Vi shell command

To return to vi, type fg (foreground) at your shell command prompt, and vi will become your foreground process again. Marking and returning. As already mentioned, the command `` (two back quotes) returns you to the previous place after a motion of the cursor by a command such as /, /, or G. You can also mark your position in the file with single-letter tags and return to these marks later. The marking is done with the command You can start a shell from within vi and use it as you would your usual UNIX environment, then exit the shell and return to vi To start up a shell enter the command: :sh The type of shell that is started is determined by the $SHELL variable. You can specify that some other shell is to be started by setting the vi shell option. Return to using vi by entering the command exit or Ctrl-D. To insert the output from a UNIX command into a file, immediately after the cursor: :r!comman vi beenden:q! vi beenden, nicht gespeicherte Änderungen gehen verloren:w Datei speichern:w! Speichern der Datei erzwingen:wq (oder) ZZ Datei speichern und vi beenden <Strg> + z Shell starten; vi wird in Hintergrund geschoben; Rückkehr durch Eingabe von fg Navigation: G an das Ende des Dokuments springen. 1G in die erste Zeile des Dokuments springen. 0 (null vi is one of the most commonly used editor program and included by default with every UNIX and linux system. vi basically operates in 3 modes, namely : vi mode - the mode vi starts in command mode - you can be in command mode from the vi mode by pressing the key colon (:

Linux vi command help and example

Using vi command from the shell works this way: vi -c set fileformat=unix | wq filename.txt. However, this will not work for such commands like g. You will need to use two -c arguments for this to work such as: vi -c g/^/m0 -c wq filename.txt. or The bash shell (again, via GNU Readline) is able to provide this functionality for us. In order to enable it, you run the command $ set-o vi. Just like magic, you're now in vi-mode and can easily line-edit using vi-style key bindings in order to copy text, remove text, and jump around to different positions in the line of text

Running UNIX shell commands from vi - UC Santa Barbar

  1. Access Shell in Vim. In addition to executing individual commands, you can also have yourself dropped in a newly-launched shell from within Vim. For this, all you have to do is to run the following command from the editor::shell. or:s
  2. You want set -o vi (add it to your ~/.bashrc ). Then, to edit the current line, just hit Esc to enter command mode. See http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Readline-vi-Mode
  3. :silent exec !command Note that your vim session will still be occupied while your command is executing. This is due to Vim's synchronous nature. You can still get back to your shell by pressing CTRL+z (to send Vim to the background) and then resume vim with the command fg as usual
  4. Anything run from the : prompt starting with a bang ! will be run as a unix shell command. You'll be shown the output and allowed to hit a key to get back to your work in vim. If you have text selected in visual mode and want to send it TO a command as STDIN, hit !! and enter your command
  5. ute read Entering a long shell command and then moving the cursor around to correct parts of it always felt a bit clunky to me. I remembered some of the <ctrl>/<alt> key bindings but would often just end up using arrow keys or alt-click to navigate to a certain position

Linux Editor VI - Befehle in der Übersich

<ESC> denotes the Esc key, and <CR> denotes the Enter key. The expression <cmd> means that you should enter a command, <f> means that you should enter a filename, and <x> means that you should enter a character or number. The symbol ^ (caret) means that you should hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the indicated letter. Vi editor command keys Arbeitsweise des vi []. vi ist ein modaler Editor. Das bedeutet, dass er zwei Betriebsmodi kennt: den Eingabemodus (engl.input mode), in dem die Betätigung einer Taste zum Erscheinen des gewählten Zeichens in der bearbeiteten Datei und damit auf dem Bildschirm führt.; Den Befehlsmodus (engl.command mode), in dem die Tasten einfache bis komplexe Editorfunktionen auslösen beispielsweise das. The command to start vi and open a file is straight forward. Type vi , a space, and then the filename. Press Enter. The program that is launched might be vi or it might be vim , an 'improved vi '. It depends on your Linux distribution—for example, Ubuntu uses vim To use vion a file, type in vi filename. Ifthe file named filenameexists, then the first page (or screen)of the file will be displayed; if the file does not exist, then anempty file and screen are created into which you may enter text. vi filename. edit filenamestarting at line 1. vi -r filename The vi has the capability to run commands from within the editor. To run a command, you only need to go to the command mode and type :! command. For example, if you want to check whether a file exists before you try to save your file with that filename, you can type :! ls and you will see the output of ls on the screen

