Land and Climate

Plants and Animals

People and Culture






Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 bc)

Qin Empire (221–207 bc)

Han Empire (206 bcad 220)

Period of Disunity (220–589)

Sui Dynasty (581–618)

Tang Dynasty (618–907)

Song Dynasty (960–1279)

Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty (1206–1368)

Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)

Qing Empire (1644–1911/12)

Pax Sinica (1683–1795)

Invasions and rebellions

Reforms and revolutions

Revolutionary ideas and organizations

The reforms that were sponsored by the imperial government were too little and too late. A drastic change was necessary. The idea of overthrowing the Manchu was suggested by Liang Qichao in his concept of xin min (new people). Publishing a magazine in Japan, where he had fled after the Hundred Days, Liang called for the Chinese people to renew themselves and also indicated that the Chinese nation was distinct and separate from the ruling…

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Revolution of 1911/12

Republican Period (1912–1949)

People’s Republic of China

Additional Reading