Thyroid hormones: the source, the value of pathology

human body - a coherent system in which all processes are regulated among themselves.And every organ in its composition contributes to maintain the integrity of the work.

Along with the brain is one of the most important mechanisms of regulation - the human endocrine system.It carries out its action by the endocrine glands that secrete hormones that have specific functions and tropism to specific target cells.Thus, the thyroid gland plays an important role in the organism, affecting all types of exchanges.She identifies thyroid hormones that contribute to the physical, mental development in children, provide for the exchange of matter and energy in adults.In turn, their production is regulated by the nervous system, namely, the active compounds of the pituitary and hypothalamic releasing factors.Thus, thyroid hormones are always at a certain level in the blood and increases in the special needs of the body, their droppings can also indicate a lack of thyroid function or iodine.


Glandula thyroidea (thyroid) is attached to the trachea and consists of the right and left lobes connected by an isthmus.Direct synthesis of thyroid hormones made her follicles filled with colloid inside, which is based on protein - thyroglobulin.With further iodination of tyrosine residues in its structure and subsequent summation of the compounds obtained and formed triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine (T3 and T4).The formed tireiodnye hormones are cleaved from the molecule thyroglobulin and released into the bloodstream in free form.They have a different concentration, and vary in potency (T3 stands significantly lower doses, but its potency is much greater than that of T4).However, the effect of hormones on the body have the same: increase fat and carbohydrate metabolism (increased glucose levels) trigger gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen inhibit formation and enhance protein synthesis (in an excessive amount, conversely, enhance disintegration of the latter).

It is manifested by the fact that they support blood pressure and heart rate and body temperature, speed up mental and emotional processes.In the embryonic period thyroid hormones are responsible for the differentiation of tissues throughout the body.In childhood, contribute to the growth and mental development of the child.Furthermore, they enhance erythropoiesis lower tubular reabsorption of water.


In some diseases of the thyroid gland hormone secretion decreases (hypothyroidism).In this case they must be replaced medicines.What can compensate for the lack of content elements such BAKC thyroid hormones?Drugs used in this case - is "Levothyroxine" (T4), "Liotironin" (T3) and a variety of iodine-containing medicines.As a disadvantage, as well as an excess of thyroid hormones lead to metabolic disorders in the body that are clinically manifest violation of homeostasis and psychomotor activity.The degree of damage depends on the age of the patient (only cretinism in children), lack or excess levels of hormones (hyperthyroidism 1, 2, 3 degrees).At last there are shortness of breath, palpitations, increased blood pressure, disorders of all kinds of exchange.With a lack of, on the contrary, decreased metabolism, the patient becomes sluggish, indifferent.