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Social software and media, the virtues of agile development, and the new Iranian revolution

General Information - Blog

altThe Web is now social. Increasingly, people young and old are spending a substantial part of their social lives by using the Web. Social networking sites like Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Twitter, and many others, are giving people the ability to maintain various social interactions and connections with friends, family, and acquaintances. Indeed using Facebook one often hears of how people are reconnecting with old friends and making new ones. Twitter has quickly transformed into one of the best means for sharing real-time information on various topics all across the Web. YouTube’s videos can transform the fortune of unknown talented individuals from the most remote part of the world as well as shed light on issues and facts that otherwise would have been completely ignored.

altAs the world bears witness to the recent unrest in Iran, the power of social media has never been clearer and more manifest. Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube are giving a voice, a face, and a communication channel to the people on the streets of Tehran. All this comes despite the efforts of the Iranian regime to shut down media and reporters across the country. While it is uncertain how this new revolution in Iran will end up and as the world continue to watch intensely, there is one undeniable truth, and that is the unintended impact of social media. As Clay Shirky puts it, social media has enabled the democratization and amplification of the voices of the people... 

But what does social media or social software have to do with OOPSLA?  Surely they are software systems but what else does the conference bring to help this new wave of Web software?

It is true that social software is about connecting and empowering people and thus appears to be a purely social phenomenon that simply is enabled and constructed using basic Web software principles and approaches... There is, however, an important and subtle aspect that is hard to see on the surface and that has its roots in OOPSLA. In a nutshell it is about agility... Looking deeper at the various social media sites aforementioned, one other thing becomes ample clear. Many of the usages and social consequences of these sites were mostly, if not completely, unintended.

Most of the sites started with initial ideas of connecting people but ended up with emerging usage patterns that are truly powerful and consequential. The creators of Twitter did not set out to create the new voice for modern democratic revolutions---that fact has emerged accidentally. So, the question becomes: how does one create software that can have the type of profound social impacts and successes such as Twitter? There is no “cookie cutter” solution, however, one well known approach (one that was used at Twitter) is to use software frameworks and principles that are in line with the principles of agile software development.

At a recent talk at IBM’s Almaden Research Center, Twitter’s CEO Jack Dorsey was asked by Almaden Ph.D. intern Ajith Ranabahu, if in the light of recent scaling issues that Twitter has experienced, would Dorsey and the original Twitter founders have chosen another language or another framework to create their company. While Dorsey acknowledged some of the limitations of the Ruby on Rails platform they are using, he was quick to say that he would still have made the same framework choice given another chance... Dorsey's reasoning is simply that the key factor is not one of scaling and architecture, but rather of agility and speed of development. alt

Rails is well known for providing both development speed and agility in bundles. By being able to materialize their ideas quickly, Dorsey and the other Twitter co-founders created a working version of their site in a few weeks which let them observe the initial users and also let them continuously iterate and find the subsequent micro and now macro successes. With each group of users, new patterns emerged and Dorsey and team could quickly iterate, adjust, and malleably modify their software to match the emerging usages and patterns. Without the agile virtues of Ruby on Rails, it is doubtful Twitter would be the phenomenon that it has become today.

As maybe the preeminent incubator of agile software development thinking during the last decade and a half, and the place where agile has gone mainstream, the OOPSLA conference it seems, has been a key enabler for the Agile movement that has inspired frameworks like Rails and indirectly sites such as Twitter. The agile practices of test-driven development, pair programming, continuous integration, and the SCRUM team organization approach, have roots either directly or indirectly at OOPSLA, or have progenitors that frequently attend and participate at the conference. And if we go even further, the virtues of rapid, instant, prototyping and having “the customer as the driver”, like Kent Beck likes to say, now may be taking their natural course in social media and crowd sourcing of content.

And while social software is undoubtedly a phenomenal success, there remains some serious challenges, and this also is where the OOPSLA community could help further. First, there are the programming challenges. The amplification attributes of Twitter and Facebook occur because the Web is now programmable. Using APIs and simple scripts, it is easy to create aggregation points, as well as new data sinks and sources for information flowing through the social media channels. This is how a tweet from the streets of Tehran can flow, be retweeted, and end up, almost instantaneously, on the television screens of millions in the United States and Europe. The challenge is making it quick and easy for anyone to collect, filter, and aggregate social media information.

Second, and perhaps most importantly, are the challenges around the provenance of the information that is flowing through the social media channels. Now that everyone has a voice, it becomes increasingly difficult to discern authentic voices from those trying to manipulate the system. Here, research in data provenance, data mining, and data filtering for the massive amount of realtime and streaming data is key. Realtime and stream programming pose significant and fundamental challenges that beg for systems, frameworks, and programming language help.

Finally, as in all computing for open systems (such as the Web), the concerns of privacy and security remain paramount. It is now well accepted that addressing these persistent issues cannot be done after the fact, but are aspects that must be addressed at the early stages of development. There is a clear need to share best practices and uncover patterns to help overcome these challenges...


So while social media and social software are helping transform the fabric of social interactions from the hills of Silicon Valley, to the bars of Austin, to the cafes of Paris, and to the streets of Tehran, remember that many of these social consequences were not planned, but rather emerged from the resulting empowering software that is itself possible due to the virtues of agile software development and practices...  And together with the community that produced and helped agile practices go mainstream, we can help address some of the important remaining social media challenges so that the new voice of the people can persist, remain strong, and authentic.


Go here to watch Dorsey's talk at Almaden and Ajith's question in toward the end.


  1. Initial post on 06/27/2009