The vi editor is the most popular and commonly used Unix text editor It is usually available in all Linux Distributions. It works in two modes, Command and Insert Command mode takes the user commands, and the Insert mode is for editing tex If you're using Vim, you could suspend your session (ctrl-Z), and then run the command in your shell. That's a lot of keystrokes, though. So, instead, you can use Vim's built-in run a shell command! :! {cmd} Run a shell command, shows you the output and prompts you before returning to your current buffer The Vim command-line editing and history allow you to search through your previous commands, repeat them, or edit them before executing them again. Command-line completion. Vi does not support command line completion while Vim allows you to use the Tab key to complete commands, options, and filenames as needed. Horizontal scrolling. When the wrap option is turned off (:set nowrap), long lines.

Basic vi commands (cheat sheet) - The Geek Diar

  1. You can use vi commands to edit shell commands (and command history) by adding this to your .bashrc file: set -o vi. You can also run that command from the command line to affect only your current session. If you don't use bash, substitue the appropriate rc file for your shell
  2. You can execute a shell command directly from VI editor. Use the ! sign before the command in command mode. For example, you need to run the ls command, and you can type
  3. The :! command is useful for running shell commands from Vim. It has one possible drawback: the command output is not displayed in a Vim window, so it can't be accessed with Vim's powerful editing tools. This is easy to fix with :read !command which inserts the output to the current window. A possibly more sophisticated solution is to make a new.
  4. al is vi, which stands for visual editor. As the Intel DevCloud SSH client ter

Entering shell commands; Interrupting and ending the vi editor; Adjusting the Screen. Enter the following subcommands in command mode. An incomplete subcommand can be canceled by pressing the Esc key. If you need information about the format of vi subcommands, see vi General Subcommand Syntax. Item Description; Ctrl-L : Clears and redraws the screen. Ctrl-R: Redraws the screen and eliminates. Vim is a powerful editing tool, but there are some things it just can't do. However, Vim lets you access shell commands and utilities without leaving Vim, and that lets you perform some amazing tricks. If you run :shell or just :sh while you're in the editor, Vim (or Gvim, if you're [ Shell can be used as a filter, which gives you an ability to replace shell command that you typed in the current line (lines) with their output. That's actually great, unappreciated and underutilized vi capability. Shell can be used as a filter, which gives you an ability to replace shell command that you typed in the current line (lines) with their output. Here is a relevant quote from Vim. The vi editor is a command-line, interactive editor that you can use to create and modify text files. The vi editor is also the only text editor that you can use to edit certain system files without changing the permissions of the files. The Vim editor is an enhanced version of the vi editor

How can I use vi command in shell script? - Stack Overflo

  1. al. Refer to this guide while using shell commands on the Intel DevCloud. For more information related to navigation of the Intel DevCloud, refer to the following additional resources section. Additional Resources Basic VI Commands. Connect to the DevCloud. Download & Configure.
  2. Vi starts in command mode. The positioning commands operate only while vi is in command mode. You switch vi to input mode by entering any one of several vi input com-mands. (See next section.) Once in input mode, any charac-ter you type is taken to be text and is added to the file. You cannot execute any commands until you exit input mode
  3. VIM-Modi¶. VIM arbeitet nicht so sehr mit Tastenkombinationen (wie zum Beispiel Emacs), sondern verwendet verschiedene Modi, zwischen denen man wechselt und die verschiedene Funktionen anbieten.Es ist zwischen 6 Basis-Modi (basic modes) und 6 zusätzlichen Modi (additional modes) als von Ersteren abgeleitete Varianten zu unterscheiden
  4. Start vim, write commands and the pass to the shell through:! bash Nothingless this is great for vim fans! Brian Masinick on 29 Mar 2017 Permalink. I happen to be more of an Emacs junkie than a huge Vi fan, but I know both editors and can readily use either one. I'll use Vi or Vim for certain tasks and I'll also use see, awk, Perl, or even Ed at times, sometimes just to keep them in practice.
  5. You can use vi commands to edit shell commands (and command history) by adding this to your .bashrc file: set -o vi. You can also run that command from the command line to affect only your current session. If you don't use bash, substitue the appropriate rc file for your shell. This allows you to use vi commands to edit any command..
  6. Execute command within a shell - :! Command Read in another file - :r file Read in results of a command - :r! command Filter motion through command - !motion command. Misc vi Commands. Change current line - cc Undo last change - u Repeat last command - . Please feel free to leave your favourite vi commands in the comments area.

