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Liu Xiaobo: China's most prominent dissident dies

Friday - 14/07/2017 00:35
Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo, who was China's most prominent human rights and democracy advocate, has died aged 61.

The activist had been serving an 11-year prison term for "subversion" and was recently moved to a hospital for treatment for terminal liver cancer.


The Nobel Committee said the "Chinese government bore a heavy responsibility for his premature death".


Who was he?


He and other activists negotiated the safe exit of several hundred demonstrators, and have been credited with saving the protesters' lives.



Image captionLiu Xiaobo and his wife, Liu Xia, in 2002

He was later freed, and continued to campaign for democracy.

The 11-year jail term he was serving when he died was handed down in 2009 after he compiled, with other intellectuals, the Charter 08 manifesto.

This was a call for an end to one-party rule and the introduction of multi-party democracy. Mr Liu was found guilty of trying to overthrow the state.


Who was Liu Xiaobo?

The activist in his own words

Image captionMr Liu's absence at the 2010 Nobel ceremony was marked by an empty chair

The dissident won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010 for his "long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China", but he was not permitted to travel to Norway to accept it.

He was the second person to receive the award while in prison - the other was the German pacifist Carl von Ossietzky, who won in 1935 while incarcerated in a Nazi concentration camp.

Love that survived a labour camp

Analysis: The price of political defiance

By Carrie Gracie, China editor

Chinese authorities refused Liu Xiaobo's dying request to be allowed to travel abroad for treatment. Instead he died as he had lived, under the close watch of the one-party state.



When he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010, he was serving an 11-year prison sentence for subversion. A furious Beijing subsequently placed his wife under house arrest.

Only in a hospital ward in the last days of his life have this suffering couple been reunited, only to be parted again by his death.

More from Carrie Gracie

From prison to hospital

In the weeks leading up to his death, Mr Liu's case became mired in international controversy. Several Western countries urged China to allow Mr Liu to leave the country to seek palliative care elsewhere.

A German and an American doctor who recently visited and examined him in a hospital in the north-eastern city of Shenyang both said he would be able to travel abroad. But Chinese medical experts insisted that he was too ill to travel.

Media captionLiu Xiaobo's friend and fellow dissident Yang Jianli pays emotional tribute

Mr Liu's condition deteriorated shortly after he was admitted to hospital, according to Shenyang's First Hospital of China Medical University.

It said several days of anti-infection and blood treatment had failed to halt his decline, and in the days leading up to his death he had experienced organ failure and difficulty breathing on his own.


Liu Xiaobo memorialised in social art

What has the reaction been?

  • The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said Mr Liu "was and will continue to be an inspiration". Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein also urged China to guarantee Liu Xia freedom of movement, and allow her to travel abroad should she want to.
  • The Nobel Committee said: "The Chinese Government bears a heavy responsibility for his premature death."
  • Human rights group Amnesty International said Mr Liu was "a giant of human rights... a man of fierce intellect, principle, wit and above all humanity".
  • Chinese artist and dissident Ai Weiwei told Reuters news agency: "Liu Xiaobo was not a criminal... China showed how brutal its society can be."
  • US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson: "Mr Liu dedicated his life to the betterment of his country and humankind, and to the pursuit of justice and liberty." He also called on China to release the activist's wife from house arrest.
  • Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen said on Facebook: "The Chinese dream should not be swaggering, the Chinese dream should include the dream of Liu Xiaobo: the implementation of democracy, so that every Chinese person can have freedom and dignity."
  • German Chancellor Angela Merkel: "I mourn Liu Xiaobo, the courageous fighter for human rights and freedom of expression."
  • French Foreign Minister Jean-YvesLe Drian: "Despite long periods of detention and for more than 30 years, he never stopped defending, with courage, fundamental rights and freedom of speech."
 Key: China, Liu Xiaobo

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