Blood Parasites

Home > Flashcards > Print Preview

The flashcards below were created by user kris10leejmu on FreezingBlue Flashcards. What would you like to do?

  1. What is a rickettsia?
    • Specialized small gram-negative, rod to coccoid-shaped bacteria
    • Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Cowdria, Wolbachia, Neorickettsia
  2. Most rickettsial infections are treated with which class of antibiotic?
  3. Many rickettsial organisms can be transmitted between cattle mechanically via human intervention. List five ways in which humans commonly act as mechanical vectors to transmit rickettsial organisms such as Anaplasma marginale.
    • Dehorning
    • Bleeding
    • Castrating
    • Ear tagging
    • Vaccinating (fomites)
  4. The vector for Ehrlichia canis is _____?
  5. What does Anaplasma platys cause?
    Canine Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia
  6. What is meant by the term "reservoir"?
    Population of animals that carry the organism (example: raccoons are a reservoir for rabies)
  7. What are factors that increase an animals susceptibility to Mycoplasma haemofelis?
    • Immunosuppressed
    • FeLV positive
    • Splenectomized animals
  8. How can Mycoplasma haemofelis be distinguished from stain precipitate?
    Focus up and down. In focus with edge of RBC (on same focal plane as RBC). It's not refractile (shiny)
  9. Is Mycoplasma haemofelis detrimental to cats? Dogs? What does it cause?
    It is detrimental to cats (1/3 of untreated cats will die and many of those that recover will have recurring episodes due to stress). Not detrimental to dogs. Causes Feline Infectious Anemia.
  10. What is the effect of EDTA on Mycoplasma haemofelis organisms and what should you do about it?
    Will fall off of RBC. Make slide immediately.
  11. Can Mycoplasma haemofelis be ruled out by a negative blood smear? Why?
    No, it can not rule it out because it could take awhile for it to show up on a smear. 50% false negatives
  12. What species is affected by Anaplasma marginale?
  13. What does Anaplasma marginale cause?
  14. Is Anaplasma marginale more severe in adults or young animals?
  15. What are the clinical signs of Anaplasma marginale?
    • Depressions
    • Inappetence (lack of appetite)
    • Fever
    • Decrease in milk production
    • Weight loss
    • Dehydration
    • Icterus
    • Death
  16. How is Anaplasma marginale spread?
    • Ticks
    • Biting flies
    • Mechanical transfer (dehorning, bleeding, castrating, ear-tagging, vaccinating)
  17. How is Anaplasma marginale diagnosed?
    • Small blue dots on edge of RBC up to 1 um diameter
    • May not stain well
    • Serological test available
    • PCR
  18. How is Anaplasma marginale treated and controlled?
    • Treated:
    • Tetracyclines
    • Limit stress
    • Control vectors (insect and tick repellants)
    • Fomites (don't mix with blood)
    • Vaccine available
  19. Controlled:
    • Doxycycline at least 1 month
    • Tick control
  20. How is Eperythrozoon spread?
    • Blood sucking insects (lice)
    • Fomites (syringes and surgery)
  21. Who is affected by Eperythrozoon?
    • Swine
    • Sheep
    • Cows
    • Llamas
  22. What does Eperythrozoon look like?
    • Coccoid, rod, and ring shaped
    • On the surface of RBC
    • In plasma
    • Surrounding platelets
  23. Do Rickettsia have cell walls?
    No. They can not survive outside a cell
  24. How are bacterial obligatory parasites (rickettsials and mycoplasma) spread?
    Blood-sucking insects (ticks and fleas most common)
  25. What is a PCR test?
    Tests for an organism's DNA
  26. What are the different organism in blood?
    • Mycoplasma haemofelis
    • Ehrlichia
    • Anaplasma
    • Eperythrozoon
  27. What is a fomite?
    Inanimate object that transmit disease or parasite (hair brush, dehorners, surgical instruments)
  28. What is vector?
    Living organism (usually an arthropod) that transmits disease (or transmit parasite)
  29. What are the two types of vectors?
    • Biological
    • Mechanical
  30. What is a biological vector?
    Part of parasite's life cycle must occur within the vector (example: mosquito)
  31. What is a mechanical vector?
    Parasite undergoes no life cycle change within the vector (the vector is only used to transport the organism)
  32. How is Mycoplasma haemofelis usually transmitted?
  33. Mycoplasma haemofelis is seen in ____ of cats.
  34. What does Mycoplasma haemofelis look like?
    • Coccoid to rod-shaped
    • Very small
    • Stains blue
    • On the edge of RBCs
    • One to several per cell
  35. How is Mycoplasma haemofelis treated?
    • Doxycycline
    • Enrofloxacin (in Baytrl)
  36. When is Mycoplasma haemocanis seen?
    only in splenectomized dogs
  37. Where are Ehrlichia canis seen on a blood smear?
    Morula is in monocytes
  38. What happens as Ehrlichia canis affects marrow?
    Pancytopenia (no RBC or WBC)
  39. How can Ehrlichia canis be transmitted?
    • Ticks
    • Blood transfusions
  40. What are the clincial signs of Ehrlichica canis?
    • Signs variable
    • Fever
    • Lymphadenopathy
    • Splenomegaly
    • Thrombocytopenia
    • Inappetence
    • Depression
    • Fever
    • Stiffness
    • Edema of limbs
    • Coughing
    • Dyspnea
  41. How is Ehrlichia canis diagnosed?
    • Blood work
    • Serologic test available (Ab-may take weeks to develop)
    • PCR
    • May have mild normocytic, normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia
  42. What type of cell does Anaplasma platys affect?
  43. How is Anaplasma platys diagnosed?
    • Serological tests
    • Organisms are rarely seen on a blood smear
  44. When does thrombocytopenia occur with Anaplasma platys?
    At 10-day intervals
  45. How is Anaplasma phagocytophilum diagnosed?
    • 4DX test
    • Mild to severe thrombocytopenia seen in more than 80% of acutely infected dogs
  46. What does Anaplasma phagocytophilum look like on a blood smear?
    Membrane-bound vacuoles of intracytoplasmic organisms (morula) can sometimes be observed in circulating neutrophils
  47. What are the clincial signs of Eperythrozoon?
    • Severity variable
    • Most disease is mild and transient (only lasts a short time)
    • Hemolytic anemia
    • Fever
    • Anorexia
    • Icterus
    • Weakness

  48. What parasite is on these cells?
    Anaplasma Marginale (seen in cattle...on the margins of the RBCs)

  49. What is in this neutrophil?
    Anaplasma Phagocytophilum (membrane-bound vacuoles of intracytoplasmic organisms (morula) seen on neutrophils)

  50. What is this arrow pointing to?
    Anaplasma Platys (seen on platelets...causes canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia)

  51. What is on these platelets?
    Anaplasma Platys

  52. What is on these platelets?
    Anaplasma Platys

  53. What is on this monocyte?
    Ehrlichia Canis

  54. What is on this monocyte?
    Ehrlichia Canis

  55. What is on this monocyte?
    Ehrlichia Canis

  56. What is on these RBCs?
    Eperythrozoon (seen in swine, sheep, cows, and llamas...on RBC surface, in plasma, and surrounding platelets)

  57. What is on these RBCs?
    Mycoplasma Haemofelis (coccoid to rod-shaped, stains blue, very small, on edge of RBCs, one to several per cell)

  58. What is on these RBCs?
    Mycoplasma Haemofelis

Card Set Information

Blood Parasites
2012-02-03 20:55:25
Lab Tech

Lab Tech
Show Answers:

What would you like to do?

Home > Flashcards > Print Preview