Founder: Karl Marx and Engels (1845) “The Communist Manifesto”, Lenin (1917)

“From each, according to his ability, to each according to his need.” This is one of the phrases that crystallize the meaning of communism. It isn’t easy to get an unbiased definition of communism, but one of the better ones describes it as socialism that abolishes private ownership and seeks to create a classless society.



What is Communism, really?


Founders: Pierre Leroux (1827)

“Socialism is an economic system characterized by public ownership and centralized planning of all major industries (manufacturing, services, and energy), banks and insurance companies, agribusiness, transportation, the media, and medical facilities.”



What is Socialism?


Founders: Adam Smith “Wealth of Nations”


“Capitalism is generally considered to be a philosophy of economic systems that favors private ownership of the means of production, creation of goods or services for profit or income by individuals or corporations, competitive markets, voluntary exchange, wage labor, capital accumulation, and personal finance.”


What is Capitalism? (1948)

Capitalism for Dummies (Fox News)


Founder: Adam Müller, Miguel Primo de Rivera


“Corporatism, as practiced by many modern day democracies, is a set of economic and political policies whereby the government confers a great deal of laws and regulations that benefit businesses, and in particular large corporations that are able to lobby government officials, often times at the expense of individual rights and liberties, and undermining free market capitalism ideals.”


What Is “Corporatism”?;


Founded: Mussolini (1919) “The Doctrine of Fascism”



“Fascism is a form of government that was popular between 1919 and 1945, but became taboo after the Holocaust and the defeat of the Axis powers in 1945. Since 1945, few groups have applied the term to themselves. The term “fascism” has become a universal epithet for anything bad.”


What is Fascism?;


Founded: Giovanni Amendola (1923)


“A totalitarian regime is a government which controls every aspect of the life of the people. People living under a totalitarian regime generally also support it, sometimes almost cultishly, thanks to extensive propaganda missions which are designed to promote a positive view of the government. Citizens are also usually afraid to criticize the government, so they may be outspoken supporters to avoid closer scrutiny.”

Ten Steps To Totalitarianism


Founder: John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson (1870)


“Imperialism is the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination. Imperialism, as described by that work is primarily a Western undertaking that employs expansionist, mercantilist policies.”

Tariq Ali: What is imperialism?


Founded: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon “What is Property”, “The Philosopy of Poverty” (1847). William Godwin (1793) “Political Justice”.




“The theory or doctrine that all forms of government are oppressive and undesirable and should be abolished.”

Anarchism 101: Lesson #1.1 – What is Anarchism?


Founded: William Belsham (1789), Libertarian Party created by David Fraser Nolan (1971).



“they believe that individual freedom is the fundamental value that must underlie all social relations, economic exchanges and the political system. They believe that voluntary co-operation between individuals in a free market is always preferable to coercion exerted by the state.”

What is a Libertarian?


Founded: François-René de Chateaubriand (1819)


“conservativism is a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes.”


What is Conservatism?


Founded: John Locke “Father of Liberalism” (1690)

“Liberalism is the belief in liberty and equality under the law. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights, capitalism, and the free exercise of religion.”

“Liberalism is a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution.”


What is Liberalism?





A theocracy, therefore, is a form of government in which rule is directed by the belief in a god or by certain religious beliefs. It might also be the case that the head of a theocratic government is the head of a specific religion, as in the case of Vatican City. Theocratic rulers are guided specifically by their religious beliefs and might see themselves as emissaries of their god who are meant to rule their people.






“A republic is a form of government in which the government is officially apportioned to the control of the people and thus a “public matter” and where offices of state are subsequently directly or indirectly elected or appointed.”



Conservative Vs. Liberal;

Republican Vs Democrat;


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