Definition of Religious Institutions - Term Paper Example

Comments (0) Cite this document
This paper discusses the influence of Islam spread through the increasing spread of Islamic culture and affected areas such as astronomy, medicine, sociology, mathematics and ophthalmology among others. Traditions or falsafa encompassed philosophy and adab…
Download full paperFile format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER94.5% of users find it useful
Definition of Religious Institutions
Read TextPreview

Extract of sample "Definition of Religious Institutions"

Religious s s The medieval separation of Chalcedonian Christianity into two (the Greek orthodox and the Latin branch westward) led to bitter relations based on theological disputes and ecclesiastical differences between the two branches. Fundamental among the differences was the source of the Holy Spirit, use of leavened on unleavened bread in the Eucharist and whether the pope had worldwide jurisdiction (Cross, 2005). The church was split due to differences in doctrine, theological teachings, language, and along political and geographical lines. Each side often claims that the other is heretic or that it initiated the separation and the mass murder of Latins in 1182. Also, the crusades and other acts committed between the two sides only makes the conciliation more difficult.
Politically, the church was split when Emperor Constantine moved the Roman Empire’s capital to Constantinople from Rome. When he died, the Roman Empire was split and ruled by his two sons, one in the western half and the other in the eastern half, ruling from Rome and Constantinople respectively. The two churches differed on the use of icons strongly held to in the Orthodox Church. Upon the death of Carloman I, the younger of the two sons, his older brother became the undisputed king of both kingdoms. He enforced his fathers beliefs concerning the papacy and expanded his newly formed empire known as the Carolingian empire into Italy, which was Muslim at the time. He led campaigns against eastern peoples who were Christianised under penalty of death (Cross, 2005). These campaigns sometimes led to mass killings such as the massacre of Verden.
The expansion of Islam started during the Muslim crusades under various caliphs. It resulted in the loss of byzantine provinces in the south and Asia Minor. The byzantine capital Constantinople was also not spared from attacks and parts of the empire in Africa were conquered. The Ottoman Empires origin was like a small Turkish coalition led by a ghazi or soldier of the faith known as Osman. Being sultan, he was also synonymous with the caliphate. His role was to protect Muslim lands from byzantine incursions (Baldwin, 2007-2009). During the crusades, ottoman naval forces sometimes aided the fight of Muslim rebels against persecution in Spain in the 1500s. Unlike in Christian parts, in the Ottoman Empire, people from other religious groups were allowed to enforce their beliefs and even elect their leaders. In this way, social and religious stability reigned in the empire for almost the entire time that it was in history.
The fall of Constantinople finally came in 1453 giving way to the ottoman caliphate under Mehmed II whose grandson conquered and consolidated the Muslim lands. The caliphs, an instrument of statecraft lost their claim with the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The rejection of Ali occasioned the Sunni split as caliph in favor of Abu Bakr (Hodgson, 1974). The caliphs established dynasties that persisted through to the ottoman caliphate until Mustapha Kemal Ataturk abolished this system after Abdulmecid II was overthrown and expelled.
The influence of Islam spread through the increasing spread of Islamic culture and affected areas such as astronomy, medicine, sociology, mathematics and ophthalmology among others. Traditions or falsafa encompassed philosophy and adab defined as polite worldly culture came to be widely accepted by the professional, cultured and genteel classes. Some even made a living in medicine and astrology.
Baldwin, S. (2007-2009). Charlemagne. The Henry Project.
Cross, F. L. (2005). "Great Schism (1)". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280290-9.
Hodgson, M. (1974). The Venture of Islam. Conscience and History in a World Civilization, Vol 1., 238–239. Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
(“Write a substantial and comprehensive essay of approximately 5 - 1”, n.d.)
Write a substantial and comprehensive essay of approximately 5 - 1. Retrieved from
(Write a Substantial and Comprehensive Essay of Approximately 5 - 1)
Write a Substantial and Comprehensive Essay of Approximately 5 - 1.
“Write a Substantial and Comprehensive Essay of Approximately 5 - 1”, n.d.
  • Cited: 0 times
Comments (0)
Click to create a comment or rate a document

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Definition of Religious Institutions


...?Definition The term “frenemy” refers to a person who is considered to be both a friend and an enemy. The term itself is a result of combining the words ‘friend’ and ‘enemy’. An example of a frenemy is someone who plays both the roles of a friend and enemy in regard to an individual friendship. In essence, there is a love and hate relationship between the two people (Voo, 2007); one moment, they are getting along just as friends should, but the next moment the two friends find themselves against each other. A frenemy is often treated accordingly, with everyone being conscious of what that person is. Another type of frenemy is a person who is considered to be a friend but is constantly putting others in their group down....
3 Pages(750 words)Essay

Social Institutions

...interacting face to face create a consensus definition and meaning of things. A finger sign showing circled figure might be agreed by the group as a symbol of money. Thus this approach has a greater depth into human behavior and personality. Interestingly, this strength is also a source of its weakness. Individuals who want to analyze behavior of a group may have a difficulty where to start with their analysis as they do not know whose perspective to begin with. There is the inability of precise guidelines of focus (Ferrante, 1998). Looking at the society, I am most aligned with the functionalist perspective. This is because the society cannot survive if members of each social Institution cannot function...
2 Pages(500 words)Assignment

