Human Physiology/Appendix 1: answers to review questions

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 Human Physiology 

HomeostasisCellsIntegumentaryNervousSensesMuscularBloodCardiovascularImmuneUrinaryRespiratoryGastrointestinalNutritionEndocrineReproduction (male)Reproduction (female)PregnancyGeneticsDevelopmentAnswers

This appendix does not provide answers to the review questions posted at the end of each chapter; it is a collection of questions provided at the end of each chapter.


1.Meaning of Homeostasis:

A) contributor and provider
B) expand
C) same or constant
D) receiver

2.What is the normal pH value for body fluid?

A) 7.15-7.2556
B) 7.35-7.45
C) 7.55- 7.65
D) 7.00-7.35
E) 6.5-7.5


C) If you develop emphysema the kidneys will remove fewer bicarbonate ions from circulation

4.The urge to breathe comes in direct response to:

B) The oxygen concentration of your surrounding environment
C) The buildup of nitrogen within your blood stream
D) The pH of your blood
E) The buildup of blood pressure that occurs when you don't breathe


A) Negative feedback
B) A malfunctioning control system
C) Positive feedback
D) A negative impact

6.Which of the follow is an example of a positive feedback?

A) Shivering to warm up in a cold winter storm

7.Where is the body's "thermostat" found?

A) Within the nervous system, in the Hypothalamus
B) Within the integumentary system, in the skin
C) Within the brain, in the corpus callosum
D) Within the Urinary system, in the kidneys


A) Urinary System
B) Reproductive System
C) Respiratory System
D) Nervous System

Cell physiology[edit]

1. List 2 functions of the cell membrane:

Separates internal metabolic events from the external environment.
Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Questions 2 - 6 Match the following organelles with their function:

2. Mitochondria C

3. Vacuoles D

4. Cilia A

5. Smooth ER B

6. Golgi Apparatus E

7. The diffusion of H2O across a semi permeable or selectively permeable membrane is termed

A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis

8. Oxygen enters a cell via?

a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Osmosis
d. Active transport

9. The term used to describe, "cell eating" is?

a. Exocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Diffusion

10. Which of the following requires energy?

a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Active transport
d. Facilitated diffusion

11. Protein synthesis occurs at the

a. Mitochondria
b. Lysosomes
c. Within the nucleus
d. Ribosomes

12. Which of the following is not found in the cell membrane?

a. Cholesterol
b. Phospholipids
c. Proteins
d. Galactose
e. Nucleic Acids

13. What is a cell?

a. The largest living units within our bodies.
b. Enzymes that "eat" bacteria
c. Microscopic fundamental units of all living things.
d. All of the above.

Integumentary System[edit]

1. Name all of the parts of the integumentary system.

The integumentary system consists of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue below the skin, hair, nails, and assorted glands.



3. Name and describe the importance of the cutaneous senses.

The cutaneous senses are touch, pressure, heat, cold and pain. Their purpose is to provide the central nervous system with information about the external environment and its effect on the skin.

4. Explain how sweating helps maintain normal body temperature.

Eccrine sweat glands are coiled tubular glands derived from the outer layer of skin but extending into the inner layer. The sweat glands are

5. Explain where on the body hair has important functions, and describe these functions.

Hair on the scalp provides insulation from cold for the head.
The hair of eyelashes and eyebrows helps keep dust and perspiration out of the eyes.
Hair in our nostrils helps keep dust out of the nasal cavities.

6. What is a melanoma?

a. The outermost layer of skin
b. A type of nail disease
c. A malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes
d. The lower most layer of skin

The Nervous System[edit]


A ) A synapse
B ) A dendrite
C ) A neuotransmitter
D ) A ventricle
E ) None of the above

2. A fast excitatory synapses follows this order:

E ) None of the above

3. Resting potential is

A ) excess positive ions accumulate inside the plasma membrane
B ) excess negative ions accumulate inside the plasma membrane
C ) excess positive ions accumulate outside the plasma membrane
D ) both b & c
E ) both a & c

4. Sensory neurons have:

A ) A short dendrite and a long axon
B ) A short dendrite and a short axon
C ) A long dendrite and a short axon
D ) A long dendrite and a long axon
E ) Their axons and dendrites may be either long or short

5. ________blocks Acetylcholine receptor sites causing muscle relaxation.

