# The Sound of Sorting - Visualization and "Audibilization" of Sorting Algorithms Sorting algorithms are an **essential chapter** in undergraduate computer science education. Due to their easy to explain nature and fairly straight-forward analysis, this set of algorithms offers a convenient introduction to the methods and techniques of theoretical computer science and algorithm analysis. This source archive presents my own **demo program for sortings algorithms**, called **"The Sound of Sorting"**, which both **visualizes** the algorithms internals and their operations, and **generates sound effects** from the values being compared. The demo is implemented using the **cross-platform** toolkits wxWidgets and SDL, can be executed on Windows, Linux and Mac, and **runs in real time**. There are many resources on the Internet about sorting algorithms, among them are Wikipedia, animated sorting algorithms by David R. Martin and various Java applets by many college or university staff. ## Website and License The current source package and some binaries can be downloaded from http://panthema.net/2013/sound-of-sorting/ Some YouTube videos are also linked on above webpage. The program and code is published under the GNU General Public License v3 (GPL), which can also be found in the file COPYING. A few of the sorting algorithms' implementations were written by other authors and may have different licenses. ## Usage The Sound of Sorting demo program is very intuitive to use. It contains many sorting algorithms, which are selectable via the list box on the right. For the quick sort variants the pivot rule can be selected separately. When pressing "Run", the algorithm is started on selected input. "Step" will stop a running algorithm, or start a new one, and halt it after performing one operation. With "Reset" a running algorithm is stopped, and a new random input is created. When "Sound" is activated, the program will generate sound effects on the default audio output. The "Speed" slider changes the algorithms execution speed by adding a delay for each array access. *Due to the 1ms resolution of timers on Windows, the speed scale is smaller. The Linux version has a higher time resoltion \< 1ms!* The algorithm's visualization contains mostly white bars representing the value of the array position corresponding to the x-axis. When the algorithm gets or sets an array item, the white bar runs red for one algorithmic step. A swap operation is represented by two bars turning red and their values being exchanged. Some algorithms specially colorize bars which represent indexes, pointers or other information about the internal mechanisms of the algorithm. Both value comparisons and array accesses are counted and shown in real time. The comparison counter includes ternary comparisons as just one operation. Due to algorithms often using extra memory or local variables, the array access counter highly depends on the actual algorithm implementation. The generated sound effects depend on the values being compared. Only comparisons yield sound output (except for in radix/bucket sort)! The length of each comparison's sound effect can be modified using the "Sound Sustain" slider. The frequency of the sound is calculated from the compared values. The sound wave itself is triangular and modulated with an ADSR envelope. This yields the "8-bit game tune" feeling. An item value is scaled (with double precision) to the frequency range 120 Hz - 1,212 Hz, which is large but not too high to be annoying. ## Source Code Overview and Implementation Notes The demo program uses the wxWidgets toolkit for cross-platform dialogs and painting. For sound output, the audio component of the cross-platform SDL library is used. All sources resides in `src/`. The main window's GUI functions are grouped in `WMain.h/cpp`. The sorting visualization, including the instrumented array class and painting methods are in `WSortView.h/cpp`. `SortAlgo.h/cpp` contains all sorting algorithms. These were mainly modified to operate on a `WSortView` object, which exposes most of the usual array operators such as `operator[]`, and many special functions to create nicer visualizations. Most notable among these, are a special `swap()` function and `mark()` to colorize bars. There is also `watch()` to do *live tracking* of indexes stored as local variables (use this with care)! Comparison counting and sound effects are signaled by the operators of `ArrayItem`, which is the item class of the instrumented array `WSortView`. As such, *all comparisons* of the sorting algorithms will be intercepted by this class. On each comparison, the values are used to generate sound. All sound generating methods are in `SortSound.cpp`. The main class here is an `Oscillator`, which generates an enveloped triangular waveform of a specific frequency. Oscillators are mixed together for the output sound. The output volume is scaled automatically depending on the number of oscillators active. For (somewhat) rapid development with wxWidgets, the wxGlade dialog generator tool is use. The public version of the Sound of Sorting contains no recording facilities. If you want to contribute a sorting algorithm, please notify me. ## Exits Written 2013-05-22 by Timo Bingmann