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42 Cards in this Set

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Applying the same infection control procedures during the care of all clients, regardless of their health histories
universal precautions
how do you handle waste disposal during treatment
discard saliva or blood soaked items in biohazard bag taped to cabinet, do not allow contaminated waste to accumulate on tray, wipe instrument before returning to tray
high level disinfectant
kills all/ inactivates bacterial spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, depending on contact time can either be disinfectant or sterilant
describe chemical vapor under pressure
alcohol, formaldehyde, ketone, and water heated under pressure to produce a gas, 20 minutes. adv: ease of operation, no corrosion, relatively short cycle. DIS: ventilation, slight odor, special solution required
the absence of infectious materials, achieved by removing or killing microorganisms
what are antiseptics applied to
living tissues
what are disinfections applied to
inanimate objects
physical or chemical process that destroys all living organisms including bacterial spores in or on an object
procedures to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of disease transmission
infection control protocol
the process by which the number of organisms on inanimate objects is reduced to a safe level. It does not imply freedom from microorganisms and generally refers to a cleaning process
the joint action of agents so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual parts
invasive procedure
entry into tissues during which bleeding occurs or the potential for bleeding ocurs
broad spectrum
indicates a range of activity of a drug or chemical sustance against a wide variety of microorganisms
aseptic technique
procedures carried out in the absence of pathogenic microorganisms
agents that kill sporicidal, bacteriocidal, and virucidal
what is an antimicrobial agent
any agent that prevents or arrests the growth or action of microorganisms either by inhibiting their activity or by detroying them; term used especially for preparations applied topically to living tissue
items designed to protect oral healthcare workers from exposure to blood-borne and other pathogens (gloves, masks, safety, glasses
personal protective equipment
what is OSHA
occupational safety and health administration that became effective in 1992. it protect occupational health care workers against exposure to bloodborne infectious disease
what is the best indication of disinfectant-tuberculocial
myobacterium tuberculosis is the most heat resistance organism. It is used as a benchmark.
what is the best verification of steriliation and what does it entail
monitoring, involves use of weekly spore strips or vials. monitoring microorganisms include: bacillus stearothermophilis for autoclave and chemical vapor and bacillus subtilis for dry heat and ethylene oxide
describe ethyline oxide
commonly used in hospitals or institutions, creates a gas vapor toxic to microorganisms at relatively low temperature, 10-16 hours, adv: does not damage heat sensitive materials, low temperature. DIS: long cycle, use of hazardous chemical high cost
decribe dry heat (oxidation of cell parts)
2 hours, adv: does not dull or corrode, easy to use , non-toxic. dis: long exposure time, poor penetration, destroy heat-sensitive materials
name four sterilization methods
moist heat-steam under pressure, dry heat, chemical vapor, and ethyline oxide
briefly describe steam autoclave?
moist heat under pressure, 15-30 minutes, adv: time efficient, good penetration, wide range of materials, nontoxic. dis: possible corrosion of non-stainless steel instruments, not suitable for oils or powders
intermediate level disinfectant
kills TB/ inactivates all forms of microorganisms except spores, kills mycobacterium tuberculosis
low level disinfectant
kills neither TB nor spores/ inactivates vegetative bacteria and some lipophilic viruses but is not tuberculocidal or sporicidal
name the criteria for ideal disinfectant
*tuberculocidal and viricidal
*effective within 10 minutes or less
*nontoxic and non-allergenic
*provides residual effect on treated surfaces, odorless, reasonable cost, retains stability and effectiveness, good penetrating and cleaning ability, and not damaging to equipment and environmental surfaces
name some factors that influence the efectiveness of surface disinfectant
the number and type of organisms present, amount of bioburden (residue left behind on instruments), selection of EPA disinfectant (must be tuberculocidal) appropriate concentration, precleaning of surface to remove bioburden
name some equipment barriers for radiographic procedures
plastic bag to cover PID, plastic cover for exposure control switch, cover headrest and chair controls
during radiographic procedures, how do you handle surface cleaning and disinfection
use "spray-wipe-spray" with PPE and nitrile gloves, but do not spray directly on control panel
name some ways to protect dental records
hygiene assistant, overgloves, tape record data, voice activated computer software
during patient care, how do you minimize cross contamination
use overgloves, disinfect anything touched with contaminated hands, avoid entering drawers, protect dental records
describe the care and maintenance of DUWL
check anti-retraction valves regularly, flush lines 2-5 minutes at the beginning of the day, flush 30 seconds between patients
true or false? there are high concentrations of bacteria found in DUWL of handpieces, a/w syringes and ultrasonics
in the preparation of treatment areas, noncritical means
they do not penetrate but are exposed (light handles). Use intermediate level disinfectant
chemical or physical agents that destroy microorganisms but may not kill bacterial spores
in the preparation of the treatment area, critical means
those that penetrate oral soft tissue or bone (curet)
during patient care, how do you reduce the aerosol and splatter
preprocedural rinse or toothbrushing, use a/w syringe separately not combined, use high volume suction, and proper patient positioning
in the preparation of the treatment area semicritical means,
instruments that come in contact with mucous membranes (film holders). They must be sterilized by heat or high level disinfectant
what does DUWL stand for
dental unit water line; anti-retraction valves, filtration devices, and self contained water systems
noscomial infection
an infection occuring in a patient while in a healthcare facility that was not present at the time of admission
how do you handle waste disposal during treatment
discard saliva or blood soaked items in biohazard bag taped to cabinet