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For other uses, see Scamander (disambiguation).
Water, or the Fight of Achilles against Scamander and Simoeis by Auguste Couder, 1819.

Scamander /skəˈmændər/ (Skamandros, Xanthos) (Ancient Greek: Σκάμανδρος, Ξάνθος) is the name of a river god in Greek mythology. According to Hesiod, he is the son of Oceanus and Tethys. He is alternately described as a son of Zeus. He was the father of King Teucer, whose mother was the water nymph Idaea. He was also mentioned as the father of Glaucia.

Scamander fought on the side of the Trojans during the Trojan War (Iliad XX, 73/74; XXI), after the Greek hero Achilles insulted him. Scamander was also said to have attempted to kill Achilles three times, and the hero was only saved due to the intervention of Hera, Athena and Hephaestus. In this context, he is the personification of the Scamander River that flowed from Mount Ida across the plain beneath the city of Troy, joining the Hellespont north of the city. The Achaeans, according to Homer, had set up their camp near its mouth, and their battles with the Trojans were fought on the plain of Scamander. In Iliad XXII (149ff), Homer states that the river had two springs: one produced warm water; the other yielded cold water, regardless of the season.

According to Homer, he was called Xanthos by gods and Scamander by men, which might indicate that the former name refers to the god and the latter one to the river itself.

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