doing anything
She told us a simple method for making a pie crust.

/maɪ'greɪt/;/'maɪgreɪt/ v.
move from one country or region to another and settle there
Many Germans chose to migrate to South America in the mid-19th century.

/'mɪlɪtərɪ/;/-tɛrɪ/ a. Syn. soldiery; militia
In some countries all the young men have to do a year's military service.

/'mɪnɪm(ə)l/ a.
the fewest; the least possible
In order to make it work, you need a certain minimal area of collective surface.

/'mɪnɪmaɪz/ v. Syn. minimize
Some of them wish only to minimise the number of abortions performed, others will be satisfied with nothing less than reducing the number to zero regardless of the consequences.

/'mɪnɪməm/ a.
the smallest possible quantity

/'mɪnɪstrɪ/ n.
The ministry has tried to develop a management strategy this year but it has not been implemented because of scarce resources.

/'maɪnə(r)/ a.
These two books had minor differences, reading one of them is enough.

/moʊd/ n. Syn. manner; method; style
The main mode is the regular one that keeps the vehicle's straight ahead motion in check.

/'mɒdɪfaɪ/ v. Syn. alter; change
alter; change

/'mɒnɪtə(r)/ v. Syn. observe; watch; locate
observe; watch; keep an eye on

/'moʊtɪv/ n. Syn. intention; purpose
Pat's main motive is to keep the racial divide alive.

/'mju:tjʊəl/ a. Syn. interactive; shared
common to or shared by two or more parties; shared
The main thrust is to make progress on practical issues - with mutual trade and business at the top of the agenda.

/nɪ'geɪt/ v. Syn. nullify; deny
cancel out; make ineffective or invalid; deny

/'nɛtwɜrk/ n.
any system of lines or channels crossing like the fabric of a net; complex, interconnected group or system
At USA the network of railroads hasn't increased in past decades.

impartial; not supporting one side over another
Edwards will remain neutral until after "Super Tuesday", then he will endorse Hillary.

/nɛvəðə'lɛs/ ad.
not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet
There was no label this time with the words "DRINK ME," but nevertheless she uncorked it and put it to her lips.

/nʌnðə'lɛs/ ad.
anyway; however
India hasn't been as successful, but the U.N. says it is nonetheless on track to cut its poverty rate from 51 percent in 1990 to 24 percent in 2015.

/nɔ:m/ n. Syn. convention; standard; rule
convention; standard; rule
This was revoked after the scandals of the clean hands bribery scandal which caused a political earthquake at the time in a country where it had become the norm for businessmen to bribe politicians, but now it is back to square one.

/'noʊʃ(ə)n/ n. Syn. idea; conception
general or universal conception; belief or opinion

/nɒtwɪð'stændɪŋ/ ad.
nevertheless; in spite of
The danger of a third world war, present appearances notwithstanding, is not imminent.

/'nju:klɪə(r)/;/'nu:-/ a. Syn. atomic
of, relating to, or forming a nucleus of an atom; pertaining to, or using nuclear weapons
The resolution states that CPS Energy should invest further in nuclear energy.

/əb'dʒɛktɪv/ a. Syn. fair
not influenced by emotions; having actual existence or reality

/əb'teɪn/ v. Syn. acquire; get; procure; derive
get hold of; gain possession of; acquire, in any way
Congress exceeded its constitutional authority by requiring that all Americans obtain health insurance or pay a tax penalty.

/'ɒbvɪəs/ a. Syn. evident; apparent
exposed; easily discovered; plain

/'ɒkjʊpaɪ/ v. Syn. inhabit
inhabit; live in a certain place; be present in; be inside of
Interestingly, many other Great War memorials also occupy busy.

/ə'kɜr(r)/ v. Syn. happen
take place; be found to exist ; come to one's mind

/ɒd/ a. Syn. bizarre; strange; unusual
not easily explained; beyond from the usual or expected; not divisible by two
It is odd that his name is never mentioned.

/'ɒfsɛt/;/'ɔ:fsɛt/ v.
counterbalance, counteract, or compensate for; balance
He raised his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.

/'ɒngoʊɪŋg/ a.
continuous; existing
Now, don't forget on top of that you've still got the day-to-day waste being generated so it's an ongoing problem.

act of choosing; power or freedom to choose
The Euro made its debut in the financial markets three years ago and it has been an option for any non-cash transaction ever since.

/'ɔ:rɪənt/ v. Syn. direct; guide; lead
focus toward; determine position with reference to another point; locate to face the east
Philip spent his first day in Denver to orient the telescope toward the moon.

