A 10-month study of healthy honey bees by University of California, San Francisco scientists has identified four new viruses that infect bees, while revealing that each of the viruses or bacteria previously linked to colony collapse is present in healthy hives as well. The study followed 20 colonies in a commercial bee-keeping operation of more than 70,000 hives as they traversed the country pollinating crops, to answer one basic question: what does a normal hive look like in terms of viruses and bacteria through the seasons?
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