An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory



<< < -ph pal par par par par Pas pat Pel per per per per Per per pha phi pho pho pho phy pip Pla pla pla pla ple poa pol Pol pol pol pop pos pos pow pra pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro Pru pul pum > >>

Number of Results: 1040

Fr.: pomper   

To raise, drive, supply or inject as if by using a pump.

From M.E. pumpe, from M.Du. pompe "water conduit, pipe," or M.L.G. pumpe "pump."

Pompidan infinitive, from pomp, loan from Fr. pompe


Fr.: pompage   

The act or process of pumping. → optical pumping.

Verbal noun of → pump.

mardomak (#)

Fr.: pupille   

1) In the → eye, the apparently black opening in the center of the → iris that permits light to pass and be focused on the → retina.
2) In a → lens, the → image of the → aperture stop as seen from → object and → image space. Same as → entrance pupil.

From M.E. pupille, from O.Fr. pupille, from L. pupilla, originally "little girl-doll," diminutive of pupa "girl, doll" (Fr. poupée), so called from the tiny image one sees of himself reflected in the eye of another.

Mardomak "little man," the allusion being to the tiny image of himself reflected in the eye of another, from mardom "man, human being, mankind, people;" → people, + diminutive suffix -ak.

pupil masking
  ماسک‌زد ِ مردمک   
mâskzad-e mardomak

Fr.: masquage de pupille   

A method for reaching the → diffraction-limited  → angular resolution of a monolithic telescope by using an → interferometric technique. A mask with several small openings is placed in the telescope pupil plane or in a conjugated plane so as to only pass light from selected regions, thus transforming the telescope into an array of small subapertures without redundancy. When the light from each of these separate subapertures is combined, → interference fringes are formed which encode information on the spatial structure of the source (Haniff et al. 1987, Nature 328, 694). Coupled with a novel technique which filters the → atmospheric turbulence through fibers, pupil masking allows reaching a high dynamic range (Perrin et al. 2006, MNRAS 373, 747), which is necessary for detecting very faint objects, such as → exoplanets, adjacent to bright stars.

pupil; → masking.


Fr.: Poupe   

The Stern. One of the larger constellations of the southern hemisphere representing the stern of the ship Argo Navis, located at 7h 30m right ascension, 40° south declination. Its brightest star is → Naos. Abbreviation: Pup; genitive: Puppis.

From L. puppis "stern, poop, the rear, or aft part of a ship or boat."

Pasâl, from pas "behind" (e.g.: pas-e pardé "behind the curtain"), variant pošt "back; the back; behind" (Mid.Pers. pas "behind, before, after;" O.Pers. pasā "after;" Av. pasca "behind (of space); then, afterward (of time);" cf. Skt. paścā "behind, after, later;" L. post, as above; O.C.S. po "behind, after;" Lith. pas "at, by;" PIE *pos-, *posko-) + -âl, → -al. → prow = farâl (فرال).

Puppis A
  پسال A   
Pasâl A

Fr.: Puppis A   

A → supernova remnant in the constellation → Puppis, and one of the brightest sources in the X-ray sky. The → supernova occurred about 4000 years ago at a distance of about 6,000 light-years. Also called SNR G260.4-03.4. Its X-ray designation is 2U 0821-42.


žâvi (#)

Fr.: pureté   

The degree to which → impurity is incorporated into a semiconductor material.

M.E., from O.Fr. pureté, from L.L. puritatem (nom. puritas) "cleanness, pureness," from purus "clean;" cf. Av. pūitika- "serving for purification," Mod.Pers. pâk "clean;" Skt. pavi- "to become clean," pávate "purifies, cleanses;" O.H.G. fouwen, fewen "to sift;" PIE base *peu- "to purify, cleanse."

Žâvi, noun from adj. žâv "pure."

Purkinje effect
  ا ُسکر ِ پورکین‌ی   
oskar-e Purkinje

Fr.: effect Purkinje   

The increasing sensibility of the retina for light of shorter wavelength as the brightness decreases. In those conditions red objects are perceived to fade faster than blue objects of the same brightness.

Named after the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkynne (1787-1869), who discovered the effect; → effect.


Fr.: but, objet   

The reason for which something exists or is done, made, used, etc. (

M.E. purpos, from O.Fr. porpos "aim, intention," from porposer "to put forth," from por- "forth," from L. → pro- "forth;" + O.Fr. poser "to put, place," → position.

Farneh, literally "put forth," from far-, variant of farâ-, → pro-, + neh present stem of nehâdan "to pose, place, lay," → position.


Fr.: résolu, déterminé   

Having a purpose; determined; resolute.

purpose + -ful a suffix meaning "full of," "characterized by."