/'aʊtkʌm/ n. Syn. result; effect
result; end or consequence; result of a random trial
South Africa praised the outcome of the election as another indication of Africa's growing commitment to multi-party democracy.

/'aʊtpʊt/ n. Syn. production; product
Oman's oil output is not as high as some of its neighbors.

/oʊvər'ɔ:l/ a. Syn. general; comprehensive
They are beginning the assessment of the overall need for reconstruction and rehabilitation.

/oʊvə'læp/ n.
representation of common ground between two things; extend over and cover a part of
He warned of the potential for gap, overlap and duplication.

/oʊvə'si:z/ ad.
beyond or across the sea; abroad
He lived overseas for many years.

The Constitutional Court, a senior panel of judges often accused of siding with Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, has voted to annul his third election victory, according to one of the judges.

/'pærədaɪm/ n. Syn. model; example; pattern
one that serves as a pattern or model; system of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality
Pavlov's experiment in which he trains a dog to salivate on hearing a bell is a paradigm of the conditioned-response experiment in behavioral psychology.

/'pærəgrɑrf/;/'pærəgræf/ n.
After you read the next paragraph, you'll be offered the choice of three possible decisions.

/'pærəlɛl/ n. Syn. similarity; analogy
make or place something to another's side; of or relating to multiple operations at same time; not intersecting
Parallel processing is very common in today's computer.

/pə'ræmɪtə(r)/ n.
characteristic or feature that distinguishes something from others
Security's critical parameter is the ratio of workers to retirees.

/pɑr'tɪsɪpeɪt/ v.
take part in something; share in something
Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion.

/'pɑrtnə(r)/ n.
person who is a member of a partnership; associate who works with others toward a common goal
She has a live-in partner, is 39 years old, and has three children.

/'pæsɪv/ a. Syn. compliant; inactive
lacking in energy or will; peacefully resistant in response to injustice
Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resistance as he felt that it was more effective than violence.

/pə'si:v/ v. Syn. sense; detect
become aware of through the senses; detect

/pə'sɛnt/ n.
out of each hundred; per hundred; one part in a hundred
She has invested a large percent of her salary.

/'pɪərɪəd/ n.
duration, continuance, term; end of something
Death put a period to his endeavors.

/pə'sɪst/ v. Syn. continue; insist; persevere
continue; insist; persevere
Why, when studies show that cell phone use, and especially texting, while driving impairs drivers more than drinking, do so many people persist in combining these lethal behaviors?

/pə'spɛktɪv/ n. Syn. viewpoint; view
appearance of things; view, outlook, or vista
An essential fact that should put the debate in perspective is that Mary was released after less than four months.

/feɪz/ n. Syn. stage; moment
any distinct time period in a sequence of events; stage
But there's far less consensus on how much the EU might be willing to pay towards reconstruction in a post-war phase, now that it's clear that a conflict will not have United Nations approval.

/fɪ'nɒmɪnən/;/-nɒn-/ n.
appearance; anything visible, in matter or spirit; extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence
International terrorism is not just a recent phenomenon.

/fɪ'lɒsəfɪ/ n.
body of highest truth; investigation of nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning

/'fɪzɪk(ə)l/ a.
relating to the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
Because you know, every intelligent person knows, that the physical is the basis for the mental and the moral.

/plʌs/ a.
involving advantage or good; on the positive side or higher end of a scale
This company controls main gas resource plus many of the pipelines that supply it to Europe.

/'pɒlɪsɪ/ n.
settled method of government to administer; system of public or official administration
His overall Latin American policy is just as troubling so no country welcomes his visiting until now.

/'pɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. Syn. part; section; segment
The largest portion would go into the players' pockets, but the package included payments into a players' pension account and a donation to selected charities.

/poʊz/ v.
pretend to be someone you are not; assume a posture as for artistic purposes
We don't know the woman who pose for Leonardo so often.

/'pɒzɪtɪv/ a.
involving advantage or good ; greater than zero; very sure; confident
An executive involved in the meetings told that Mrs. Bush plans to write a positive book with a minimum of criticism.

/pə'tɛnʃ(ə)l/ a. Syn. possible; latent
existing in possibility; expected to become or be
The volume of unconventional gas isn't significant on a U. K. wide scale, supplying enough electricity for only 1,200 homes, but the potential is there, analysts say.

/præk'tɪʃənə(r)/ n.
someone engaged in a profession as law, medicine
The difference between the student and the practitioner is the difference between applying memory and application of judgement.

