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  • Anterior chamber

    The anterior chamber  is the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea‘s innermost surface, the endothelium. Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber. Hyphema and glaucoma are two main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber. In glaucoma, blockage of the canal of Schlemm prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humor, resulting in accumulation of fluid, increased intraocular pressure, and eventually blindness.

  • Cataract




    Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type of cataract, though there is considerable overlap. People with nuclear sclerotic or brunescent cataract, often notice a reduction of vision. Those with posterior supcapsular cataract usually complain of glare as their major symptom.

    The severity of cataract formation, assuming that no other eye disease is present, is judged primarily by visual acuity test. The appropriateness of surgery depends on a patient’s particular functional and visual needs and other risk factors, all of which may vary widely.

  • Cataract Surgery



    This description of cataract surgery was brought to you by wikipedia at this link:

  • Cornea

    The cornea is the transpartent, dome-shaped lens that covers the front of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Although the cornea is clear and seems to lack substance, it is actually a highly organized group of cells and proteins.   The cornea, with the anterior chamber and lens, refracts light, with the cornea accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye’s total optical power.


    While the cornea contributes most of the eye’s focusing power, its focus is fixed. The curvature of the lens, on the other hand, can be adjusted to “tune” the focus depending upon the object’s distance.

  • Eye Examination

    An eye examination is a series of tests performed by an ophthalmologist (medical doctor), optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. Health care professionals often recommend that all people should have periodic and thorough eye examinations as part of routine primary care, especially since many eye diseases are asymptomatic.




  • Eye Floaters

    Eye Floaters are deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye’s vitreous humour, which is normally transparent. At a young age, the vitreous is transparent, but as one ages, imperfections gradually develop. The common type of floater, which is present in most people’s eyes, is due to degenerative changes of the vitreous humour. The perception of floaters is known as myodesopsia, or less commonly as myodaeopsiamyiodeopsiamyiodesopsia. They are also called Muscae volitantes(Latin: “flying flies”), or mouches volantes (from the French). Floaters are visible because of the shadows they cast on the retina or refraction of the light that passes through them, and can appear alone or together with several others in one’s visual field. They may appear as spots, threads, or fragments of cobwebs, which float slowly before the observer’s eyes.[2] Since these objects exist within the eye itself, they are not optical illusions but are entoptic phenomena.

  • Eye Surgery

    Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa, typically by an ophthalmologist.The eye is a fragile organ, and requires extreme care before, during, and after a surgical procedure. An expert eye surgeon is responsible for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure for the patient, and for taking the necessary safety precautions.

  • Human Eye

    Human Eye

    The human eye is similar to that of your camera, it gathers light, focuses the light through a lens to create an image of the environment on to the back of the camera and eye. In a camera, image is inversely created on film, whereas for the eye, the image is created on the retina at the back of the eye. The lens of a camera is used to focus the image onto the film, but the eye lens bends, or refracts, light that enters the eye.

    The cornea, which is a clear, transparent covering the front portion of the eye also contributes to focusing light on the retina. Nerve fibers extending back from the retina’s nerve cells come together behind the retina to form the optic nerve, a “cable” of nerve fibers connecting the eye with the brain.


    The Human Eye which is not sphere in shape as what we think, is joined by two pieces called the cornea and the sclera. The cornea and sclera are connected by a ring called the limbus. The eye is made up of three enclosing transparent structures. The outermost layer is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer consists of the choroid,ciliary body, and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its circulation from the vessels of the choroid as well as the retinal vessels.

    human eye

    The iris – the colour of the eye – and its black centre, the pupil, are seen instead of the cornea due to the cornea’s transparency. To see inside the eye, an ophthalmoscope is needed, since light is not reflected out. The fundus (area opposite the pupil) shows the characteristic pale optic disk (papilla), where vessels entering the eye pass across and optic nerve fibers depart the globe.

    The Human Eye makes vision similar to that of your camera. Light enters from the cornea to the iris to the retina and with rod cells and cone cells in the retina, it allows conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth.


    1. posterior compartment
    2. ora serrata
    3. ciliary muscle
    4. ciliary zonules
    5. canal of Schlemm
    6. pupil
    7. anterior chamber
    8. cornea
    9. iris
    10. lens cortex
    11. lens nucleus
    12. ciliary process
    13. conjunctiva
    14. inferior oblique muscule
    15. inferior rectus muscule
    16. medial rectus muscle
    17. retinal arteries and veins
    18. optic disc
    19. dura mater
    20. central retinal artery
    21. central retinal vein
    22. optical nerve
    23. vorticose vein
    24. bulbar sheath
    25. macula
    26. fovea
    27. sclera
    28. choroid
    29. superior rectus muscule
    30. retina
  • Implantable Contact Lens

    Implantable collamer lens also known as Implantable Contact Lens or ICL, is a soft, flexible gel-lens used in refractive surgeries for the permanent correction of myopia (nearsightedness), made of a collagen copolymer material, named by combining “collagen” and “polymer”. The ICL procedure is a popular alternative to LASIK and PRK since it requires no removal of the corneal tissue and reportedly produces better visual results

    You can find more about implantable collamer lens or implantable contact lens at wikipedia at :

  • Intraocular Lens

    An intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye used to treat cataracts or myopia. The most common type of IOL for cataract treatment are known as pseudophakic IOLs which work by replacing the crystalline lens which has been clouded over by cataracts. The second type of IOL, more commonly known as a phakic intraocular lens (PIOL), is a lens which is placed over the existing natural lens used in refractive surgery to change the eye’s optical power as a treatment for myopia or nearsightedness. IOLs usually consists of a small plastic lens with plastic side struts, called haptics, to hold the lens in place within the capsular bag inside the eye. IOLs were traditionally made of an inflexible material (PMMA), although this has largely been superseded by the use of flexible materials. Most IOLs fitted today are fixed monofocal lenses matched to distance vision. However, other types are available, such as multifocal IOLs which provide the patient with multiple-focused vision at far and reading distance, and adaptive IOLs which provide the patient with limited visual accommodation.

    This description on Intracaular Lens can be found on Wikipedia at :

  • Keratoconus


    Keratoconus can cause substantial distortion of vision, with multiple images, streaking and sensitivity to light all often reported by the patient. It is typically diagnosed in the patient’s adolescent years. If afflicting both eyes, the deterioration in vision can affect the patient’s ability to drive a car or read normal print.

  • Lasik Surgery

    Lasik Surgery commonly referred to as laser eye surgery, is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. The LASIK surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist who uses a laser ormicrokeratome to reshape the eye’s cornea in order to improve visual acuity. For most patients, LASIK provides a permanent alternative to eyeglasses or contact lenses. Major side effects include halos, starbursts, night-driving problems and eye dryness.

    LASIK is most similar to another surgical corrective procedure, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and both represent advances overradial keratotomy in the surgical treatment of refractive errors of vision. For patients with moderate to high myopia or thin corneas which cannot be treated with LASIK and PRK, the phakic intraocular lens is an alternative.

    (ref wikipedia)

  • Lens


    This summary and description of the human lens is brought to you by wikipedia at:

  • Myopia


    How to solve Myopia? Refractive Surgery can help you.

  • Ophthalmology



  • Refractive Surgery

    Refractive eye surgery is any eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency onglasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea or cataract surgery. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Successful refractive eye surgery can reduce or cure common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, as well as degenerative disorders like keratoconus.

  • Retina





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