Connecting the Cougar and the Bison

I was reading E.M. Forster’s novel Howards End when the Graeme Patterson exhibit Secret Citadel opened at the Surrey Art Gallery.

I never thought these cultural artifacts would have anything in common—a classic book written about turn-of-the-century English society and a sculptural installation containing detailed miniature scenes by a contemporary Canadian artist.

But, in an odd way, they did. They both talked about the end of friendship.

I was at the artist’s tour of Secret Citadel as Patterson led the crowd around his chronological work that starts with complex miniature versions of his and his childhood friend Yuki’s homes in Saskatchewan.


“The Mountain”

Then Patterson walked us over to two life-sized bunk beds called “Camp Wakonda.” Two boys play archery on the top level. On the bottom, a car crashes with a school bus and erupts in flames.


“Camp Wakonda”. Installation image at Art Gallery of Hamilton. Photo by Mike Lalich.

In an interview with The Now Newspaper, Patterson says:

“It speaks about adolescence and destruction and where friendships go to die. I had a car accident with a van when I was 16. No one got hurt, but a friendship was basically ruined. It was my fault…. There was a lot of guilt and this is the semi-fictional spark that ignites those memories.”

Turns out Secret Citadel is all about Patterson’s friendships—not just with Yuki, but all his male friends at some point in his thirty-something life. That’s why he puts animal heads (a cougar and a bison) onto two human figures as a broader form of representation. You see these masked characters jumping on a trampoline as children, wrestling each other in adolescence, and drinking in bars alone as adults.

It got me thinking about the unfortunate ways that friendships die.

In Howards End, two close sisters with liberal values, Margaret and Helen, become torn apart when Margaret gets engaged to Mr. Wilcox, a rich older widower who represents a system and values so different from their own—capitalist, rational, unfeeling.

While there are multiple tragedies in the novel, the dissolution of the sisters’ friendship was the sharpest to me. Helen cannot like Mr. Wilcox and tells Margaret so. She dislikes him even more when she finds out he had a mistress in his first marriage. This mistress is now the wife of Helen and Margaret’s friend Leonard, who is impoverished due to some ill-timed business advice that Mr. Wilcox gave him.

After hearing the scandalous news, Margaret resolves to forgive her fiancé and stay with him. Helen, however, runs away to Germany and avoids Margaret, barely replying to her letters.


“Player Piano Waltz”. Installation image at Art Gallery of Hamilton. Photo by Mike Lalich.

It was at this point in the novel where I really started to care about the characters. The sisterly affection that seemed so cemented began to crack. They became the estranged friends in Patterson’s final sculpture, “Player Piano Waltz,” shown in separate window frames drinking in a bar alone and riding an elevator up and down from their bachelor apartments as a haunting melody plays on the keys below.


“Player Piano Waltz” (detail) via NGC Magazine.

All of us can relate to these characters even though Patterson is speaking from his own experience. Friends we once cared for are now close only in memory (or via Facebook status updates). Maybe the relationship ended over a specific disaster or it was subject to the drifting tides of time, place, and circumstances. Both are sad. But since the latter is an inevitable part of growing up, the former feels especially tragic—when two people don’t have a “natural” reason to be friends anymore.

Refreshingly, Forster takes a similarly tragic situation threatening two sisters’ friendship and offers us a different resolution. The picture closing Howards End is one of unexpected community. Two fragmented houses are reconciled under one roof thanks to Margaret and her ability to bridge the softened Mr. Wilcox with the pregnant Helen who ran away because she was carrying Leonard’s baby.

Margaret’s thoughts about marrying Mr. Wilcox strike a surprising resemblance to the anthropomorphized cougar and bison in Secret Citadel:


And then comes her insight that sums up the theme of the book:


Forster’s novel shows a believable and beautiful example of what can happen when there is a willingness to connect. Margaret’s language implies we are fully human when we do this—when we choose to connect our lives with others by loving, forgiving, and showing grace, even to those who see things so differently from us. When we love, we’re building a bridge towards wholeness, offering a picture of the world as it could be.

It made me wonder what the narrative arc of Patterson’s tale would be had his friend forgiven him for the car crash. Certainly there would still be bittersweet moments, but maybe a friendship wouldn’t have been relegated to the secret citadel of memory. Maybe the cougar and the bison would take off their grudges, resentments, and hurts they wear like masks, step across the room, and drink a pint together.


Graeme Patterson: Secret Citadel runs until March 20 at the Surrey Art Gallery.


4 thoughts on “Connecting the Cougar and the Bison

  1. I loved Howards End, but since I read it when I was younger, different themes stood out for me. Thanks for your post, I want to go re-read that book now.

  2. On the topic of friendship and how some friendships disolve even though you once cared deeply about each other, relationships can only stay together when there is a mutual need for each other or enjoyment of each other’s company. Some friendships are meant to dissolve like ex-romantic partners. I sometimes think of friendship like romantic relationships. As sad as I am to see it dissolve, somewhere someone is no longer interested in working on the relationship. When the relationship is that of a couple, the couple can re-negotiate values, priorities and interests. But when the relationship is just that of a friendship, you can’t really demand your friend to reassess their new values or priorities. You could adapt their values and priorities, but that’s not a real solution either.

    The sisters in Howard’s End end up converging again, not because they settled on the same values, but because one needed help and the other was willing to offer. What happens to friendship where both don’t end up needing each other? Would these friendships converge again? Is the solution to divergent friendships to open up, be vulnerable, seek for help and offer help? Then the question would be, if the friend has new values and priorities, would you feel comfortable to be vulnerable, to ask for help when uncertain where you stand on their priority list.

    • hey Anna, thanks for sharing your thoughts. I hadn’t really considered the distinction you made about how couples in long-term relationships can/should re-negotiate values, but we can’t necessarily expect our friends to do the same, like the commitment level isn’t as strong. Hmm. That’s probably when friendships fade, and I think that’s an okay thing if your values/priorities are heading in such opposite directions, but it seems harder to accept when the drift is between members of the same family who were previously so close. Helen and Margaret had so much at stake, so much to lose. They both needed each other, but what they needed was less of a material exchange and more about simply love.

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