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Basic principles of icon design

1. Approach Icon Design Holistically
Icons are used inside the graphic interfaces. If they are designed for desktop software or Web sites, an icon is one of many graphic elements that have to work in unity harmoniously. Carry this logic when you work icon sets as well. Icons can contribute to the project by their aesthetic solutions individually, but they can not function alone. Judge your icons in relation to the graphic system you're using them in. Be certain that each icon is different from it's neighboring icons, while still acting together as a whole.

2. Remember About the Users
You will have various considerations if you're designing an intranet for a private company, rather then fora product that is distributed internationally. When creating icons, social details are important. Symbols may differ for common objects you way want to use for your designs.

3. Draw for the Size the Icon will be Used At
If you pick a vector format and make your graphics in Illustrator, there is strong temptation to scale the image, and try to use it at any size. This doesn't work with icons. What looks good at 512px becomes a blurry smear at toolbar sizes. Icons should have a general idea that is used as a starting point, but each produced size needs to have its own modified design.

4. Keep Icons Simple and Iconic
With all the new OS now promoting icons that can be resized to large sizes (512px by 512px is extra large for an icon), the temptation grows to get creative with your designs. While a certain level of realism can add character to your image, it should not restrict its ability to function clearly and efficiently.

5. Use Consistent [Lighting, Reflections, and Shadows]
It's vital that the photographism you put into your icons all function in the same way. If you set a spot light coming from one corner you should stick with it. Or you will loose the integrated design of your icons. Also consider the light arrangements of the interface your icons will be used in. If the lighting of your icons is contradictory with the Web page or application design you're using them in, then the design will appear amateurish.

6. Utilize a Limited Perspective
The range of perspective inside your icon pack should work together. If you picture objects being looked at from straight ahead then stick with that. If you locate one at a certain angle, then be sure all the icons will look good at that angle also. Imagine a photo camera being placed from a constant viewing spot and looking at all the objects with the same perspective. This helps to maintain consistency in your icon set.

7. Draw Consistent Icon Set Styles
Lighting and Perspective definitely take part in styling of an icon, though there are many other factors that can contribute to the style as well. If you're aiming to fit your icon into a grunge-style Web page design, you'll likely be applying texture to the style of the icon's design.

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