Tag Archives: all football jerseys

Islam in China (1911–present)

After the fall of the Qing dynasty following the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen, who led the new republic, immediately proclaimed that the country belonged equally to the Han, Hui (Muslim), Meng (Mongol), and the Tsang (Tibetan) peoples. When the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949, Muslims, along with all other religions in China, suffered repression especially during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). In modern-day China, Islam is undergoing a revival and there has been an upsurge in Islamic expression.

The Manchu dynasty fell in 1911 water bottled in glass, and the Republic of China was established by Sun Yat Sen, who immediately proclaimed that the country belonged equally to the Han, Hui (Muslim), Meng (Mongol), and the Tsang (Tibetan) peoples. This led to some improvement in relations between these different peoples. The end of the Qing dynasty also marked an increase in Sino-foreign interaction. This led to increased contact between Muslim minorities in China and the Islamic states of the Middle East. By 1939, at least 33 Hui Muslims had studied at Cairo’s Al-Azhar University. In 1912, the Chinese Muslim Federation was formed in the capital Nanjing. Similar organization formed in Beijing (1912), Shanghai (1925) and Jinan (1934). Academic activities within the Muslim community also flourished. Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1937, there existed more than a hundred known Muslim periodicals. Thirty journals were published between 1911 and 1937. Although Linxia remained the center for religious activities, many Muslim cultural activities had shifted to Beijing. National organizations like the Chinese Muslim Association were established for Muslims. Muslims served extensively in the National Revolutionary Army and reached positions of importance, like General Bai Chongxi, who became Defence Minister of the Republic of China all football jerseys.

In the first decade of the 20th century, it has been estimated that there were 20 million Muslims in China proper (that is, China excluding the regions of Mongolia and Xinjiang). Of these, almost half resided in Gansu, over a third in Shaanxi (as defined at that time) and the rest in Yunnan.

During the Second Sino-Japanese war the Japanese followed what has been referred to as a “killing policy” and destroyed many mosques. According to Wan Lei, “Statistics showed that the Japanese destroyed 220 mosques and killed countless Hui people by April 1941.” After the Rape of Nanking mosques in Nanjing were found to be filled with dead bodies.They also followed a policy of economic oppression which involved the destruction of mosques and Hui communities and made many Hui jobless and homeless. Another policy was one of deliberate humiliation. This included soldiers smearing mosques with pork fat, forcing Hui to butcher pigs to feed the soldiers, and forcing girls to supposedly train as geishas and singers but in fact made them serve as sex slaves. Hui cemeteries were destroyed for military reasons. Many Hui fought in the war against Japan. In 1937, during the Battle of Beiping–Tianjin the Chinese government was notified by Muslim General Ma Bufang of the Ma clique that he was prepared to bring the fight to the Japanese in a telegram message. Immediately after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Ma Bufang arranged for a cavalry division under the Muslim General Ma Biao to be sent east to battle the Japanese. Ethnic Turkic Salar Muslims made up the majority of the first cavalry division which was sent by Ma Bufang.


On 10 February 1938, Legation Secretary of the German Embassy, Rosen, wrote to his Foreign Ministry about a film made in December by Reverend John Magee about the Nanking Massacre to recommend its purchase. Here is an excerpt from his letter and a description of some of its shots, kept in the Political Archives of the Foreign Ministry in Berlin. One of the victims killed by the Japanese was a Muslim (Mohammedan) whose name was Ha.



Muslims affiliated with the Kuomintang moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War. In the Kuomintang Islamic insurgency, Muslim Kuomintang National Revolutionary Army forces in Northwest China, in Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, as well as Yunnan, continued an unsuccessful insurgency against the communists from 1950 to 1958, after the general civil war was over.


Chinese Muslims say that the Soviet Union was worse in regards to its treatment of Islam than China during the “ten black years” (of the Cultural Revolution).

