HTLC Network | Sudan
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Sudan is the largest and one of the most diverse countries in Africa. At its north-eastern border it provides access to the Red Sea through more than 800 km of coastline.


Sudan borders Egypt, Libya, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and Eritrea. Sudan hosts deserts, mountains to the east and west as well as swamps and rain forests, the Nile and its tributaries.



Once ruled as an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Sudan drew inspiration for a revolt in 1955 from Egyptian nationalism but did not gain independence until 1956. In 1962 civil war broke out in the southern parts of Sudan and the country is still suffering after decades of conflicts. The main ingredients feeding the war is oil, the Islamic Sharia-law (introduced by Numieri 1983 causing a religious conflict between the Christian south and the Islamic north) and the genocide in Darfur. In spite of several attempts for peace agreements the situation remains unchanged as these decisions do not cover the Darfur region. Chinas’ large oil interests in Sudan blocks any real action by the UN security council and without political pressure from the world on the governments in Sudan and China the situation in Darfur remains unchanged and critical.



The Arab population in the north and African in the south make up the main percentage of the population, but the Sudanese have numerous different ethnic backgrounds and there are more than 300 local tribes. About 60 per cent of the population are Muslim, 25 per cent are animist, and 15 per cent Christian.



Arabic is the official language, but it is assumed more than 400 tribal languages and dialects exists. English was acknowledged as the principal language in southern Sudan and at the University of Khartoum in late 1980’s but in 1990 a new policy for higher education was announced by the Sudanese government indicating the language of instruction in all institutions of higher learning would be Arabic.



After decades of violent civil war together with political instability, draught, a large foreign debt and huge arrears Sudan is left struggling with a weak economic situation. Due to the extremely dry climate in the central part of the country, the main agricultural activities concentrate in Khartoum, Port Sudan, or around the Nile River. The government sparked the economy in 1999 changing its economic behaviour through macro economic reforms and if peace could replace the ongoing war the dividends could be great as Sudan has large areas of cultivatable land, with natural resources such as gold, cotton, sesame, sugar and oil.



Sudan has four main climactic zones ; the north which has hot ,dry weather with hardly any rain and temperatures reaching a maximum of 43.3 degrees C (110 degrees F); central areas which have lower temperatures of around 26.7 degrees with rain falling between June and September; southern areas where the climate changes into a more equatorial climate with high temperatures, high rainfall and very high humidity with the average annual temperature being around 29.4 degrees C (about 85 degrees F); and the extreme south where the rainy season lasts for almost 9 months.

Dominated by the Nile, Sudan is Africa’s largest country with a generally flat, featureless plain and arid desert in the north, mountains in the northeast, west and far south where there is much wild nature and a more tropical climate in the south.



Sudan’s´ position almost at the centre of the African continent with nine neighboring countries, boundaries defined by European powers at the end of the nineteenth century, has created a zone of interaction between the Hamitic Arabs and the Negro Africans resulting in its many different ethnic groups and unique multifaceted culture.


Between the cities of Omdurman and Khartoum North, the Blue Nile converges calmly with the White Nile. The shape of the junction is said to resemble the trunk of an elephant, which is also the meaning behind the name of the capital city, Khartoum. These two cities dominate the country’s urban center and are the destination for the majority of expatriate assignments into the country. The capital has been described as the’ world’s largest waiting room’ and even though it is very poor, it is fascinating and complex with a well-planned centre made up with elegant colonial buildings and low level one-storied houses along the Nile.


The country’s population is concentrated around the capital Khartoum (66 percent of the population lived within 300 kilometers of the capital) and in Al Awsat. The neighboring city of Omurdan is the largest city whilst Port of Sudan is Sudan’s face to the outside world, joined to other major towns by a railway and a motorway, with an airport second largest after that of Khartoum. Situated on the eastern bank of the Nile lies Karima, a busy commercial and transportation center of the Northern State. In terms of economic and demographic importance are the cities Juba, Malakal and Wau. Wad Medani, located 186 km south of Khartoum, administers the large cotton and wheat plantations through the Gezira Scheme Board.


Being rich in natural resources such as petroleum has sparked Sudan’s´ economy thanks to increases in oil production, high oil prices, and foreign investments. Despite this natural wealth, much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line almost exclusively as a result of the recent decades of armed conflicts which have drained these valuable resources at the expense of health, education and welfare of the country despite the fact it is one of the least densely populated countries in Africa.


Sudan’s´ diverse climatic conditions across the country, with huge water resources, a large reserve of cattle and sheep and vast arable lands makes it suitable for cultivating various crops and fruits such as cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), wheat, gum Arabic, sugarcane, mangos, bananas the whole year round why Agriculture is important as it employs 80% of the work force.


The Sudanese cuisine is extremely simple as the seasoning is generally confined to salt, pepper and lemon juice. Poultry and meat such as chicken, beef, liver and kidney are commonly stewed and served with salads, vegetables or bread. In accordance with religious practice, the meals are eaten from a communal bowl, using the fingers of the right hand.


Since the implementation of the Sharia law the rights for women are limited, imposing a conservative dress code and restrictions on movement. In the northern states Islamic laws apply to all residents regardless of their religion. Expatriates need to be sure to adhere to what is required locally when moving around in public.

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Divided by the Niles, Khartoum is a tripartite metropolis with an estimated overall population of over five million people, consisting of Khartoum proper, and linked by bridges to Khartoum North called and Omdurman to the west. In the 21st century, Khartoum has developed based on Sudan’s oil wealth. Khartoum has the highest concentration of economic activity in the country.


