Wednesday, December 26, 2012

Easy Ways to Sprout Seeds for Your Chickens

By Sue

This Article Contains:
An Explanation of Why Someone Would Want to Sprout
An Explanation of the Difference Between Sprouting and Growing Grass (Fodder)
A Simple Sprouting Method
A Simple Method for Growing Grass (Fodder)
An Explanation of Why I Choose Sprouts Rather Than Grass (Fodder)

I wanted to share an EASY way to do sprouts in hopes it would give someone encouragement to try it as an excellent feed source for their chickens.

First a little Background Information

Why is sprouting a good idea?
The main reason folks sprout their seeds and grains is to make the nutrients in them more available for digestion.  Seeds and grains come with a "preservation system" that is designed to protect their stored proteins, fats and minerals over an extended period of time until conditions are right for germination and growth. This "preservation system" consists of items that are "antinutrients" when ingested. 

In simple terms, the chemistry involved keeps our bodies from being able to use several nutrients provided in the grains.  Antinutrients can also bind to nutrients in our intestinal tract that are from other food we eat and render them indigestible as well!  It's thought that these antinutrients help protect the seeds from pest infestation and/or ingestion by animals, keeping them from being devoured before they can germinate in the natural setting.  Grains and seeds can sometimes even pass though the digestive system intact, then are excreted in the feces due to this preservation system and are still be able to sprout and grow!  

The antinutrients found in grains and seeds include:
-Phytic Acid
-Enzyme Inhibitors
-Hard-to-Digest Proteins

Problems associated with ingesting these antinutrients include blocking calcium, magnesium, copper, iron and zinc in the intestinal tract leading to deficiencies in these essential minerals.  They can also cause stress to the pancreas, inhibition of digestion in general, allergies and digestive disorders.  

Sprouting or fermenting seeds and grains reduces or eliminates the antinutrient properties inherent in grains and increases bioavailability of many nutrients including B vitamins, vitamin C, folate, fiber, and essential amino acids such as lysine.   As the seeds sprout, enzymes that are needed to properly digest the proteins in the grains are produced making them available for our use.


I prefer sprouting the whole grain seeds rather than adding them to the fermented feed as sprouting is a process that happens in nature, quickly breaking down the antinutrients, and producing the enzymes necessary for their digestion without the high acid content produced in fermentation.  I currently only use fermentation for feeds that contain ground grains or pellets that cannot be sprouted.

A second reason for sprouting is that it produces a greater amount of feed for our money.  Similar to fermenting feed (ff) it gives us a greater "bang for our buck", not only making the grains more useable nutritionally, but also resulting in reduction of feed and grain used partly due to increased volume created by sprouting and partly by increasing useable nutrients.  This is another great way to lower feed costs while at the same time producing a healthier flock from the same items you're already feeding!

When discussing sprouting seeds and grains, it seems that there is a bit of confusion about some terms like "sprouts" and "fodder" (or sprouting to the grass stage).  

A "sprout" consists of a seed that is just beginning to grow a small root.  This is what I call the "short tail stage". 

 Photo:  Sunflower Seeds & Wheat Sprouted Together

Fodder is continuing to allow the sprouts to grow until they reach the "grass stage."  

Photo:  Wheat Sprouted to the "Grass Stage" - Also Referred to as "Fodder"

My Sprouting Method
So...on to my simple sprouting method!   This whole process takes less than a minute each time I attend to it.

For a small flock of birds, sprouts can be done right on your kitchen counter taking very little time or effort.  For the small flock, I use a stainless steel strainer and a large bowl.

1.  Put as many seeds you want to sprout into the strainer(s)
2.  Put the strainer(s) in the large bowl(s) and cover with water.  Let soak overnight.

Photo:  Sunflower Seeds Soaking

Photo:  Wheat Berries Soaking

3.  Drain off the water in the morning by lifting the strainer out of the bowl.  Dump out the water left in the bowl, then rinse the seeds by running water over them from the faucet and shake out the excess water into the sink.

4.  Put a canning jar ring in the bottom of the empty bowl and set the strainer with the seeds on top of it.  This lifts up the strainer and allows room for any moisture to drain from the strainer while keeping the seeds from sitting in the water below.  (If you don't have a jar ring, get creative and find something to use that you DO have!  The goal is to allow the strainer to drain without having the seeds sitting in water in the bottom of the bowl.)

Keep the bowl in an area where it won't receive direct sunlight.  Sometimes I just put a paper towel over the top to keep out excessive light.

5.  One or 2 times daily, lift the strainer out of the bowl and rinse under cold water from the faucet.  Then either toss the seeds around a bit in the strainer (like tossing a pizza dough) or give them a little stir with your hand and replace the strainer back in the bowl on the ring.  (The rinsing and tossing or stirring with your hand is important.  This will keep any molds from growing in your seeds.)
6. Repeat step 5 for 2-3 days (until short root tails appear on the seeds). 