Since the advent of Deng Xiaoping in 1979, the Chinese government liberalised its policies toward Islam and Muslims. New legislation gave all minorities the freedom to use their own spoken and written languages; develop their own culture and education; and practice their religion. More Chinese Muslims than ever before are allowed to go on the Hajj.

Under China’s current leadership, Islam is undergoing a modest revival and there are now many mosques in China. There has been an upsurge in Islamic expression and many nationwide Islamic associations have been organised to co-ordinate inter-ethnic activities among Muslims.


Mexico Home CHICHARITO 14 Jerseys

Mexico Home CHICHARITO 14 Jerseys



, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, however, assures China of avoiding a military conflict. Other Muslim states have also asserted that they have no intentions of becoming involved in China’s internal affairs. Like many other minority groups, youngsters are always given special opportunities to go to colleges whenever the college system was available. They were usually recommended by the local officials with minimum academic score requirement.


China banned a book titled “Xing Fengsu” (“Sexual Customs”) which insulted Islam and placed its authors under arrest in 1989 after protests in Lanzhou and Beijing by Chinese Hui Muslims, during which the Chinese police provided protection to the Hui Muslim protestors, and the Chinese government organized public burnings of the book. The Chinese government assisted them and gave into their demands because Hui do not have a separatist movement, unlike the Uyghurs, Hui Muslim protestors who violently rioted by vandalizing property during the protests against the book were let off by the Chinese government and went unpunished while Uyghur protestors were imprisoned.

In 2007, CCTV, the People’s Republic of China’s state run television station ordered major advertising agencies not to use pig images, cartoons or slogans “to avoid conflicts with ethnic minorities”, a reference to China’s Muslims.

In response to the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting Chinese state-run media attacked Charlie Hebdo for publishing the cartoons insulting Muhammad, with the state-run Xinhua advocated limiting freedom of speech, while another state-run newspaper Global Times said the attack was “payback” for what it characterised as Western colonialism and accusing Charlie Hebdo of trying to incite a clash of civilizations.



Hui Muslims who are employed by the state are allowed to fast during Ramadan unlike Uyghurs in the same positions, the amount of Hui going on Hajj is expanding, and Hui women are allowed to wear veils, while Uyghur women are discouraged from wearing them and Uyghurs find it difficult to get passports to go on Hajj.


Uyghur views vary by the oasis they live in. China has historically favored Turpan and Hami. Uyghurs in Turfan and Hami and their leaders like Emin Khoja allied with the Qing against Uyghurs in Altishahr. During the Qing dynasty, China enfeoffed the rulers of Turpan and Hami (Kumul) as autonomous princes, while the rest of the Uyghurs in Altishahr (the Tarim Basin) were ruled by Begs. Uyghurs from Turpan and Hami were appointed by China as officials to rule over Uyghurs in the Tarim Basin. Turpan is more economically prosperous and views China more positively than the rebellious Kashgar, which is the most anti-China oasis. Uyghurs in Turpan are treated leniently and favourably by China with regards to religious policies, while Kashgar is subjected to controls by the government. In Turpan and Hami, religion is viewed more positively by China than religion in Kashgar and Khotan in southern Xinjiang. Both Uyghur and Han Communist officials in Turpan turn a blind eye to the law and allow religious Islamic education for Uyghur children water bottle for running handheld. Celebrating at religious functions and going on Hajj to Mecca is encouraged by the Chinese government, for Uyghur members of the Communist party. From 1979-1989, 350 mosques were built in Turpan. Han, Hui, and the Chinese government are viewed much more positively by Uyghurs specifically in Turpan, with the government providing better economic, religious, and political treatment for them.