/prɪ'si:d/ v. Syn. antecede
come before; antecede
Most English adjectives precede the noun they modify.

/prɪ'saɪs/ a. Syn. exact; accurate
exact; clearly expressed; accurate or correct
How exactly, in precise detail, will he bring about this supposed unity?

/prɪ'dɪkt/ v. Syn. forecast; foretell
We're not trying to predict which markets will all of a sudden have double-digit growth in home prices.

/prɪ'dɒmɪnənt/ a. Syn. principal; dominant; overpowering
most frequent or common; having superior power and influence
The predominant mood among policy-makers is optimism.

/prɪ'lɪmɪnərɪ/;/-nɛrɪ/ a. Syn. initial; introductory; preparatory
prior to or preparing for the main matter; introductory
According to preliminary, unofficial figures, a large majority, some 84 percent, voted in favor.

/prɪ'zju:m/;/-zu:m/ v. Syn. suppose
take for granted as true in absence of proof; venture without authority
We are asked to presume that she is innocent.

/'pri:vɪəs/ a.
existing or occurring before something else
That brings the total number of storms to 26, roundly beating the previous record of 21, set 70 years ago.

/'praɪmərɪ/ a. Syn. principal; prime; fundamental
of first rank or importance or value; essential or basic
Many ordinary Iraqis appreciated that the primary UN role was humanitarian.

/praɪm/ a. Syn. primary; principal; chief
first in excellence, quality, or value; at the best stage; peak; first in degree or rank; chief
Jordan tonight announced that his group arrested the prime suspect in last week's rocket attack.

/'prɪnsɪp(ə)l/ a. Syn. chief; main
highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree
Lots of the principal people gathered around the king, to let him see they was on his side.

/'prɪnsɪp(ə)l/ n.
basic truth or law or assumption; rule or law of nature; rule of personal conduct
This decision was based on principle rather than expediency.

/'praɪə(r)/ a. Syn. former; antecedent; anterior; previous
preceding in the order of time; former; previous
All the arrangements should have been completed prior to our departure.

/praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ/;/-ɔ:r-/ n. Syn. preference; precedence
preceding in time, importance, or urgency
The company says its number one priority is restoring profits, not gaining market share at any price.

/prə'si:d/ n. Syn. continue; advance
follow a certain course; move ahead; travel onward

/'proʊsɛs/;/'prɒsɛs/ n. Syn. progress; advance; procedure
act of proceeding; continued forward movement; a series of actions

/prə'fɛʃən(ə)l/ a.
engaged in, or suitable for a profession
Medical workers on trial face criminal charges that range from professional recklessness to illegal sale of donor blood.

/prə'hɪbɪt/;/'proʊ-/ v. Syn. ban; taboo; forbid
ban; taboo; forbid

/'prɒdʒɛkt/ n. Syn. program; plan; scheme
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; program; plan; scheme
The project is run by the top-secret Phantom Works in Seattle, the part of the company which handles Boeing's most sensitive programmes.

/prə'moʊt/ v. Syn. publicize; advance
help to flourish; advance in rank; publicize
Founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman and her team ceaselessly promote the welfare of young people everywhere.

/prə'pɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ n. Syn. amounts; percentage
percentage; quotient obtained when a part is divided by the whole; part considered in relation to the whole
The requirements grow linearly, in proportion to the number of folk.

/'prɒspɛkt/ n. Syn. possibility; hope; outlook
possibility of future success; belief about future
The number of people affected and displaced has increased since the conflict, and at the moment there seems little prospect for them to return to villages.

/'proʊtəkɒl/;/-kɔ:l/ n.
code of correct conduct ; rules governing socially acceptable behavior; record of transaction
When it comes to weddings, the protocol is actual similar to other churches.

/saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/;/sɪ-/ n.
science that deals with mental processes and behavior

/pʌblɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ n.
This publication is accompanied by a beautiful exhibition in the van Gogh museum in Amsterdam.

/'pʌblɪʃ/ v. Syn. "It is an honor to publish this extraordinary book," said Gibson.
make public; make known to mankind, or to people in general
Only in 1687 did he at last publish his new theory.

/'pɜrtʃəs/ n.
act or an instance of buying; something bought
Rules can differ depending whether the purchase is a residence or an investment.

/pə'sju:/;/-'su:/ v.
follow in; go in search of or hunt for
They will bring together 165 researchers from 19 countries to pursue a range of innovative strategies.

/'kwɒlɪtətɪv/;/-teɪtɪv/ a.
relating to quality; having the character of quality

/kwoʊt/ v.
He said he could quote several instances of this behavior.

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