How to create a RealTimeData server for Excel

This article was previously published under Q285339
Microsoft Excel provides a new worksheet function, RTD, that allows you to call a Component Object Model (COM) Automation server for the purpose of retrieving data real-time. This article describes how to use Visual Basic to create a RealTimeData Server for use with Excel's RTD function.
The RTD worksheet function has the following syntax:
The first argument, ProgID, represents the Programmatic Identifier (ProgID) of the RealTimeData server. The Server argument indicates the name of the machine on which the RealTimeData server is run; this argument can be a null string or omitted if the RealTimeData server is to run locally. The remaining arguments simply represent parameters to send to the RealTimeData server; each unique combination of these parameters represents one "topic," which has an associated "topic id." Parameters are case-sensitive. For example, the following illustrates calls to the RTD server that would result in three separate topic ids:
=RTD("ExcelRTD.RTDFunctions",,"AAA", "10")

=RTD("ExcelRTD.RTDFunctions",,"AAA", "5")

=RTD("ExcelRTD.RTDFunctions",,"aaa", "5")
In order for a COM Automation Server to be a RealTimeData Server for use with Excel's RTD function, it must implement the IRTDServer interface. The server must implement all of the methods of IRTDServer:

Called when Excel requests the first RTD topic for the server. ServerStart should return a 1 on success, and a negative value or 0 on failure. The first parameter of the ServerStart method is a callback object that the RealTimeData server uses to notify Excel when it should gather updates from the RealTimeData server.
Called when Excel no longer requires RTD topics from the RealTimeData server.
Called whenever Excel requests a new RTD topic from the RealTimeData server.
Called whenever Excel no longer requires a specific topic.
Called by Excel if a given interval has elapsed since the last time Excel was notified of updates from the RealTimeData server.
Called when Excel is requesting a refresh on topics. RefreshData is called after the server notifies Excel that updates exist, and it returns a count of the topics to update along with the topic id and value for each topic.

Create a Sample RealTimeData Server

The following sample demonstrates how to create and use a RealTimeData server with Microsoft Excel 2002. This server simply provides a counter that is updated every 10 seconds on a worksheet. The server accepts up to two topic strings. The first topic string can be AAA, BBB, and CCC; any other topic string is considered invalid and the server returns #VALUE! to the RTD function. The second string is a numeric value that represents how the return value should be incremented. If the second string is omitted, the increment value defaults to 1. If the second string is not numeric, the server returns #NUM! to the RTD function.
  1. Start a new ActiveX DLL project in Visual Basic.
  2. On the Project menu, click References, select the Object Library for your version of Excel, and then click OK. For example, select one of the following:
    • For Microsoft Office Excel 2007, select Microsoft Excel 12.0 Object Library.
    • For Microsoft Office Excel 2003, select Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library.
    • For Microsoft Excel 2002, select Microsoft Excel 10.0 Object Library.
  3. On the Project menu, click Project1 Properties. Change the Project Name to ExcelRTD, and then click OK.
  4. Change the Name property of the class module Class1 to RTDFunctions. Add the following code to RTDFunctions:
    Option ExplicitImplements IRtdServer  'Interface allows Excel to contact this RealTimeData serverPrivate m_colTopics As Collection    Private Function IRtdServer_ConnectData(ByVal TopicID As Long, Strings() As Variant, GetNewValues As Boolean) As Variant    '** ConnectData is called whenever a new RTD topic is requested        'Create a new topic class with the given TopicId and string and add it to the    'm_colTopics collection    Dim oTopic As New Topic    m_colTopics.Add oTopic, CStr(TopicID)    oTopic.TopicID = TopicID    oTopic.TopicString = Strings(0)    If UBound(Strings) >= 1 Then oTopic.SetIncrement Strings(1)        'For this example, the initial value for a new topic is always 0    IRtdServer_ConnectData = oTopic.TopicValue        Debug.Print "ConnectData", TopicIDEnd FunctionPrivate Sub IRtdServer_DisconnectData(ByVal TopicID As Long)   '** DisconnectData is called whenever a specific topic is not longer needed      'Remove the topic from the collection   m_colTopics.Remove CStr(TopicID)      Debug.Print "DisconnectData", TopicIDEnd SubPrivate Function IRtdServer_Heartbeat() As Long    '** Called by Excel if the heartbeat interval has elapsed since the last time    '   Excel was called with UpdateNotify.    Debug.Print "HeartBeat"End FunctionPrivate Function IRtdServer_RefreshData(TopicCount As Long) As Variant()    '** Called when Excel is requesting a refresh on topics. RefreshData will be called    '   after an UpdateNotify has been issued by the server. This event should:    '   - supply a value for TopicCount (number of topics to update)    '   - return a two dimensional variant array containing the topic ids and the    '     new values of each.       Dim oTopic As Topic, n As Integer    ReDim aUpdates(0 To 1, 0 To m_colTopics.Count - 1) As Variant    For Each oTopic In m_colTopics        oTopic.Update        aUpdates(0, n) = oTopic.TopicID        aUpdates(1, n) = oTopic.TopicValue        n = n + 1    Next    TopicCount = m_colTopics.Count    IRtdServer_RefreshData = aUpdates      Debug.Print "RefreshData", TopicCount & " topics updated"End FunctionPrivate Function IRtdServer_ServerStart(ByVal CallbackObject As Excel.IRTDUpdateEvent) As Long    '** ServerStart is called when the first RTD topic is requested        Set oCallBack = CallbackObject    Set m_colTopics = New Collection    g_TimerID = SetTimer(0, 0, TIMER_INTERVAL, AddressOf TimerCallback)    If g_TimerID > 0 Then IRtdServer_ServerStart = 1       'Any value <1 indicates failure.        Debug.Print "ServerStart"End FunctionPrivate Sub IRtdServer_ServerTerminate()    '** ServerTerminate is called when no more topics are needed by Excel.        KillTimer 0, g_TimerID    '** Cleanup any remaining topics. This is done here since     '   IRtdServer_DisconnectData is only called if a topic is disconnected     '   while the book is open. Items left in the collection when we terminate    '   are those topics left running when the workbook was closed.    Dim oTopic As Topic    For Each oTopic In m_colTopics        m_colTopics.Remove CStr(oTopic.TopicID)        Set oTopic = Nothing    Next    Debug.Print "ServerTerminate"  End Sub					
  5. On the Project menu, click Add Class Module. Change the class module Name property to Topic and change the Instancing property to Private. Add the following code to the Topic class module:
    Option ExplicitPrivate m_TopicID As LongPrivate m_TopicString As StringPrivate m_Value As VariantPrivate m_IncrementVal As LongPrivate Sub Class_Initialize()    m_Value = 0    m_IncrementVal = 1End SubFriend Property Let TopicID(ID As Long)    m_TopicID = IDEnd PropertyFriend Property Get TopicID() As Long    TopicID = m_TopicIDEnd PropertyFriend Property Let TopicString(s As String)    s = UCase(s)    If s = "AAA" Or s = "BBB" Or s = "CCC" Then        m_TopicString = s    Else        m_Value = CVErr(xlErrValue) 'Return #VALUE if not one of the listed topics    End IfEnd PropertyFriend Sub Update()    On Error Resume Next 'the next operation will fail if m_Value is an error (like #NUM or #VALUE)    m_Value = m_Value + m_IncrementValEnd SubFriend Sub SetIncrement(v As Variant)    On Error Resume Next    m_IncrementVal = CLng(v)    If Err <> 0 Then        m_Value = CVErr(xlErrNum) 'Return #NUM if Increment value is not numeric    End IfEnd SubFriend Property Get TopicValue() As Variant    If Not (IsError(m_Value)) Then        TopicValue = m_TopicString & ": " & m_Value    Else        TopicValue = m_Value    End IfEnd Property					
  6. On the Project menu, select Add Module. Add the following code to the new module:
    Public Declare Function SetTimer Lib "user32" (ByVal hWnd As Long, _ByVal nIDEvent As Long, ByVal uElapse As Long, ByVal lpTimerFunc As Long) As LongPublic Declare Function KillTimer Lib "user32" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal nIDEvent As Long) As LongPublic Const TIMER_INTERVAL = 5000Public oCallBack As Excel.IRTDUpdateEventPublic g_TimerID As LongPublic Sub TimerCallback(ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal uMsg As Long, ByVal idEvent As Long, ByVal dwTime As Long)    oCallBack.UpdateNotifyEnd Sub					
  7. On the File menu, click Make ExcelRTD.dll to build the component.

