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What characteristic do all individuals with cerebral palsy have?

a form of motor disability

Which term refers to excessive fluid collecting between the layers of the tunica vaginalis?


Which of the following refers to fibrocystic breast disease?

Fibrocystic breast disease is progressive development of fluid-filled cysts and fibrous tissue

Which is/are sexually transmitted infection(s) usually considered asymptomatic in women?


What is the probable source of an embolus causing a CVA?

common carotid artery

Which of the following characteristics indicates the CSF is normal?

clear and colorless fluid

Which of the following are common early significant signs of acute prostatitis?

soft, tender, enlarged gland and dysuria

A hard nodule in the peripheral area of the prostate gland is typical of:

a malignant tumor

Which of the following STDs is considered to be a systemic infection?


What is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

remissions and exacerbations

Which of the following is the common first site for metastasis from prostatic cancer?


Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy is nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate.

What is a major predisposing factor to cervical cancer?

sexually transmitted diseases, particularly viral

A brain tumor causes headache because the tumor:

stretches the meninges and blood vessel walls

Which term refers to bleeding between menstrual periods?


Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

onset typically occurs in men and women over 60 years of age

How do testicular tumors usually present?

hard, painless mass

Which of the following statements applies to malignant brain tumors?

primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS

Which of the following is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens?


What may result from cryptorchidism?

testicular cancer

What is the primary cause of type I diabetes?

destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction

What is the cause of Tinea infections?


How can pediculosis be diagnosed?

the presence of nits at the base of hair shafts

Which of the following does not usually develop as a complication of diabetes?


What disease does human papilloma virus cause?

Human papillomavirus causes plantar warts

Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop in a diabetic person?


Which of the following would identify an open or compound fracture?

the skin and soft tissue is exposed at the fracture site

What is the prognosis for osteoarthritis?

damage is irreversible and usually progressive

Which statement applies to menisci?

1. they are fibrocartilage

2. they are secretory membranes in joints

3. they prevent excessive movement of joints

4. they are found in the shoulder joint

1,3 they are fibrocartilage
they prevent excessive movement of joints

Which statement defines a sprain?

tear in a ligament

Choose the statement that applies to type I diabetes mellitus.

onset often occurs during childhood

All of the following predispose to osteoporosis except:

Estrogen replacement therapy does not predispose a person to osteoporosis

What is the cause of psoriasis?

increased mitosis and shedding of epithelium

What is the most common cause of endocrine abnormalities?

benign tumor

Which of the following is characteristic of osteoarthritis?

degeneration of articulating cartilage in the large joints

What is a sign of a dislocation?

deformity at a joint.

Where is a Colles' fracture located?

Wrist (distal radius)

What is the basic pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?

a systemic inflammatory disorder due to an autoimmune reaction

Which signs are typical of Graves' disease?

Exophthalmos, heat intolerance, and restlessness are typical signs of Grave's disease.

What is the most common cause of endocrine abnormalities?

benign tumor

What is the definition of achalasia?

lack of a nerve plexus to relax the lower esophageal sphincter

Where does urine flow?

Urine flows from the collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder


small amounts of bile are continuously secreted and flow into the duodenum

Common causes of urolithiasis include all of the following except:


What is a cause of acute tubule necrosis and renal failure?

prolonged circulatory shock
sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins
crush injuries or burns

Which of the following is likely to lead to acute gastritis?

allergy to shellfish

What is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?

ased reabsorption of sodium and water

Which of the following is true of the visceral peritoneum?

It forms the outer covering of the stomach and intestines
The visceral peritoneum is the outer covering of the stomach and intestines.

Oral candidiasis is considered to:

be an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?


