natural condition

1. Geographical location

Viet Nam is located in the Eastern part of the Indochina peninsula, bordering China to the North, Laos and Cambodia to the West with a long land border of 4,550 km, and facing the Eastern Sea (South China Sea) and the Pacific to the East and the South. With the land area of 331,690 km2, Viet Nam is an S-shaped long strip of land,....stretching from 8°10' to 23°24' North latitude and from 102°09' to 109°30' East longitude. The country's total length is 1,650 km from the Northern most point to the Southern-most point.....



Three quarters of Viet Nam's territory are made up of low mountains and hilly regions. Regions with elevations less than 1,000 meters above sea level make up 85% of the territory. Mountainous regions over 2,000 meters above sea level only account for 1%. Mountain ranges and hills form a large bow facing the Eastern Sea with 1,400 km length from the Northwest to the Southeast. The highest mountain ranges are all located in the West and Northwest. Fan Xi Pan peak, with a height of 3,143 meters, is considered the roof of Indochina. Nearer to the Eastern Sea the mountain range is lower and ends with a coastal strip of lowland. From Hai Van pass to the South, the topography is less complex. A long limestone mountain range is replaced by large granite mountains followed by a vast plateau known as the Central Highlands behind Truong Son range to the East.

Only one fourth of the Vietnamese territory is covered by deltas separated in many regions by mountains and hills. There are two major deltas with fertile arable land in Viet Nam, which are the Red River delta, locally known as the Northern delta of 16,700 km2, and the Mekong River delta or the Southern delta of 40,000 km2. Between these two major deltas is a chain of small deltas located along the Central coast from the Ma River basin in Thanh Hoa province to Phan Thiet with a total area of 15,000 km2.

2. Climate

Viet Nam is located in the tropical and temperate zone. Viet Nam's climate is characterized by high temperature and humidity all year round. North Viet Nam, under the impact of the Chinese mainland, has more or less mainland climate. In addition, the Eastern Sea also affects Viet Nam's tropical monsoon climate. The monsoon climate does not spread evenly all over the Vietnamese territory, where there are different regions with different climates. Viet Nam's climate changes by seasons and by regions from the lowland to highland, from North to South and from East to West. Given the strong influence of the Northwest monsoon, the average temperature in Viet Nam is lower than many Asian countries located at the same latitude.





3. Rivers and sea


Viet Nam faces the Eastern Sea to the East and the Gulf of Thailand to the South and Southwest. The country has a long coastline of 3,260 km running from Mong Cai in the North to Ha Tien in the Southwest. Viet Nam's territorial waters in the Eastern Sea extend to the East and Southeast, including the continental shelf and many islands and archipelagoes. There is a group of 3,000 islands belonging to Viet Nam in the Tonkin Gulf, including Ha Long Bay, Bai Tu Long, Cat Hai, Cat Ba, Bach Long Vi, the Paracel and Spratly Islands. To the East and Southeast, there are groups of islands including Con Son, Phu Quoc and Tho Chu.

Along the coastline, from the North to the South, Viet Nam has lots of beautiful beaches, especially Ha Long Bay with more than 3,000 islands, is listed by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage site.

4. Land, flora and fauna

Viet Nam's soil is diverse with high fertility, thus providing very favourable conditions for the development of agriculture and forestry. Viet Nam is also endowed with abundant and diverse flora, including 14,600 species of vegetation. Viet Nam's flora is mainly covered by tropical forests with plants and trees adapted to much sunshine, high temperature and high humidity.


Viet Nam preserves some precious national parks of high biodiversity, such as Hoang Lien Son National Park (in Fan Xi Pan mountain, Lao Cai Province), Cat Ba National Park (Quang Ninh Province), Cuc Phuong National Park (Ninh Binh Province), Pu Mat National Park (Quang Binh Province), Bach Ma National Park (Thua Thien - Hue), Con Dao National Park (Ba Ria - Vung Tau), and Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province), etc. While remaining eco-tourism attractions, these national parks are ideal places for Vietnamese and foreign scientists to conduct research.





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