A ) Novocain
B ) curare
C ) Nicotine
D ) Nerve gases


A ) neurotransmitters
B ) synaptic vesicle
C ) neurons
D ) receptor proteins

7. Motor neurons take messages

A ) from the muscle fiber to the central nervous system
C ) that are classified
D ) away from the central nervous system to muscle fiber


A ) Breathing
B ) Heartbeat
C ) Sneezing
D ) Vomiting
E ) All of the above

9. The nervous systems main components are what?

A ) The Synapses and Sprinal cord
B ) The neurons and the synapses
C ) The brain and the neurons
D )The brain and the spinal cord


  • More receptors, such as AMPA receptors, are added and existing ones are sensitized via phosphorylation. Dendritic spine number and surface area is increased as well.


  • If the retrograde messenger theory is correct, presynaptic cells participate in the enhancement by increasing the probability of synaptic vesicle release. (Please remember the retrograde messenger is theoretical, I just thought it should be included here)


Critical Thinking: Vision[edit]




  • You should observe a negative afterimage. This happens when the rod/cone (mostly cone) cells in your eye adapt to the stimulus and lose their sensitivity, leaving you with the negative of the color that was adapted to.




  • Rods are more sensitive to lower light levels, but lack color-seeing ability. Cones work in brighter light and perceive color (blue, green, red).

5. Explain how Deadly Nightshade works

  • Normally, the parasympathetic nervous system constricts the pupil as needed with acetylcholine. The atropine in nightshade is a competitive agonist on the same receptor as the one that accepts acetylcholine. Basically: the atropine takes up all of the places for acetylcholine to bind, and the pupils dilate.

Critical Thinking: Hearing[edit]



  • Each of the three fluid filled canals is on a different plane. Movement is detected on these planes when the fluid inside moves around, vibrating cilia on the cupula which sends it on to the brain.


  • The eustachian tube is to keep pressure in the middle ear the same as atmospheric pressure. If the tube is blocked, the gases in the ear will diffuse back into the surrounding tissues and a vacuum will be made. Eventually, this will pull fluid in and if it becomes infected... You have an ear infection.

4. What is the advantage of having a oval window?

Sound transducted from air to a more dense medium (endolymph, in scala media where the organ of cortis is placed) would be partially reflected and greatly weakened if not for the ossicular bones that transfer the vibration from membrana tymphani trough malleus, incus and stapes to the foramen ovale where it puts the liquids of cochlea in motion. This motion is then transfered trough membrana vestibularis to membrana basilaris, which in turn puts the haircells in motion. This leads to a bending of the stereocills, fastened to membrana tectori, and as a result; a depolarization of the afferent sensory fibre receptor of n. cochlearis through release of glutamate. The loss of energy in transduction is partially re-gained by the size of membr. tympani compared to the size of foramen ovale and the rotation of the ossicular bones.

Review Questions[edit]


A) The incus and the stapes
B) The pinna and the ear drum
C) the vestibular nerve and the semi circular canals
D) The eustachian tube and the stapes

2. The retina does the following;

B) Gives depth perception using binocular vision
D) Protects and supports the shape of the eye


C) Ruffini corpuscles is a class of slowly adapting mechanoreceptor


A) Fungiform papillae
B) Filiform papillae
C) Foliate papillae
D) Circumvallate papillae
E) All of the above


A) The nerve fibrils are not functioning properly
C) Papilla become blocked by mucus and are unable to function



7. Hair cells in the ear

C) “Rub” against the overhanging tectorial membrane
D) All of the above

8. Eyesight decreases with age because

A) Older eyes receive much less light at the retina
C) The extent to which the pupil dilates decreases with age
D) all of the above



10. These receptors react to foods treated with monosodium glutamate

A) Salt
B) Sour
C) Bitter
D) Sweet
E) Umami

The Muscular System[edit]

1. Smooth Muscle is

A) Voluntary and Spindle Shaped
B) Voluntary and Striated
C) Involuntary and Spindle Shaped
D) Involuntary and Striated

2. Skeletal Muscle is

A) Voluntary and Spindle Shaped
B)Voluntary and Striated
C) Involuntary and Spindle Shaped
D) Involuntary and Striated

3. Cardiac Muscle is

A) Voluntary and Spindle Shaped
B) Voluntary and Striated
C) Involuntary and Spindle Shaped
D) Involuntary and Striated

4. Which type of muscle cell is multinucleated?

A) Cardiac
B) Smooth
C) Skeletal
D) All of the Above

5. What is an example of a smooth muscle?

A) Masseter (Face)
B) Bladder
C) Heart
D) Pronator Teres (Forearm)
E) Rectus Abdominis (belly)

6. Each myosin filament is surrounded by ____ actin filaments.

A) Two
B) Four
C) Six
D) Eight
E) Seven

7.The muscular system is contoled by what system?

