Creating color schemes with Gpick

Creating color schemes with Gpick

This article is an introduction to creating harmonic color schemes with Gpick, an advanced free color picker.

While working on a project I had to prototype a color palette. I've done my bit of color harmony research before, but when it comes to practical application of theory, what is it exactly that we've got among free graphics apps? Well, we've got Gpick.

Gpick's main window

Gpick looks a bit simplistic, but don't let the first impression fool you: there's a lot more that just a fancy color wheel. To get you started here is a short demo of most relevant features.

Color picker

Even though it looks like Gpick's developer decided to implement half of Photoshop in a “while at that” fashion, everything still starts with the color picker which works very nicely, in a desktop-wide fashion, so you can pick colors from wherever your fancies take you :)

The picker is activated by clicking a button with an eye-drop icon in the lower right corner of the main window. When you move mouse (or stylus) cursor around, it will be closely followed by magnified representation of the area surrounding the current location of the mouse pointer:

Floating window with zoomed-in view

Gpick can optionally take pixels surrounding the color picker's cursor into consideration. There are two controls for that: the “Oversample” slider and the “Falloff” list.

“Oversample” is how many pixels around the mouse pointer are used to calculate the average color value, and “Falloff” controls how much these pixels influence the result depending on the distance from the center.

For example, if you want the selected amount of pixels around mouse pointer to affect the result equally, choose “None”. If you want the surrounding pixels maintaining their contribution to average value and then drop off at the farther end, choose “Cubic”.

Settings for the picker

When you pick a color, it gets automatically added to the list of colors and is given a name. The names are taken from two files, the first one being color palette by Resene Paints Ltd., the second one being X11 color palette (to the best of my knowledge).

List of selected colors

Wheels of harmony

While RGB color wheel is the traditional color wheel used by graphic designers, Gpick additionally features two versions of RYB color wheel. Here is a comparison:

Color wheels in Gpick

Well, RYB, as we very well know, today has rather historical than practical use, but it is still taught in art schools and as such is nice to keep around. The difference between the two versions of RYB is purely technical: the second implementation is a latter and more precise one; you can easily spot how much better blue hues are represented.

Color controls

By default the little circle inside color wheel is locked, so that you don't change lightness and/or saturation inadvertently (which leaves you S and L sliders to the right from the color wheel). You can fix that by right-clicking and disabling the "Lock" checkbox in the contextual menu.

At this point it's worth mentioning that the user interface heavily relies on contextual (right-click) menus and drag'n'drop. Any color you see can be dragged and dropped anywhere in the application. Every color widget has a right-click menu where you can copy the value to clipboard in various notations: hex, RGB. HSL.

The "Type" list allows switching between 10 types of harmony building methods: complementary, analogous, triadic, split-complementary, tetradic, square, neutral, clash, five-tone and six-tone color. If you are new to this, for a really good reference I highly recommend an article by Iaroslav Lazunov called “Open the Door into the Science of Color Theory”. For more complicated explanation do have a go at “Color Wheels are wrong? How color vision actually works” by Jason Cohen.

Right now let's just remember that there are two most used approaches to building harmonic schemes: relative positioning of hues on a color wheel according to one rule or another, and variation of one hue within a given lightness range.

When you rotate the hues, the color widgets above the selector get automatically updated:

Color scheme widgets

If you like the generated scheme, you can drag all color to the colors list in the right side of the window, or just you contextual menu:

Adding all color to palette

Generating variations

As soon as a color ends up in the favourites list, you get access to two functions for generating color variations. Both can be selected from right-click menu above a color.

The first one is called “Variations”, and you can use it for creating, well, variations of lightness and saturation within one hue:

Variations dialog

It's a very handy tool, because this way you can easily create achromatic (shades of gray) and monochrome (varying lightness) palettes in addition to palettes based around hues of same lightness and saturation.

Here you can define min and max lightness and saturation to create intermediate steps, as well as amount of steps. You can freely combine lightness and saturation variations in one go. When you click OK, all steps you created will be appended to the existing list of colors.

Contrary to “Variations”, the “Generate colors” dialog creates variations of hues, leaving saturation and lightness intact:

Generate colors dialog

You can also define here amount of generated colors, but bear in mind that for types of color schemes with opposite (not adjacent) colors this will easily create repeating sequences of colors.

The last tool here, Mix Colors, allows creating intermediate shades for all selected colors in the palette. You can use as many base colors as you like, but the minimum amount of intermediate steps is three.

Mix colors dialog

Testing and exporting

When you are done with your palette, there are several ways to go further.

