The colonies of the late 1600s and the early 1700s

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The colonies of the late 1600s and the early 1700s

A small bedroom or two for servants, a common feature of larger homes of the second half of the nineteenth century, is found in relatively few plans for early-twentieth-century houses.

For example, in its mail-order home series, Sears offered only four house plans with servants' quarters, one fromtwo fromand, in"The Magnolia, the grandest house Sears ever offered" For example, the breakfast nook as part of the kitchen was related to less formal dining habits requiring fewer servants, along with the new importance of the kitchen and its appliances, as the housewife increasingly became the principal cook.

This desire for an indoor space which incorporated the outdoors was also responsible for the popularity of the sun room located usually on the side of the house, sun rooms and closely related loggias and side porches also helped to replace the large Victorian front porch.

As automobiles became the transportation of choice, the noise they generated caused the decline of the front porch as an outdoor living area.

Eventually, by mid-twentieth century, porches had moved completely around to the back of the house, where outdoor patios and carports became popular.

The colonies of the late 1600s and the early 1700s

Throughout much of the nineteenth century, chairs were placed around a center table as needed to take advantage of the comparatively dim light from a central gas or oil fixture. Task lighting was provided by oil lamps, which required constant maintenance, or rubber hoses carried gas from the central fixture to a not-too-distant gas portable lamp.

Once electricity was introduced at the end of the nineteenth century, older homes were retrofitted with surface-mounted wiring. Often, portable task lamps were powered via electric cords plugged into the sockets of a central hanging electrical fixture.

As electricity became more widely available, it was the preferred light source in new houses, and concealed wiring, baseboard outlets, and wall switches, all dictated the way furniture was arranged.

Lamps were placed on tables beside sofas or between chairs around the perimeter of the room instead of the furniture's being grouped around a central oil or gas fixture.

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With the advent of this new power source, the dark corners of the house of preceding generations were a thing of the past.

Forced-air heating systems were availability only to the very wealthy in the later years of the nineteenth century, with coal or wood-burning fireplaces or stoves still serving most homeowners' needs.

Because these heat sources could warm only limited areas and were activated only when a room was in use, doors and portiere curtains were necessary to help contain the heat.

The effort required to light, feed, and maintain a single-room heat source meant that, practically speaking, rooms had to be used by several people for different concurrent activities. When central heating was developed, radiators or, with a forced-air heating system, floor and wall registers, kept the entire house heated relatively uniformly.

But the exposed floor or wall components required by these types of systems meant that rugs and furniture had to be placed, as today, to prevent blocking the heat source.

And, even though the new central heating systems made fireplaces and mantels obsolete, these traditional architectural elements, long associated with the concept of "home," were retained in twentieth-century floor plans as the ceremonial focal point of major rooms.


Bythe term living room had completely replaced parlor in the national periodical of the furniture trade, the Grand Rapids Furniture Record. Sets of model rooms displayed in furniture stores no longer included parlors, either.

The typical Victorian house plan with its special-use rooms was actually nothing more than a series of decorated boxes enclosing space. The walls rarely contained ducts, pipes, or wiring. Smaller new houses were one outcome when people opted for expensive, recently-perfected systems of heating and plumbing, cutting into the amount of money they once used for simply enclosing space from the elements in a decorative fashion.

Further, some new house types, such as bungalows, had open plans where public rooms flowed together, making difficult the separation of public and private functions so characteristic of Victorian house plans and domestic routine.

By the s, as many as half of the thirty million households in the United States owned or had access to a car. Smaller families and a desire to separate the sexes made the single large children's room obsolete.

Instead, parents frequently placed the infants directly into the room he or she would inhabit throughout childhood, and which usually reflected the baby's age and gender. The concept that children outgrew wallpaper in the same way they outgrew their clothes seemed frivolous during the hard realities of the Great Depression.

However, the idea of a room materially coded to the age and sex of the child returned with increased momentum in the s and still remains so common at this, the end of the century that we fail to recognize the novelty of the idea and assume that assume that this is how things have always been.

The Delineator magazine, a home and fashion monthly, held a competition for a three-thousand-dollar house for a middle-class family in Frank Choteau Brown designed the first-prize winner.

Its ground floor had kitchen, dining room, and living room. The chamber floor had four sleeping rooms: The typical bedroom had a single entrance from a discrete corridor - not the multiple entrance points of the earlier first floor bedrooms described above - better guaranteeing privacy.

This plan clarified room location by function rather than by status of occupant, placing all household members' sleeping rooms together on the second floor --although the servants room was separated from the others by three steps.

The plan asserts that the privacy of sleeping is more important than the segregation of family members by rank, which had been characteristic of seventeenth or eighteenth century houses.

This movement seems linked to the family's desire to present itself as middle class or as rising on the social ladder by making a show of privacy. Bedrooms also shift from status determined locations, where a principal bedroom was linked to the most valued social zones in the house and servants were separated from other family members, to function determined placement, defining all chambers as sleeping rooms and creating a sleeping zone with owners and servants on one floor.

That is, by the early twentieth century, the category "sleeping zone" prevails over competing categories, such as "servants' zone" and "family zone. A one floor plan forces one to ask what functions could go next to a sleeping room and which ones had to stay apart.A Country by Consent is a national history of Canada which studies the major political events that have shaped the country, presented in a cohesive, chronological narrative.

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The colonies of the late 1600s and the early 1700s

CLEP is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this product. If there was one inarguable fact about the American colonies in the mid- to late 18th century, it was that they were growing like crazy.

In , the population of the 13 colonies was about , Boston was the biggest city, with a population of about 13,, while New York and Philadelphia were.

HISTORY OF WIGS (PERUKES) AS FASHION ATTIRE. n the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a period of elegance and artificiality in dress and appearance, pricy wigs made out of human hair became an indispensable part of the wardrobe of European and Colonial men and women belonging to the ruling and elite classes.


BY THE MIDs, across the American colonies, it was clear that the settlers had become increasingly less srmvision.comers described Americans as coarse-looking country folk. Most colonial folk wore their hair very long. Women and girls kept their hair covered with hats, hoods, and kerchiefs.

British Colonies 's & 's