A) The cardiovascular system
B) The integumentary System
C) The Nervous system
D) None of the above

8. How many types of muscle are there?

A) Two
B) Three (cardiac, smooth and skeletal)
C) Four
D) Five

Blood Physiology[edit]


A) it is a powerful vasodilator
B) it blocks pain receptors in heart tissue
C) it stops ventricular fibrillation
D) it loosens plaque on arterial walls
E) it prevents platelet clumping

2. A hematocrit measures percentage of:

A) White blood cells
B) Plasma
C) Platelets
D) Red blood cells


D) Fred is not the boy’s father


A) albumin
B) carbon dioxide
C) white blood cells
D) fibrinogen
E) globulins

5. If you hold your breath for one minute

A) The kidneys will increase sodium ion reabsorption
B) Hydrogen-ion concentration in the blood will increase
C) Your heart rate will greatly slow
D) Hemoglobin will bind to oxygen more strongly


A) Small gas bubbles in the plasma
B) Gas bound to hemoglobin in the red blood cells
C) Bicarbonate ions in the plasma
D) Gas bound to white blood cells and albumin
E) Gas transported through the lymphatic system


A) Form a platelet plug
B) Form a clot
C) Initiate the coagulation cascade
D) Constrict and form barriers


A) This is within normal range for most adult males
B) This cyclist is anemic
D) The cyclist is dehydrated
E) The cyclist has been taking pharmaceutical erythropoietin


A) Neutrophils
B) Basophils
C) Eosinophils
D) Monocytes
E) Lymphocytes

10. A bag of donated blood does not clot because

A) There is not enough oxygen
B) It cannot dry out
C) It is kept refrigerated
D) There is no free calcium
E) All of the above

The cardiovascular system[edit]

1. This conducts electricity like nerves

A) Epicardium
B) Pericardium
C) Myocardium
D) Subvalaular Apparatus
E) None of these, only nerves conduct electricity


A) Veins
B) Capillary Beds
C) Veins
D) Aorta
E) Vena Cava

3. The following contract together to pump blood

C) Tricuspid valve and mitral valve
D) Aorta and pulmonary artery
E) Aorta, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

4. This is the pacemaker of the heart

A) AV node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) AV Bundle
D) SA node
E) None of these, a pacemaker is surgically inserted


A) S
B) P
C) U
D) T
E) Q

6. The T wave in an EKG shows

A) Resting potential
B) Atrial depolarization
C) SA node excitation
D) Ventricle repolarization
E) Purkinje Excitation

7. Blood pressure is the measure of

B) Pressure exerted by the blood on the arteries
C) Pressure exerted by the blood on the veins
D) Pressure exerted by the blood on the aorta

8. Systolic Pressure is

A) An average of 120 mm Hg
B) Lowers steadily during ventricle systole
D) An average of 80 mm Hg
E) Both A and C
F) Both B and D

9. The heart has how many chambers?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four (two ventricles and two atria)
E) Five

10. End diastolic volume in human


The Immune System[edit]


A) phagocytosis
B) hemolysis
C) interleukin
D) diapedesis
E) folliculitis


A) Histamine cause vasodilation
B) Hypothalmus raises the thermostat
C) Neutrophils engulf and destroy the microbe
D) Living and dead WBC and bacteria accumulate
E) All of the above


A) inflammatory response
B) phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils
C) interferon
D) T cell and B cell responses
E) anatomical barriers in the body

4-An additional chemical defense found in tears and saliva?

A) T lymphocytes
B) saline
C) lysozyme

5-Which of the following does complement protein perform

A) They cause antibody release
B) T cell development
C) The release if histamine
D) Promotes tissue repair
E) Mast cell degranulation

6-Which substance induces fever?

