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Consider the sentence "I can run faster than 15 miles per hour." Its meaning is clear and to my eyes obviously grammatically correct. Now let me present some variations that have given me trouble for a long time.

  • I am faster than 15 miles per hour. – To me this is clearly incorrect. Directly comparing me to a speed doesn't seem right. We need to compare my speed to a speed, or me to another person.

  • I can run faster than him. – Compared to the base sentence, there is a distinct shift in meaning of the comparison. While before I named a speed faster than which I can run, now I am naming a person. It doesn't seem quite right. I realize the parts of speech can change, but my initial objection is that "him" is not a speed.

  • I can run faster than he. – This seems most correct to me, but still somehow feels objectionable. Is this in fact the correct way to say it? And if so, is it proper as is or need I say "... faster than he can" or even "... faster than he can run?"

  • I am faster than him. – With "am" instead of "can run" it now seems slightly more correct. But is it?

  • I am faster than he. – I'm in doubt here. It doesn't seem wrong to me to say, "I am faster than he is" or even "I am faster than he is fast." (Though I suppose that is a given since I could hardly properly compare to some other category as in "I am faster than he is smart.")

  • My speed is faster than his. – Hmm. This seems more proper as "my speed is greater than his."

So which of these constructions is correct and which is incorrect? Is there a general rule that I can follow?


The scholarly article Syntactic isomorphism and non-isomorphism under ellipsis may be of great interest to some readers!

Once we accept that the elided constituent and its antecedent can differ in form, it becomes reasonable to ask how large this difference can be. The answer in Rooth (1992), Fiengo and May (1994), Chung et al. (1995) and subsequent work is that the wiggle room is actually quite small: the elided constituent and its antecedent are allowed to differ only in the realization of inﬂectional morphology. Other than that, both constituents have to be syntactically and lexically isomorphic.

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See this Grammar Girl column on than I versus than me. –  JLG Feb 11 '13 at 5:58
In this case the question after correctness does not make sense as both possibilites are possible. –  rogermue Jul 19 at 3:20
@rogermue I disagree with your logic. A question doesn't automatically become nonsense just because the answer is "both." (Or, more accurately, one in formal writing and one for other situations.) –  ErikE Jul 20 at 5:40

12 Answers 12

up vote 40 down vote accepted

You find both accusative pronouns (me/him/her/them) and nominative pronouns (I/he/she/they) in this syntactic position in standard English. The forms with the nominal genitive pronouns (mine/yours/hers etc.) are a red herring because they stand for something possessed rather than the person themself.

The traditional rule for comparison with a person is that you must use nominative. However, according to my research, accusative is more common.

I searched the Corpus of Contemporary American English for this syntactic structure, followed by a comma or a period to ensure we are not looking for cases like faster than he is, with a verb following the pronoun, in which case nominative is obligatory.

There were 1046 results for the accusative pronouns and 450 for nominative pronouns, more than 2 to 1 in favor of accusative pronouns—the “traditionally wrong” form. Both forms are standard, so my advice to a writer choosing between these forms is to consider that the “traditionally correct” form is unimpeachably correct but a bit formal. Choose the form that best matches tone and formality level of your writing.

For the curious, the queries looked like this:

[jjr*] than me|him|her|us|them .|,
[jjr*] than I|he|she|we|they .|,

where[jjr*] means any comparative adjective.

Update 2011-05-23

Using the new Google Book Corpus search, I was able to construct a Google ngrams-like graph comparing these usages over time, using these two queries: accusative, nominative:

Google ngram comparing case after than

As you can see, until the late 1980s, the formal usage was more common than the informal usage. Since then, however, accusative has very rapidly eclipsed nominative, even in this corpus, which represents professionally published works.

