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ن : مرکز آزمون
ت : یکشنبه 9 مهر‌ماه سال 1396

Questions 1-10

It has long been known that when exposed to light under suitable conditions of temperature and moisture, the green parts of plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen to it. These exchanges are the opposite of those that occur in respiration. The process is called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant cells in the presence of light. In most plants, the water used in photosynthesis is absorbed from the soil by the roots and translocated through the xylem of the root and stem to the leaves. Except for the usually small percentage used in respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out of the leaf into the atmosphere through the stomates. Oxygen is the product of the reaction. For each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. A summary chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

6C02 + 6Н2О --> С6 H12О6 + 6O2

As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn, the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of their decomposition are recombined into a new compound, which is successively built up into more and more complex substances. After many intermediate steps, sugar is produced. At the same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the atmosphere.


1. Which title best expresses the ideas in this passage?

(A) A Chemical Equation

(B) The Process of Photosynthesis

(C) The Parts of Vascular Plants

(D) The Production of Sugar

2. In photosynthesis, water

(A) must be present

(B) is produced in carbohydrates

(C) is stored as chemical energy

(D) interrupts the chemical reaction

3. Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?

(A) Decomposition

(B) Synthesization

(C) Diffusion

(D) Respiration

4. The combination of carbon dioxide and water to form sugar results in an excess of

(A) water

(B) oxygen

(C) carbon

(D) chlorophyll

5. The word "stored" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) retained

(B) converted

(C) discovered

(D) specified

6. In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is

(A) changed to chemical energy

(B) conducted from the xylem to the leaves of green plants

(C) not necessary to the process

(D) released one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used

7. The word "their" in line 15 refers to

(A) radiant energy and chemical energy

(B) carbon dioxide and water

(C) products

(D) complex substances

8. The word "successively" in line 15 is close in meaning to

(A) with effort

(B) in a sequence

(C) slowly

(D) carefully

9. Besides the manufacture of food for plants, what is another benefit of photosynthesis?

(A) It produces solar energy.

(B) It diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air.

(C) It maintains a balance of gases in the atmosphere.

(D) It removes harmful gases from the air.

10. Which of the following is NOT true of the oxygen used in photosynthesis?

(A) Oxygen is absorbed by the roots.

(B) Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis:

(C) Oxygen is used in respiration.

(D) Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the leaves.

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ن : مرکز آزمون
ت : یکشنبه 8 مرداد‌ماه سال 1396