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101 terms

Bios 102 ch. 9,10,12

Rest review
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?
acetyl CoA
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
acetyl CoA
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle.
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle.
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
oxidative phosphorylation
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.
NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
Cellular respiration: Net Input
NAD+, ADP, Glucose
Cellular Respiration: Net Output
NADH, ATP, pyruvate
Cellular Respiration: Not input nor output
acetyl CoA, coenzyme A, CO2, O2
acetyl CoA formation: Net Input
NAD+, pyruvate, Coenzyme A
acetyl CoA formation: Net Output
CO2, Acetyl CoA, NADH
acetyl CoA formation:Not input nor output
ADP, ATP,O2, Glucose
citric acid cycle: input
Acetyle CoA, ADP, NAD+
citric acid cycle: Output
ATP, CO2, Coenzyme A, NADH
citric acid cycle: No output or Input
O2, pyruvate, glucose
Oxidative Phosphorylation:input
Oxidative Phosphorylation:Output
ATP, NAD+, water
Oxidative Phosphorylation:no output or input
CO2, pyruvate, Acetyle CoA, glucose, Coenzyme A
When a compound donates(loses) electrons, that compound becomes____. Such a compound is ofton referred to as an electron donor.
When a compound accepts(gains) electrons, that compound becomes___. Such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor.
In glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is____.
Once the electron donor is glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called___.
is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.
The reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis.
acetyl CoA
The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
Reduced or Oxidized to: CO2
pyruvate is oxidized to___.
Reduced or Oxidized to: NADH
NAD+ is reduced to____.
Reduced or Oxidized to: FAD
is reduced to FADH2
to function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
What would happen to the cell's rate of glucose utilization?
Glucose utilization would increase a lot.
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration?
conserving the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work.
In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced
Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced.
Which of the following describes the process of glycolysis
It represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell.
It produces ATP and NADH.
Which statement about the citric acid cycle is correct
The electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration end up in which compound? (Concept 9.4)
_____ has a longer wavelength than _____.
red, green
Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.
water ... NADPH
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____. the electrons that reduce the phosphorylated 3-PGA.
Conserving water
simultaneously reduces the amount of carbon dioxide available to the plant.
transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs
Plants are photoautotrophs. What does this mean?
They use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules
They are in the same category as algae and cyanobacteria.
They make their own food from inorganic materials.
They are among the producers of the biosphere.
The ultimate source of energy to support most life on Earth is _____. (Overview)
The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells. (Concept 10.1)
In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between _____. (Concept 10.2)
ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation
Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? (Concept 10.2)
high-energy electrons
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. (Concept 10.2)
splitting water
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is_ _____ during the Calvin Cycle. (Concept 10.2 and 10.3)
Which of the following products of the light reactions of photosynthesis is consumed during the Calvin cycle? (Concept 10.3)
electron carrier that provides high-energy electrons for photosynthesis
The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. (Concept 10.3)
making sugar
C4 plants occur more commonly in desert conditions because _____. (Concept 10.4)
the mitotic phase
S phase
Nucleoli are present during _____.
Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.
Chromosomes become visible during _____.
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.
During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.
two chromosomes and four chromatids
Sister Chromatid
DNA replication produces two identical DNA Molecules called____, which separate during mitosis
After chromosomes condense, the___ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.
During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the___.
in the dividing cells, most of the cells growth occurs during___.
mitotic spindle
In most Eukaryotes division of the nucleus is followed by__ when the rest of the cell divides.
the organizing centers for microtubules involve in separating chromosomes during mitosis.
Which of the following is a function of meiosis but not mitosis in eukaryotes? (Concept 12.1)
production of animal gametes
A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain? (Concept 12.1)
It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase because _____. (Concept 12.1)
they have uncoiled to form long, thin strands
The kinetochores _____. (Concept 12.2)
are sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes
Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description? (Concept 12.2)
G1: follows cell division
In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this? (Concept 12.2)
large cells containing many nuclei
Which of the following is/are difference(s) between the fission of a bacterium and mitosis in human cells? (Concept 12.2)
All of the above are differences between the fission of a bacterium and human cell division.
Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. This chemical would interfere with _____. (Concept 12.2)
Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in the _____ phase of the cell cycle. (Concept 12.3)
A benign tumor, but not a malignant tumor, is one in which the cancerous cells _____. (Concept 12.3)
remain confined to their original site
The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP
electron carrier involved in glycolysis
substrate-level phosphorylation
electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle