Lun Yu/Book 10

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Analects of Confucius
(Translated by James Legge)
Simplified Chinese Traditional Chinese Chinese Pinyin
BOOK X. HEANG TANG. 乡党第十 鄉黨第十 xiāng dǎng dì shí
CHAP. I. 1. Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak. 【第一章】【一节】孔子於乡党、恂恂如也、似不能言者。 【第一章】【一節】孔子於鄉黨、恂恂如也、似不能言者。 kǒngzǐ yú xiāng dǎng xún xún rú yě sì bùnéng yán zhě
2. When he was in the prince's ancestorial temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously. 【二节】其在宗 庙朝廷、便便然、唯谨尔。 【二節】其在宗 廟朝廷、便便然、唯謹爾。 qí zài zōng miào cháotíng biàn biàn rán wéi jǐn ěr
CHAP II. 1. When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers of the lower grade, he spake freely, but in a straightforward manner; in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but precisely. 【第二章】【一节】朝、与下大夫言、侃侃如也、与上大夫言、誾誾如也。 【第二章】【一節】朝、與下大夫言、侃侃如也、與上大夫言、誾誾如也。 cháo yǔ xià dàifū yán kǎn kǎn rú yě yǔ shàng dàifū yán rú yě
2. When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, but self-possessed. 【二节】君在、踧踖如也、与与如也。 【二節】君在、踧踖如也、與與如也。 jūn zài cù rú yě yǔ yǔ rú yě
CHAP. III. 1. When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty. 【第三章】【一节】 君召使摈、色勃如也、足躩如也 【第三章】【一節】 君召使擯、色勃如也、足躩如也 jūn zhào shǐ bìn sè bó rú yě zú rú yě
2. He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving his left or right arm, as their position required, but keeping the skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted. 【二节】揖所与立、 左右手、衣前後、檐如也 【二節】揖所與立、 左右手、衣前後、檐如也 yī suǒ yǔ lì zuǒyòushǒu yī qián hòu yán rú yě
3. He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird. 【三节】趋进、翼如也 【三節】趨進、翼如也 qū jìn yì rú yě
4. When the guest had retired, he would report to the prince, 'The visitor is not turning round any more.' 【四节】宾退、必复命 曰、宾不顾矣。 【四節】賓退、必復命 曰、賓不顧矣。 bīn tuì bì fù mìng yuē bīn búgù yǐ
CHAP. IV. 1. When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient to admit him. 【第四章】【一节】入公门、鞠躬如也、如不容。 【第四章】【一節】入公門、鞠躬如也、如不容。 rù gōng mén jūgōng rú yě rú bù róng
2. When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gate-way; when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold. 【二节】立不中门、行不履阈。 【二節】立不中門、行不履閾。 。 lì bù zhōng mén xíng bù lǚ yù
3. When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them. 【三节】过位、色勃如也、 足躩如也、其言似不足者。 【三節】過位、色勃如也、 足躩如也、其言似不足者 guò wèi sè bó rú yě zú rú yě qí yán sì bùzú zhě
4. He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe. 【四节】摄齐升堂、鞠躬如也、屏气似不息者。 【四節】攝齊升堂、鞠躬如也、屏氣似不息者。 shè qí shēng táng jūgōng rú yě bǐng qì sì bù xī zhě

5. When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look. When he had got to the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness. 【五节】出、降一等、逞颜色、怡怡如也、没阶、趋进、翼如也、复其位、 踧踖如也。 【五節】出、降一等、逞顏色、怡怡如也、沒階、趨進、翼如也、復其位、 踧踖如也。 chū jiàng yīděng chěng yánsè yí yí rú yě mò jiē qū jìn yì rú yě fù qí wèi cù rú yě
CHAP. V. 1. When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than their position in giving anything to another. His countenance seemed to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet along as if they were held by something to the ground. 【第五章】【一节】执圭、鞠躬如也、如 不胜、上如揖、下如授、勃如战色、足蹜蹜如有循。 【第五章】【一節】執圭、鞠躬如也、如 不勝、上如揖、下如授、勃如戰色、足蹜蹜如有循。 zhí guī jūgōng rú yě rú bù shèng shàng rú yī xià rú shòu bó rú zhàn sè zú rú yǒu xún
2. In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid appearance. 【二节】享礼、有容色。 【二節】享禮、有容色。 xiǎng lǐ yǒu róng sè
3. At his private audience, he looked highly pleased. 【三节】私觌、愉愉如也 【三節】私覿、愉愉如也 sī dí yú yú rú yě
CHAP. VI. 1. The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce colour, in the ornaments of his dress. 【第六章】【一节】君子不以绀緅饰。 【第六章】【一節】君子不以紺緅飾。 jūnzǐ bù yǐ gàn shì
2. Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish colour. 【二节】红紫不以为亵服。 【二節】紅紫不以為褻服。 hóng zǐ bù yǐwéi xiè fù