A) Pyrogen
B) Pus
C) Monocytes
D) Edema
E) Interferon


A) provide route for return of extracellular fluid
B) act as drain off for inflammatory response
D) a and c
E) all of the above

8-An antigen is:

A) a chemical messenger that is released by virus infected cells
B) a lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity
C) something that coats the inside of lungs, causing infection
E) a thick yellow-white fluid


A) allergen
B) antigen
C) histamine
D) mast cell
E) interferon


D) the cells of the lymph node will release histamine
E) the lymph node will increase production of neutrophils


A) Respiratory system
B) Endocrine system
C) Hematacrit system
D) Any opening into the body.


A) lymph nodes
B) thymus
C) spleen
E) tonsils


A) Layers of cells
B) Tears
C) Saliva
D) Lysozyme
E) None of the above


A) thymus
B) bone marrow
C) pancreas
D) cortex

15-Nonspecific resistance is

A) The body's ability to ward off diseases.
B) The body's defenses against any kind of pathogen.
C) The body's defense against a particular pathogen.
D) The lack of resistance.
E) None of the above.

16-What is an Antibody?

B) Programmed cell death
D) A chemical involved in inflammation.

The Urinary System[edit]


A) There is a possibility of a UTI
B) There is a possibility of diabetes
C) There is a possibility of kidney failure
D) There is nothing wrong, this is normal


A) Anti-diuretic hormone
B) The medulla oblongata
C) Blood plasma
D) Sodium amounts in the blood

3. Nephrons

A) Eliminate wastes from the body
B) Regulate blood volume and pressure
C) Control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
D) Regulate blood pH
E) All of the above

4. If I am dehydrated, my body will increase

C) Diluted urine


A ) vasa recta
B ) loop of henle
C ) proximal convuluted tubule
D ) peritubular capillaries
E ) glomerulus

6.Kidneys have a direct effect on which of the following

A ) Blood pressure
B ) How much water a person excretes
C ) Total blood volume
D ) pH
E ) all of the above


A ) the magnetic charge of the Bowman's capsule attracts the substances
B ) the substances are actively transported into the Bowman's capsule
D ) little green men force it in with their ray guns

8. What happens in tubular excretion?

A ) urine bonds are formed between the wastes
B ) wastes are diffused from the tubule
C ) wastes move into the distal convoluted tubule from the blood
D ) blood pressure forces wastes away from the kidney

9. The countercurrent exchange system includes_________and_________.

A ) glomerulus and macula densa
B ) proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
C ) loop of Henle and collecting tubule
D ) afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole
E ) ureters and bladder


A ) reabsorption of water
B ) production of filtrate
C ) reabsorption of solutes
D ) secretion of solutes

==The respiratory system== 1. This is total lung capacity :*A) Vital capacity :B) Tidal volume :C) Expiratory reserve volume :D) Inspiratory reserve volume 2. Involuntary breathing is caused by the

A) Pituitary gland :B) Exocrine gland :C) Cerebral cortex :*D) Medulla oblongata :E) Endocrine gland 3. Carbon monoxide is dangerous because :*A) It binds strongly to hemoglobin, making it unavailable to oxygen :B) It binds strongly to plasma, making it unavailable to carbon dioxide :C) It raises the blood’s pH level, causing a person to hyperventilate :D) Carbon monoxide is not harmfull, we have it in our bodies normally 4. Clubbing of the fingers could be a sign of :A) A viral infection :B) An upper respiratory infection :*C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease :D) Nothing, it’s inherited 5. The need to breathe is caused by :*A) A decrease in blood pH :B) An increase in blood pH :C) A decrease in blood oxygen levels :D) A decrease in carbon dioxide levels 6. A person more susceptible to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease would be :A) A long time smoker :B) A long time fireman :C) A child whose parents smoke :D) A farmer that deals with pesticides :*E) All of the above

7. The exchange of gases between the blood within the capillaries and tissue fluid surrounding the body's cells is called? :A) external respiration :B) cell metabolism :C) cellular respiration :*D) internal respiration 8. The medulla oblongata and pons regulate and measure what?

