MASS MURDERER GENGHIS KHAN - In twenty-five years, the Mongol army subjugated more lands and people than the Romans had conquered in four hundred years -He took the disjointed and languorous trading towns along the Silk Route and organized them into history's largest free-trade zone.

Mongol Empire in 1300-1400Mongol Empire in 1300-1400
Genghis Khan’:-According to the works of Iranian historian Rashid-ad-Din Fadl Allah, Mongols massacred over 700,000 people in Merv and more than a million in Nishapur. China suffered a drastic decline in population as a direct result of the Khan: before the Mongol invasion, China had about 100 million inhabitants; after the complete conquest, 1279, the census in 1300 showed it to have roughly 60 million people.The invasions of Baghdad,Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders, such as when portions of southern Khuzestan were completely destroyed. His descendant, Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part.The Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people.n much of Russia, Middle East, Korea, China, Ukraine, Poland and Hungary, Genghis Khan and his regime are credited with considerable damage, destruction and loss of population.the legend about his conquers of Nishapur, took a terrible turn when his favorite son-in-law got killed.
The ever so “good hearted” Khan (his rule was that if you surrendered you were allowed to live) got so angry, he put out a death warrant on all the inhabitants of the city, population at the time 1,748,000.
Thanks to his far-flung travels and his appetite for women, a 2003 study found that as many as 16 million people alive today — or about 0.5 percent of the global population – are descendants of Khan.
1202 --  Genghis Khan manages to totally exterminate the Tatar people.
1215  --  Beijing besieged and sacked. (Full conquest of North China not complete until 1234).

1219  -- war with the empire of Khwarizm, ruled by Sultan Muhammad (covering the present-day countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and most of Iran). Reaches Otrar. His forces lay siege and capture the town.
1220  --   attacks and seizes Bukhara. Capture Samarqand.  Finds and kills Sultan Muhammad. Crosses Caucasus mountains and defeats an army of Russians and Kipchak Turks in the Crimea.
1221 --  crosses the Oxus into northern Afghanistan. His youngest son sacks towns in Persia. Sultan Jalal al-Din, the son of Sultan Muhammad, wins a battle at Parvan, north of Kabul, Afghanistan, but is then defeated on the banks of the Indus River. Genghis Khan starts back home. 

1231 -- Mongols conquer Korea.
By 1235-Subodei had conquered as far as Georgia in 1221 and fought Russians in 1224- led an army of 50,000 Mongols and 100,000 allies north up the Volga River to Bulgaria. Mongke led a force south to take on the Kipchak Turks. Cities that did not agree to hand over ten percent of their wealth as tribute were attacked, and aristocratic rulers were put to death. Captives were enslaved and forced to fight at the front of the Mongol army and were killed if they did not. Kiev was taken in December 1240, looted, and then burned down. Mongol armies swept across Poland to Germany and through Hungary up to Vienna. A major battle was fought at Liegnitz on April 9, 1241 as the clever Mongols by retreating lured the German knights into swamps, where 25,000 were killed or captured. Prisoners were sold or put to work; miners helped develop the mineral resources in Dzungaria of western Mongolia. Hungarian king Bela IV retreated from the army of Subodei. The Mongols used burning oil and gun powder to cause panic, forcing the Hungarians to flee toward Pest. There Christian priests marched with bone relics, which offended the Mongols' religion; two archbishops, a bishop, and many Templar knights were killed. In this war the Europeans lost nearly a hundred thousand knights.
December 1241-Ogodei died of excessive drinking-and the next year the Mongols withdrew from Europe to Russia. They sold their prisoners to Venetian and Genoese merchants, who distributed them in Mediterranean markets; most ended up in Egypt's slave army.
1253, kept the Mongols out of southern Song China for a while. Mongke and his brothers ruled over an immense empire that was symbolized by a Silver Tree with four serpents that provided drinks
By 1274 the Mongols had assembled ships built in Korea to invade Japan; but after winning a battle on land, a storm destroyed the fleet, and 13,000 invaders were lost.
 when a large rebellion erupted in Jiangnan- china  in 1279, the Mongol army crushed it in 1281 and beheaded 20,000 rebels
Tibet-1285-The Brigung sect attacked his Saskya sect and the Mongols in 1285. Khubilai sent his son Temur Bukha with an army that destroyed the Brigung monastery and killed 10,000 men in 1290 in Tibet