Tensions between Hui Muslims and Uyghurs arise because Hui troops and officials often dominated the Uyghurs and crush Uyghur revolts. Xinjiang’s Hui population increased by over 520 percent between 1940 and 1982, an average annual growth of 4.4 percent, while the Uyghur population only grew at 1.7 percent. This dramatic increase in Hui population led inevitably to significant tensions between the Hui and Uyghur populations. Some Uyghurs in Kashgar remember that the Hui army at the Battle of Kashgar (1934) massacred 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghurs, which causes tension as more Hui moved into Kashgar from other parts of China. Some Hui criticize Uyghur separatism and generally do not want to get involved in conflict in other countries. Hui and Uyghur live separately, attending different mosques.

The Uyghur militant organization East Turkestan Islamic Movement’s magazine Islamic Turkistan has accused the Chinese “Muslim Brotherhood” (the Yihewani) of being responsible for the moderation of Hui Muslims and the lack of Hui joining jihadist groups in addition to blaming other things for the lack of Hui Jihadists, such as the fact that for more than 300 years Hui and Uyghurs have been enemies of each other, no separatist Islamist organizations among the Hui, the fact that the Hui view China as their home, and the fact that the “infidel Chinese” language is the language of the Hui.

Hui Muslim drug dealers are accused by Uyghur Muslims of pushing heroin on Uyghurs. Heroin has been vended by Hui dealers. There is a typecast image in the public eye of heroin being the province of Hui dealers. Hui have been involved in the Golden Triangle drug area.

There have been many occurrences of violent sectarian fighting between different Hui sects. Sectarian fighting between Hui sects led to the Jahriyya rebellion in the 1780s and the 1895 revolt. After a hiatus after the People’s Republic of China came to power, sectarian infighting resumed in the 1990s in Ningxia between different sects. Several sects refuse to intermarry with each other. One Sufi sect circulated an anti-Salafi pamphlet in Arabic.

In Tibet, the majority of Muslims are Hui people. Hatred between Tibeans and Muslims stems from events during the Muslim warlord Ma Bufang’s rule in Qinghai such as Ngolok rebellions (1917–49) and the Sino-Tibetan War, but in 1949 the Communists put an end to the violence between Tibetans and Muslims, however, new Tibetan-Muslim violence broke out after China engaged in liberalization. Riots broke out between Muslims and Tibetans over incidents such as bones in soups and prices of balloons, and Tibetans accused Muslims of being cannibals who cooked humans in their soup and of contaminating food with urine. Tibetans attacked Muslim restaurants. Fires set by Tibetans which burned the apartments and shops of Muslims resulted in Muslim families being killed and wounded in the 2008 mid-March riots. Due to Tibetan violence against Muslims, the traditional Islamic white caps have not been worn by many Muslims. Scarfs were removed and replaced with hairnets by Muslim women in order to hide. Muslims prayed in secret at home when in August 2008 the Tibetans burned the Mosque. Incidents such as these which make Tibetans look bad on the international stage are covered up by the Tibetan exile community. The repression of Tibetan separatism by the Chinese government is supported by Hui Muslims. In addition, Chinese-speaking Hui have problems with Tibetan Hui (the Tibetan speaking Kache minority of Muslims).

The main Mosque in Lhasa was burned down by Tibetans and Chinese Hui Muslims were violently assaulted by Tibetan rioters in the 2008 Tibetan unrest. Tibetan exiles and foreign scholars like ignore and do not talk about sectarian violence between Tibetan Buddhists and Muslims. The majority of Tibetans viewed the wars against Iraq and Afghanistan after 9/11 positively and it had the effect of galvanizing anti-Muslim attitudes among Tibetans and resulted in an anti-Muslim boycott against Muslim owned businesses. Tibetan Buddhists propagate a false libel that Muslims cremate their Imams and use the ashes to convert Tibetans to Islam by making Tibetans inhale the ashes, even though the Tibetans seem to be aware that Muslims practice burial and not cremation since they frequently clash against proposed Muslim cemeteries in their area.

