Clues on the path to a new lithium battery technology




Light-weight alternatives are thus sought after. "One of the most promising approaches is the lithium air battery in which the lithium cobalt oxide cathode is replaced by carbon particles," explains Johannes Wandt, doctoral candidate and member of Prof. Hubert Gasteiger's team in the Department of Technical Electrochemistry at TUM.

"The theoretical energy density of these new rechargeable batteries is significantly higher than that of traditional lithium ion batteries:" Unfortunately, the technology is not yet ready for everyday use because rechargeable lithium air batteries have only a very short lifetime: After only a few charging cycles the carbon electrode becomes corroded and the electrolytic fluid decomposes. "The problem was that no one knew exactly why," remarks Wandt.

The mystery of the short battery life


The suspicion that singlet oxygen damages batteries is not altogether new. But only now have the researchers detected the highly reactive substance. Why it took so long? "Simply put, no one bothered to look for it," suspects TUM researcher Johannes Wandt. Because of a miscalculation the research community mistakenly assumed that the underlying reaction only occurs at high voltages. A rather complex experimental setup further compounded the situation.

Two years of fiddling


"In addition, we added molecules to the electrolytic fluid that capture the short-lived singlet oxygen and bond it as a stable radical," reports Wandt. "Using a special measuring instrument in Jülich for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, or EPR, we were able to substantiate the formation of singlet oxygen during the charging process.

"The problem has thus been identified – but not averted. Now, the researchers hope to find a mechanism to prevent the formation of singlet oxygen during charging. "Basic research could provide the foundation for the development of novel, long-lasting lithium air batteries," says Wandt.




Singlet Oxygen Formation during the Charging Process of an Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Battery; Johannes Wandt, Peter Jakes, Josef Granwehr, Hubert A. Gasteiger, Rüdiger-A. Eichel; Angewandte Chemie, Intl. Ed., 26.04.2016

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