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What does the following mean?

Context: Laplace integrals

Consider the integral $$\int_a^b f(t) \exp(x\phi(t))\,\,\,dt$$ where $\phi(t) $ achieves its maximum at some $t=c\in (a,b)$. Assume that the maximum is quadratic.

What could a "quadratic maximum" mean?

Thank you.

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I don't know, but maybe if you add what you need to prove / what is proven under this assumption we can infer from context? –  Alfonso Fernandez Jan 18 '13 at 12:16
It proceeds to say that then the integral behaves like a Gaussian integral near $c$. I suppose it means that $\phi(t)$ can be approximated by a function of the form $ax^2+bx+c$? Or simply $ax^2$? –  bond Jan 18 '13 at 12:23

1 Answer 1

up vote 2 down vote accepted

Since $\phi(t)$ reaches a maximum at $c$, assuming that $\phi''(c)\lt0$, near $c$ we have $$ \begin{align} \phi(t) &=\phi(c)+\phi'(c)(t-c)+\frac12\phi''(t-c)(t-c)^2+O(t-c)^3\\ &=\phi(c)+\frac12\phi''(t-c)(t-c)^2+O(t-c)^3 \end{align} $$ Thus, $\phi$ behaves like a quadratic function near $c$.

Therefore, we get the stationary phase approximation: $$ \begin{align} \int_a^bf(t)e^{x\phi(t)}\,\mathrm{d}t &\stackrel.=e^{x\phi(c)}\int_a^bf(t)e^{\frac12x\phi''(c)(t-c)^2}\,\mathrm{d}t\\ &\stackrel.=e^{x\phi(c)}f(c)\sqrt{\frac{\vphantom{\lambda}2\pi}{-x\phi''(c)}} \end{align} $$

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Thank you, robjohn! –  bond Jan 18 '13 at 12:39

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