Study your flashcards anywhere!

Download the official Cram app for free >

  • Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off

How to study your flashcards.



H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key

A key: Read text to speech.a key


Play button


Play button




Click to flip

14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the monomers of DNA?
What are the 3 components of DNA?
Deoxyribose, Phosphate Group,and Nitrogenous Base
Name the 4 nitrogenous bases.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
What are purines and pyrimidines and which bases are which?
Purines- has a double carbon, nitrogen ring, ex. Adenine, and Guanine
Pyrimidines-has a single carbon, nitrogen ring, ex. Thymine, Cytosine
Name the enzymes involved in DNA Replication.
DNA Helicase-splits hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase-reads bases and matches complementary base pairs
DNA Ligase-puts together bonds
Which Nucleotides switch in RNA?
Thymine to Uracil
Name the differences between DNA and RNA.

Single Stranded vs. Double Stranded
Ribose vs. Deoxyribose
Uracil vs. Thymine
Name the 3 types of RNA.
rRNA-ribosomal RNA-structure for ribosome
mRNA-messenger RNA-genetic code for proteins
tRNA-transfer RNA-brings amino acids to ribosome, and very specific
What is Transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying DNA to RNA.
Opens up the DNA, RNA polymerase finds complementary base pairs, and stops at the promoter.
Compare Codons and Anticodons
Codon-Set of 3 bases on mRNA
Anticodon-3 complementary bases to codons and is on tRNA.
What is Translation?
The process of building a polypeptide chain using the types of RNA.
How does Translation occur?
mRNA slides into ribosomes
tRNA enters the P site at start codon
Another tRNA enters A site
Polypeptide bond forms and breaks from tRNA
1st tRNA leaves and ribosome moves
Continues until it reaches a stop codon
What are the differnet types of Mutations?
Substitution- change in one nucleotide, therefore a change in the codon, and may change the amino acid. this type is not as bad, du to the redundancy in the coding for amino acids
Frame Shift-Affects all other codons after the mutated one
Addition/Deletion of a nucleotide
How does Sickle Cell Anemia occur?
A substitution of a nucleotide that affects the structure of hemoglobin.