SDO helps measure magnetic fields on the sun's surface

January 20th, 2012 By Karen C. Fox in Astronomy & Space / Space Exploration

(PhysOrg.com) -- Science nuggets are a collection of early science results, new research techniques, and instrument updates that further our attempt to understand the sun and the dynamic space weather system that surrounds Earth.

A subset of data that helps map out the sun's magnetic fields was recently released from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (). Observations that measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields on the -- known as vector magnetograms -- play a crucial role in understanding how those fields change over time and trigger giant eruptions off the surface of the sun such as and coronal (CMEs).

Collecting the information needed to make vector magnetograms is one of several tasks performed by SDO's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), an instrument led by a team at Stanford University. HMI has been collecting data since May of 2010, providing scientific data on the strength of the sun's magnetic field and the sound waves moving around inside the Sun.

HMI relies on interpreting the way light is affected as it travels through the fields in order to measure them from afar. For example, a phenomenon known as the Zeeman effect splits light into different wavelengths based on the magnetic field strength and, in addition, light may be polarized based on the magnetic field direction. HMI uses these observations to produce vector magnetograms. Producing vector magnetograms at HMI’s high resolution, however, required developing new computer processing techniques to successfully interpret subtle details about the magnetic field.

In early December, the HMI team released their vector magnetograms for one area of the sun, named Active Region 11158, collected during February 12-16, 2011. As a larger group of researchers examines the new data, the team can refine their computer processing algorithms if necessary and then release all the vector magnetic field data that HMI has collected.

More information: For more information about the Solar Dynamics Observatory, visit: www.nasa.gov/sdo

Provided by JPL/NASA

"SDO helps measure magnetic fields on the sun's surface." January 20th, 2012. http://phys.org/news/2012-01-sdo-magnetic-fields-sun-surface.html