In 1281 a Korean fleet invaded Japan again and was to be joined by a Chinese fleet, which arrived late; but again a storm destroyed them, drowning about a hundred thousand. Southern Chinese merchants complained about building 500 more boats for a third invasion, and Khubilai cancelled the campaign in 1286.
in 1287 and occupied Hanoi -vietnam
Khubilai sent an army to invade Burma in 1283, and in 1287 they occupied Pagan for a few months.
In 1289 Java's Kertanagara branded the Mongol envoy on his face. A naval expedition with a thousand boats led by Gao Xing went to Java in 1293, but despite the current civil war in Java they fell into an ambush and retreated.
Italian traveler Marco Polo served Khubilai Khan from 1275 to 1291- he wrote that anyone encountered by the funeral procession of a Khan was killed, claiming that 20,000 were put to death when Mongke Khan died in 1259;Khubilai celebrated the religious feasts of all major religions, revering Jesus, Muhammad, Moses, and Sakyamuni (Buddha). He thought the Christian faith was best, because he found its teachings only good and holy. However, with so few Christians in his empire Khubilai would not accept baptism unless the Pope sent him a hundred religious scholars to teach the religion; but his repeated requests for this were ignored.Marco Polo also described the incredible wealth and luxuries of Khubilai's court and the speed of his postal messengers, who covered over 200 miles per day on horseback. Marco Polo praised the comfort of stations on the trade routes every twenty or thirty miles. Where possible Khubilai had trees planted along these roads, because his advisors told him those who plant trees live long. In addition to providing food and clothing for the poor, he also supported about 5,000 astrologers and soothsayers. Although the Mongols obviously dominated by using violent warfare, they contributed to world culture by promoting free trade, allowing open communication, sharing knowledge and technology, tolerating religious diversity under a secular state, and encouraging diplomatic immunity. Khubilai died in 1294 and was succeeded by his grandson Temur.

Artist's rendition of the silver tree at Karakorum, as described by William of Rubruck
-airak (fermented mare's milk) for the Mongolian north, mead from honey for the European west, grape wine for the south, and rice wine for the east
Nishapur 1,747,000 dead
Baghdad 1,600,000 dead

Image:Hulagu Baghdad 1258.jpgthe Mongol siege of Baghdad in 1258
Herat 1,600,000 dead

Samarkand 950,000 dead
The Mongols encountered resistance in both Bukhara and Samarkand and consequently sacked them both in 1220, decimating their populations, only sparing the artisans that they considered useful. Balkh, Merv and Nishapur followed in 1221.The cities of Yazd and Shiraz were both spared destruction by offering tribute to their marauding armies.
Merv 700,000 dead

Aleppo 50,000 dead
Balkh completely destroyed
Khiva completely destroyed
Harran completely destroyed

A battle between a Mongol army and the Mamluks  in modern-day Palestine:-[. near modern-day Nazareth]  The Mongol army lost the Battle This was the first defeat of theMongol Empire in which they didn't return to seek battle again.
During the 1250s, Genghis's grandson, Hulegu Khan, operating from the Mongol base in Persia, destroyed the Abbasid Caliphatein Baghdad as well as the Hashshashin (the Assassins).
 Under Genghis' son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols gained control of all of China.

John Man is the author of Genghis Khan.: It’s pretty certain, I’d say it’s 90% certain, he was what I call the alpha male, and women were a pretty important part of his booty of dominance, if you like. And the empire spread all over Eurasia and it has been found that there is a genetic marker which indicates nothing more than for sex of those who own it, but it affects now some 16-million males across Eurasia, which is something like 1 in 200 of all men living owe a tiny bit of their genetic inheritance to 'Chingis', not Genghis as he seemed to be spelt in English, but 'Chingis'.
 Without portraits of Genghis Khan or any Mongol record, the world was left to imagine him as it wished. No one dared to paint his image until half a century after his death,
The tribe of Genghis Khan acquired a variety of names—Tartar, Tatar, Mughal, Moghul, Moal, and Mongol
When American bombs and missiles drove the Taliban from power in Afghanistan in 2002, the Taliban soldiers equated the American invasion with that of the Mongols, and therefore, in angry revenge, massacred thousands of Hazara, the descendants of the Mongol army who had lived in Afghanistan for eight centuries. During the following year, in one of his final addresses to the Iraqi people, dictator Saddam Hussein made similar charges against the Mongols as the Americans moved to invade his country and remove him from power.
Genghis Khan's empire connected and amalgamated the many civilizations around him into a new world order. At the time of his birth in 1162, the Old World consisted of a series of regional civilizations each of which could claim virtually no knowledge of any civilization beyond its closest neighbor. No one in China had heard of Europe, and no one in Europe had heard of China, and, so far as is known, no person had made the journey from one to the other. By the time of his death in 1227, he had connected them with diplomatic and commercial contacts that still remain unbroken.
With Chinese engineers and European artisans, Hulegu advanced the machinery of war. 