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I don't understand why the advice given in a forum about correct use of language encourages informal and incorrect grammar. –  Tim Sep 28 '10 at 1:28
@Tim: Depending on the situation, the informal usage can be the correct one to use. (nohat said "Choose the form that best matches tone and formality level of your writing.") Besides, both forms are (or ought to be) correct grammar, since grammar is a set of rules drawn from actual usage. (Though I hold that simplistic grammars that don't fully account for usage do have some uses.) –  ShreevatsaR Sep 28 '10 at 4:19
@ShreevatsaR - So with that logic since I hear people say "axe" rather than "ask" and "irregardless" and "supposably" then I should just adopt the use that the masses use? I'd rather not - I prefer to continue using proper English. –  Tim Sep 28 '10 at 13:56
@Tim I said both acc. and nom. are common, acc. is more common, both are standard, nom. is “traditionally correct”, nom. is more formal, and to choose the form that best matches the tone and formality level of the writing. What exactly is the problem with my answer? That I didn’t come down with a hard line against acc.? –  nohat Sep 28 '10 at 15:02
Also, what’s wrong with encouraging informality? To someone learning how to speak English, knowing when and how to speak informally is just as important as knowing all the rules of formal style. Don’t confuse informal style with ungrammaticality. –  nohat Sep 28 '10 at 19:08

Ah, you've stumbled onto a controversy even the experts haven't completely settled. It all depends on whether you think than is a conjunction or a preposition.

First, remember that "I" is always a subject, and "me" is always an object.

If than is a conjunction, then it's joining two complete sentences, and the "am" that you mention is the implied predicate of that sentence. In that case, "I" is the correct subject. (Except where's the comma you normally would use before an and that joins two sentences?)

If than is a preposition, then there is a prepositional phrase, which needs an object, not a subject. In that case, "me" is the correct pronoun.

Consensus seems to be on the side of the "conjunctionists" -- even if common usage isn't. I always use than like a conjunction in writing, but in speaking, I usually find myself using it as a preposition because it feels more natural somehow. So I guess I have a foot in both camps. ;)

There's an excellent discussion of this at Grammar Girl's blog.

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I wouldn't say that consensus is on the side of the "conjunctionists", particularly not these days. "Than I" is often stilted and awkward, let alone preferred. –  Kosmonaut Mar 20 '11 at 16:51
The cognitive dissonance you are experiencing is where the real grammar of English you learned by listening to others speak conflicts with the artifice of "grammar" you learn in school. In point of fact, accusative pronouns are the default in English, and nominative pronouns can only be used in certain cases, which in ordinary spoken English is ONLY in the nonconjoined subject position. Accusative is used in all other syntactic positions. "Formal" written English has extended the reach of nominative to conjoined subject and linking-verb predicate, and that's where the "disputes" lie. –  nohat Mar 20 '11 at 19:48
@nohat Thanks for the education! It's fascinating stuff for a grammar nerd -- or maybe I should say aspiring grammar nerd. :) –  Kelly Hess Mar 20 '11 at 20:11
@Neil That's absurd. Biodiversity is an empirical phenomenon and the evidence in support of the theory of evolution is massive and conclusive, whereas whether "I" or "me" is "correct" is a normative question. –  Jim Balter Mar 20 '11 at 21:54
@Jim language is "an empirical phenomenon" as much as biodiversity is, and the evidence in favor of "as smart as me" being grammatical is as massive and conclusive as that for evolution. –  nohat Mar 20 '11 at 22:23

"I can run faster than he." is technically correct, because it is short for "I can run faster than he can run." In fact, you are comparing your speed to his speed, not to him personally. This shortening of the sentence is called an elliptical construction, because the remainder of the "he" clause is understood. The tendency is to treat "than" as a preposition. (See also Safire on this point.)

