Characteristics › Trails



  • Population cohort (N = 2230, started in 2000)
  • Age at first wave is 10-12 years
  • Gather information about social, psychological and biological factors

Each measurement of TRAILS is a combination of questionnaires, interview and physical measurements. Sometimes we add a part, such as neuropsychological testing or questioning classmates about friendships and popularity in the classroom.

One of the main features of TRAILS is the width of the study. In TRAILS we investigate what happens with young people as they grow into adults. For this we need to know how they are doing in life. We focus mainly on the adolescent and we measure both personality, health and substance use as well as biological characteristics such as genes and their biological response to stress. 

To have a better understanding of the development of adolescents, we must not only know a lot of the adolescents themselves but also of their environment. For example, how they cope with their parents, how popular they are at school, if they have many friends. But also the genes of the parents, the personality of parents and their health and, last but not least, which important (life) events adolescents experience.