Photo:  Wheat Sprouts

Photo:  Sunflower Sprouts

Photo:  Mixed Sunflower and Wheat Sprouts

7.  Feed by tossing on the ground.  Chickens are designed to peck and scratch for their food on the ground.  They love the treasure hunt!

A Few Sprout Notes:
-The strainers pictured came in a set from Bed Bath and Beyond  
You can use any strainer that you may already have with mesh that is small enough to contain the seeds.

-You can mix seeds together for sprouting if they sprout at similar rates.  Wheat and Sunflower seeds work well together. 

When Sprouting for a larger flock of birds you can use plastic food-grade 2, 3, or 5 gallon buckets that can often be obtained from the local supermarket bakery department free or a for small charge.  To make a straining bucket, drill holes about 1/2" apart in the sides and bottom that are small enough to contain the grains but large enough for the water to drain through easily.  Add seeds to the straining bucket.  For soaking, place the straining bucket down inside another regular bucket and cover the seeds with water.  After soaking overnight, lift the strainer bucket out, drain, empty water from bottom bucket and proceed the same as with the smaller scale strainer and bowl method, rinsing 1-2 times a day and tossing or stirring with your hand each time to prevent the sprouts from molding or matting together.

Growing "Fodder" - To the "Grass Stage"
Some people like to continue to grow their sprouts to the grass stage (also called fodder) to provide some grass during winter months or in situations in which their birds cannot free-range.  Fodder is very appropriate for ruminant animals but, in my opinion, should be fed carefully to chickens (which are not ruminants).  Ruminant animals are equipped with a multi-gastric digestive system that is conducive to digesting and using nutrients from green plants in a way that mono-gastric animals (including chickens and human beings) are not able to achieve.  When chickens graze fresh grass growing out on pasture they are able to nip off small pieces that can be easily handled in the crop.  These are eaten in addition to "animal proteins" (worms, bugs, snakes, toads, etc.) that are very important for their health.  If growing fodder, I feel it is important to keep the grass blades relatively short to avoid any digestive problems.

Sprouting is also very "fool-proof" when it comes to mold and root-rot issues which can quickly become a problem when growing to the grass stage, rendering them unfit to feed.

Since sprouting is so simple and quick, is easy-to-digest, and sprouting to the grass stage seems to offer very little extra nutritional benefit for chickens, I very seldom grow my sprouts into grass.  Occasionally, however, I put out a tray in the winter.

My "Grass Growing" (Fodder) Method For Small Flock:

1.  To grow the sprouts to the fodder stage, I simply follow all the steps for sprouting above adding another day or 2 until the rootlets are about 1/2" long.  (See notes below.)

2.  Pour sprouts into a flat container and spread to cover the bottom of the tray. The container shown in the photos was purchased at the local discount store for about $3. (If you're growing for a larger flock you can use larger containers, several smaller containers, plant growing flats, etc.  Again, get creative - you may already have something around the house that will work!)

Photo:  Transfer sprouts to growing tray.  

3.  Use a spray bottle to mist the sprouts several times a day as needed. Sprouts should feel damp when touched with the back of your hand.  The seeds will retain a good amount of moisture; be sure no water is pooling in the bottom of the tray as this will create conditions conducive to mold growth and root rot.  (With trays that have drainage holes, the excess moisture can drain out the bottom.  The plastic container shown does not have drain holes and works well but you could add holes if you want.)

4.  Repeat step 3 approximately 3-4 days until the grass is appropriate for feeding.  Note that the seeds will swell and a dense, thick root mat will form.

Photo:  Day 2 in tray.

Photo:  Day 2 in tray.

Photo:  Day 3 in tray.

Photo:  Day 4 in tray.

-Feed grass/fodder either by putting the whole tray out for the chickens or you can tear off pieces of the seed mat and feed smaller portions at a time.  The chickens will eat it all - grass, roots and seed.  My birds tend to go for the seeds and roots before eating the grass!  BE SURE THERE IS NOT MOLD OR ROT on the seed mat when feeding. 

Grass (Fodder) Notes:  

-When growing to the grass stage, I prefer to sprout using the strainers or buckets to the short root  stage before putting them into the trays for several reasons.  One is that during the initial sprouting stage there is a good amount of "starchy substance" that is being drained from the seeds in the rinsing process. That starchy substance can become a problem in the bottom of a growing tray by creating an environment conducive to mold growth and root rot.  This is true even if  you are using trays with drainage holes.  Another reason is that I may sprout a large batch for feeding right away and only remove a small portion for the growing tray(s).