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So what about "I am faster than he"? –  ErikE Sep 26 '10 at 5:57
@Emtucifor: I think the traditional view is that "he" is correct, because "I am faster than he is fast." –  moioci Sep 26 '10 at 22:59
I'm not sure why I'm experiencing hesitation. What you're telling me is what I always leaned toward. Yet if the "is fast" is always implied, where does one put the is fast in a sentence like "Who am I faster than?" It sure seems like we can compare one person directly to another. Sure, we can reorder the words and say "I am faster than who is fast?" but that's awkward and unnecessary. I do see that the word who itself might suggest he since whom would suggest him but that isn't the point here. Every comparison I can think of using "to be" seems okay with the predicate pronoun. –  ErikE Sep 27 '10 at 5:26

The prescriptivist answer is that ‘He is taller than I’ is correct. The justification often given is that the sentence is an ellipsis of ‘He is taller than I am’, but this appears to be an ex post facto justification of a somewhat arbitrary preference: modern linguistic analysis shows this kind of verbal ellipsis is impossible in other similar contexts and is therefore unlikely to be occurring here. To quote Alan Munn, a linguist who does research in syntax, ‘There's no syntactic evidence that the position after “than” here is a subject, so the accusative is the only linguistically sane form’. If I remember correctly, data on real spoken English show that me is considerably more common than I in this kind of construction.

In formal writing and speaking it is probably safest to use the prescriptively correct ‘than I’; in any other context ‘than me’ is not just acceptable, but normal usage for a majority of speakers. Indeed, in many contexts the use of ‘than I’ will strike a great many people as unduly formal, the sign of someone who ‘talks like a book’.

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This answer is correct. The answer I wrote on the question this is a duplicate of has the data you mention. –  nohat Aug 19 '11 at 20:27

Both are possible English sentences. In the first, than is a preposition, and pronouns that follow prepositions are normally in the objective case. In the second, than is a conjunction and joins the clause He is wiser to the clause I (am).

The first construction is less formal than the second, and is probably used by native speakers more often. The second might be used by speakers afraid that if they used me they would be making a mistake, but, in almost all contexts, they would not be.

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@ Barrie England It means both are correct? –  Sudhir Nov 8 '12 at 7:40
I try to avoid the word 'correct', because it gives an inadequte description. I would just say that both might be found in Standard English. As a fairly well educated speaker of British English, I would normally say . . . than me. –  Barrie England Nov 8 '12 at 8:22

The grade school grammar argument is problematic. Words can take different types of complement. There's little reason to suppose that just because "as" can take clause as its complement, every complement must then be a clause.

Really this is a case for just saying what comes naturally to you and devoting your brain (and education budget) to other things...

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I can run faster than him
I can run faster than he can
I can run faster than can he

I personally find myself "natural" to use any of them maybe because that was what I learnt in my English class. But for long sentences with similar comparisons (I can not think up an example right now), a solution like the first sentence always eases my mind when I read it (although it is grammatically incorrect). Perhaps because it is shorter while I can still understand what the writer wants to say.

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Both are correct and standard. "He is taller than me" and "He is taller than I am". We sometimes forget that the "be" verb gets dropped in the latter. However, some would argue that the latter is more correct. Some would say that it should be used in more formal situations. But the truth is that both are okay.

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He is taller than me. -> me is Object. He is taller than I am ->**I am** it is kind of subordinate clause. So there are not exactly the same. –  speedyGonzales Feb 11 '13 at 7:40

Both are grammatical!

To me, using "I" always gives an impression that more words are following.

She is older than I am.

She is older than I thought.

While using "me" will just finish the sentence.

She is older than me.

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By parallelism, there's an implied verb at the end of the sentence: "She is older than I am." So "She's older than I" is the generally accepted version (and the version that sounds correct to me.)

But you could make an almost-as-convincing argument that "me" is the object of the prepositional phrase "than me"... so this one could go either way.

My vote is with "I", though.

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"almost" as convincing-- this implies there's something more convincing about the first argument, then? I'm intrigued to know what that is. –  Neil Coffey May 24 '11 at 5:27
@Neil - Parallelism, of course! What could possibly be more convincing? You're right, though - "me" sounds wrong to me in this context, but I don't have actual logic to explain why... so I slipped in a weasel phrase. You caught me. –  MT_Head May 24 '11 at 5:30
In any case, this was covered much more thoroughly in the duplicate question. –  MT_Head May 24 '11 at 5:33


Sorry, but that is, as you say, "obviously" only common. Whether it is not only common but also gramamatically correct is for discussion.