First of all, you can test your palette live in Inkscape and GIMP: both of them understand and apply dropped colors. But whereas GIMP will fill either current selection or, in absence of selection, whole current layer with this color, Inkscape as a vector graphics editor is more flexible: it will refill only the object you dropped the color on.

Likewise Gpick accepts colors dragged from either Inkscape and GIMP and will use beginning color of a dropped gradient as well. We cooked up a video demonstration of that cool feature.

The second way to try the palette on is the built-in Layout Preview:

Layout Preview

There are several layout presets, including a simplistic web page layout with menu which you can spot in the video. For each layout you can assign CSS selectors and save a CSS file that you can later use in production.

Finally, you can export your palette as GIMP palettes (.gpl), Adobe Swatch Exchange file (.ase) or Alias/WaveFront Material file (.mtl). For storing palettes a native binary file is used.

More color tools

So maybe you think — this is it? Color wheels and variations and CSS exporting? Not really. The main window has a bottom menu that is a bit like Blender's internal window system: you can open other tools in same window.

Being able to open scheme generation window or layout preview window under either of the other two ones is probably not so compelling. But there are three more color tools for you to explore.

The first one is called "Darkness-Brightness":

Darkness-Brightness color tool

You have a base color, from which 8 shades are calculated based on position of small circle in the diagram to the left. Height of the circle controls contrast (gap between lightness values) of darker shades, and horizontal coordinate controls contrast of lighter shades. That way you can create e.g. very contrast lighter shades and barely distinguishable darker shades.

The second one is called "Variations":

Variations color tool

Just like the previous color tool, Variations creates four lighter and four darker shades of same hue in L channel of LAB color space. However in this case gaps between values of shade variations are controlled uniformly. THis is what the Strength slider is for.

And if LAB's L channel doesn't suffice, once again contextual menu for a base color comes to aid: you can switch to H, S or L channel from HSL color mode:

HSL based variations

Finally we arrive to "Color mixer":

Color mixer tool

The color mixer does a very simple thing: it takes three colors you can freely define and mixes each of them with a fourth color. The output goes to the right from the fourth color.

But even this simple feature has some advanced functionality. The word "Difference" that you see on the screenshot above is a name of a blending mode. Yes, you can actually switch between 7 blending modes via right-click menu and adjust opacity.

Other features

Yes, Gpick has even more features. Let me just name them:

  • Generator of palettes from bitmap images (Tool > Palette From Image...);
  • Configurable converters between color syntaxes (Edit > Edit Converters...);
  • Importing and exporting of GIMP palettes (.gpl) and Adobe Swatch Exchange files (.ase).

With current version 0.2.3 someone's bound to ask what is planned for the future. Well, I thought I could be that someone, so I went ahead and asked Albertas about his plans.

What he replied is that currently Gpick is not actively developed, but indeed there are some things planned, including CSS parser and color management support, and maybe even color deficiencies simulation.

Getting Gpick

If you are on Linux, you can download Gpick builds for Ubuntu or search for it among packages built for a distribution of your choice. As a last resort, you can build it from source code by running '$ scons" and '$ scons install', the latter — with admin privilegies.

Windows user have also been taken care of, even though you need an existing GTK+ installation which usually comes with applications like GIMP and Pidgin. And besides the WIndows build hasn't been updated since April 2010.

For Mac users things are more complicated, because Gpick is currently absent in both MacPorts, Fink and Homebrew. So you will probably have to install SCons along with GTK+ development files and still run it to build Gpick. On the other hand, Mac OS X is supposed to be packed with applications like that, so chances are that Mac users are extensively taken care of already.

Other apps

Gpick couldn't possibly be the only open source application of that kind. Here is a quick overview.


Another color scheme application, Agave, is a comparatively simplistic color scheme generator for Linux ans UNIX systems. It has a basic sets of harmony schemes: Monochromatic, Analogous, Triads, Tetrads, Complements, Split-Complements.

Agave, simple color scheme generator

There are three ways to get a color into Agave: selecting it from a predefined palette (using palette files stored in /usr/share/agave/palettes/ folder), picking a color with an eye-dropper (the color button to the left from the list of schemes) or dragging a color from swatches dialog in either Inkscape or GIMP.

Additionally you can lower and raise brightness and/or saturation of the base color via toolbar buttons, menu items or hotkeys. Only GIMP palette files can be exported.

The application hasn't been updated since 2009, but works fine on modern systems even so. A while ago Fedora project published an extensive tutorial on Agave. Check it out, if you want more details.

What else? Some free design apps have built-in color harmony tools. Sadly, there are not many of them.


This free desktop publishing application was first to implement a color harmony tool. What it has is an implementation of a color wheel with harmony presets: Monochromatic, Analogous, Complementary, Split Complementary, Triadic and Tetradic.

