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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Organ System
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
group of tissues that work together to perform closely related fuctions
Cell Specialization
the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks
process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
Active Transport
energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Facilitated Diffusion
movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution
the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
Lipid Bilayer
double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
Cell Wall
strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
Cell Membrane
one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins
granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
Nuclear Envelope
layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
material inside the cell membrane—not including the nucleus
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Calvin Cycle
reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
ATP Synthase
large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
Light-Dependent Reactions
reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)
one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts
light-collecting units of the chloroplast
saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts
principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy
Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle
process that requires oxygen
process that does not require oxygen
process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
electron carrier involved in glycolysis
Cellular Respiration
disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
Cell Cycle
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
division of the cytoplasm during cell division
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Cell Division
process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells