Rawadid dynasty

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Rawwadid or Ravvadid (also Revend or Revendi) (955–1071),[1] was a principality ruling Iranian Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 11th centuries, centered around Tabriz and Maragheh.[2] Rawadids were originally from Arab ancestry, and arrived in the region in the mid eighth century,[3] but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names[4][5] The Rawandid tribe moved into Kurdistan in the mid eighth century, and it was known as a Kurdish tribe by the tenth century.[6]



Toghrul conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the prince of Tabriz Wahsudan ibn Mamlan.[8] In 1071, when Alp Arslan returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, Ahmad bin Wahsudan, lord of Maragheh, took part in the Muhammad Malik Shah's campaign against Syria in 1110 CE.[9] His full title was Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi.[10] Ahmadil took part in the crusades on behalf of Muslims. Joscelin made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep). He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in 1117 in Baghdad. His descendants continued to rule Maragheh and Tabriz as Atabakane Maragha until the Mongol invasion in 1227.[11][12]

Rawadid Rulers[edit]

  2. Husain I (955–988)
  3. Mamlan I (988–1000)
  4. Husain II (1000–1019)
  5. Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019–1054)
  6. Abu Nasr Mamlan II[13] (1054–1071)

See also[edit]


  1. ^ Misbah Islam, Decline of Muslim States and Societies, Xlibris Corporation, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4363-1012-3, p. 423.
  5. ^ W.B. Fisher et al., The Cambridge History of Iran, 778 pp., Cambridge University Press, 1968, ISBN 9780521069366 (p.32)
  9. ^ [2](see under Turkish Conquest)
  11. ^ [3][dead link]
  12. ^ La Domination des Dailamites
  13. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Band 4 by R. N. Frye

External links[edit]

  2. Rawwadids, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  3. Maragha, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  5. List of Rawadid Rulers