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Définition du mot Probability

Définition du mot Probability dans les dictionnaires et les glossaires de la religion et de la spiritualité
Insurance EN-FR
probabilité (Sachs)
Statistiques (Anglais => Français)
probabilité ; normal probability plot =>   graphique à échelle fonctionnelle normale ; probability distribution => distribution de probabilité
Test Flight and Aircraft Airworthiness
proubable «qu'on peut prouver», 1285; lat. probabilis, de probare. =>Prouver.
bar-estâd-ani (pbp.)
piš-âyand(-a) (Ašuri)
ehtemâl (ar.)
=> fra. selon toute probabilité
=> standard
(David HUME, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding)
Next in certainty to knowledge is probability, which Locke defines as the appearance of agreement or disagreement of ideas with each other. Like knowledge, probability admits of degrees, the highest of which attaches to propositions endorsed by the general consent of all people in all ages.
The next-highest degree of probability belongs to propositions that hold not universally but for the most part, such as “people prefer their own private advantage to the public good.” This sort of proposition is typically derived from history. A still lower degree of probability attaches to claims about specific facts, for example, that a man named Julius Caesar lived a long time ago.
Probability can concern not only objects of possible sense experience, as most of the foregoing examples do, but also things that are outside the sensible realm, such as angels, devils, magnetism, and molecules.

"epistemology." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite. (2006)
Probability then, being to supply the defect of our knowledge and to guide us where that fails, is always conversant about propositions whereof we have no certainty, but only some inducements to receive them for true. The grounds of it are, in short, these two following:--
First, The conformity of anything with our own knowledge, observation, and experience.
Secondly, The testimony of others, vouching their observation and experience.
In the testimony of others is to be considered:
1. The number.
2. The integrity.
3. The skill of the witnesses.
4. The design of the author, where it is a testimony out of a book cited.
5. The consistency of the parts, and circumstances of the relation.
6. Contrary testimonies.

(LOCKE, Of the Degrees of Assent)
Where certainty is unattainable, a rational man will give most weight to the most probable opinion, while retaining others, which have an appreciable probability, in his mind as hypotheses which subsequent evidence may show to be preferable. This, of course, assumes that it is possible in many cases to ascertain facts and probabilities by an objective method--i.e., a method which will lead any two careful people to the same result.

(B. RUSSELL, Sceptical essays, p. 33)
There are two kinds of probability, of which one is exemplified by statistics, and the other by doubtfulness.
The subject of probability owed its origin to the interest of aristocrats in games of chance.

(B. RUSSELL, My philosophical development, p. 142)