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Zika Virus




Image #   26444C
Name:   Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Copyright:   Copyright 2007 Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.
Description:   Caption: Extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by dermal fibroblasts. The extracellular matrix is a complex structural tissue component surrounding and supporting cells in mammalian tissues. The ECM is often referred to as the connective tissue. The ECM is composed of 3 major classes of biomolecules: 1) Structural proteins - collagen and elastin, 2) Specialized proteins - such as: fibrillin, fibronectin, and laminin and 3) Proteoglycans - complex proteins and long chains of repeating disaccharide units called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, such as: hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, heparan sulfate). Collagens are the most abundant proteins found in the animal kingdom. It is the major protein comprising the ECM. There are at least 12 types of collagen. Collagens are predominantly formed by fibroblasts but epithelial cells also synthesize these proteins. Fibronectins attach cells to a variety of extracellular matrices. Fibronectin attaches cells to all matrices except type IV that involves laminin as the adhesive molecule. Laminin anchors cell surfaces to the basal lamina. All basal laminae contain a common set of proteins and GAGs. These are type IV collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, entactin and laminin. The basal lamina is often referred to as the type IV matrix. Many cells bind to components of the extracellular matrix. The cell to ECM adhesion is regulated by specific cell surface cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) known as integrins. The integrins transmit mechanical stimuli from the ECM to the cytoskeleton.
Magnification*: x1,000
Type: SEM
Keywords:   03.01.07 medical fibroblast extracellular matrix ECM epidermis fibroblasts extracellular matrices biomolecules collagen elastin fibrillin fibronectin laminin proteoglycan proteoglycans complex protein complex proteins disaccharide disaccharides glycosaminoglucan glycosaminoglucans GAG GAGs collagens epithelial cell epithelial cells epithelia cell epithelia cells epithelium type IV type IV collagen type IV matrix basal lamina basal laminae heparan sulfate heparan sulfate proteoglycan heparan sulfate proteoglycans entactin ECM adhesion extracellular matrix adhesion cellular adhesion molecule cellular adhesion molecules CAM integrin integrins epidermal SEM cytoskeleton structural protein structural proteins 26444C

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