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The broker is a middleware that allows various application clients to connect to the database server. As shown below, the CUBRID system, which includes the broker, has multi-layered architecture consisting of application clients, cub_broker, cub_cas, and cub_server (database server).


Application Client

The interfaces that can be used in application clients include C-API (CCI, CUBRID Call Interface), ODBC, JDBC, PHP, Tcl/Tk, Python, and Ruby, OLE DB, and ADO.NET.


cub_cas (CUBRID Common Application Server and broker application server (CAS in short)) acts as a common application server used by all the application clients that request connections. cub_cas also acts as the database server's client and provides the connection to the database server upon the client's request. The number of cub_cas(s) running in the service pool can be specified in the cubrid_broker.conf file, and this number is dynamically adjusted by cub_broker.

cub_cas is a program linked to the CUBRID database server's client library and functions as a client module in the database server process (cub_server). In the client module, tasks such as query parsing, optimization, execution plan creation are performed.


cub_broker relays the connection between the application client and the cub_cas. That is, when an application client requests access, the cub_broker checks the status of the cub_cas through the shared memory, and then delivers the request to an accessible cub_cas. It then returns the processing results of the request from the cub_cas to the application client.

The cub_broker also manages the server load by adjusting the number of cub_cas(s) in the service pool and monitors and manages the status of the cub_cas. If the cub_broker delivers the request to cub_cas but the connection to cub_cas 1 fails because of an abnormal termination, it sends an error message about the connection failure to the application client and restarts cub_cas 1. Restarted cub_cas 1 is now in a normal stand-by mode, and will be reconnected by a new request from a new application client.

Shared Memory

The status information of the cub_cas is stored in the shared memory, and the cub_broker refers to this information to relay the connection to the application client. With the status information stored in the shared memory, the system manager can identify which task the cub_cas is currently performing or which application client's request is currently being processed.