Study your flashcards anywhere!

Download the official Cram app for free >

  • Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off

How to study your flashcards.



H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key

A key: Read text to speech.a key


Play button


Play button




Click to flip

88 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
acid precipitation
activation energy
active site
Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
allosteric site
alpha helix
An organic compound with one or more amino groups.
amino acid
amino group
A metabolic pathway that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds.
anabolic pathway
A negatively charged ion.
A solution in which water is the solvent.
aqueous solution
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properies of an element.
An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
atomic nucleus
atomic number
atomic weight
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
One form of the secondary structure of proteins ni which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
beta pleated sheet
The study of how organisms manage their energy resources.
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.
calorie (cal)
carbonyl group
carboxyl group
An organic compound containing a carboxyl group.
carboxylic acid
catabolic pathway
A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumes by the reaction.
A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages.
A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F-32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boling point of water at 100°C.
Celsius scale
Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins.
chemical bond
chemical energy
chemical equilibrium
A process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making of and/or breaking of chemical bonds.
chemical reaction
The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
competitive inhibitor
condensation reaction
covalent bond
A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles.
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond with each other with the removal of a water molecule.
dehydration reaction
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Strong covalent bonds formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfer of another cysteine monomer.
disulfide bridge
double covalent bond
double helix
electron shell
Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance.
Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
endergonic reaction
energy coupling
The different states of potential energy for electrons in an atom.
energy level
A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S.
evaporative cooling
A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a new release of free energy.
exergonic reaction
fat (triacylglycerol)
A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
fatty acid
feedback inhibition
first law of thermodynamics
The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system. The change in free energy of a system is calculated by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where T is absolute temperature.
free energy
free energy of activation
functional group
A discrete nit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
geometric isomers
An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in thel iver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
A covalent bond formed between two monosaccarides by a dehydration reaction.
glycosidic linkage
heat of vaporization
The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
hydration shell
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
hydrogen bond
A single proton with a charge of +1. The dissociation of a water molecule (H₂O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+).
hydrogen ion