Farnehmand, from farneh, → purpose, + -mand, → -al.


Fr.: exprès   

1) Intentionally; deliberately.
2) With the particular purpose specified; expressly (

purpose; → -ly.

cistân (#)

Fr.: énigme   

1) A problem that cannot be easily or readily solved.
2) A game, question, or problem designed for testing ingenuity.

Of unknown origin.

Cistân from cist "what is?," + -ân noun suffix.

pycnonuclear reaction
  واژیرش ِ چگال‌هسته‌ای   
vâžireš-e cagâl-hasteyi

Fr.: réaction pycnonucléaire   

A nuclear reaction that takes place at high densities and relatively low temperatures. Pycnonuclear reactions are almost temperature independent and occur even at zero temperature. These reactions are extremely slow at densities typical for normal stars but intensify with increasing density. For example, carbon burns into heavier elements at densities over 1010 g cm-3.

Pycnonuclear, from pycno- a combining form meaning "dense, thick," from Gk. pyknos "dense, solid" + → nuclear; → reaction.

Vâžireš, → reaction; cagâl-hasteyi, from cagâl, → dense, + hasteyi, → nuclear.


Fr.: pyrhéliomètre   

General term for the class of → actinometers that measure the intensity of solar radiation received on the surface of the Earth. It functions by converting the heat of the sunlight into a voltage using a device called a thermopile, and a recording voltmeter.

From pyr-, from → pyro- + → heliometer.


Fr.: pyro-   

A prefix meaning "fire, heat, high temperature," used in the formation of compound words. → pyrheliometer; → pyrometer.

From Gk. pyro-, combining form of pyr "fire," cognate with O.E. fyr, O.N. fürr, M.Du. vuur, Ger. Feuer), from PIE *paewr-; cf. Mod.Pers. Lori porpor "blazing charcoal," Gilaki bur, biur "smokeless red fire" (Lori perisk, periska "spark," Kurd. biriske "spark," Lârestâni pelita "spark"); Gk. pyr "fire;" Hitt. pahhur "fire;" Skt. pū- "to cleanse."


âzarsanj (#)

Fr.: pyromètre   

A device used for measuring high temperatures. By comparing a source whose temperature is to be measured to a standardized source of illumination, it determines the temperature of the former source.

pyro- + → -meter.

piroksen (#)

Fr.: pyroxène   

One of the major groups of silicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. Pyroxene minerals are also common in meteorites. There are many different types of pyroxene. All of the types contain Si2O6 but some have sodium (Na) while others have iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), or a combination of these three elements.

From → pyro- "fire," + xeno- a combining form meaning "alien, strange, guest," from Gk. xenos "stranger, guest." Pyroxene was originally supposed to be a foreign substance when found in igneous rocks.

Pythagorean theorem
  فربین ِ پوتاگوراس، ~ فیساغورس   
farbin-e Pythagoras, ~ Fisâqures

Fr.: théorème de Pythagore   

The proposition that the → square of the → hypotenuse of a → right triangle is equal to the → sum of the squares of the other two sides: a2 + b2 = c2.

After Pythagoras (c570 BC-c495BC), Greek philosopher and mathematician; → theorem.

Pythagorean triple
  سه‌تایه‌ی ِ پوتاگوراس، ~ فیساغورس   
setâye-ye Pythagoras, ~ Fisâqures

Fr.: triplet de Phythagore   

Any group of three → integers that satisfy the relations specified by the → Pythagorean theorem. Some examples: 3, 4, and 5; 5, 12, and 13; 8, 15, 17.

Pythagorean theorem; → triple; → triplet.

qotb-namâ (#)

Fr.: Boussole   

The Compass Box. A faint constellation in the southern hemisphere, at 9h right ascension, 30° south declination, representing a mariner's compass. Its brightest star, Alpha Pyxidis, is magnitude 3.7. Abbreviation: Pyx; genitive: Pyxidis.

L. pyxis, from Gk. pyxis "box."

Qotbnamâ literally "pole indicator," from qotb, → pole, + namâ "displayer, indicator," from nemudan "to show" (Mid.Pers. nimūdan, nimây- "to show," from O.Pers./Av. ni- "down; into" (Skt. ni "down," nitaram "downward," Gk. neiothen "from below," cf. E. nether, O.E. niþera, neoþera "down, downward, below, beneath," from P.Gmc. *nitheraz, Du. neder, Ger. nieder; PIE *ni- "down, below") + māy- "to measure;" cf. Skt. mati "measures," matra- "measure;" Gk. metron "measure;" L. metrum; PIE base *me- "to measure").