SUDAN FAQ - Housing

An unfurnished property would contain no furniture (usually not even bathroom or kitchen furniture).

A semi – furnished property will contain some basic items of furniture but not usually any electro-domestics or other fittings.

A fully furnished property would be furnished with all accessories as well as furniture.


It is always worth trying to negotiate furnishings with the landlord as well as rental fee, although usually there is little flexibility as to price.

How can i secure a property i choose?

It is not common practice to pay a holding deposit or to sign a pre-lease agreement.

How many properties will I be shown?


What costs are involved in renting a property?

Real Estate Fee is 1 months rent (to be paid by tenant and landlord).
A security deposit of 1 month is to be paid as well as the first rental payment, which is usually also 1 month.

What other expenses should I expect to pay?

On top of monthly rental fee will be a condominium fee ( to cover maintenance and lighting of any common area ) as well as a fee for generator.

What is the process flow to rent a property?

As is not common practice to pay a holding deposit or to make a pre-lease agreement , when a property has been selected, a lease is negotiated, signed and payment made.


As long as the property is left in the same condition as when rented , minus usual wear and tear, the deposit will be refunded (provided the contract is not terminated prior to term).


Tenants are responsible for minor maintenance of the property – this will be stated in the property lease contract.

Can I make any alterations to the property?

Only with the owners written permission.

What if I need to terminate the lease early?

It is possible to negotiate a break clause into a contract (standard contracts are of one year, renewable) The security deposit is forfeited if lease is terminated early.

SUDAN FAQ - Utilities
What utility expenses will I have to pay?

Utilities payable in a rental property are : electricity, water, bottled gas and telephone where there is a landline.

How are these accounts charged?

The accounts remain in the name of the landlord and are charged as follows : Electricity : there is a PREPAID service – this can be purchased directly or through an agent, anywhere throughout the city Water : bills are consigned by an agent directly to the property , they can either be paid immediately or after a 2-3 day period Gas : only small cylinders can be purchased, from the agents of any petrol company Telephone : bills are consigned monthly directly to the property (some companies offer either pre-paid service or monthly billing).

What documents do I need to install a Telephone Line?

Although lines usually remain in the name of the landlord, it is possible to install one also in the name of the tenant: required documentation is a valid Work Permit and residency, a signed rental contract.

How long do i have to wait for my telephone line?

Usually just a few days ,depending on the provider.

How will i be billed?

You can chose to pay monthly or on a pre-paid contract .

SUDAN FAQ - Driving
Is my licence valid in Sudan ?


For how long can I drive my own car in Sudan?

A car with foreign plates can be driven for up to 90 days in Sudan (provided it has comprehensive insurance cover).

Can I buy a car?

A foreigner can purchase a vehicle in Sudan provided he/she is in possession of a Driving license , a Passport and a Residency Permit.

SUDAN FAQ - Work permit
What documentation is required for workers coming to Sudan?

A Work Permit and a residence permit.

Shall I be present for application?

We can apply for you whenever ossible with a POA.

What about my family?

Dependant family members can apply for Residency Permit on the basis of being accompanying family members; they do not have the right to work in the country. If they want to work, they will require a Work Permit in their own right.

SUDAN FAQ - Safety
How can I ensure the security of my family?

Khartoum is heavily policed and there are also private companies offering security services. Foreigners are advised to take properties with security provisions or engage services of a provider.

Are there any precautions a foreigner can take ?

Petty theft – foreigners become victims of petty theft in Khartoum on a semi-regular basis. Common sense precautions should prevent most trouble. Avoid very crowded areas. Women – Women travelling alone will generally find that they are no less safe in Khartoum than in other areas of the world. However, women are advised to err on the side of caution in regards to wearing revealing clothing and enjoying the nightlife on their own.

SUDAN FAQ - Health
Do I have to be vaccinated before arriving to Sudan?

All travellers entering the country from an endemic area are required to present a certificate of immunization against yellow fever.

Are there any particular health risks in Sudan?

Drinking water – foreigners are advised to drink only bottled water and to drink lots of it to avoid problems with heat exhaustion and dehydration.

Sandstorms – These are unfortunately common in this desert area and can be painful if caught in them so foreigners should be aware of weather conditions before travelling outside.

Malaria disease- foreigners protect them selves by avoiding mosquitoes bites and taking protection tablets.


SUDAN FAQ - About HTLC Network
Why should I choose HTLC Network?

– Extensive rapidly growing client list.
– Exclusive partner/representative of many Global Relocation Service Providers.
– Exclusive representative of many International Law and Immigration Firms.
– Comprehensive FAQs for each country serviced.
– Complimentary 3-month Helpline.

SUDAN FAQ - For corporate
How does HTLC Network assist with Immigration?



What time scale should be allowed to process Work Permit applications?


How can we determine a realistic Housing Budget for Transferees?














How does HTLC Network handle Group Moves?


In main centres we have several Local Counsellors.

What ongoing support is provided for Transferees and families?





Area: 2,505,808 sq km
Time Zone: EET (GMT+3)
Capital city: Khartoum
Climate: Tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region. Sandstorms – the haboob, can occur from May through July and periodic persistent droughts.


Stateform: Military government
Legislative Branch: Bicameral National Legislature
National Holiday: Independence Day, 1 January
Currency: Sudanese Pounds (SDG)


Population: Approximately 40,218,455 (July 2008 est)
Religion: Sunni Muslim (in north), Christian (mostly in south and Khartoum) and indigenous beliefs.
Ethnic groups: Black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%