C. Yebba/U.S. Navy

The word sonar is derived from the phrase “sound navigation and ranging.” Sonar uses sound waves to detect and determine the location, size, and relative motion of underwater objects. Sound waves emitted by or reflected from an object are picked up by sonar equipment and analyzed for the information they contain. (See also radar.)

Sonar may be divided into three categories: active, passive, and acoustic communication systems. In active sonar systems, an acoustic projector…

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