Use the RTD Server in Excel

  1. Start a new workbook in Microsoft Excel.
  2. In cell A1, enter the following formula, and then press the ENTER key:
    =RTD("ExcelRTD.RTDFunctions",,"AAA", 5)
    The initial return value is "AAA: 0". After five seconds, the value updates to "AAA: 10" and after 10 seconds, the value updates to "AAA:15," and so on.

  3. In cell A2, enter the following formula and press ENTER:
    =RTD("ExcelRTD.RTDFunctions",,"BBB", 3)
    The initial return value is "BBB: 0". Every five seconds the cell value increments by 3.

  4. In cell A3, enter the following formula and press ENTER:
    The initial return value matches the contents of cell A1 because this is the same "topic" that is used in A1.

  5. In cell A4, enter the following formula and press Enter:
    =RTD("ExcelRTD.RTDFunctions",,"AAA", 10)
    The initial return value is "AAA: 0." Every five seconds the cell value increments as do the other cells. Note that the return value does not match the contents of cell A1 or A3 because the combination of parameters passed to the server is different.
For this illustration, the RTD server was compiled and Excel was using the run-time version of the component. For debugging purposes, RTD servers can be run from the Visual Basic IDE.

To run in debug mode:
  1. Quit Microsoft Excel and switch to the project in Visual Basic.
  2. Press F5 to start the component. If the Project Properties dialog box appears, click OK to select the default option of Wait for components to be created.
  3. Make sure that the Immediate window in Visual Basic is displayed. As you enter formulas in the cells and as the cells are updated, examine the contents of the Immediate window in Visual Basic to see which actions are triggering the different events.
Note Regarding the DisconnectData Event

While Excel is a subscriber to your RTD server, it triggers the DisconnectData event when it no longer needs a topic (for example, when you delete or clear an RTD formula in a cell). However, Excel does not call DisconnectData on each topic for the RTD server when the workbook is closed or Excel quits; instead, Excel calls only ServerTerminate. When you are creating an RTD server, you should code for any necessary clean-up of topics or other objects when the ServerTerminate event fires.

(c) Microsoft Corporation 2001, All Rights Reserved. Contributions by Lori B. Turner, Microsoft Corporation.

284883 RTD Server Does Not Send Update Notifications to Multiple Excel Instances

Artikli ID: 285339 – viimati läbi vaadatud: 03/29/2007 16:44:08 – redaktsioon: 5.1

Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Excel 2002 Standard Edition, Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Professional Edition

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