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Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya Domain Eubacteria Archaea

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Presentation on theme: "Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya Domain Eubacteria Archaea"— Presentation transcript:

1 Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya 2007-2008 Domain Eubacteria Archaea
Common ancestor

2 General characteristics
Classification criteria eukaryotes heterotrophs feed by absorption mostly multicellular except unicellular yeasts cell wall sexual & asexual reproduction So that’s 3 times cell walls have evolved: bacteria, fungi, plants

3 Fungal Structure Fungal body Cells Cell wall mycelium multiple nuclei
thread-like cells hyphae Cells multiple nuclei Cell wall chitin polysaccharide + N just like crab shells

4 Aaaaah, structure–function relationship!
Internal structure chitin cell wall septum Eukaryotic cells long, thread-like cells filamentous incomplete divisions between cells septum multiple nuclei pore nuclei Aaaaah, structure–function relationship!

5 Fungi live IN their food! It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!
Modes of Nutrition Heterotrophic secrete digestive enzymes feed by absorption parasites feeding on living creatures predators paralyzing prey decomposers breakdown dead remains plant cell fungal hypha plant cell membrane plant cell wall Fungi live IN their food! It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!

6 Fungal Diversity Zygomycota Ascomycota Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota

7 Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture!
Ecological Roles Decomposers recycle nutrients Symbiotic Relationships lichen fungi + algae cyanobacteria or green algae pioneer species in ecosystems makes soil from bare rock mycorrhizae fungi + plants live in & amongst plant roots enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients Lichens grow in the leftover spots of the natural world that are too harsh or limited for most other organisms. They are pioneers on bare rock, desert sand, cleared soil , dead wood, animal bones, rusty metal, and living bark. Able to shut down metabolically during periods of unfavorable conditions, they can survive extremes of heat, cold, and drought. As adaptations for life in marginal habitats, lichens produce an arsenal of more than 500 unique biochemical compounds that serve to control light exposure, repel herbivores, kill attacking microbes, and discourage competition from plants. Among these are many pigments and antibiotics that have made lichens very useful to people in traditional societies. Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture!

8 Mycorrhizae Critical role in plant growth
extends water & nutrient absorption of roots without mycorrhizae with mycorrhizae Endomycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza

9 Reproduction Asexual Sexual budding in yeast spores
spread by wind joining of + & – haploid spores haploid spores

10 Adult female meiosis male mitosis & maturation haploid (n) diploid 2n
Gametes egg sperm adult male (diploid) 2n adult female (diploid) 2n Offspring germ- line cells fertilization MITOSIS mitosis & development MEIOSIS MEIOSIS Zygote 2n n Egg (haploid) n Sperm (haploid) n germ-line cells somatic cells FERTILIZATION MITOSIS zygote (diploid) 2n

11 Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle
spores (haploid) mating strain hypha sporangium MEIOSIS mating strain (2n) diploid (n) haploid FUSION of + and – gametangia

12 Basidiomycete Life Cycle
gills lined with basidia fruiting body basidium (n + n) dikaryotic 2n (diploid) (n) haploid zygote strain MEIOSIS spores FUSION of and hyphae strain

13 Fairy Rings

14 The FIRST Antibiotics

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