I Semantics is one of several fields in grammar, and "fast speed" is, if taken literally, semantically incorrect construction. "Fast" means "having high speed". Thus, "fast speed" literally means "speed having high speed", rendering the "fast speed" a circular-referential adjective-object syntagma (while every adjective must give extra information about its object!). Therefore, "fast speed" is semantically incorrect construction.

And, yes, it is really the nonsensical "fast speed" you spoke of in you first sentence "I can run faster than 15 miles per hour", because that sentence, without its omitions, is this: I can run faster than the speed of 15 MPH is fast.

II Even more, not only does there exist no such thing as a fast speed (there's high speed), but you're making a comparison between running and being. Look at the extended sentence above. In it, you RUN (fast), but the referenced speed IS (fast). You compare the manner (A) of action (B) with the quality (C) of object (D). A=fast, B=run, C=fast, D=speed. You may think A and C are one and the same word, but you'd be wrong. You were forced to compare an adverb (fast) with an adjective (fast), which here didn't seem all that problematic, but that's only because the particular adverb fast and the adjective fast accidentally happen to be morphologically identical in English. In English, the adverb is not "fastly"; it remains without the suffix "-ly" (the English rule of adverb creation took the back seat here to the historical convention). Nonetheless, A is an adverb. You would easily see that A and C are, actually, two different words if you were a bad runner: "I run more slowly than the 15 MPH is slow". See? Slow-ly and slow. Two different things. One for an action, one for an object. Apples and oranges. DO something more slow-ly than SOMETHING is slow? Say what now? Those are two sets of incomparable things [(action, adverb), (object, adjective)], just as there are two incomparable sets of things in "do something faster than something is fast". Or more specifically, in "run faster than the speed of 15 miles per hour is fast". Or to be totally specific, in "I can run faster than 15 miles per hour."

Therefore, your first sentence is not "obviosly" grammatically correct.

But I do accept that it may be agreed by the English linguists that such a sentence be grammatically acceptable. Many incongruent things are acceptable in all natural languages, as is the case with the adverb "fast" lacking the suffix "-ly". A group of authoritative people gets together, compares their notes on the usage of English in the real world and decides: "It's OK, never mind that it breaks some rules or even logic. Let it be." I don't have a problem with that. However, in your discussion, you've tried to use the questionably acceptable exception to rules and logic, as a reference point for your further reasoning. To that, I do object.

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Re I - if fast is having (or being able of) high speed, then faster is having (or being able of) higher speed; parsed as such you avoid circular reference. –  Unreason Aug 4 '11 at 12:16
Re II - you yourself expand “... than the speed of 15 mph“ to “... than the speed of 15 mph is fast “ though you say there is no such thing as fast speed. Furthermore, running and being is not compared here; the speed of running is compared to a given constant speed. That works. –  Unreason Aug 4 '11 at 12:55
The phrase "faster than he" expands to "... he is (fast)", because "he", alone, is not the quantity that is being compared. However, "15 mph" is a speed, the quantity we are comparing, so there is no underlying elliptical phrase that needs to be expanded. Out of curiosity, would you care to give us your take on a grammatically correct way of expressing the said sentence in English? –  Gustav Larsson Aug 4 '11 at 13:41
Yes, please do give us the grammatically correct way of saying this. Otherwise you've just ranted and not really answered the question. –  ErikE Aug 4 '11 at 22:21
gramamatically! obviosly! "may be agreed ... that such ... be"! "fast speed is semantically incorrect construction" (don't you mean has?) Love it! –  ErikE Aug 9 '11 at 20:03

This is an incomplete comparison. You are shorting

"He is shorter than I am."

Thus, the correct word to use is "I."

See http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/write/we/ch6/23b.htm

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protected by RegDwigнt May 5 '12 at 18:48


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