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Flashcards in PTE Posture done Deck (50):

What is posture?

Relative arrangement of body parts
•  Relative dispositon of the body at any one
•  A composite of the positons of the different joints of the body at that time


He landmarks for posture that will allow for the least amount of pressure on each joint?

Ear lobe
Midway of the pelvis
Greater trochanter
Slighty anterior to the knee
Slightly anterior to the ankle


 Posture why is it detremental?

•  A position that increases the stressjoints
•  Requires increase in muscle activity

Restrictions in normal movements may cause compensatory postures to muscle imbalances
so it will cause mores tress, just the exact opposite of what proper posture would do.

And now that there is more stress the muscles would need to work harder to be able to hold up that body part.

And to be able to move in the functional way that you want compensatory movements will be developed and so it might cause further issues.


What causes a faulty posture?

Hypomobile joint( too stiff in one area to allow the proper alognment
Weak(ms( can't keep the posture properly
Hypermobile(joint( it shifts too much
Pathology((a sickness
Environment(the place that they are
Shortened(or( lengthened(ms(so they are weak.
Body(image(At low self esteem, they will
show with forward slouching. So is the reason for the posture mechanical or

But at the basics, they cannot get to the position, either because of lack of ROM or the ROM is too much so then they will be to shifty and it will cause it that the muscles need to work harder.

And then also if the muscles cannot do the job.

Also if the person want to have that posture.


What two type of pathology may cause altered posture?

There are micro trauma and macro trauma.

Micro is, something that cannot be seen, and macro would be like a broken bone, perhaps also sprains and perhaps also strains.


Explain how microtrauma can lead to macro trauma.

There are repeated small damages all the time that add up, like shaving small bits over and over again.

The body will attempt to heal itself, but will it do such a great job, it would set up the tissue in an inappropriate manner and so the new structure will contribute to the pain. This being the new bones.

And just that there will be soft tissue damage.

So soft tissue damage and hard tissue damage.





As part of the upper and lower quadrant scan the posture assessment is supposed to tell us and supposed to show us what?

Is there psoture off, are they gaurding against pain, anything abnormal.


And a more through posture exam is done when?

During both the neuro exam and the ortho exam.


During neuron and prtho exam for posture how is it to help us?

The neuro we need to not just see if they have bad posture but if the strength is present or if they could hold themselves against gravity, that is the neuro part,

But for posture and ortho, you need to see how the posture is atteibuting to the pain.


What two things can cause bad posture?

The person just koves bada nd there ares tructuralroblems, but bad movement can also cause structural problems that will lead to further postural problem, continuous.


If a person is able to sit in a good posture but is not able to keept hat posture for a long period of time, what can be the cause?

–  Weakness((
–  Tightness(
–  Muscle(imbalance((which is kind of weakness
–  Pain( may be due to weak ess or tightness or imbalance
–  Respiratory(( they can be weak from this
–  Emo/onal( they just will slouch because they are upset.
–  Social((ie.(Taller(children)


But structural problmes for posture is a way that will cause it because

They just have something int he build that will not allow them to have the desired position.


If postural how can we fix it?

We need to see which change in posture is causing the most problem and attemptt o fix that.


If it is structural how can pt fix that?

We cannot do surgery so we will need to see how best they can compensate.


What is excessive lordosis?

When there is excessive anterior tilt of the pelvis leading to the excessive anterior shear of the lumbar area. But the cervical can also have lordosis, that it the cervical will be pushed anteriorly.



•  Hip(flexion(contracture(
•  Heavy(abdomen,(resul/ng(from(excess(weight(or(
•  Lax(abd(muscles,(in(combina/on(with(/ght(muscles,especially(hip(flexors(or(lumbar(extensors((
•  Fashion((high(heeled(shoes)1,pg877(
•  Spondylolisthesis((The vertebral are sliding forward.
•  Failure(of(segmenta/on(of(the(neural(arch(Can be born with this.• 
•  Compensa/on(due(to(a(kyphosis(
If their thorax is too kyphotic, they will go into lumbar lordosis to keep upright.


Name me three muscle that will cause lordosis?

Lordosis is anterior tilt of the pelvis, so tnree muscles that will cause anterior tilt of the pelvis.

Erectoe spinae
And rectus femoris


What is the lower quadrant cross syndrome?

