India is an ancient country with a complex, multi-faceted culture that Westerners may find bewildering. Still, learning the customs of a foreign country is part of the adventure of travel. It also helps you better understand the people and avoid difficulties that may arise from misunderstandings.

Social Status

Because a caste system existed in India for many centuries, people continue to be highly aware of social hierarchy and their place within it. Age, academic degree and profession all help to determine status; so does caste, to this day. First greet the oldest or most senior individual in a group. Those with titles should be addressed using their titles. Use "Sir" or "Madam" for those without professional titles. Don't call people by their first names unless invited to do so, especially when addressing older Indians.

Physical Contact

Compared to Westerners, Indians are not given to much physical contact; they are a much more reserved society. Men might exchange handshakes with each other, and women might shake hands with each other, but a man and a woman will rarely shake each other's hand. Refrain from public displays of affection and do not touch anyone's head. Both are considered improper. Avoid even casually touching people.

Be Patient

When speaking, Indians do not express themselves as directly as Westerners. They will politely make small talk, say things you want to hear and avoid making quick decisions. They are very conscious of following protocol, so major decisions are made at higher levels. Be prepared for delays and vague replies. Do not show frustration or lose your temper; Indians are non-confrontational. You are more likely to get what you want by being courteous, patient and persistent.

Table Manners

Don't seat yourself. Wait for someone to tell you where to sit. It is customary to decline the first offer of any refreshments. You may accept later when the offer is repeated. At a formal meal, the guest of honor is usually served first, then the men and children. Traditionally, the women will serve the men and eat later. Indians eat using the right hand. Leaving a little food on your plate means you have eaten your fill. An empty plate means you are still hungry.

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