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Can Some Children Outgrow Autism?

TUESDAY, March 19, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Some toddlers thought to have mild autism "outgrow" the diagnosis, but most continue to struggle with language and behavior, new research suggests.

The study is not the first to document cases of autism "recovery." Doctors have known for decades that a small number of young children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seem to outgrow it.


Her team found that of the 38 children who "lost" their autism diagnosis, most were found to have other conditions -- including learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders.

Why did the picture change for those children?

That's the "million-dollar question," said Shulman, a professor of pediatrics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Health System in New York City.

One possibility is that the initial diagnosis was wrong. But it's also possible some children responded to early therapy aimed at supporting their development.

Shulman suspects both scenarios are true.

The 569 children in the study were diagnosed before the age of 3. And what looks like an autism in a 2-year-old may start manifesting differently as the child grows, Shulman explained. For example, that 2-year-old may actually have an anxiety disorder, but children that age simply can't express what they're feeling. It only becomes clearer when the child is a little older.


"I do think there is a group of children who were probably never going to have autism," Shulman said. "And there are some who respond to early intervention."

James Connell is clinical core director of the A.J. Drexel Autism Institute in Philadelphia. He agreed that in toddlers, it can be "difficult to pin down" whether it's autism or something else.

"Global developmental delays, language delays and separation anxiety in 18- to 24-month-old children can look like an ASD," said Connell, who was not involved in the study.

In fact, he said, "I would argue that most, if not all of these kids, did not have an ASD."



"A diagnosis of autism gets services -- services these children do need," he said. "Doctors know that. Parents know that."

The latest findings, published recently in the Journal of Child Neurology, were based on records for 569 children who were diagnosed with autism at the researchers' center between 2003 and 2013. Four years later, 38 of those kids no longer met the diagnostic criteria.


And nearly all saw their diagnoses evolve. A full 68 percent still had language or learning disabilities. Half were diagnosed with "externalizing" behavior disorders -- such as ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder -- while one-quarter had "internalizing" mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. Two children had more severe mental illnesses involving psychosis.

There were three children, the researchers added, who did not "warrant" any alternative diagnosis.

Those kids, Connell said, probably never had autism. "Most researchers would agree that children are never 'cured' of autism -- it just becomes less apparent," he said.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on diagnosing autism.


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