Easter Island Red Hat Mystery Revealed

Four massive statues on Easter Island all appear with the mysterious red hats. British archaeologists believe they have solved the mystery of how the hats appeared on the statue in the first place.
Robert Harding

British archaeologists said they believe they have solved the ancient mystery of how the giant stone statues on Easter Island acquired distinctive red hats.

The researchers said the key to the mystery lies in their discovery of a road on the tiny Pacific island.

The hats were built in a quarry hidden inside the crater of an ancient volcano, and then rolled by hand or on tree logs to the site of the statues, said the team from the University of Manchester and University College, London.

The archaeologists examined the way the hats, each weighing several tons and made of red scoria, a pumice-like volcanic rock, were moved by Polynesians between 500 and 750 years ago.

They were placed on the heads of carved stone human figures known as moai standing on ceremonial platforms which encircle the island's coastline.

But the riddle of how they were raised and attached remains unsolved.

Dr. Colin Richards from the University of Manchester said: "We now know that the hats were rolled along the road made from a cement of compressed red scoria dust with a raised pavement along one side.

"It is likely that they were moved by hand, but tree logs could also have been used."

Dr. Sue Hamilton, of University College, London, said: "The hat quarry is inside the crater of an ancient volcano and on its outer lip. A third of the crater has been quarried away by hat production."


Richards said there was evidence the quarry, known locally as Puna Pau, had previously produced statues before changing to hats.

"Initially the Polynesians built the moai out of various types of local stone, including the Puna Pau scoria, but between 12,000 to 13,000 B.C., Puna Pau switched from producing statues to hats.

"The change correlated with an increase in the overall size of the statues across the island."

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