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Transcription Factor

Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA via one or more DNA-binding domains. This binding is achieved via a combination of electrostatic and van der waals forces and can occur at many closely-related sequences flanking different genes. Once bound to DNA directly or as part of a complex, they can promote or inhibit RNA polymerase recruitment, thereby acting as activators or repressors, respectively. Alternatively, transcription factors can act to recruit coactivators and corepressors or to catalyze histone acetylation and deacetylation. Transcription factors can function downstream of signaling cascades triggered by biological or environmental (ex. hypoxia, hyperthermia) stimuli to alter the expression of target genes. Ligand binding is necessary to activate some transcription factors as this can cause nuclear translocation and changes in the binding affinities for DNA and cofactors. During development, various stimuli can cause transcription factors to up- or down-regulate expression of specific genes at distinct time points to ensure proper development. Transcription factors can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and have thus been linked to various cancers. Accordingly, some therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy involve targeting transcription factor families[1].

1. Darnell JE Jr. 2002. Transcription factors as targets for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. Oct;2(10):740-9.

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Transcription Factors are involved in transcriptional regulation in the form of up regulation or down regulation acting as either repressors or activators of transcription. We have manufactured more than 3000 antibody products covering almost every known human and mouse transcription factors.

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