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Victoria Williams

Associate Professor of Political Science, Alvernia College, Reading, Pa.; Independent Consultant on international affairs.

Primary Contributions (8)
Elementary school students playing football (soccer) at a UNICEF “tent school” in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 2005.
the international transfer of capital, goods, or services from a country or international organization for the benefit of the recipient country or its population. Aid can be economic, military, or emergency humanitarian (e.g., aid given following natural disasters). Types and purposes Foreign aid can involve a transfer of financial resources or commodities (e.g., food or military equipment) or technical advice and training. The resources can take the form of grants or concessional credits (e.g., export credits). The most common type of foreign aid is official development assistance (ODA), which is assistance given to promote development and to combat poverty. The primary source of ODA—which for some countries represents only a small portion of their assistance—is bilateral grants from one country to another, though some of the aid is in the form of loans, and sometimes the aid is channeled through international organizations and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). For example, the...
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