vim-shell-command. Run a shell command from within vim and see the output in a new window. How to use it. To run the man test and see the output in a new window, use::Shell man test You will notice that the new buffer contains a line starting with ## Shell: followed by the command you requested. You can edit this line and then use F5 to re-run the new command Shell scripts are quite handy to perform operations like file manipulation, automating tasks to avoid time consumption; you can even create your commands. Shell is an interface between the user and operating system that lets users interact with the operating system and perform various tasks using commands. In this article, how to create simple shell scripts in Linux using Vim is explained Vim integrates smoothly with external programs, the underlying shell, and the system. Specifically, you can execute commands from Vim, read the standard output of a command into your buffer, and use your buffer (or parts of it) as standard input to a shell program. In Vim, the bang (!) symbol is used to interact with external commands Note, this is for external commands (they run in your shell), not vim commands. Share. Improve this answer. Follow edited Dec 28 '20 at 22:41. trusktr. 3,246 6 6 gold badges 26 26 silver badges 31 31 bronze badges. answered Feb 25 '11 at 5:33. glenn jackman glenn jackman. 71.2k 10 10 gold badges 98 98 silver badges 144 144 bronze badges. 4. 2. date is an external command and ! calls external.

Using vi-mode in your shell Opensource


How to access shell or run external commands from within Vi

Edit ~/.vimrc file by typing the command: vi ~/.vimrc; Append the following option; syntax on; Save and close the file; Test it by running vim command: vim foo.sh; Let us see all steps in details for turning on or off color syntax highlighting under Linux, macOS and Unix-like system when using vim text editor. Turn on color syntax highlighting in vim. Open a file, for example open existing. vim shell command. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Skip to content. All gists Back to GitHub Sign in Sign up Sign in Sign up {{ message }} Instantly share code, notes, and snippets. jmervine / shell.vim. Created Oct 19, 2012. Star 0 Fork 0; Star Code Revisions 2. Embed . What would you like to do? Embed Embed this gist in your website. Share Copy sharable link for this. This tip shows how to capture the output from running an external (or shell) command in Vim. Vim has many useful functions which can replace shell commands, such as strftime() or glob(), but sometimes only the shell command will do.See :help function-list for a list of Vim's built-in functions.. The results from running a shell command can be inserted into the current buffer with the :read.

Vi on the Command Line. There has been a module for PowerShell for a while now that allows you to use a vi editor on the command line. Previously you would have had to copy the code from GitHub, but now - thanks to the PowerShell NuGet package manager - you can install it easily straight from PowerShell. Better yet, if you are on Windows 10, or server2016, it comes pre-installed. You can check. In this vi (and vim) tutorial, I'll share the vi set commands I use most often. (Note: I'll alternate the names vi and vim freely in this tutorial. If there is ever a time when a command works in vim and doesn't work in vi I'll be sure to note it. vim is newer, or an improved version of vi.) vi - show lines numbers. Whenever I want to show.

bash - How do I edit current shell command in VI - Ask

UNIX shell commands. You can run UNIX commands and see their output without leaving vi. You can also insert the output of a UNIX command into the file you that are editing. To run a single UNIX command use the command::!UNIX_command. You can start a shell from within vi and use it as you would your usual UNIX environment, then exit the shell and return to vi. To start up a shell enter the. Posts Tagged 'vi shell command' Split Windows and Shell Commands in VI. March 23, 2010 Nuno Furtado Leave a comment. Been working on a project to learn Ruby and decided it was also a great opportunity to learn VIM. One of the gripes i was having was needing to close vim to open another file or run commands on the shell. I figured there should be another way to do this so i googled around. Note: Vi and also the Vim editor have many features and commands and are known as hard-to-use for beginners. Search the web if you want to dive deep into learning how to use them, or have a look at the nano text editor with may be slightly more user-friendly. To create or edit a file using the Vi text editor: vi readwrite. When you open the application, you are in the normal mode and cannot. Both vi and vim provides the :s command for search and replace. Let us see some easy to understand examples. Examples. I am going to use the following sample text file: -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT ## full acess to lo and eth0 ## -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j ACCEPT # log spoof -A INPUT -i eth1 -s. This command also shall disable any other editing mode that the implementation may provide. The command set +o vi disables vi-mode editing. Certain block-mode terminals may be unable to support shell command line editing. If a terminal is unable to provide either edit mode, it need not be possible to set-o vi when using the shell on this terminal