3. In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment. 【三节】 当暑袗絺綌、必表而出之。 【三節】 當暑袗絺綌、必表而出之。 dàng shǔ bì biǎo ér chū zhī
4. Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of white; and over fox's fur one of yellow. 【四节】缁衣羔裘、素衣麑裘、黄衣狐裘。 【四節】緇衣羔裘、素衣麑裘、黃衣狐裘。 zī yī gāo qiú sù yī qiú huáng yī hú qiú
5. The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short. 【五节】亵裘长、短右袂。 【五節】褻裘長、短右袂。 xiè qiú cháng duǎn yòu mèi
6. He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body. 【六节】必有寝衣、长一身有半。 【六節】必有寢衣、長一身有半。 bì yǒu qǐn yī cháng yīshēn yǒu bàn
7. When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger. 【七节】狐貉之厚以居。 【七節】狐貉之厚以居。 hú mò zhī hòu yǐ jū
8. When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle. 【八节】去丧、无所不佩。 【八節】去喪、無所不佩。 qù sāng wú suǒ bù pèi
9. His under-garment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below. 【九节】非帷裳、必杀之。 【九節】非帷裳、必殺之。 fēi wéi shang bì shā zhī
10. He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap, on a visit of condolence. 【十节】羔裘玄冠不以吊。 【十節】羔裘玄冠不以弔。 gāo qiú xuán guān bù yǐ diào
11. On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court. 【十一节】吉月、必朝服而朝。 【十一節】吉月、必朝服而朝。 shíyī jié jí yuè bì cháo fù ér cháo
CHAP. VII. 1. When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linen cloth. 【第七章】【一节】齐、必有明衣、布。 【第七章】【一節】齊、必有明衣、布。 qí bì yǒu míng yī bù
2. When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place where he commonly sat in the apartment. 【二节】齐必变食、居必迁坐。 【二節】齊必變食、居必遷坐。 qí bì biàn shí jū bì qiān zuò
CHAP. VIII. 1. He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his minced meat cut quite small. 【第八章】【一节】食不厌精、脍不厌细。 【第八章】【一節】食不厭精、膾不厭細。 shí bù yàn jīng kuài bù yàn xì
2. He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discoloured, or what was of a bad flavour, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season. 【二节】食饐而餲、鱼馁而肉败、 不食、色恶不食、臭恶不食、失饪不食、不时不食。 【二節】食饐而餲、魚餒而肉敗、 不食、色惡不食、臭惡不食、失飪不食、不時不食。 shí ér yú něi ér ròu bài bù shí sè è bù shí chòu è bù shí shī bù shí bùshí bù shí
3. He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce. 【三节】割不正不食、 不得其酱不食。 【三節】割不正不食、 不得其醬不食。 gē bù zhēng bù shí bù de qí jiàng bù shí
4. Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it. 【四节】肉虽多、不使胜食气、惟酒无量、不及乱。 【四節】肉雖多、不使勝食氣、惟酒無量、不及亂。 ròu suī duō bù shǐ shèng shí qì wéi jiǔ wúliàng bù jí luàn
5. He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market. 【五节】 沽酒市脯不食。 【五節】 沽酒市脯不食。 gū jiǔ shì pú bù shí
6. He was never without ginger when he ate. 【六节】不撤姜食。 【六節】不撤薑食。 bù chè jiāng shí
7. He did not eat much. 【七节】不多食。 【七節】不多食。 bù duō shí
8. When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, people could not eat it. 【八节】祭於公、不宿肉。 祭肉不出三日、出三日、不食之矣。 【八節】祭於公、不宿肉。 祭肉不出三日、出三日、不食之矣。 jì yú gōng bù sù ròu jì ròu bù chū sān rì chū sān rì bù shí zhī yǐ
9. When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak. 【九节】食不语、寝不言。 【九節】食不語、寢不言。 shí bù yǔ qǐn bù yán
10. Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air. 【十节】虽 疏食菜羹、瓜祭、必齐如也。 【十節】雖 疏食菜羹、瓜祭、必齊如也。 suī shū shí cài gēng guā jì bì qí rú yě
CHAP. IX. If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it. 【第九章】席不正不坐。 【第九章】席不正不坐。 xí bù zhēng bù zuò
CHAP. X. 1. When the villagers were drinking together, on those who carried staffs going out, he went out immediately after. 【第十章】【一节】乡人饮酒、杖者出、斯出矣。 【第十章】【一節】鄉人飲酒、杖者出、斯出矣。 xiāng rén yǐn jiǔ zhàng zhě chū sī chū yǐ
2. When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps. 【二节】乡人傩、朝服而 立於阼阶。 【二節】鄉人儺、朝服而 立於阼階。 xiāng rén nuó cháo fù ér lì yú zuò jiē
CHAP. XI. 1. When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another State, he bowed twice as he escorted the messenger away. 【十一章】【一节】问人於他邦、再拜而送之。 【十一章】【一節】問人於他邦、再拜而送之。 wèn rén yú tā bāng zài bài ér sòng zhī
