A 49-Hour Fast


By Rabbi Yaakov Asher Sinclair

Can you imagine what it must be like for Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, to last two days? For most of us 25 hours of fasting is quite enough. But during the Second World War, there were people who fasted for 49 hours – two days of Yom Kippur.

When the Germans invaded Eastern Europe during the Second World War, the Mir Yeshiva made a miraculous escape across Europe and Asia to Kobe in Japan. However, when the Yamim Noraim approached, they were faced with a dilemma…

Up till the time of Hillel II, the date of the festivals, Pesach, Shavuos, Succos and Rosh Hashana were established via testimony based on the sighting of the new moon. The new month was declared in Yerushalayim, and it would take many days for the news to reach the furthest outposts of Jewish settlement. Those outlying communities would observe two days of Pesach and Succos etc., and thus they would be sure of observing the festival on the correct day, no matter which day had been sanctified in Yerushalayim as the new moon.

Until the era of Abaye and Rava, the months were still established by sighting. However, from their time onward, the date of the New Moon was established by calculations alone. These computations were given to Moshe at Sinai, and provided for the fixing of the beginning of each month throughout the possible span of world history. Thus all the lengths of all future months in exile were now fixed.

So why is then that if you’re in New York or London or Paris, you’re still keeping two days of Yom Tov? If the calendar is fixed and we know exactly which day is Yom Tov and which isn’t, why can’t we all keep just one day?

The answer is that our sages made a law that we should continue to observe the two days of Yom Tov as was the custom of our forefathers.

However, when our Sages mandated the continued observance of the two-day Yom Tov in the Diaspora as a continuation of the traditions of our forebears, they deliberately omitted a two-day Yom Kippur because it would be dangerous for some people to fast for such a long period.

However, the Mir Yeshiva in Kobe was faced with a different situation: The omission of the sages’ decree to fast two days of Yom Kippur was because we are certain on which day Yom Kippur occurs. However, Japan is close to the International Date Line, (a longitudinal line which lies 180° from Greenwich) and thus there was a real doubt as to which day it was. For this reason, there were those of the Mir Yeshiva who felt compelled to fast for two days. And even others who were less strong, while they could not observe the fast itself, commemorated all the other aspects of this holiest day(s) of the year.

Rambam, Hilchos Yom Tov, ch. 1; Hilchos Kiddush Hachodesh, ch. 5
“Escape to Shanghai”; Rabbi Mordechai Becher


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  1. nonsense beno shel nonsense. those in kobe kept two days because of the shittah of the chazon ish a variant of a shittah of rav moshe lapidus ztl who died in 1899/1900 and was the rav of raisen and a friend of the soloveitchik family. the shittah has to do being beyond 90 degrees from EY (rav lapidus) and not connected by land to EY ( the CI’s variation.)

  2. Dr. Bill.
    Nice selection of words for motzei Yom Kippur. You expect ppl to trust your opinion yet you provide no proof or backing in support of your claim! Perhaps this story by rabbi Sinclair was the reason the morning Mir held two days s whil others did as per rav lapidus.

  3. People in Mir did not hold two days. Rav Chatzkel received word from the Chazon Ish to hold one day and wore his tefillin on the day that the Chazon Ish paskened was Chol.

  4. This needs correction. Rishonim such as Rabbenu Yonah and Rashba have explained that keeping the second day is a minhag. There was never any gezeyra of Chazal requiring to keep the second day after the permanent calendar was established. R. Yossei recommended that Jews in Egypt keep the second day because of possible confusion caused by the governments. As far as two days of Yom Kippur are concerned, even on the issue of the date line, two days would still be an extraordinary chumra….


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