School bus traffic stop laws

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Many jurisdictions require all surrounding vehicles to stop when a school bus is stopped with its red lights flashing.


School bus stop laws in the United States and Canada[edit]

Jurisdictions in the United States (including overseas territories) and Canada have adopted various school bus stop laws that require drivers to stop and wait for a stopped school bus loading or unloading, so as to protect school children boarding or alighting.

Generally, if a stopped school bus is displaying a flashing, alternating red lamp, a driver of a vehicle meeting or overtaking the stopped bus from either direction (front or back) must stop and wait until the bus moves again or the red light is off.[1] Police officers, school crossing guards, and even school bus drivers themselves may have the power to wave traffic on, even when a red light is flashing.

On divided highways, most American and Canadian jurisdictions do not require vehicular drivers to stop when on the opposite side of the road from a stopped school bus. Those that do require vehicles to stop are:

American and Canadian jurisdictions have sought to deter illegal passing stopped school buses by increased enforcement and heavy penalties, including fines, application of demerit points against a driver's license or even license suspension. Nevertheless, violations are common. An officer must witness the violation, and even when citations issued, getting convictions is often difficult;[5] sometimes traffic courts consider the evidence insufficient, or reduce the charge because the penalty for a first offense seems excessive. There are, however, exceptions. Missouri has Jessica's Law, which grants the right of a school bus driver to report the offense, in which case the driver is automatically cited. Cobb County, an urban county in Metro Atlanta, has added bus cameras, as a deterrent, which can detect and automatically report vehicles passing a bus. [6] [7]


Drivers in Washington state are not required to stop for a school bus on any highway (Under Washington law, any public road is defined as a highway) with three or more lanes when traveling in the opposite direction.[8] This has been interpreted to mean that when approaching a bus from the opposite direction on a normal road with a turn lane, or a road with two lanes in each direction, etc., a driver is not required to stop their vehicle. This is an unusual law, but arguably leads to a higher safety level for children, as they are then required to be dropped on the same side of the road as the bus exit on anything greater than a two-lane road as provided by RCW 46.61.370.[9] Ohio has a similar exception for roads with four or more lanes.[10]

Drivers in Idaho state are not required to stop for a school bus on any highway with four or more lanes when traveling in the opposite direction.[11]

Drivers in California do not have to stop on any highway that is divided or is multi-lane (2 or more lanes of travel in each direction) when traveling in the opposite direction.[12]


The effectiveness of current school bus stop laws has been questioned.[citation needed] School bus stop laws in some other countries allow a driver to pass a stopped school bus at low speed.

In New York State, an official estimate is that 50,000 vehicles pass stopped school buses illegally every day.[13] However, as New York State requires traffic to stop for a school bus stopped on the opposing roadway of a divided highway, the estimate may include "New York violations" that would be legal in other states. The New York State Department of Transportation once recommended that the State Legislature exempt traffic from stopping for a school bus stopped on the opposing roadway of a divided highway, but this has not been done.

In California, a vehicle driver approaching an intersection at which a school bus is stopped shall stop his vehicle at that intersection until the flashing red signal lights are no longer actuated.[14] Supporters of this law may argue that children may dart out into an intersection, so traffic from the left and right must stop. Opponents may blame this law for being too vague (with regard to what exactly at an intersection means), non-standard and visitor-unfriendly (as compared with laws in most other places) and question how vehicular drivers can know and see if a school bus on a side road is loading or unloading, especially if buildings obstruct their vision.

Effects of laws[edit]

On a national basis, school bus drivers in the United States have reported a decrease in passing violators in recent years with improved warning devices. Despite an increase in traffic and school bus ridership, annual fatalities and injuries to children struck by other vehicles has decreased as well. However, it is unclear whether having reported a decrease in passing violators is due to difficulty to report or better compliance by motorists.

When and where enforcement against violators becomes too hard, some residential streets may prohibit entry of vehicles other than school buses at certain times to effectively eliminate passing stopped school buses illegally[citation needed].

School bus stop laws in other countries[edit]

Traffic laws in these countries mention school buses, but none of them require traffic to halt in the same way as in North America.

Speed limit[edit]

The speed limit is 40 km/h in Australia and 20 km/h in New Zealand when passing a stopped school bus. In New Zealand, the Land Transport Safety Authority decided that the speed limit passing a stopped school bus should not be raised based on probabilities of pedestrian deaths if hit at different speeds, nor has it supported requiring fully stopping and waiting for school buses loading and unloading children as in the United States and Canada.

Slow (unspecified) speed[edit]

In Belgium and Germany, traffic is required to pass stopped school buses at very slow speeds that allow for quick stopping.


Japan, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom ask drivers to pass stopped school buses carefully.


  1. ^ TIP #10: SCHOOL BUS STOPS[dead link]
  2. ^ "Arkansas Driver License Test Study Guide - Volume 1" (pdf) (4 ed.). Arkansas State Police. August 2007. p. 22. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Drivers are not required to stop if the school bus is approaching along an opposite lane of travel separated by a median twenty feet or more in width" 
  3. ^, NYS Driver's Manual Chapter 6 - School Buses
  4. ^ "Learn to Drive Smart - your guide to driving safely" (pdf). Insurance Corporation of British Columbia. 2012. p. 92. Retrieved 30 May 2013. "when you see a school bus with alternating flashing red lights at the top, you must stop whether you are approaching it from the front or the rear. Vehicles in all lanes must stop." 
  5. ^ "Best Practices Guide: Reducing the Illegal Passing of School Buses". Retrieved 2010-01-15. 
  6. ^ "Missouri Revised Statues, Section 304-050". Retrieved 13 October 2011. 
  7. ^ "Video: Watch Out for School Bus Cameras". 
  8. ^ "RCW 46.61.370: Overtaking or meeting school bus — Duties of bus driver". Retrieved 2010-01-15. 
  9. ^ "RCW 46.61.370". Retrieved 2010-01-15. 
  10. ^ "ORC 4511.75(C)". 
  11. ^
  12. ^
  13. ^ "Operation Safe Stop". 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2010-01-15. 
  14. ^ Schoolbus Signal and Schoolbus Stops Vehicle Code, Division 11, Chapter 6, Section 22112. California Department of Motor Vehicles. Retrieved 2010-04-20

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