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Fungal Infection (Coccidioidomycosis) in Dogs

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Coccidioidomycosis in Dogs


Mycosis is the medical term for any disorder caused by a fungus. Coccidioidomycosis comes from inhalation of a soil-borne fungus which normally affects the dog's respiratory system. However, it is known (even likely) to spread out into other body systems.


The fungus spores begin in the lungs as round spherules, and live in a parasitic stage in the lungs until they grow large enough to rupture, releasing hundreds of endospores, which then begin a parasitic stage in the tissues, growing and rupturing, spreading out (disseminating) into the body perpetually. Endospores can also take a faster route through the body by way of the lymphatic and blood vessel systems, resulting in systemic infection -- meaning the entire body will be affected. Coccidioidomycosis sets in from 7 to 20 days after exposure, though some dogs can develop immunity and never show any symptoms, especially younger dogs.


Dogs that are susceptible to the infection can become ill from only a small amount of the Coccidioides fungus, and fewer than 10 fungus spores are needed to cause the disorder. And though uncommon, Coccidioidomycosis is a deadly disease that originates mainly in the arid, hot regions of the western and southwestern regions of the U.S., and in several Central and South American countries. Coccidioidomycosis affects many different types of mammals, but tends to occur more commonly in dogs than cats. This infection is also known as valley fever, California fever, Cocci, and desert fever.




Symptoms and Types


  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Lameness
  • Coughing (can be either dry and harsh, or moist)
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Bone swelling/joint enlargement
  • Extreme weight loss with muscle wasting
  • Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenitis)
  • Skin ulcers and draining sores
  • Inflammation of the iris and other front parts of the eye
  • Inflammation of the cornea


It is not uncommon for the infection to spread to other areas of the body. The long bones and joints, eyes, skin, liver, kidneys, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and testes can become infected by the Coccidioides fungus while it is in its parasitic spreading stage. Seizures and heart failure can result from this disorder.






Dogs that spend the most amount of time outside are the most at risk for this fungal infection, especially dogs that have a large amount of space to roam and take frequent walks in deserted areas. Additionally, large dogs are at increased risk, but it is suspected that this is due to them spending more time outdoors than small dogs.




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