2. Chi K'ang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received it, saying, 'I do not know it. I dare not taste it.' 【二节】康子馈药、拜而受 之、曰、丘未达、不敢尝。 【二節】康子饋藥、拜而受 之、曰、丘未達、不敢嘗。 kāng zǐ kuì yào bài ér shòu zhī yuē qiū wèi dá bù gǎn cháng
CHAP. XII. The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return he said, 'Has any man been hurt?' He did not ask about the horses. 【十二章】厩焚、子退朝、曰、伤人乎、不问马。 【十二章】廄焚、子退朝、曰、傷人乎、不問馬。 jiù fén zǐ tuì cháo yuē shāng rén hū bù wèn mǎ
CHAP. XIII. 1. When the prince sent him a gift of cooked meat, he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and then give it away to others. When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat, he would have it cooked, and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors. When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep it alive. 【十三章】【一节】君赐食、必正席、先尝之、君赐腥、必熟而荐之、君赐 生、必畜之。 【十三章】【一節】君賜食、必正席、先嘗之、君賜腥、必熟而薦之、君賜 生、必畜之。 jūn cì shí bì zhēng xí xiān cháng zhī jūn cì xīng bì shú ér jiàn zhī jūn cì shēng bì chù zhī
2. When he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment, the prince only sacrificed. He first tasted everything. 【二节】侍食於君、君祭、先饭。 【二節】侍食於君、君祭、先飯。 shì shí yú jūn jūn jì xiān fàn
3. When he was ill and the prince came to visit him, he had his head to the east, made his court robes be spread over him, and drew his girdle across them. 【三节】疾、君视之、东首、加朝服拖绅。 【三節】疾、君視之、東首、加朝服拖紳。 jí jūn shì zhī dōng shǒu jiā cháo fù tuō shēn
4. When the prince's order called him, without waiting for his carriage to be yoked, he went at once. 【四节】君命召、 不俟驾行矣。 【四節】君命召、 不俟駕行矣。 jūn mìng zhào bù sì jià xíng yǐ
CHAP. XIV. When he entered the ancestral temple of the State, he asked about everything. 【十四章】入大庙每事问。 【十四章】入大廟每事問。 rù dà miào měi shì wèn
CHAP. XV. 1. When any of his friends died, if he had no relations who could be depended on for the necessary offices, he would say, 'I will bury him.' 【十五章】【一节】朋友死、无所归、曰、於我殡。 【十五章】【一節】朋友死、無所歸、曰、於我殯。 péngyou sǐ wú suǒ guī yuē yú wǒ bìn
2. When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and horses, he did not bow. 【二节】朋友之馈、虽 车马、 【二節】朋友之饋、雖 車馬、 péngyou zhī kuì suī chē mǎ
3. The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice. 非祭肉不拜。 非祭肉不拜。 fēi jì ròu bù bài
CHAP. XVI. 1. In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment. 【十六章】【一节】寝不尸、居不容。 【十六章】【一節】寢不尸、居不容。 qǐn bù shī jū bù róng
2. When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute them in a ceremonious manner. 【二节】见齐衰者、虽狎必变、见冕者、与瞽者、虽亵必以貌。 【二節】見齊衰者、雖狎必變、見冕者、與瞽者、雖褻必以貌。 jiàn qí shuāi zhě suī xiá bì biàn jiàn miǎn zhě yǔ gǔ zhě suī xiè bì yǐ mào
3. To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population. 【三节】凶服者式之、式负版者。 【三節】凶服者式之、式負版者。 xiōng fù zhě shì zhī shì fù bǎn zhě
4. When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up. 【四节】有盛馔、必变色而作。 【四節】有盛饌、必變色而作。 yǒu chéng zhuàn bì biàn sè ér zuò
5. On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance. 【五节】迅雷、风烈、 必变。 【五節】迅雷、風烈、 必變。 xùn léi fēng liè bì biàn
CHAP. XVII. 1. When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight, holding the cord. 【十七章】【一节】升车、必正立、执绥。 【十七章】【一節】升車、必正立、執綏。 shēng chē bì zhēng lì zhí suí
2. When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands. 【二节】车中、不内顾、不疾言、 不亲指。 【二節】車中、不內顧、不疾言、 不親指。 chē zhōng bù nèi gù bù jí yán bù qīn zhǐ
CHAP. XVIII. 1. Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises. It flies round, and by and by settles. 【十八章】【一节】色斯举矣、翔而後集。 【十八章】【一節】色斯舉矣、翔而後集。 sè sī jǔ yǐ xiáng ér hòu jí
2. The Master said, 'There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge. At its season! At its season!' Tsze-lu made a motion to it. Thrice it smelt him and then rose. 【二节】曰、山梁雌雉、时哉时 哉。子路共之、三嗅而作。 【二節】曰、山梁雌雉、時哉時 哉。子路共之、三嗅而作。 yuē shān liáng cí zhì shí zāi shí zāi zǐ lù gòng zhī sān xiù ér zuò