Scientific Research


Scientific Research


the process of developing new scientific knowledge, one of the types of cognitive activity. Scientific research is characterized by objectivity, reproducibility, de-monstrability, and exactness (the latter being understood in different ways in different fields of science). There are two interrelated levels of scientific research: empirical and theoretical. On the first level, new facts of science are established and empirical laws are formulated by generalizing on these facts. On the second level, laws general for the particular field are formulated to permit explanation of previously discovered facts and empirical patterns and also to predict future events and facts.

The main components of scientific research are the statement of the problem; preliminary analysis of available information, conditions, and methods for solving problems of the given class; formulation of a working hypothesis; theoretical analysis of the hypothesis; planning and organization of an experiment; conduct of the experiment; analysis and generalization of results obtained; checking of the working hypothesis on the basis of the facts obtained; final formulation of new facts and laws; and development of explanations or scientific predictions. A further stage is added for applied science: introduction of the knowledge gained into production. The structure of scientific research is determined by various combinations of the stages listed, which may be carried out in various orders and with certain repetitions and modifications. In a number of cases, various stages may be absent (for example, when experimentally verifying previously advanced hypotheses).

Inasmuch as the results of scientific research should not repeat previously discovered facts and laws, the process of scientific research should be viewed as a function of the goal and the time available. Of two research processes relating to the same set of objects and solving the same task, that process is more effective which, other conditions being equal, leads to the intended goal in the shorter time.

Scientific research can be classified according to various principles. Among the most widespread is the division of scientific research into fundamental and applied research, quantitative and qualitative research, and unique and complex research. The reciprocal superposition and further segmentation of these classifications provide a multistep classificational hierarchy of scientific research.

In all the developed countries of the world, modern scientific research absorbs a considerable part of the gross national product (about 3 percent in the USA and USSR). Scientific research has a profound effect on all aspects of public life, including economic and technical progress and the management of public institutions. For this reason, the problem of financing, planning, and organizing scientific research and ensuring its effectiveness is a central problem of government policy; research has begun on the organization, economics, and methodology of scientific research. The methods and practices of scientific research are used widely beyond the boundaries of science to solve many economic and social problems.


References in periodicals archive ?
The award will be be given annually to individuals who contributed significantly to the development of scientific research in universities and research institutions across the UAE and provided scientists with the opportunity to pursue their research in pivotal scientific areas.
This brings me to the key role of scientific research.
Tehran, SANA- A delegation of the Syrian Students' Union visited Tehran University and discussed the possibility of exchanging expertise and scientific researches in various specialties.
Dr Jawahery said companies now attach great importance to the issues of scientific research and innovation.
The event also saw presentations focused on the most important pillars and areas that highlight the efforts of the Ruler of Sharjah to provide the right base and necessary infrastructure and human resources with extensive scientific expertise in support of scientific research.
But Carpio said a ban on foreign scientific research in Philippine Rise should apply only to China because it had stood firm on disrespecting the July 2016 ruling of the UN-backed Permanent Court of Arbitration that upheld the Philippines' sovereign rights in the West Philippine Sea, waters within Manila's 370-kilometer exclusive economic zone in the South China Sea recognized by Unclos.
The decision stipulates the establishment of a fund under the name 'Social Solidarity Fund for Students and Scientific Research', which will be a charitable foundation under the supervision of RAKMHSU.
King Abdullah expressed support for the center in promoting scientific research and supporting student and academic innovative projects,.
The National High-Level Commission for Science and Technology plays a key role in implementing these guidelines, coordinating between different sectoral programs in the areas of science and technologies in order to boost scientific research activities in promising high-level technological sectors and strengthening innovating projects, particularly in the areas of information and communication technologies, biotechnology, electronics, renewable energy, agriculture and food industries.
This study aimed at identifying the status and obstacles of scientific research in Jordanian higher education institutions.
New Delhi, Feb 27 (ANI): Union Minister for Science and Technology Kapil Sibal on Friday said the government was making all efforts to encourage development and commercialization of inventions and innovations in the field of scientific research.
BAGHDAD, July 10 (VOI) Co The research and development department in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research revealed a new plan to further research in Iraqi ministries and institutions, announcing amounts of up to 60 million dinar support for each research project.

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