A) The pH level of your blood
B) Your body temperature
C) The amount of O2 in your blood
D) The amount of air in your lungs

9. About how many alveoli are there in the lungs?

A) 300 million
B) 300 billion
C) 300 trillion
D) 300 thousand
E) None of the above 10. In relation to atmospheric pressure, intrapleural pressure is: :A) more pressurized :*B) less pressurized :C) about the same

11. Hemoglobin gives up oxygen when the environment is more _______. :*A)Acidic :B)Alkaline :C)Icey :D)Open 12. The sac that surrounds your lungs is called what? :A) Diaphragm :*B) Visceral Pleura :C) Pulmonary Thorax :D) None of the above 13. In what cellular organelle is the oxygen actually consumed and carbon dioxide produced?

A) Nucleus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Microfilaments
D) Mitochondria

14. Which of these are protective reflexes?

A) Hiccuping
B) Sobbing
C) Sneezing
D) Itching

15. Where does gas exchange take place?

A) Bronchioles
B) Conchae
C) Pulmonary Capillaries
D) Roots of the Lungs

16. When you hyperventalate you release large amounts of CO2 and drop your O2 levels. As a result you loose the urge to breathe and may pass out. This is called what? :A) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease :B) Asthma :*C) Shallow water black out :D) Pulmonary Fibrosis 17. Acidosis is when you blood pH is below ? :A) 7.05 :B) 7.15 :C) 7.25 :*D) 7.35 18. When we exhale deeply some air is still left in the lungs, this air left is called? :A) Tidal Volume :B) Vital Capacity :C) Expiratory reseerve Volume :*D) Residual Volume

The gastrointestinal system[edit]

1. This is released in the duodenum in response to acidic chyme

A) Cholecystokinin
B) Gastrin
C) Secretin
D) Peptide

2. In the GI tract, this layer is responsible for absorption and secretions

A) Mucosa
B) Sub mucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

3. This digestive enzyme is produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas

A) Maltase
B) Amylase
C) Pepsin
D) Nuclease
E) Lipase

4. This keeps the chyme in the stomach until it reaches the right consistency to pass into the small intestine

A) Esophageal sphincter
B) Intrinsic sphincter
C) Cardiac sphincter
D) pyloric sphincter

5. The site where most of the chemical and mechanical digestion is carried out

A) Pylorus
B) Fundus
C) Stomach
D) Large intestine
E) Small intestine

6. Parietal cells secret

A) Serotonin
B) Mucus
C) Pepsinogen
D) Hydrochloric Acid
E) Gastrin

7. The cells at the base of fundic or oxyntic glands

A) Chief cells
B) G cells
C) Argentaffin cells
D) Goblet cells
E) Parietal cells

8. The movement and the flow of chemicals into the stomach is controlled by

A) Nervous system
B) Pancreas
C) Various digestive system hormones
D) Liver
E) Both the nervous system and various digestive system hormones

9. The function of the Ileum is

A) Absorb nutrients
B) Absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts
C) To introduce bile and pancreatic juices
D) Absorb alcohol and aspirin

10. The liver does this

A) Glycogen storage
B) Plasma protein synthesis
C) Bile production
D) Drug detoxification
E) All of the above

11. How many layers is the G.I tract composed of?

C)Four (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa)

12. Name the 7 accessory organs.

  • Salivary glands, parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, vermiform appendix


1. Nonessential amino acids

A) are stored in the body
B) are only needed occasionally
C) can be produced in the body
D) can be taken in supplements

2. Micronutrients include

A) minerals and vitamins
B) lipids and fatty acids
C) amino acids and proteins
D) vitamins and minerals

3. The body requires amino acids to

A) produce new red blood cells
B) produce new protein
C) replace damaged red blood cells
D) replace damaged protein
E) A and C
F) B and D

4. The function of lipids

A) store energy
B) organ protection
C) temperature regulator
D) emulsifiers
E) all of the above


A) B12
B) Folic Acid
C) Niacin
D) Thiamine
E) Retinol

6. This vitamin is needed to make red blood cells

A) B1
B) B2
C) B6
D) B12

7. This participates in the synthesis of hemoglobin and melanin

A) Copper
B) Chloride
C) Calcium
D) Iron
E) Iodine


A) she has a vitamin A deficiency
B) she is old and just clumsy
C) she has a vitamin K deficiency
D) she has scurvy
E) she has rickets