An agent used to promote weight loss is:


What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?

raw or undercooked poultry or eggs

A digestant is intended to:

: Replace deficient enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract

What is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?

exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke

What is thie primary cause of esophageal varices?

portal hypertension

Which of the following congenital defects is a common cause of cystitis in young children?

vesicoureteral reflux

Which of the following apply to cleft palate?

the hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester



What is/are common locations for oral cancer?

floor of the mouth or tongue borders

uretics are generally administered in the:


Which of the following activities does not require muscle contractions and energy?

quiet expiration

What does orthopnea mean?

difficulty breathing in a recumbent position

What describes the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction?

total obstruction of a coronary artery causes myocardial necrosis

Which of the following is a major factor contributing to the current increase in cases of tuburculosis?

the increase in immunodeficient individuals

When does flail chest occur?

several ribs are fractured at two sites

What does the term arteriosclerosis specifically refer to?

degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries

Which of the following would be significant signs of bronchiectasis?

chronic cough producing large quantities of purulent sputum

Which of the following drugs decreases sodium and fluid retention in the body?

hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) Hydrochlorothiazide is a drug prescribed to decrease sodium and fluid retention in the body

Why does ventricular fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?

insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium

Which are predisposing factors to thrombus formation in the circulation?

Damaged blood vessel walls, immobility, and prosthetic valves are all predisposing factors to thrombus formation in the circulation.

What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

chronic irritation, inflammation, and infection of the larger airways

Loss of blood supply in a limb may lead to:


How is acute sinusitis usually manifested?

severe localized pain and tenderness in the face

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

influenza virus

An atheroma develops from:

accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occurred

Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following except:

walking down stairs

What drug is taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion?

acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or Aspirin)

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because it:

promotes thrombus formation

Which are the first arteries to branch off the aorta?

coronary arteries

Which of the following is an enzyme that is used in cancer chemotherapy?


What are typical early general signs/symptoms of anemia?

pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma differs from Hodgkin's lymphoma in that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually presents as:

multiple, scattered, enlarged and painless lymph nodes

Radiation therapy destroys:

primarily rapidly dividing cells


determine the best treatment and the prognosis

Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens.

With the acute leukemias, the increased number of malignant leukocytes leads to:

The increased number of malignant leukocytes in acute leukemias leads to decreased hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, constant bone pain, and splenomegaly

What would be the result of a reduced number of erythrocytes in the blood?

a decreased hematocrit


inflammation around the tumor may be reduced

Which of the following is typical of Hodgkin's disease?


Petechiae and purpura are common signs of:

increased bleeding tendencies

What is the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors based on?

degree of differentiation of the cells

What is a common predisposing factors to leukemia?

exposure to radiation

Which of the following is an example of an antiandrogen?


Hydroxyurea is believed to function in cancer therapy by:

interfering with the formation of DNA

Which anemia is considered to result from a malabsorption problem?

pernicious anemia

The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include:

The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include obstruction of a tube or duct and cell necrosis and ulceration.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor?

cells appear relatively normal

What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?

a defective gene inherited from both parents

Iron-deficiency anemia frequently results from any of the following except:

Iron-deficiency anemia does not result from diabetes mellitus.

The role of memory cells is to:

Memory cells support the immune response by recognizing certain antigens

What method do viruses use to replicate?

using a host cell to produce and assemble components

Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone, may cause:

Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids may cause atrophy of lymphoid tissue and decreased protein synthesis.

Neutrophils are:

Neutrophils are primarily phagocytic cells

Varicella is another word for


The warmth and redness related to the inflammatory response results from:

increased blood flow into the area

The term nosocomial infection means

infection acquired in a hospital or medical facility

Glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation because they directly:

decrease capillary permeability

Which area of the body is sterile?


1 kg equals _____ pounds.

1 kg equals 2.2 pounds.

HIV is transmitted by:

blood, semen, and vaginal secretions from an infected person

The primary side effect of Benadryl is:


The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:

signs and symptoms of a disease

Which of the following is not classified as protozoa?

Plasmodium vivax
Trichomonas vaginalis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Entamoeba histolytica

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Humoral immunity is mediated by:

Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes.

A serious side effect of the immunosuppressives is:

an increased susceptibility to infections

If a drug order states that a drug is to be administered tid, it should be given:

three times per day

Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:

preventative measure

Which of the following is a factor that may affect drug dosage?


: Weight

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease? an inherited disorder
a combination of specific etiologic factors
an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment

an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug

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