Color cheming in Scribus

What makes Scribus special is that it lets you switching between normal vision and various types of color defects for preview. That switch also works for the main document window (it's in the bottom right corner).


MyPaint is an excellent painting application for Linux, Windows and Mac that has an extensive support for graphic tablets such as Wacom Bamboo, Intuos and Cintiq.

Harmonies in MyPaint's selector

Clicking on checkboxes brings up marks on the color wheel. Every kind of mark, i.e. square, rectangles, triangles pointing up or down, corresponds to a particular type of harmony.

GIMP? Inkscape?

Sadly, neither GIMP nor Inkscape have tools for exploring color harmony. The only related feature of GIMP is creating new palettes from gradients and images — a feature available from Paletes menu. For web design needs GIMP also has a CSS exporter of a color palette that you can access from same menu ("Export as > CSS stylesheet").

CSS stylesheet exporting in GIMP

Will any of the two major free graphics design applications get built-in color exploration tools? We'll just have to wait and see.

Written by: Alexandre Prokoudine
Guest illustration by: Konstantin Rotkevich
License: CC BY SA 3.0 Unported

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Leave a comment
  1. Great tip. Thank you!

  2. You are welcome :)

  3. savageorange 06 May 2011 at 8:11 am

    Hi Alexandre, this is a very good overview of color scheme tools in general and GPick in specific. However, I am puzzled as to why you didn’t include any mention of the ‘mix colors’ tool
    (this is not the same as the ‘color mixer’ tool, which you DO demonstrate).
    I’ll explain it here:

    This tool generates blends between colors; it is accessible via right-click->mix colors, once you have selected 2 or more colors
    (otherwise it is greyed out).

    You can select the colorspace to do the blending in (RGB, HSV, HSV shortest.. and, in the recent development versions, LAB [implemented by me, and IMO produces the most consistently good looking result]),

    and the number of steps (including the original ‘end’ colors, so 3 is the minimum, which generates one (3-2) inbetween color, 9 generates seven (9-2) inbetween colors).
    A preview is provided just like with Variations and Generate dialogs.

    Mix Colors produces all possible blends between the selected colors.
    When you have two colors selected, A and B, there is only one possible blend, A->B.
    When you have three colors selected, A B C, there are three possible blends, A->B, A->C, and B->C.
    [in the example below, there are ten possible blends.]

    If you are making complex color transitions, say you want to blend from black (A) to dark purple (B) to orange (C) to bright yellow (D) to yellowish-white (E), and you have these colors already arranged in that order, you could just select them all and hit Mix Colors.
    This will generate all the possible blends, then you just delete the ones you don’t want (in this case, the only blends you want are A->B, B->C, C->D, D->E.. but you want to leave out the ‘end’ colors on the inside of the blend because otherwise you would get two copies of B,C,and D). Maybe that sounds complex. It’s easy when you’re looking at it.

  4. @savageorange Wow, I actually never discovered that! For some reason my mind blocked the greyed out option :) That’s a very useful description, thanks a lot! I’ll see how I can best integrate that into text (probably a whee bit late for video).

  5. @savageorange Added short description of Mix Colors and updated some screenshots. Thanks again :)

  6. savageorange 22 May 2011 at 3:14 am

    Great:) BTW, the minimum number of *intermediate* steps is 1. That’s because the dialog includes the start and end colors in the number of steps (and in the output colors.), so 3-2 = 1.
    In your example you have (4-2=2) intermediate steps.

  7. Wow. That’s sound really informative and I like this impressive work. I learn several things from you and this is really interesting learning how you manage color schemes with Gpick. Thanks!

  8. That’s nice. Now I use colorschemedesigner, but I will look on this tool.

  9. Здравствуйте. У меня появляется такая ошибка при установке: “Службе Windows Installer не удаётся установить пакет установки. Необходимо установить пакет обновления Windows, который содержит более новую версию службы Windows Installer”.
    Подскажите, что можно сделать, пожалуйста.

    Google Translate:
    Hello. I get this error during installation: “The Windows Installer can not install a custom. Need to install the service pack Windows, which contains a newer version of the service Windows Installer”.
    Tell me what you can do, please. File format .msi

  10. I forgot the main thing: I have long been installed all the updates for the OS.

  11. Alexandre Prokoudine 02 March 2013 at 7:56 pm

    Julia, are you referring to Gpick 0.2.4 or newly released 0.2.5?

    In either case, it would be better to report this to Gpick’s bug tracker.

  12. I mean Gpick 0.2.5. I thought someone here might have had this problem and can help me.
    Thank you.

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