-When growing grass (fodder) for larger flocks there are lots of ideas and methods that are much more labor and equipment intensive. I, personally, would likely not grow grass on a regular basis for a large flock unless I had ruminants that would also benefit from the grass.  I feel the increased benefits of fodder vs. sprouts is very little for chickens and feeding sprouts is much simpler at a larger scale without the concerns regarding mold, root rot, and no need to purchase special equipment.

Some Helpful Links:

Whole Grains Council on Sprouted Grains

Weston A. Price Foundation:  Be Kind to Your Grains and They'll Be Kind to You

The Modern Homestead:  Sprouting to Enhance Poultry Feeds (Harvey Ussery)

Harvey Ussery shows how he uses multiple buckets to sprout for a larger flock of birds.

Backyard Chickens SproutingThread:  Anybody Raise Sprouts to Feed the Chickens
Be careful not to confuse "sprouting" with growing grasses or "fodder".  As stated above, there is a bit of confusion on those terms and posters on these threads carry out some of that confusion!
Lots of different methods for sprouting shown. 

I found Kassaundra's bag sprouting method interesting -  shown here:

Sprouting Bag/Method:

Backyard Chickens Fodder Thread:  Growing Fodder for Chickens
Be careful not to confuse "sprouting" with growing grasses or "fodder".  Folks posting on this thread in particular seem to use the word "sprouting" to describe growing grass/fodder.  This is an incorrect use of the term.
This thread shows some very elaborate fodder growing systems.

An especially helpful post by PacaPride who grows fodder for his Alpacas here:  Read any of his posts for good info on fodder.

Quartz Ridge Ranch Fodder Posts
Some good photos and info. here.

There are LOTS of good links and references to see photos and methods listed throughout the 2 Backyard Chicken forums listed above.


  1. great explanation of different between sprouting and fodder. Thanks for spelling it out so nicely.

  2. I was going to look this up today! thanks for putting it up.


  3. I do like the sprouts too. My fodder is quite short, almost between a sprout and fodder.

    You explain things so well. Thank you so much.


  4. It is easy to eliminate the risk of mold growing on the fodder. First, wash containers thoroughly in bleach water (1 T to 1 gallon, I believe). Second, when you are rinsing your seeds prior to soaking them, add a bit of bleach to the water, let sit for a few minutes, and then rinse thoroughly. I do this when I'm first immersing/draining the seeds to remove chaff and dirt. Fourth, you have to allow the sprouts to drain thoroughly--I would not grow them in a container without drainage holes. I lay a paper towel overtop of the seeds to keep them moist but I also make sure water can drain freely from the bottom. Fifth, twice a day rinse the growing seeds completely, draining off the starchy water and adding fresh. Finally, grow your fodder in a cold place--in the 60s is about right. These steps will eliminate any problems with mold.

    I've watched my birds graze and they snip off pretty bit pieces--so big they look like a robin swallowing a worm. I'm not worried about them eating a 3 inch long piece of fodder. Besides, fodder does contain beta carotene so it is healthier than just sprouts. And, while you're already sprouting, why not go a few more days and get more food...definitely even MORE bang for your buck.

    1. I've never had a problem with mold when I grew them without holes in the bottom. However, if I were going to grow to the grass stage more often I might use a container with more drainage. I just don't douse them.

      Now...just my own opinion...I'd never put bleach into anything I'm going to eat or that I'm going to feed my animals. What I've found is that if you tend to your sprouts/fodder well, mold is not really an issue.

      Again...just me .02.


    2. Good point about the bleach. I should've clarified that the seeds sit in the bleach water for about 2 minutes at the very beginning. After that I rinse my seeds at least 3 more times to remove dirt and chaff. And, this step is done before the seeds sit in water to begin swelling so the seeds are still pretty hard and non-absorbent during the bleach bath. It's just to kill off mold spores on the surface. I agree that you need to rinse very well after to remove any chance that bleach remains.

    3. I once got the advice to soak my sprouting seeds in vinegar instead of bleach. I do 10 min in vinegar and then rinse well and soak. I have only grown for home consumption. Looking forward to growing for chickens.

  5. Great info. I have a question, though. What if all of the same seeds/legumes in the batch don't sprout within a few days or so? Go ahead and feed to chickens anyway before most of them go too far past sprouting?

    1. Yes you can go ahead and feed. If you decide to feed them before they're all sprouted it's okay. Just the soaking and the beginning of germination makes them more bio-available and, according to research, there will be benefit in just the soaking period. could wait longer if you wanted to. It won't hurt them to grow a bit longer.

      When I choose different seeds to sprout together in the same batch I try to choose seeds that sprout at close to the same rate. If you're sprouting a ready-mixed bag that won't work, of course! So you just go with the flow on that!