BruXy: Bourne-Again SHell and Linux CLI

Running the vim command without any arguments displays basic information about the Vim editor including the version and basic commands such as how to get help and exit the text editor as shown below. $ vim Start Vim Editor Splitting Vim Screen Vertically. Suppose you have opened a file on Vim editor and you want to split it vertically. To achieve this: Enter command mode by pressing the ESC. What is Bash? Bash, or the Bourne Again SHell, is based on the Bourne shell. It is the default shell command language interpreter for GNU Linux/Unix and is accessed via a terminal. The shell was the original method for interacting with the operating system before GUIs were implemented. It has the ability to execute single.. Vim was made available in 1991 and is a free, open source software. Available both as a command line interface and as a standalone program with a GUI, Vim is a text editor that is a modal version of the vi editor created for Unix in the 1970s; Vim stands for vi improved. While it was designed with Unix in mind, versions of it are available for most operating systems and Vim is also available. By default, most shells use emacs-style key bindings for command-line editing and modification. For users of vi or vim, however, you can instead configure shells to use vi key bindings instead

It will not be possible to start shell commands, or suspend Vim. Can also be done with the -Z argument. OPTIONS The options may be given in any order, before or after filenames. Options without an argument can be combined after a single dash. Tag Description +[num] For the first file the cursor will be positioned on line num. If num is missing, the cursor will be positioned on the last. Other Useful ESXi Shell Commands. Besides ESXCLI commands, you can use a lot of ESXi shell commands. The ESXi shell commands list that may be useful for you is provided below. Open the ESXi DCUI from the console (the colors are different when you connect to the ESXi shell via SSH): dcui. Press Ctrl+C to go back to the command prompt The shell command cd is used to change the current directory to a different location in the Linux file system. Commands are invoked by naming them. Most Linux commands are simply programs which are executed by the shell. For example, to run the ls command which reads the the current directory and lists the names of its files the following would be used. bash-2.05$ ls. When you type a command.

Starting diff mode The easiest way to start editing in diff mode is with the vimdiff command. This starts Vim as usual, and additionally sets up for viewing the differences between the arguments. vimdiff file1 file2 [file3 [file4]] This is equivalent to: vim -d file1 file2 [file3 [file4]] You may also use gvimdiff or vim -d-g Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text. It is especially useful for editing programs. There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi level undo, multi windows and buffers, syntax highlighting, command line editing, filename completion, on-line help, visual selection, etc. Command Line Arguments. Getting arguments directly from the command shell can be beneficial in a number of cases. The below example demonstrates how to do this in bash. #!/bin/bash echo Total arguments : $# echo First Argument = $1 echo Second Argument = $2 Run this script with two additional parameters after its name. I've named it. VIM Editor Commands. Vim is an editor to create or edit a text file. There are two modes in vim. One is the command mode and another is the insert mode. In the command mode, user can move around the file, delete text, etc. In the insert mode, user can insert text. Changing mode from one to another . From command mode to insert mode type a/A/i/I/o/O ( see details below) From insert mode to. It will not be possible to start shell commands, or suspend Vim. Can also be done with the -Z argument. OPTIONS The options may be given in any order, before or after filenames. Options without an argument can be combined after a single dash. +[num] For the first file the cursor will be positioned on line num. If num is missing, the cursor will be positioned on the last line. +/{pat} For.