Social Institutions

...Social s Introduction This paper attempts to summarize the following two articles: “Some Problems in Defining Social Power” written by Dennis H. Wrong and “The Crisis in Social and Institutional Integration” penned down by Bruce A. McDaniel. Some Problems in Defining Social Power by Dennis H. Wrong – A Summary This article examines the concept of social power, from the perspective of several key social aspects. The author begins the article by focusing on the issue of power relations, in a social scenario. He states that during course of social interactions, people do gain control over the actions of one another. Dennis states that asymmetrical power relations are clearly evident when interactions amongst people having...
6 Pages(1500 words)Essay

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions

...? Private s vs. Public s Public s vs. Private s Sociology of education is the in-depth scrutiny of the manner in which public institutions and personal or individual life experiences influence education and the general outcomes. The main concern of sociology of education is thus a close study of public school setups in the modernized and industrialized society. Sociology of education deals with what may unswervingly or indirectly have an impact on education. Here, the matters that may concern education should be sociological in nature. Primarily, sociology of education helps in understanding the entire education system, finding the strengths and weaknesses. In order to do proper formulation of guidelines and planning of a...
11 Pages(2750 words)Research Paper

Definition of terrorism (international, state and religious)

...terrorism. This kind of terrorism involves the use of violence and force that a certain religion should be followed by people without their consent. Religious terrorists can come from large groups, from major established religions, or even from small cults. It is the most dangerous kind of terrorism (Schimid, 2013). State terrorism. This kind of terrorism is used by government towards its citizens, who may want to rebel or the rebels as an instrument of intimidation. It is one of the political tools utilized by a government, which establishes a specific agency or a legitimate state institution for gaining domestic or international benefits. The state uses it to make people obey the rules and regulations...
5 Pages(1250 words)Research Paper

Microfinance Institutions

...? Microfinance s College Microfinance s (MFIs) History of microfinance s Microfinance s are relatively new developments in finance that emerged around the 1970s (Robbinson, 2001). Microfinance was an improvement of how donors and governments used to channel funds to the grassroots to help the poor in development projects. Between the 1950s and the 70s, governments and donors used to channel funds to the poor communities for development through rural credit programmes, with most of these funds being subsidised. The results were high loan default rates and high loses that made it impossible to reach the targeted rural poor households (Anyanwu, 2004). In the early 1980s, the history of microfinance institutions gained shape as more... of these...
4 Pages(1000 words)Essay


...for a teacher at the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind. Although difficult at first, Helen struggled to learn how to spell words using hand signals. With the efforts of her teacher Ann Sullivan, she continued to improve and master her skills despite of her condition. The highlight of her education happened when Anne brought her to the lake and spelled "water" in Helen's hand and the later immediately understood. From that moment, Helen's improvement was astounding as she could spell thirty new words that day including Anne's name. After this incident, Helen became famous because of an article that was written about her achievement. Eventually, she was also given a teacher to train her how to...
3 Pages(750 words)Essay


...& Paul [2002]. In 1930, Thomas Merton joined Oakham Public School during which time, Owen his father, died. However although the death affected Thomas Merton who sought support and financial help from the uncle was co-operative and finances to Thomas Merton was never a problem. Thomas Merton often received help from Tom Bennett, Owen’s former physician who was very supportive of Thomas as was the aunties and uncles. It was in 1932 during one of his visits to his grandparents in New York that Thomas Merton decided to venture into journalism by co-editing the school’s journal. In 1933, Thomas Merton visited Italy where he stayed in Rome where Merton acquired a Bible and become religious, severally praying asking God to...
2 Pages(500 words)Essay


...a good example to them. Since I have always wanted them to be morally upright people when they grow, I have always mentored and cultivated values in them. This involves offering the required advice and supporting them psychologically. In another dimension, I have been involved in making them accept the fact that life is all about dedication and being focused. Issues that revolve around personality ruining and bad character have always been outlined in our several discussions. This allows them to come up with judgment on what would face them whenever they go astray. This way, they are able to evaluate between wrong and right thus enabling them to make best choices in life. My definition of how being a father is has not...
1 Pages(250 words)Essay


... Love In the present day society, the word love has been misunderstood. Human beings have used this word to describe the different kinds of things. However, there exist seven types of love. Agape love, in simple terms is the love for humanity. This kind of love makes one unhappy when fellow human beings are in a crisis. It reflects when the unaffected offers contributions with the aim of supporting the affected. Second, the family love is the love involving members of the same family. It involves the direct family members and those adopted. It refers to the love a parent has for a child or the other way round. Third, pragama is the love that endures. It involves the love between married couples that develops over some period... Love In the...
1 Pages(250 words)Assignment
sponsored ads

Let us find you another Term Paper on topic Definition of Religious Institutions for FREE!

Contact Us