An-ch’ingAnqingformerly (1911–491912–49) Huai-ning, Pinyin Anqing, Huaining, Wade-Giles romanization An-ch’ing, conventional Ankingcity situated on the north bank of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in southwestern Anhwei Anhui sheng (province), China. Situated at a crossing place on the Yangtze, it commands the narrow section of the floodplain between the Ta-pieh Dabie Mountains to the north and the Huang Mountains on the south bank, at the west end of the Lower lower Yangtze Plain. An-ch’ing is the terminus of a highway running northward through Ho-fei, to Pang-pu in northern Anhwei, and on to Shang-ch’iu in southern Honan province. This road joins another, which follows the northern edge of the Yangtze floodplain on its way upstream to Wu-han (in Hupeh province), just south of An-ch’ing.

A county was founded at the site under the Han dynasty (206 BCAD 220 BCE–220 CE) in the 2nd century BC BCE and was named Wan. In the 4th century AD CE it was called Huai-ning—a Huaining—a name it retained until the 20th century. It became the seat of a commandery called T’ung-an Tong’an under the Sui dynasty (581–618). Under the T’ang Tang (618–907) and Sung Song (960–1126960–1279) dynasties the town was known as the Shu prefecture. The name An-ch’ing Anqing was first given to a military prefecture set up there in the late 12th century; this was subsequently transformed into a civil superior prefecture called An-ch’ingAnqing. At the beginning of the Ch’ing Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12), it became the capital of the new province of Anhwei Anhui and the administrative seat of its governor-general. It remained the provincial capital until 1937. It then remained as the seat of Huaining county until 1949, when it was replaced by Ho-fei; from 1911 to 1949 it was officially known as Huai-ning.An-ch’ing the county seat was separated from the county, was set up as a city, and assumed its present name.

Anqing played an important role during the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century. Taken by the rebel forces in 1853, it remained one of their most important bases until 1861, when it was lost by them after a desperate defense. It was in the vicinity of An-ch’ing Anqing that Taiping reforms were most in evidence.

After its recapture the imperial Chinese commander, Tseng Kuo-fanZeng Guofan, ordered the establishment there of flour mills, granaries, and munition factories for his armies. From 1861 onward these works were under Chinese management, but, because of the lack of skilled technicians, the products of the arsenal were of little practical use, and after a few years it was shut down.

An-ch’ing Anqing became a port of call for foreign shipping under the Chefoo Convention (1876) between China and the United Kingdom, and, under the Sino-British trade agreement of 1902, it was to be opened to foreign trade. Little trade resulted, however, since An-ch’ing Anqing had no large or rich hinterland and its communications were relatively poor. Later, when railways to the interior of Anhwei Anhui reached the Yangtze River further farther east, its importance declined even more.

An-ch’ing Anqing has remained a medium-sized provincial city, an important commercial centre for the plain north of the Yangtze, and a market for tea produced in the mountains both north and south of the river. While also a local cultural centre, it has remained comparatively stagnant after losing its status as provincial capital. Its modern industrial development includes a petrochemical works , producing that produces fuel oils and synthetic ammonia, an oil refinery, and construction of a new port. Factories manufacturing auto parts, textiles, and building materials have also been established. In addition to its access to easy navigation on the Yangtze, Anqing is connected by railways and expressways to Hefei (capital of Anhui province), Nanchang (capital of Jiangxi province to the south), and Wuhan (capital of Hubei province to the west). These transportation links have greatly facilitated the city’s economic growth. Pop. (1990 2002 est.) 250384,718701.