How to execute shell commands silently? - Vi and Vim Stack

Excerpts paraphrased from the GNU Bourne-Again SHell manual. Command line editing is provided by the Readline library, which is used by several different programs, including Bash. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be enabled at any time using the -o emacs or-o vi options to the set builtin. To enter vi command mode: [esc] To enter vi insert mode: Press i. Moving Cursor Within a file. h move left (backspace) j move down. k move up. l move right (spacebar) [return] move to the beginning of the next line $ last column on the current line. 0 move cursor to the first column on the current line ^ move cursor to first nonblank column on the current line. w move to the beginning of the.

How to run Unix commands from within Vim? - Super Use

after that command, I am able to edit the previous shell commands using the vi editor commands how do I set this permanently whenever I startup terminal? I hope this question is clear thanks mkwan . R. rhg Registered. Feb 10, 2004 #8 Simply put the set -o vi command at the end of your .bashrc file in your home directory. brianleahy Colonel Panic. Feb 10, 2004 #9 I know what you're talking. Before using any of these commands, make sure that you are in the command mode by pressing the ESC & : key. You can also instruct the vi editor to display the line number with each line using the :set number command You can execute command line code from LabVIEW using the System Exec VI. This tutorial walks you through configuring the System Exec VI. For questions on commands and their syntax, consults your OS manufacturer's documentation. For instance: Windows Terminal command-line arguments - Microsoft Docs Execute commands and run tools in Terminal on Mac - Apple Suppor advance linux tutorials,linux programming tutorials,linux programming vi commands,shell programming,bash shell,bourne shell,c shell,korn shell all shell under the details linux programming for beginners,linux software development,best linux for developers,best linux to learn programming,linux or unix,computer linux operating system,learn linux programming online,advanced linux training. Definition of Vim Command in Linux. Vim is a text editor that is an upgraded version of the Vi editor and is more compatible with Vi.The most usage of vi editors is to create a new file, edit an existing file, or to just read a file. Vim editor is more useful in editing different kinds of plain text

Ubuntu For Dummies Terminal Commands :) - YouTube

Using vi commands in your bash shell - David Haman

Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text. It is especially useful for editing programs. There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi level undo, multi windows and buffers, syntax highlighting, command line editing, filename completion, on-line help, visual selection, etc. Vi Commands. Linux vi editor is different from other editors. You have to use different keys to use different functions. Although, it's quite easy and interesting to use vi editor. The vi editor commands are case sensitive. Have a look at the vi commands in the following table. To switch from command to insert mode In command mode, use :!bash command this will open a root shell. There is one more shortcut which you can use when you have access to vim, you can use the following command to trigger the root. I've read lots of threads about running shell commands from vim, lots of documentation on vim commands, .vimrc and all that, but I just can't seem to understand the ex language or vim mappings well enough to do what I want, so here I am asking this question. Here goes: I have an open buffer in vim (using the latest stable MacVim on Snow Leopard, but not in gui mode) whose contents I will.

Useful Vi Commands. Aug 18 th, 2006 linux, programming, vi. Moving the cursor. Ctrl-B - Previous Page; Ctrl-F - Next Page; B - Previous Word; W - Next Word ; 0 - move the cursor to the beginning of the current line $ - move the cursor to the end of the current line; l - move the cursor one character to the right; h - move the cursor one character to the left; k - move the cursor up one row; j. What's the Difference Between a VI, the Command Prompt and a Shell. Bruce Gust asked on 2016-10-30. Powershell; Windows OS; C; Git; 7 Comments. 2 Solutions. 705 Views. Last Modified: 2016-10-31. I know of the Command Prompt, as far as some of the basic commands you can execute with it like ping and ipconfig. Bottom line: It's a powerful tool that you can use to manipulate your Windows OS and.

