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Review of the Indus Valley and Classical India

Subcontinent a large landmass that is separated from the rest of the continent. Usually separated by a desert, mountains,
Monsoon Wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons.
Mohenjo-Daro City part of the Harappan civilization located on the Indus River.
Harappa City part of the Harappan civilization located on the Indus River.
Aryans invaders from Central Asia who took over India
Sanskrit The most important language and writing system of ancient India brought by the Aryans
caste system The division of Indian society into groups based on occupation.
Hinduism it teaches that everything is a part of a universal spirit called Brahman.
reincarnation Belief that souls are born and reborn many times, each time into a new body.
karma The effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul. It affects how a soul will be reincarnated.
Brahman Universal spirit which Hindus believe created the universe and everything in it.
Vedas Sacred text for Hinduism which contains hymns and poems. It was written in Sanskrit.
the Buddha Founder of Buddhism, he was originally an Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama.
Buddhism a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha that developed in India in the 500’s BC.
nirvana goal in Buddhism, a state of perfect peace.
In the Caste system, Brahmins were priests
In the Caste system, Khsatryias were warriors
In the Caste system, Vaisyas were farmers, craftspeople, and merchants
In the Caste system, Shudras were servants and laborers
Untouchables lowest of the low, not apart of the caste system. Slaves were also not apart of the caste system
Indus River river that the Indus valley developed around
Cotton Indus Valley people grew cotton and were probably the first to weave cotton cloth
Were cities well organized? Yes, streets laid out in a grid pattern and were paved with brick
Indus Valley had the first ______________ urban sanitation/drainage system
Raja skilled Ayran warriors
Brahmanism first Aryan religion
Rigveda An ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns.
Gupta Dynasty Important Indian dynasty that brought about a golden age in the development of the arts, sciences, and religion.
Brahma Hindu god. The creator.
Vishnu Hindu god. The preserver.
Shiva Hindu god. The destroyer.
Moksha Hinduism - State of perfect understanding of all things and release from life in this world.
What is sacred in Hinduism? Animals, especially cows.
What does Buddha mean? the Enlightened one.
Four Noble truths basis of the Buddhist faith. Describes the cause for suffering and provides a way to overcome suffering.
Eight-Fold Path Way to overcome suffering. Includes: right understanding, right speech, right livelihood, right concentration, right mindfulness, right effort, right action, right intention.
Chandragupta Maurya united India and formed the Maurya empire.
Asoka grandson of Chandragupta. Converted to Buddhism and promises not to go to war. Brought a period of non-violence and toleration.
What is the Indus Valley notable for working with? Copper and Bronze
Mahabharata and Ramayana are two sacred texts of Hinduism
The Gupta Empire is considered the "Golden Age" because of achievements in science, mathematics, and the arts.
The fall of the Mauryan Empire is closely related to the death of Emperor Asoka
What was an important achievement in the field of astronomy that occurred during the Gupta Empire in ancient India? Scholars discovered that earth rotates on its axis every day.
Indian mathematicians were able to make great advances in the 3rd and 2nd century BCE, in part because of their development of the use of "zero."
What was the Gupta Empire in ancient India known for? They were known for their religious tolerance, active trade, and great wealth.
Describe India's history during the Gupta Dynasty (320-500s CE) relative peace and intellectual achievements
Created by: MsLyonsMRMS