    2. Thank you. That is good to know that just the soaking period is beneficial. Makes sense about them having the same germination rate. Can't wait to try this with a variety of seeds....and with a variety of time tables. :)

  6. Are there certain seeds you would rather ferment vs sprout? Or do you only ferment whole feeds? I would like to not buy prepackaged feeds and make my own with individual ingredients and what we can grow/buy locally. I am open to a combination of sprouts and ff. Thanks for this great website!

    1. I know one lady that ferments all her whole grains but feeds her regular (pelleted I believe) feed dry in a free-feed feeder.

      I ferment the regular feed that I get from the feed mill and sprout whatever whole grains/seeds I have.

      I guess that just illustrates that we all just have to work out what works best for our situations!

  7. How long will a batch stay good? Is this something you feed everyday?

  8. Do you have a list of what you sprout together and what is appropriate for chickens? Thanks

  9. I thought I would share this for the poster that mentioned using bleach to clean her seeds/grains.

    Something to consider before using bleach.

  10. I'd like to know if feeding sprouts and fermented feed is ok for brand new baby chicks? Any advice?

    1. You can feed fermented feed from day one. I would wait a few days before feeding sprouts (mom usually takes chicks off the nest on day 2 or 3) and then make sure they have access to chick grit for digestion.

  11. This is great info. I have been growing fodder for my sheep and goats, as well as my chickens, turkeys and quail. After reading this post, I am going to start sprouting for the birds, instead of giving them fodder. Thanks!

  12. I recently tried sprouting wheat for my chickens, but i used a different method. The website that I found my instructions off of said to keep the wheat in jars of water until they sprout. I kept them like that for 3 days and changed the water twice a day. They smell very rancid. I was wondering if this is bad? should I just throw it in the trash and start over? will it harm the chickens?

    1. You should throw them away, unfortunately. They will rot if you keep them in water like that.

      You CAN do sprouts in a jar, however. Here's the way to do it:

      Some Supplies:
      Canning Jar
      Jar ring

      -Put your seeds in the jar. Only about 1/4 of the jar capacity with the dry seed. Remember they will expand.

      -Fill the jar with water; soak your seed overnight.

      -Put some cheesecloth over the jar lid and screw on the lid ring. Dump out the water. (The cheesecloth is to keep the seed in while letting the water out.

      -Thoroughly rinse the seed with clean water, dumping all the water out; seeds remain damp.

      -Put in a dark area. Rinse the seeds as above at least twice daily until the sprouts are desired length.


  13. I've been doing chia seeds because they sprout very quickly. Think I will try my Scratch and Peck feed, too!

    1. many scratch feeds contain cracked corn and other cracked or hulless grains. these will not sprout, simply rot/mold... you are better off purchasing single grains for the purpose of sprouting. the key word on choosing grains for sprouting is WHOLE.

      you want whole oats, whole wheat, whole corn. don't use anything that refers to cracked, rolled, hulless or groats as they won't be as likely to sprout since the seed casing has been damaged and/or removed.

    2. Scratch and Peck is all whole grain stuff. It ferments beautifully.

  14. What seeds are good for sprouting for chickens?

    1. I usually use anything that could be used in regular chicken feed but NOT legumes. So many of the legume seeds are toxic unless cooked. And I found that my birds avoid all legumes if they can - even when they're sprouted.

      I mostly use items like sunflower, oats, wheat, barley, etc.

  15. Thank you for this very helpful information, I am always looking to make my chicken feed a bit more interesting and it will be healthier and bulk up the amount of feed I give them hence saving some money.

  16. Using a cap full of white vinegar in the soaking stage makes a big difference and you don't have the worry of bleach taint remaining.

  17. Purchased a 500 lb minibag of whole oats and I feel they have a moldy smell. I cannot see any mold but I suspect it was taken off the field when damp, etc. Can this be used for sprouting or should I just compost the whole bag?

    1. The best thing you can do is just bleach it for a few minutes as the lady said. that should kill most of the molds. if you have any doubts, you could follow up with a wash of hydrogen peroxide, after rinsing the bleach from the seeds.
      One thing that is neglected in these articles, as you are sprouting seeds for the chickens, use some of the sprouts for use in your own daily food. It makes for healthier diet and it would make it seem like less of a chore as you doing the sprouting.
      You can use the sprouts in everything from soups to rice, or stir fry. Preferably you do not want to eat it raw.


  19. Wonderful post! Just wondering what you feed along with your sprouted grain or are sprouted grains a complete feed? Thanks

  20. Thank you for all the info!! A Question on Fermentation. I understand that whole seeds can be fermented, but what about commercial "Layer Pellets", which is ground up seeds, kernels etc.? Can this be fermented for any health benefit for my 50 hens?

  21. Thank you for your post - it's very helpful!! I do have a question though... Where do I find the grains? Do they have to be a specific type, or will just any "whole" grain work? Thanks! :)


Let us know what you think. We LOVE getting feedback!
