Definitions for g protein

This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word g protein


  1. G protein(Noun)

    Any of a class of proteins, found in cell membranes, that pass signals between hormone receptors and effector enzymes

  2. Origin: *guanine nucleotide binding protein


  1. G protein

    G proteins, also known as guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins involved in transmitting signals from a variety of different stimuli outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate to guanosine diphosphate. When they bind GTP, they are 'on', and, when they bind GDP, they are 'off'. G proteins belong to the larger group of enzymes called GTPases. There are two classes of G proteins. The first function as monomeric small GTPases while the second form and function as heterotrimeric G protein complexes. The latter class of complexes are made up of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. In addition, the beta and gamma subunits can form a stable dimeric complex referred to as the beta-gamma complex. G proteins located within the cell are activated by G protein-coupled receptors that span the cell membrane. Signaling molecules bind to a domain of the GPCR located outside the cell. An intracellular GPCR domain in turn activates a G protein. The G protein activates a cascade of further signaling events that finally results in a change in cell function. G protein-coupled receptor and G proteins working together transmit signals from many hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling factors. G proteins regulate metabolic enzymes, ion channels, transporter, and other parts of the cell machinery, controlling transcription, motility, contractility, and secretion, which in turn regulate diverse systemic functions such as embryonic development, learning and memory, and homeostasis.


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