Saturday, October 8, 2011

Aimperunkulu and Dinnaga

What is Aimperunkulu   ?.
The king’s power was restricted by five council during the tamilakm.They were know as five great council or Aimperunkulu.This was a recognised body of people,compossed of five division and constituting a council.
Who was Dinnaga.?
Dinnaga was an illustious intellectual of the 5th century AD who is known as the founder of Buddist logic.He wrote about 100 treatise on Logicand is known as Father of medienval Nyaya as a whole.

Avadanas and Thala-Niyyomaka

What is Avadanas.?

Avadanas are Sanscrit version of pali Apadana literature.Like the Jatakas they are also a knid of sermon in the form of interesting tales.Divyavadana and avadana shataka are prominant among them.
Who were the Thala-Niyyomaka.?

They were the officer or land pilot who cunducted the caravans safely against the dangers and dieeiculties of travel from drought,famine,wild beast,demons and robbers.

What is Mandapas

What is Mandapas?

The rock cut temples built by the pallavas are known as mandapas.It is an open Pavillion,a hall with cells backwall.It is excavated in a rock..


61. The dynasty founded by Khizr Khan is known as Sayyid dynasty because—
(A) He and his successors adopted the title Sayyid
(B) Khizr Khan belonged to the Sayyid tribe of eastern Turkistan
(C) Khizr Khan was the descendant of the prophet Muhammad
(D) He was a scholar of Islamic theology
Ans : (C)
62. Who were called barids ?
(A) Craftsmen working in state workshops
(B) Bodyguards of the sultan
(C) Officer-in-charge of state exchequer
(D) The spy reporters
Ans : (D)


1. Which among the following Vedas is partly in prose ?
(A) Rigveda
(B) Samaveda
(C) Yajurveda
(D) Atharvaveda
Ans : (C)
2. Which one among the following is a Tamil grammatical treatise ?
(A) Pattupattu
(B) Ettutogai
(C) Silappadikaram
(D) Tolkappiam
Ans : (D)


TIPU SULTAN:Sword and tiger

TIPU SULTAN:Sword and tiger
1-Tipu Sultan had lost his sword in a war with the Nairs of Travancore during the Battle of the Nedumkotta, in which he was defeated.
2-The Nair army under the leadership of Raja Kesavadas again defeated the Mysore army near Aluva.
3-Tipu lost his sword during this campaigne.
3- The Maharaja,Dharma Raja, gifted the famous sword to the Nawab of Arcot, from where the sword went to London. The sword was on display at the Wallace Collection, No. 1 Manchester Square, London.

Wednesday, October 5, 2011




Gilgamesh also known as Bilgames in the earliest Sumerian texts was the fifth king of Uruk, modern day Iraq (Early Dynastic II, first dynasty of Uruk), placing his reign ca. 2500 BC. According to the Sumerian king list he reigned for 126 years. In the Tummal Inscription, Gilgamesh, and his son Urlugal, rebuilt the sanctuary of the goddess Ninlil, in Tummal, a sacred quarter in her city of Nippur. Gilgamesh is the central character in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the greatest surviving work of early Mesopotamian literature.


Monday, October 3, 2011

The Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada


The spectacular but unsuccessful attempt by King Philip II of Spain to invade Elizabethan England. The Armada is for the English the classic foreign threat to their country and a powerful icon of national identity.

Battle: The Spanish Armada.
Date: June to September 1588.
Place: The English Channel, the North Sea and the seas around the North and West of Scotland, the Orkneys and the West of Ireland.

Battle of Hastings

Battle of Hastings

William Duke of Normandy’s historic victory over the Saxon army of King Harold, leading to the conquest of England and the eventual replacement of the Anglo-Saxon dominated society by a Norman French.
Battle: Hastings.
War: The Norman Conquest of England.
Date: 14th October 1066.
Place: On the Sussex coast of England.
Combatants: The Norman, Breton, Burgundian, Flemish and French army of Duke William of Normandy against the Saxon army of King Harold of England.
Generals: Duke William of Normandy against King Harold Godwinsson of England.
Size of the armies: The armies probably numbered around 5,000 to 7,000 on each side, although some traditional accounts give the numbers as much higher.

The Battle of the Nile

The Battle of the Nile

Admiral Nelson's stunning victory over the French Fleet in 1798.
Battle: The Nile or Aboukir Bay.
War: Napoleonic Wars.
Date: 1st August 1798.
Place: East of Alexandria off the coast of Egypt in the Mediterranean.
Combatants: A British Fleet against a French Fleet.
Admirals: Rear Admiral of the Blue Sir Horatio Nelson against Admiral Brueys d’Aigalliers.
Winner: Nelson and the British Fleet won a resounding victory, arguably one of the decisive battles of naval warfare.

Battle of Guns

Battle of Guns
1-The Battle of Guns or Battle of Gujrat was a decisive battle in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, fought on 21 February 1849, between the forces of the British East India Company, and a Sikh army (Sir Hugh Gough and Sher Singh Attariwalla) in rebellion against the Company's control of the Sikh Kingdom, represented by the child Maharaja Duleep Singh who was in British custody in Lahore.
2-The Sikh army was defeated by the British regular and Bengal Army forces of the British East India Company.