Read about what happens during amniocentesis, a procedure that involves removing a small sample of amniotic fluid from the womb so it can be tested in a laboratory

Amniocentesis involves taking a small sample of amniotic fluid so the cells it contains can be tested. Amniotic fluid surrounds the unborn baby (foetus) in the womb (uterus).

Preparing for amniocentesis

You won't usually need to do anything special to prepare for amniocentesis. You can eat and drink as normal beforehand.

In some cases, you may be advised to avoid going to the toilet for a few hours before the test because it's sometimes easier when your bladder is full. Your doctor or midwife will tell you about this before you attend your appointment.


Ultrasound scan

You'll have an ultrasound scan before and during amniocentesis. An ultrasound scan uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of your womb that's relayed to a monitor.

The ultrasound scan allows healthcare professionals to:

  • check the position of the baby
  • find the best place to remove some amniotic fluid
  • ensure the needle can pass safely through the walls of your belly (abdomen) and womb


Before the needle is inserted into your abdomen, the area may be numbed with anaesthetic. This involves having a small injection into your belly and may sting slightly.

However, anaesthetic isn't usually necessary because research suggests it doesn't have much effect in most cases.

How amniocentesis is performed

An antiseptic solution will first be used to clean your abdomen to minimise the risk of infection. A long, thin needle is then inserted through your abdominal wall. It may cause a sharp stinging sensation.

Using the ultrasound image as a guide, the needle is passed into the amniotic sac that surrounds the baby. A syringe is then used to remove a small sample of the amniotic fluid, which will be sent to a laboratory for analysis.

In about 8 out of every 100 women who have amniocentesis, not enough fluid is removed the first time the needle is inserted. If this happens, the needle will be inserted again. 

Is amniocentesis painful?

Amniocentesis isn't usually painful, but you may feel uncomfortable during the procedure.

Some women describe experiencing a pain similar to period pain, or feeling pressure when the needle is taken out.

How long does it take?

The procedure usually takes around 10 minutes.

Afterwards, you will be monitored for up to an hour in case the test causes any side effects, such as heavy bleeding. You can then go home to rest.


Recovering after amniocentesis


You can take over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol – but not ibuprofen or aspirin – if you experience any discomfort.



  • persistent or severe pain
  • a high temperature of 38C or more
  • chills or shivering
  • discharge or clear fluid from the vagina
  • contractions (when your abdomen tightens then relaxes)

Getting the results

The first results should be available within a few days, and this will tell you if a genetic or chromosomal condition has been discovered.



Read more about the results of amniocentesis.

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