Any muscle that is tight is opposite is weak.

But for lordosis there is weak posterior tilters so
Weak abs and tight paraspinals
And weak gluts and tight iliopoas


Swayback is?

When there is excessive lumbar lordosis there is increased thoracic kyphosis


Gibbus is?



If the lumbar area is flat that is?

A kyphosis in excess of the lumbara rea.


Right sided scoliosis will limit what and why? Left sided scoliosis will limit what and why?

Right will limit right because it has already come to the right and left will limit left because it has already come to the left





C1-C2 is cervicals and C3,4,5are the cervical.



What are the long anterior muscles of the cervocal in forward head posture?

Longus colli,

The longus colli are long


Upper cross supyndrome

You know that the person will come to the upper cervical extension so their upper cervical flexors are weak and their upper cervical extensors are tight and you know that the lower cervocal flexion os too much so the flexorsa re tight and the extensors are weak.

Upper cervical extensors are uppert rapsa nd levator scapulae and the lower cervical flexorsa ret he peca


Is there job causing them pain? Is a previous injury causing them to change their way of movememt so that it is causing a new pain. If it is a previous pain so maybe bpwe can go and change that and fix that old pain and to prevent and stop the new pain from continuing.



When looking from the anterior and posterior what are aomethigs that we must consider when loking at the person?

Head tilting.
Nose centered.
Mouth with lips slightly opened.
The toungue is behid their mouth.

So just go down the list.


If it is a lateral view point what do we look for?

To see if the ear is above the acromion, if it is forward, that the forward tphead posture, which it could be upper cervical, but also bpmaybe due to the thoracic kyphosis as a compensation for lumbar lordosis, so we need to look at the upper cervocal and the thoracic and the lumbar.


The dominate arm's shoulder height is ____ than the non-dominate arm's shoulder.



If the dominate arm's shoulder is higher than the non-dominate arm's shoulder, why?

Maybe scoliosis.


Protracted shoulders can be caused by

Tight pectoral muscles.


When we look at the ribs, the anterior, lateral,a nd the posterior, what arew e supposed to be looking for?

Anterior, are the ribs raised, is the carrying angle of the arms are 10-15 or less, and if more then the ulna is malpoaitions, and tne MCL is too lax, and lateral, is the sternum protruded or is the sternum cavitated, and posterior, aret he ribsaraised or not.



•  Check(if(winging,(downwardly(rotated,(protracted(
•  Causes:(weak(scap(ms,(/ght(scap(ms(


What is the normal pelvic angle?

30 degrees


Varus:(Bow(legged:((( is caused by

Cause:(LCL(laxity,(, because the legs are bow legged, so the lateral side of the knees are stretched
excessive(inversion,(, the ankles are inverted, so to not have the knees knock against each other the person will bow leg themselves
weak(hip(add(, it is caused by excessive abduction by not having strong enough adduction.


Knock legged, is valgus is caused by

The mcl being too stretched
Too much ankle eversion
And the adductors are too strong or that the abductors are too weak.


The knee alignment should be aligned with the _____ and the ______?

Hips and ankle,

It should all go stright down smoothly.


Frogeyes are outward and squinting is inwards, but froeyes, the outward, is caused by _____ and the squinting, the inwardness of the patella, is caused by ______?

The outward, the frogeyes, is caused by, retroversion, and to compensate, the patella will point outwards, and the squinting, the inward position if the patella, is a compensation of the hip being outwards, which is anteversion.


Rhe medial maleoli should be more or less anterior to the lateral maleoli?

More anterior


The medial maleoli should be more less distal to the lateral maleoli?



The medial maleoli is more anterior and less distal than the lateral maleoli, even though they are both from the tibia?



Medial is more

Anterior and proximal


Lateral is more

Posterior and distal




If the knees are are very bowy thent he hip will also be bowey, so the lumbar will also become very lordocic


Where else besides the knees are we to be finding varus and valgus?

The rear foot, the varus, varum, is moving outward, and the valgus, valgum, is the rear foot moving inward.


Can recurvatum cause lordosis?



If recurvatum can cause lordosis then what, besides strengthening the abdominals, is a way to rectify lordosis?

By fixing the recurvatum


What can indicate scoliosis?

A rib humo would be able to indicate scoliosis.