Forward declaration

Forward Declaration

Forward declaration

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<source lang="c">void print(int);</source>

In C++, the line above represents forward declaration of a function and is the function's prototype. After processing this declaration, the compiler would allow the programmer to refer to the entity <code>print</code> in the rest of the program; but at some point the programmer would still have to provide a definition for the declared entity:

<source lang="c">void print(int x) </source>

In Pascal and other Wirth programming languages, it is a general rule that all entities must be declared before use. In C, the same general rule applies, but with an exception for undeclared functions and incomplete types. Thus, in C it is possible (although unwise) to implement a pair of mutually recursive functions thus:

<source lang="c">int first(int x)

int second(int x) </source>

In Pascal, the same implementation requires a forward declaration of <code>second</code> to precede its use in <code>first</code>. Without the forward declaration, the compiler will produce an error message indicating that the identifier <code>second</code> has been used without being declared.

Forward reference

The term forward reference is sometimes used...
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