 Hulegu supplemented his army with Armenians, Georgians, and Turks. By employing iron tubes instead of bamboo, the Mongols used gunpowder to expel metal projectiles and ceramic balls filled with gunpowder that exploded on contact. Their innovations included explosives to undermine walls, smoke bombs, grenades, mortars, and incendiary rockets. Thus Baghdad was struck from a distance and then stormed; in February 1258 for the first time in its five centuries the capital of the Abbasid caliphs surrendered to non-Muslims. The looting went on for 17 days, and then the city was set on fire. Many Christians in Baghdad supported the Mongols. Damascus surrendered before it was attacked. Mongke Khan died in 1259, and the following September the Mamluks of Egypt stopped the Mongol advance and defeated them in Galilee. Hulegu still had the largest portion of the Mongol empire and took Azerbaijan from his cousins. These descendants of Jochi declined to abandon their remaining territory in Russia to attend the khuriltai and became known as the Golden Horde. Hulegu's descendants in the vast Persian empire from Afghanistan to Turkey became known as the Ilkhans or vassal emperors.

As early as 1263 Khubilai Khan ordered an ancestral temple for his family in the Chinese tradition. The Forbidden City, where only Mongols were allowed, was constructed within Beijing, and other sections were designated for foreigners as well. 
 Mongols and other foreigners (mostly from Persia) replaced most of the Confucian aristocrats in government, and the civil service exams were abolished. Many Chinese intellectuals had been made slaves until the Mongols realized they could be useful in their administration. The Mongols then decided to staff each office with quotas of northern Chinese, southern Chinese, and foreigners.
Beijing: Khubilai's government guaranteed property rights, reduced taxes, and improved roads. The number of capital offenses was reduced, and less than 2,500 criminals were executed during his reign.

 The Mongols facilitated commerce and the spreading of many Chinese technologies to Europe; Francis Bacon considered the most important of these gunpowder, printing, and the compass. The Chinese had begun using moveable type in the 12th century, and the Mongols applied this to their new alphabet, greatly reducing the cost of books. Physicians from Persia and India shared knowledge with the Chinese, improving the skills of all. Persian doctors and translators were imported, and 10,000 Russians colonized the region north of the capital.

Genghis Khan as portrayed in a 14th century Yuan era album.

Genghis Khan and Toghrul Khan. Illustration from a 15th century Jami' al-tawarikh manuscript


Asia in 1200 AD

Genghis Khan proclaimed Khagan of all Mongols. Illustration from a 15th century Jami' al-tawarikh manuscript

All significant conquests and movements of Genghis Khan and his generals during his lifetime
Location of Kara-Khitan Khanate
Khwarezmid Empire (1190–1220)
Genghis Khan and three of his four sons. Illustration from a 15th century Jami' al-tawarikh manuscript
Mongol "Great Khans" coin, minted at Balk, Afghanistan, AH 618, 1221 AD.
Mongol Empire in 1227 at Genghis Khan's death
Genghis Khan's son and successor, Ögedei Khan
Equestrian statue of Genghis Khan, the largest (40 metres tall) in the world, near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Genghis Khan on the Mongolian 1,000 tögrög banknote
Portrait on a hillside in Ulaanbaatar, 2006
Genghis Khan Monument in Hohhot
Invasions like the Battle of Baghdad by his grandson are treated as brutal and are seen negatively in Iraq. This illustration is from a 14th century Jami' al-tawarikh manuscript.
Mausoleum of Genghis Khan in the town of Ejin Horo Qi, China
 Monument in Hulunbuir
Statue of Genghis Khan at his mausoleum in Ejin Horo Qi, China