Since the Chinese government supports and backs up the Hui Muslims, the Tibetans deliberately attack the Hui Muslims as a way to demonstrate anti-government sentiment and because they have a background of sectarian violence against each other since Ma Bufang’s rule due to their separate religions and ethnicity and Tibetans resent Hui economic domination.

Jingtang Jiaoyu was a system of Islamic education developed during the Ming dynasty among the Hui, centered around Mosques. The Arabic and Persian language Thirteen Classics were part of the main curriculum. In the madrassas, some Chinese Muslim literature like the Han Kitab were used for educational purposes. Liu Zhi (scholar) wrote texts to help Hui learn Arabic. Persian was the main Islamic foreign language used by Chinese Muslims, followed by Arabic.


Muslim Kuomintang officials in the Republic of China government supported the Chengda Teachers Academy, which helped usher in a new era of Islamic education in China, promoting nationalism and Chinese language among Muslims, and fully incorporating them into the main aspects of Chinese society. The Ministry of Education provided funds to the Chinese Islamic National Salvation Federation for Chinese Muslim’s education. The President of the federation was General Bai Chongxi (Pai Chung-hsi) and the vice president was Tang Kesan (Tang Ko-san). 40 Sino-Arabic primary schools were founded in Ningxia by its Governor Ma Hongkui.

Imam Wang Jingzhai studied at Al-Azhar University in Egypt along with several other Chinese Muslim students, the first Chinese students in modern times to study in the Middle East. Wang recalled his experience teaching at madrassas in the provinces of Henan (Yu), Hebei (Ji), and Shandong (Lu) which were outside of the traditional stronghold of Muslim education in northwest China, and where the living conditions were poorer and the students had a much tougher time than the northwestern students. In 1931 China sent five students to study at Al-Azhar in Egypt, among them was Muhammad Ma Jian and they were the first Chinese to study at Al-Azhar. Na Zhong, a descendant of Nasr al-Din (Yunnan) was another one of the students sent to Al-Azhar in 1931, along with Zhang Ziren, Ma Jian, and Lin Zhongming.

Hui Muslims from the Central Plains (Zhongyuan) differed in their view of women’s education than Hui Muslims from the northwestern provinces, with the Hui from the Central Plains provinces like Henan having a history of women’s Mosques and religious schooling for women, while Hui women in northwestern provinces were kept in the house. However, in northwestern China reformers started bringing female education in the 1920s. In Linxia, Gansu, a secular school for Hui girls was founded by the Muslim warlord Ma Bufang, the school was named Shuada Suqin Wmen’s Primary School after his wife Ma Suqin who was also involved in its founding. Hui Muslim refugees fled to northwest China from the central plains after the Japanese invasion of China, where they continued to practice women’s education and build women’s mosque communities, while women’s education was not adopted by the local northwestern Hui Muslims and the two different communities continued to differ in this practice.



Anders Rasmussen

Anders Rasmussen (født 1 all football jerseys. juni 1976) er en tidligere professionel dansk fodboldspiller, der senest spillede som målmand i AGF.

Rasmussen har tidligere spillet for AC Horsens, FC Midtjylland og Viborg FF. Han har døjet med det, som af lægerne betegnes som et forstadium til cancer. Han kom dog hurtigt i behandling og blev opereret og er i dag erklæret rask.

Anders Rasmussen blev hentet til FC Midtjylland 1. januar 2002 som reservemålmand for Peter Skov-Jensen. Han fik sit gennembrud i FC Midtjylland efter salget af Peter Skov-Jensen i vinteren 2005. Rasmussen var med til at konsolidere FC Midtjyllands placering som bronzevinder i 2005. Han spillede 61 kampe for klubben soccer referee uniforms.

31 best lint shaver. august 2007 skiftede han til Viborg FF på en lejekontrakt gældende resten af år 2007 authentic football jerseys. 26. juni 2008 skiftede Anders Rasmussen permanent til Viborg FF på en ét-årig kontrakt, men han blev allerede solgt til AGF den 26. januar 2009.

