Document Detail

Intrauterine growth restriction-etiology and consequences: what do we know about the human situation and experimental animal models?
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  15982850     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Embryonic and fetal growth depend on genetic and environmental factors, and the process is the result of the interaction between these factors. About 7-9% of live-born infants have a birth weight below normal (below the 10th percentile). The rate and extent of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) varies by ethnicity and socio-economic status. Some of the suspected causes of IUGR are as follows. (1) Maternal factors such as inadequate or severe malnutrition, chronic maternal diseases, birth order, multiple births, and parental genetic factors. (2) Placental pathology, mainly placental vascular damage that may lead to placental insufficiency. This is often found in maternal diseases such as pre-eclampsia, and Thrombophilia. (3) Intrauterine infections and specific fetal syndromes, including chromosomal aberrations. (4) Non-classified causes such as adolescent's pregnancy, maternal smoking and alcohol drinking, living at high altitudes. Several existing animal models for IUGR, including uterine artery ligation or gene knock out models, although insightful of potential mechanism(s) underlying intrauterine growth restriction, are limited in that they do not reflect human causality. As the ultimate goal is prevention, we seem still to be distant from achieving this goal.
Zivanit Ergaz; Meytal Avgil; Asher Ornoy
Publication Detail:
Journal Detail:
Title:  Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)     Volume:  20     ISSN:  0890-6238     ISO Abbreviation:  Reprod. Toxicol.     Publication Date:    2005 Sep-Oct
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2005-07-11     Completed Date:  2005-09-27     Revised Date:  2006-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8803591     Medline TA:  Reprod Toxicol     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  301-22     Citation Subset:  IM    
Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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MeSH Terms
Disease Models, Animal*
Embryonic Development* / physiology
Fetal Development* / physiology
Fetal Growth Retardation / complications*,  epidemiology,  etiology*
Risk Factors
United States / epidemiology


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