How to deploy with WSGI


Django’s startproject management command sets up a simple default WSGI configuration for you, which you can tweak as needed for your project, and direct any WSGI-compliant application server to use.

Django includes getting-started documentation for the following WSGI servers:

The application object

The key concept of deploying with WSGI is the application callable which the application server uses to communicate with your code. It’s commonly provided as an object named application in a Python module accessible to the server.

The startproject command creates a file <project_name>/ that contains such an application callable.

It’s used both by Django’s development server and in production WSGI deployments.

WSGI servers obtain the path to the application callable from their configuration. Django’s built-in server, namely the runserver command, read it from the WSGI_APPLICATION setting. By default, it’s set to <project_name>.wsgi.application, which points to the application callable in <project_name>/

Configuring the settings module

When the WSGI server loads your application, Django needs to import the settings module — that’s where your entire application is defined.

Django uses the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable to locate the appropriate settings module. It must contain the dotted path to the settings module. You can use a different value for development and production; it all depends on how you organize your settings.

If this variable isn’t set, the default sets it to mysite.settings, where mysite is the name of your project. That’s how runserver discovers the default settings file by default.


Since environment variables are process-wide, this doesn’t work when you run multiple Django sites in the same process. This happens with mod_wsgi.

To avoid this problem, use mod_wsgi’s daemon mode with each site in its own daemon process, or override the value from the environment by enforcing os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "mysite.settings" in your

Applying WSGI middleware

To apply WSGI middleware you can simply wrap the application object. For instance you could add these lines at the bottom of

from helloworld.wsgi import HelloWorldApplication
application = HelloWorldApplication(application)



Some third-party WSGI middleware do not call close on the response object after handling a request. In those cases the request_finished signal isn’t sent. This can result in idle connections to database and memcache servers.

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