I AGF var han gardering for førstemålmanden Steffen Rasmussen og fik kun få kampe. Anders Rasmussen stoppede sin fodboldkarriere i juni 2011 for at blive souschef i SuperBrugsen Kolt. Da Steffen Rasmussen kort efter blev skadet, spurgte klubben Anders Rasmussen, om han ville hjælpe AGF i et par måneder som reservemålmand for den nyindkøbte Emil Ousager, hvilket han valgte at gå med til.

Jorge Luiz Frello

Jorge Luiz Frello Filho, plus connu sous le nom de Jorginho, né le à Imbituba, est un footballeur international italien, d’origine brésilienne qui évolue au poste de milieu de terrain.

Jorginho intègre le centre de formation de l’Hellas Vérone à l’âge de 15 ans.

Le milieu de terrain est ensuite prêté par son club formateur à l’AC Sambonifacese en Lega Pro Seconda Divisione pour la saison 2010-2011 all football jerseys. Il y fait 33 apparitions toutes compétitions confondues, inscrivant un but[réf. nécessaire].

Jorginho fait ses débuts professionnels avec son club formateur en Serie B le lors de la 3e journée de championnat face à l’US Sassuolo en remplaçant Gennaro Esposito à la 76e minute de jeu (victoire 1-0). Il est pour la première fois titularisé le face à l’AS Gubbio et dispute l’intégralité de la rencontre (match nul 1-1). Il inscrit son premier but le face à l’Empoli FC sur une passe d’Emil Hallfreðsson (victoire 1-3). Son club atteint cette saison les play-offs d’accession à la Serie A après avoir atteint la quatrième place du championnat, mais perd 3-1 au total des deux matches en demi-finale face à l’AS Varèse. Sur le plan personnel, Jorginho dispute 33 matches toutes compétitions confondues et inscrit 2 buts.

La saison suivante, il prend part à 44 matches et inscrit 2 buts. L’Hellas Vérone lui termine deuxième de Serie B, derrière l’US Sassuolo, et est ainsi promu en première division.

Jorginho dispute son premier match de Serie A face à l’AC Milan le , l’Hellas Vérone remporte cette rencontre sur le score de 2-1 grâce à un doublé de Luca Toni. Le , il inscrit son premier but dans l’élite face au Torino FC sur penalty (match nul 2-2).

À la mi-saison, il compte 7 buts en 18 matches de championnat alors que son équipe est classée 6e du championnat.

Le 18 janvier 2014, lors du mercato hivernal, Jorginho est transféré au SSC Naples, signant un contrat de 4 ans et demi.

Le 25 janvier, il dispute son premier match sous ses nouvelles couleurs, face au Chievo Vérone en championnat fabric shaver india, en remplaçant Blerim Džemaili à la 57e minute de jeu (match nul 1-1). Quatre jours plus tard, il est titularisé pour la première fois, en Coupe d’Italie, face à la Lazio Rome et est élu homme du match (victoire 1-0).

Né au Brésil, Jorginho est un oriundo, il obtient la nationalité italienne le grâce à son arrière-arrière-grand-père originaire de Vénétie.

Un mois plus tard, il est convoqué par Devis Mangia en équipe d’Italie espoirs pour la première fois afin d’affronter l’Espagne en match amical, mais il n’entre pas en jeu (défaite 1-3).

Le , il est convoqué pour la première fois en équipe d’Italie par Antonio Conte pour les matchs amicaux contre l’Espagne et l’Allemagne.

Capable d’évoluer en tant que milieu défensif

lint remover

Electric Cord Operated Fabric Shaver – Clothes Lint Puller / Fuzz & Fluff Remover Sweaters



, milieu relayeur ou milieu offensif, son rôle de prédilection est celui de meneur de jeu reculé sale goalkeeper gloves. Jorginho est un grand admirateur d’Andrea Pirlo et Xavi qui évoluent également dans ce registre.