DermNet NZ


Gingival enlargement

What is gingival enlargement?

Gingival enlargement refers to excessive growth of the gums, and may also be known as gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy.

Gingival enlargement Gingival enlargement Cutaneous adverse reaction to anticonvulsant, gingival hyperplasia
Gingival enlargement

What are the possible causes?

In many cases the cause is unknown. The affected tissue may be inflamed (gingivitis), in which case the gums are red, soft, shiny and bleed easily. Gingivitis may be localised or generalised.

Specific causes of gingivitis include:

Non-inflamed gingival enlargement tends to be a darker red or purple. It may be soft, which bleeds easily, or firm and fibrous. It is also more likely to occur in those with poor dental hygiene. Causes include:

What are the symptoms?

Gingival enlargement may cause discomfort, interfere with speech or chewing, result in halitosis (bad odour to the breath) and it may look unsightly.

What is the treatment for gingival hyperplasia?

The treatment depends on the underlying cause. Gingivitis may improve with the following measures:

Drugs known to cause gingival enlargement should be discontinued. Gingivectomy (surgical removal of overgrown gum tissue) may be necessary for severe cases and may be repeated if necessary.

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