Biology Unit 1.4 Revision Notes (Lungs)

I hope you find these useful!

Basically, I have divided my notes up into parts of the syllabus, so 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6 are separate documents, but are all on here.

The part of the syllabus relevant to these notes is on the cover page at the start of the notes.

Sorry for any spelling mistakes or anything :L.

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Lung The gross structure of the human gas exchange system limited to the alveoli, bronchioles,
bronchi, trachea and lungs.
The essential features of the alveolar epithelium as a surface over which gas exchange takes
The exchange of gases in the lungs.
Pulmonary ventilation as the product of tidal volume and ventilation rate.
The mechanism of breathing.
Lung Structure
Air Oxygen (%)
Dioxide (%)
Inspired 20 0.…read more

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Oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli, across the thin, squamous alveolar epithelium and the
capillary endothelium and into the haemoglobin in the blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli from the blood and is breathed out
Alveolar Adaptations
Rate of Diffusion
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Breathing Mechanism
Lungs lie within the thoracic cavity, a space enclosed by the ribs and diaphragm
Breathing involves the alternate increase (inspiration) and decrease (expiration) of the air
pressure in the lungs relative to the atmospheric pressure
Inspiration Expiration
1. The intercostal and diaphragm muscles 1. The intercostal and diaphragm muscles
contract relax
2. This causes the ribcage to move upwards 2.…read more

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The equation is:
P ulmonary ventilation = T idal volume ×V entilation rate
Tidal volume is the volume of air in each breath (usually about 0.…read more

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The The course of infection, symptoms and transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Biological The effects of fibrosis, asthma and emphysema on lung function.
Basis of
Lung Candidates should be able to
Explain the symptoms of diseases and conditions affecting the lungs in terms of gas
exchange and respiration
Interpret data relating to the effects of pollution and smoking on the incidence of
lung disease
Analyse and interpret data associated with specific risk factors and the incidence
of lung disease
Recognise correlations and causal relationships.…read more

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Effects of Fibrosis, Asthma and Emphysema
Fibrosis, asthma and emphysema all reduce the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli.…read more

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REALLY useful, thankyou very much!!! :D :D

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