A quick reference list of vi editor command

Vi-Befehlsreferenz: Bearbeitung - Wikibooks, Sammlung

Command Mode is the first screen of VI editor. It is case sensitive. Any character that is typed during this mode is treated as a command. These are character are not visible on the window. We can cut, copy, paste or delete a piece of text or even move through the file in this mode [ESC] used to enter the Command Mode from another mode (Insert. On the bright side, vi is powerful, lightweight, and fast. Learning vi is a Unix rite of passage, since it is universally available on Unix-like systems. On most Linux distributions, an enhanced version of vi called vim is provided in place of vi. vim is a remarkable editor and well worth taking the time to learn it. command line Emac

Linux Shell脚本攻略第二版 - Linux - 操作系统 - 深度开源How to Make &#39;Vim Editor&#39; as Bash-IDE Using &#39;bash-supportLinux Shell Tip: Remove files with names that contains

Vim is the text editor of choice for many users that spend a lot of time on the command line. Unlike other editors, Vim has several modes of operation, which can be a little intimidating for new users. Vim or its precursor Vi comes preinstalled on macOS and almost all Linux distributions. Knowing the basics of Vim will help you when you encounter a situation where your favorite editor is not. 1.1. Shell Commands¶ A shell command is one that is processed internally by the shell. There is no corresponding executable program. Take cd for instance. There is no /bin/cd program, say, and which cd specifies that it is a built-in command. It is part of the shell. The cd command is processed by the shell (tcsh or bash, say). Contrast that.


Command: sudo vi hackme.txt (See Below) sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified in the sudoers file. The vi editor (short for visual editor) is a screen editor which is available on almost all Unix systems. hackme.txt - is just a name of a file you are opening with the vi command. Note, the file hackme.txt can be called anything. Press. ← Other standard shells • Home • Shebang → To create a shell script: Use a text editor such as vi. Write required Linux commands and logic in the file. Save and close the file (exit from vi). Make the script executable. You should then of course test the script, and once satisfied with the output, move it to the production environment To make vi start at a particular line in a file, add +line_num to the command you use to start vi. Replace line_num with the line number, for example: vi +36 foo.c; If you're already in vi, you can use the goto command. To do this, press Esc, type the line number, and then press Shift-g. If you press Esc and then Shift-g without specifying a line number, it will take you to the last line in.

Hi, I am running a script sample.sh in bash environment .In the script i am using sed and awk commands which when executed individually from terminal they are getting executed normally but when i give these sed and awk commands in the script it is giving the below errors :- ./sample.sh: line... (12 Replies Sometimes you want to make a quick change to one of the files you are using in the Azure Cloud Shell, for that the Azure Cloud Shell comes with text editors like vi, vim, nano, and emacs. However, my favorite editor in Cloud Shell is code. Code is an editor based on the Visual Studio Code open-source project Monaco For example, consider the following output from the C Shell's history command: \09 mapimail michael 10 vi write.c 11 cat oldwrite.c 12 diff *write.c The commands are shown with their event numbers. It is not usually necessary to use event numbers, but the current event number can be made part of the prompt by placing an ! in the prompt string. With the current event 13, you can refer to.

External Commands. Vim follows the UNIX philosophy of do one thing well. Instead of trying to cram all the functionality you could ever want inside the editor itself, the right way to use Vim is to delegate to external commands when appropriate. Let's add some interaction with the Potion compiler to our plugin to get our feet wet with external commands in Vim. Compiling. First we'll add a. An 'ex' command can be given.:vi: Switch from 'ex' to vi.:sh: Execute a subshell, back to vi by '^D'.:[x,y]!<cmd> Execute a shell <cmd> [on lines x through y; these lines will serve as input for <cmd> and will be replaced by its standard output]. :[x,y]!! [<args>] Repeat last shell command [and append <args>].:[x,y]!<cmd> ! [<args>] Use the previous command (the second '!') in a new command. At the end of the boot up process, the init daemon is started, this can be init or systemd or upstart, etc. OpenWrt currently uses procd.Following the boot up scripts located in /etc/rc.d, init will then start all sorts of programs, amongst them the chosen shell. This listens to keyboard strokes and outputs a more or less colorful command-line interface to the connected display

Exit Vim in Terminal. To issue commands in Vi/Vim, switch to command mode.. 1. Press the Esc key.. 2. You should see the --INSERT-- label vanish from the lower-left.. 3. To save your changes before you exit, type :w, and then Enter.This will save any changes made. Vim will respond by outputting the filename, whether it's new, and how many characters were written to the hard drive The Linux command line keeps a record of previously executed commands. These records can be accessed by pressing the up arrow. To repeat the last command with elevated privileges, use: sudo !! This also works with older commands. Specify the historical number as follows: sudo !6. This example repeats the 6th entry in history with the sudo command

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