Selasa, 07 Oktober 2008


Arip Nurahman

Pendidikan Fisika, FPMIPA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, Cambridge. U.S.A.

Kurikulum adalah perangkat mata pelajaran yang diberikan oleh suatu lembaga penyelenggara pendidikan yang berisi rancangan pelajaran yang akan diberikan kepada peserta pelajaran dalam satu periode jenjang pendidikan. Penyusunan perangkat mata pelajaran ini disesuaikan dengan keadaan dan kemampuan setiap jenjang pendidikan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan tersebut.

Lama waktu dalam satu kurikulum biasanya disesuaikan dengan maksud dan tujuan dari sistem pendidikan yang dilaksanakan. Kurikulum ini dimaksudkan untuk dapat mengarahkan pendidikan menuju arah dan tujuan yang dimaksudkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran secara menyeluruh.


Historical conception






Curriculum in formal schooling



Currently, a spiral curriculum (or tycoil curriculum) is promoted as allowing students to revisit a subject matter's content at the different levels of development of the subject matter being studied. The constructivist approach, of the tycoil curriculum, proposes that children learn best via active engagement with the educational environment, i.e. discovery learning.

A crucial aspect for learning, understanding by stimulating the imagination, is absent in the so-called "neo-conservative curriculum" that stresses the ineffective aspects of knowledge amounts and of logico-mathematical thinking, i.e. rote learning.[7][8]


Core Curriculum

In education, a core curriculum is a curriculum, or course of study, which is deemed central and usually made mandatory for all students of a school or school system. However, this is not always the case. For example, a school might mandate a music appreciation class, but students may opt out if they take a performing musical class, such as orchestra, band, chorus, etc. In addition, many students today should take several elective music courses. To make the curriculum seem more fair, schools might add 1 or 2 elective classes normally in the areas of technology and computers. This gives the impression that students each have approximately the same number of courses. Students with several musics normally do not have to take these classes. Core curricula are often instituted, at the primary and secondary levels, by school boards, Departments of Education, or other administrative agencies charged with overseeing education. At the undergraduate level, individual college and university administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the liberal arts. But because of increasing specialization and depth in the student's major field of study, a typical core curriculum in higher education mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a high school or elementary school core curriculum prescribes.




Distribution Requirements


Open Curriculum

However, other selective institutions have largely done away with core requirements in their entirety, some examples of which would be the student-driven course selections of Brown University and Cornell University.

Sample curricula

See also



  4. ^ National Education Standards...They're Back! (article)
  5. ^ Diane Ravitch, National Standards in American Education A Citizen's Guide (book)


External links

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