Pelotascoastal city, southeastern Rio Grande do Sul estado (state), southern Brazil. It is located on the left bank of the São Gonçalo Canal, the river that connects Mirim Lagoon with the Patos Lagoon. Founded in 1780 as São Francisco de Paula, it was raised to town status and renamed in 1830; it became a city in 1835. Located at 23 feet (7 metres) above sea level, it serves with the port of Rio Grande (25 miles [40 km] southeast) as a transfer point for ocean vessels that cannot cross the shallow Patos to Pôrto Alegre fully loaded. It is also the chief port for the cattle-ranching area of southern Rio Grande do Sul. Pelotas is Brazil’s largest producer of xarque (jerked beef) and has meat-packing plants, flour and rice mills, tanneries, and other factories. It is the site of the Sul Riograndense, Rural do Sul, and Católica de Pelotas universities (all established in 1960) and the Federal University of Pelotas (I don’t know why we changed this. I can find nothing that says it was founded in 1983 and source #66 (among others) says that it was founded in 1883. Sadly, their website doesn’t have an English version and the google translation isn’t very good. (AA 3/29/07)1883). It has an airport and a pair of modest football (soccer) stadiums. Pop. (2005 est.) 319,000.