9. As a pirate I may get scurvy because

A) I am not getting enough vegetables on the ship
B) I am not getting enough fruit on the ship
C) I am eating too much fish on the ship
D) I am getting too much sun on the ship
E) I am drinking too much rum on the ship


A) I have too much vitamin A
B) I have too much B12
C) I have too much sodium
D) I have too much vitamin E
E) I have too much vitamin K

11. Which of these are fat soluable?

A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin A
e) All of the above

The Endocrine System[edit]


A) glucagon
B) insulin
C) epinephrine
D) adrenocorticotropic
E) None of these


A) his beta cells don’t function correctly
B) his alpha cells don’t function correctly
C) his DA hormone isn’t functioning correctly
D) his GHRH hormone isn’t functioning correctly

3. The reason iodine is in salt is

A) to prevent diabetes
B) to prevent simple goiters
C) to prevent addison’s disease
D) to prevent cushing syndrome

4. All hormones react to a negative feedback except

A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin
E) none of these


A) calcitonin
B) parathyroid
C) glucocorticoids
D) glucagon

6. Hormones that are lipids that are synthesized from cholesterol

A) protien
B) amino acid-derived
C) polypeptide
D) steroids
E) eicosanoids


A) water soluble
B) lipid soluble
C) steroid
D) polypeptide
E) a and d
F) b and c

8. Endocrine glands release hormones in response to

A) Hormones from other endocrine glands
B) Chemical characteristics of the blood
C) Neural stimulation
D) All of the above

9. The anterior pituitary secretes

A) oxytocin
B) endorphins

10. Chief cells produce

A) epinephrine
B) glucagon
C) insulin
D) mineralocoticoids
E) parathyroid hormone

11. Name the eight major endocrine glands.

  • Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, testes/ovaries, adrenal gland, pineal gland


  • Amino acid-derived, polypeptides/proteins, steroids, eicosanoids, glycoprotein, amines

The male reproductive system[edit]

1. This is needed to make immature sperm mature


2. These become engorged with blood in an erection

A) corpora cavernosa
B) fibrous envelope
C) septum pectiniforme
D) integument
E) dorsal veins

3. The difference between male and female sperm

A) female sperm have a larger head
B) male sperm are lighter
C) female sperm are faster
D) male sperm are weaker
E) A and B
F) C and D

4. The entire process of sperm formation takes about

A) 5-6 weeks
B) 7-8 weeks
C) 3-4 weeks
D) 9-10 weeks

5. Hyper Activation occurs when

A) the sperm are introduced into the urethra
B) the sperm are ejaculated into the vaginal canal
C) the sperm begin to interact with the fertilizing layer of an egg cell
D) the sperm reach the cervix

6. It takes sperm ___________ weeks to travel through the epididymis

A) 6-8
B) 1-3
C) 2-4
D) 4-6

7. While singing in the choir, Ben suddenly notices his voice is constantly cracking. This is caused by

A) androgens
D) Ben’s inability to sing

8. In sexual homology, the glans penis in the male is equal to _____________ in the female

A) clitoral hood
B) clitoris
C) clitoral glans
D) clitoral crura

9. In sexual homology, the ___________ in the male is equal to the fallopian tubes in the female

A) testis
B) appendix testis
C) vas deferens
D) seminal vesicle
E) efferent ducts

10. Joe has a bulge in the groin area that seems to get worse when he lifts things. This most likely is

A) epididymitis
B) testicular cancer
C) varicocele
D) hydrocele
E) inguinal hernia

The female reproductive system[edit]


A) labia majora
B) clitoral hood
C) clitoris
D) labia minora
E) none of the above


A) uterus
B) clitoris
C) cervix
D) labia majora

3. This protects the vaginal and urethral openings

A) labia majora
B) labia minora
C) clitoris
D) urethra


A) her period will begin soon
B) nothing, this is a normal occurrence
C) she has a yeast infection
D) she is ovulating


A) nothing, its normal in women
B) antisperm antibodies
C) an overproduction of LH
D) leaking of milk from her mammary glands
E) problems becoming pregnant


A) ovulation pain
B) her period that will be starting tomorrow
C) premenstrual syndrome
D) a blood clot resulting from her birth control pill


