An amazing photograph of the Milky Way's twin

Think of all the work that goes into getting a birds-eye view of our home planet. Now imagine how hard it would be to snap a photo that manages to capture our entire galaxy.

We're obviously nowhere near being able to photograph the Milky Way from the outside, so scientists do the next best thing by photographing galaxies very much like ours — like NGC 1073, the so-called "barred" spiral galaxy pictured here, recently captured by NASA's Hubble telescope.

Not all galaxies are spiral galaxies, and not all spiral galaxies are barred. As you might have guessed, NGC 1073 — which is located some 55 million light years away — is designated as a bar galaxy on account of the long, dense, bar-like line of stars located at its center, running from the bottom left to the top right in the image up top. [Click through for hi-res version]


Of course, the Milky Way has a central line of stars all its own. How these star bars form, however, is something of a mystery. But that's why studying galaxies like ours is so important; the more characteristics a group of galaxies share, the easier it is to make sense of their differences (and, by extension, their similarities). Bad Astronomy's Phil Plait explains this concept well:

Bars are a bit odd, since you'd expect the arms just to wind all the way down to the center. But the gravity of a galaxy isn't like the gravity of a solar system, with a big heavy star sitting in the center. Galaxies have their mass spread out over a long distance, so what gas and dust clouds and stars feel in the way of gravity is different, and bars are a natural outcome of that. However, they're still not perfectly understood. Bars may form when galaxies collide, and they might be an indication of a galaxy reaching middle age. Perhaps there are other factors as well.

An amazing photograph of the Milky Way's twinAn important thing too is that the two galaxies are different in some ways: NGC 1073 has more open arms, for example, compared to our more tightly wound arms [the image shown here is a mock up of the Milky Way, generated from detailed observations]. Those differences are telling us something as well. What is it that makes one galaxy hold its arms closer in, and another to fling them out? Why does this galaxy have two arms, and that one three? If you can look at two galaxies that are alike except in one way, it's easier to isolate the cause. So studying NGC 1073 is a great way to study ourselves.

Read more about NGC 1073 on Bad Astronomy and


Top image via NASA; Milky Way Scale via Bad Astronomy