Global optimum

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Polynomial of degree 4: the trough on the right is a local minimum and the one on the left is the global minimum. The peak in the center is a local maximum. There is no global maximum.

In mathematics, a global optimum is a selection from a given domain which provides either the highest value (the global maximum) or lowest value (the global minimum), depending on the objective, when a specific function is applied. For example, for the function

f(x) = −x2 + 2,

defined on the real numbers, the global maximum occurs at x = 0, where f(x) = 2. For all other values of x, f(x) is smaller.

For purposes of optimization, a function must be defined over the whole domain, and must have a range which is a totally ordered set, in order that the evaluations of distinct domain elements are comparable.

By contrast, a local optimum is a selection for which neighboring selections yield values that are not greater (for a local maximum) or not smaller (for a local minimum). The concept of a local optimum implies that the domain is a metric space or topological space, in order that the notion of "neighborhood" should be meaningful.

If the function to be maximized is quasi-concave, or if the function to be minimized is quasi-convex, then a local optimum is also the global optimum.

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