Presentation Description

No description available.


By: sheni123 (68 month(s) ago)

it gave me help for presentation

By: nanoor2 (76 month(s) ago)

excellence. Help me so much in teaching

By: avongrace (87 month(s) ago)

god bless you.. mwahhh

Presentation Transcript

Abortion : 


What is abortion? : 


Types of Abortion : 

Types of Abortion Spontaneous Abortion Induced Abortion

Slide 4: 

Threatened abortion  Inevitable abortion Complete abortion Incomplete abortion Missed abortion Types of spontaneous abortion:

Slide 5: 

Menstrual Extraction (endometrial or vacuum aspiration) Dilation and Evacuation (D & E) (also called vacuum suction or suction curettage) and Dilation and Curettage (D & C).  Prostaglandin or Saline Administration Hysterotomy Types of induced abortion:

Slide 6: 

The most frequent cause of miscarriage is abnormal fetal formation, due to either to a teratogenic factor or a chromosomal abberation. Poor maternal nutritional status In others, immunologic factors may be .present or rejection of the embryo through an immune response. It also involves the implantation abnormalities. Etiology

Slide 7: 

It also occurs if the corpus luteum fails to produce enough progesterone to maintain the decidua basalis. Infection such as rubella, syphilis, poliomyelitis, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmiosis can also cause abortion. Ingestion of teratogenic drugs can cause abortion.

Slide 8: 

Uterine cramping, low back pain. Vaginal bleeding usually begins as dark spotting, then progresses to frank bleeding as the embryo separates from the uterus. ß-hCG level may be elevated for as long as 2 weeks after loss of the embryo. Clinical Manifestations

Diagnostic Evaluation : 

Diagnostic Evaluation Ultrasonic evaluation of the gestational sac or embryo Visualization of the cervix; presence of dilatation or tissue evaluated

Complications : 

Complications Uterine infection Septicemia Hemorrhage Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC) in missed abortion.

Slide 11: 

Abnormal Fetal Formation Immunologic Factors Infection Teratogenic Factors (smoking, alcohol, drugs) Rejection of the embryo through immunologic response Crosses placenta Fetus fails to grow Decrease estrogen and progesterone production Endometrial sloughing Release of prostaglandin which causes uterine contractions and cervical dilatation Miscarriage Schematic Diagram of Abortion

Slide 12: 

Nursing Diagnoses

Slide 13: 

Nursing Diagnosis Risk for fluid volume deficit r/t maternal bleeding Nursing Interventions Report any tachycardia, hypotension, diaphoresis, or pallor, indicating hemorrhage and shock. Draw blood for type and screen for possible blood administration. Establish and maintain an IV with large-bore catheter for possible transfusion and large quantities of fluid replacement.

Slide 14: 

Anticipatory grieving r/t loss of pregnancy, cause of abortion, future childbearing Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Interventions Assess the reaction of patient and support person, and provide information regarding current status, as needed. Encourage the patient to discuss feelings about the loss of the baby’ include effects on relationship with the father. Do not minimize the loss by focusing on future childbearing; rather acknowledge the loss and allow grieving. Providing time alone for the couple to discuss their feelings.

Slide 15: 

Nursing Diagnosis Risk for infection r/t dilated cervix and open uterine vessels Nursing Interventions Evaluate temperature q 4H if normal, and every 2H if elevated. Check vaginal drainage for increased amount and odor, which may indicate infection. Instruct on and encourage perineal care after each urination and defecation to prevent contamination.

Slide 16: 

Acute pain r/t uterine cramping and possible procedures Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Interventions Instruct patient on the cause of pain to decrease anxiety. Instruct and encourage the use of relaxation techniques to augment analgesics. Administer pain medication as needed and as prescribed.

Slide 17: 

Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Interventions Knowledge deficit r/t signs and symptoms of possible complications Teach the woman to observe for signs of infection (fever, pelvic pain, change in character and amount of vaginal discharge), and advise to report them to provider immediately. Deal with client’s anxiety. Present information out of sequence, if necessary, dealing first with material that is most anxiety producing when the anxiety is interfering with the client’s learning process. Teach client of the complications for a mother has reason to be especially worried about her infant’s health.

Slide 18: 

Thank you!!!

authorStream Live Help