Brain Network Spatial Differences More Pronounced In Autism

Differences in the spatial layout of brain networks were more pronounced among people with autism than those without, a new study from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health confirms.

In other words, the brains of two people with autism are different from each another, and this difference is larger than those measured in brains of two people without autism. In addition, the most variation in network location was found in the brain’s attention networks.

Autism is a complex, lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than one in 100 people – so understanding these brain networks has potential to show how autism develops over time, and to identify new approaches to treatment.

Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography

Lead author Dr. Erin Dickie, a Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) scientist in the Kimel Family Imaging-Genetics Translational Laboratory, said:

“We know that autism is different across children who don’t show the exact same impairments. One explanation is that each may have slight differences in brain network functioning, despite having a common diagnosis. We developed a new way of looking at how the brain is organized.”

Using an approach called personalized intrinsic network topography (PINT), the team mapped the location of six brain networks by individual, to ensure more accuracy in showing where these networks exist, rather than relying on a template pointing to approximate locations. PINT was applied to functional MRI brain scans of people in “resting state,” not completing any tasks in the scanner.

Among researchers, clinicians and families, there is an increasing awareness that there are probably different sub-types of autism, based on differences in brain biology, said co-author Dr. Stephanie Ameis, Clinician Scientist and autism expert in the Child, Youth and Emerging Adult Division and the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at CAMH.

The new CAMH-developed approach provides a way to examine the location of individual brain networks with more precision.

A brain network connects different brain regions, sending signals across pathways for specific functions, such as vision or attention. Each network is located in roughly the same region in everyone’s brains.

Disconnection And Displacement

Scientists previously suspected that there was “dis-connectivity,” or weaker long-range connections, between brain areas in those with autism.

After personalized brain mapping was applied, this study showed that the evidence for dis-connectivity dropped. This suggests that brain networks related to attention in autism may not only be disconnected, but also displaced, said Dr. Dickie.

This new approach, which has been made publicly available, can now be used in studies of brain function in autism to account for network displacement.

“Recently, there have been high profile clinical trials for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, but these novel treatments have not shown any therapeutic effect,” said Dr. Ameis. “Part of the problem may be the variability in autism. This study underscores the importance of accounting for individual differences to develop innovative and personalized treatment approaches.”

The brain scans were accessed from the ABIDE network, (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange), enabling a large sample of 393 people with autism and 496 as a comparison group, ranging in age from eight to 55, as well as scans to test the reliability of the PINT approach.

Dickie, Erin W. et al.
Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography Mapping and Functional Connectivity Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Biological Psychiatry DOI:

Image: Gabriel González-Escamilla, Wellcome Images