Brain cell death in Alzheimer's linked to structural flaw

Brain cell death in Alzheimer&#039;s linked to structural flaw

Approximately 5.4 million people in the United States have Alzheimer's disease, which causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. One of the characteristics of the disease is that a protein called tau forms clumps, or aggregates, in the brain.

Researchers have identified a new biological pathway involved in Alzheimer's disease. In experiments using fruit flies, blocking the pathway reduced the death of brain cells, suggesting that interfering with the pathway could represent a promising new strategy to treat the disease in human patients.

"We have identified multiple new cellular processes that go awry in Alzheimer's disease because of pathological tau," said the senior author. "Each of these processes that connect tau with brain cell death are potential drug targets. This new knowledge will allow more informed development of therapies for the disease."

"For rational drug design, it's important to be able to discriminate between cellular events that actually cause disease, which would be good drug targets, and cellular events that are only a side effect of the disease," said the senior author. "Using fruit flies allows us to do this very quickly because if we observe a process in the brains of humans with Alzheimer's, then we can block this process in a fly model of the disease and see if the fly gets better and determine if fewer brain cells die."



"We wanted to find out if these tunnels were actually causing neurons to die or whether they were a side effect of the disease," said senior author. "Using the fly model of Alzheimer's disease we genetically blocked the process of tunnel formation and found that indeed less brain cells died and the flies lived longer. We are now performing lab experiments to see if we can also block the process using drugs."



By identifying the cellular processes that connect the tau aggregates with eventual cell death, the researchers opened up a number of additional new targets for therapeutic interventions.

The new work is also one of the first examples of the brain being vulnerable to problems with lamin. Some scientists have thought that the brain responded differently to aging than other tissues because people with a disease called progeria, which involves mutations in the lamin gene, experience premature aging affecting tissues all over their body except the brain.

"We found that the brain is susceptible to dysfunction of the lamin nucleoskeleton, and that this disruption causes brain cells to die," said senior author. "These findings suggest that basic mechanisms of aging are conserved between the brain and other tissues in the body."