A) endometriosis
B) ovarian cancer
C) candidasis
D) toxic shock syndrome
E) amenorrhea


A) natural family planning
B) a diaphragm
C) contraceptive injections
D) a spermicide foam

9. The release of LH in woman causes

A) menstration
B) ovulation
C) increase of endometrial lining
D) decrease of endometrial lining
E) nothing LH only does something in the male reproductive system

10. When the ovaries stop producing estrogen, this occurs

A) ovulation
B) implantation
C) premenstrual syndrome
D) menopause

11. Infertility affects what percentage of couples?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%


A) Tubal ligation
C) Natural family planning
D) Abstinence

Pregnancy and birth[edit]

1. Is at this stage that an egg implants in the uterine lining

A) morula
B) zygote
C) blastocyst
D) embryoblast

2. Which part of the embryoblast will become the central nervous system in development

A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm

3. This hormone is only produced in the human body when a woman is pregnant

A) estrogen
C) progesterone

4. By this week of pregnancy, the beginnings of all major organs have formed

A) 4
B) 7
C) 5
D) 6
E) 8

5. Stem cells are found in the embryoblast and use of them is very controversial, another place to find stem cells that are usable to treat leukemia and other disorders is the

A) morula
B) chorion
C) amnion
D) amniotic fluid
E) umbilical cord

6. The cervix dilates on an average of ______ per hour in the active phase of labor

A) 2 mm
B) 2 cm
C) 1mm
D) 1 cm

7. The contractions of the uterus are stimulated by the release of

A) oytocin
D) prolactin
E) estrogen

8. A sign of pre-labor is

A) irregular contractions
B) pain in the front only
C) loss of the mucus plug
D) contractions stop during rest

9. This is the most common complication of pregnancy

A) preclampcia
B) miscarriage
C) smoking
D) Rh factor
E) teratogens

10. Sue decides to breastfeed because she has been told that colostrum contains

A) high protein
B) low fat
C) immunoglobulins
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

11. What is the first milk, after birth, called?

A) thrush
B) mastitis
C) colostrum
D) milk let down

Genetics and inheritance[edit]

1. DNA is found on

A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) chromosomes
D) cytoplasm


A) express, repress
B) genotype, phenotype
C) dominate, recessive


A) show the expression of a recessive allele
B) mask the expression of a recessive allele
C) show that there are dominant alleles on both chromosomes
D) none of the above

4. Transcription occurs in the

A) cytoplasm
B) gogli apparatus
C) mitochondria
D) nucleus




A) all of her siblings also have cystic fibrosis
B) only her dad is a carrier
C) only her mom is a carrier
D) both of her parents are carriers


A) a chromosome abnormality on chromosome 21
B) a chromosome abnormality on chromosome 19
C) a chromosome abnormality on chromosome 20
D) a chromosome abnormality on chromosome 22
E) No chromosome abnormality, these are his inherited traits

8. The most common inherited disease is

A) hemochromatosis
B) cystic fibrosis
C) sickle cell anemia
D) hemophilia
E) all of the above


A) also be a carrier of hemophilia
B) be resistant to malaria
C) have children that all have sickle cell anemia
D) have children that all have malaria
E) none of the above

10. Hemophilia is

A) a Y linked disease
B) an XY linked disease
C) an X linked disease

Development: birth through death[edit]

1. Growth is the most rapid in

A) puberty
B) childhood
C) infancy
D) adulthood
E) Growth is always the same

2. This hormone stimulates puberty



A) is quicker, lasts longer
B) accelerates more slowly, lasts longer
C) is slower, shorter
D) None of the above

4. This quality symbolizes adulthood in most cultures

A) stability
B) method/tact
C) endurance
D) objectivity
E) all of the above


A) as a child she had a supportive family
B) she likes to help solve the problems of others
C) as a teenager her self-esteem was low
D) as a baby she wasn’t breastfed


A) feel safe
B) gain self-esteem
C) have friendship
D) have food
E) all of the above


A) slowest
B) quickest
C) average
D) none of the above


A) bleeding
B) frequent urination
C) itchiness
D) none of the above
E) all of the above


A) Progeria
B) osteoporosis
C) Alzheimer’s
D) dementia


A) progeria
B) cancer
C) congestive heart failure
D) osteoporosis
E) heart attack