Facts About Cyanide

What is cyanide?

  • Cyanide is a rapid acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist in various forms.
  • Cyanide is also known by the military designations AC (for hydrogen cyanide) and CK (for cyanogen chloride).

Where is cyanide found and how is it used?

  • Cyanide is naturally present in some foods and in certain plants such as cassava. Cyanide is contained in cigarette smoke and the combustion products of synthetic materials such as plastics. Combustion products are substances given off when things burn.

How can people can exposed to cyanide?


How does cyanide work?

  • Poisoning caused by cyanide depends on the amount of cyanide a person is exposed to, the route of exposure, and the length of time that a person is exposed.
  • Cyanide gas is most dangerous in enclosed places where the gas will be trapped.
  • Cyanide gas evaporates and disperses quickly in open spaces, making it less harmful outdoors.
  • Cyanide gas is less dense than air, so it will rise.
  • Cyanide is more harmful to the heart and brain than other organs because the heart and brain use a lot of oxygen.

What are the signs and symptoms of cyanide exposure?

    • Rapid breathing
    • Restlessness
    • Dizziness
    • Weakness
    • Headache
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Rapid heart rate
    • Convulsions
    • Low blood pressure
    • Slow heart rate
    • Loss of consciousness
    • Lung injury
    • Respiratory failure leading to death

What are the potential long-term health effects of cyanide?

  • Survivors of serious cyanide poisoning may develop delayed neurological effects.

How can people can protect themselves and what should they do if they are exposed to cyanide?

  • If cyanide is known to be ingested (swallowed), do not induce vomiting or give fluids to drink. Seek medical attention right away.
  • Stay calm. Dial 911 and explain what has happened.
  • Wait for emergency personnel to arrive.

How is cyanide poisoning treated?

Cyanide poisoning is treated with antidotes and supportive medical care. The most important thing is for victims to seek medical treatment as soon as possible.