Explain the Management Science Approach

by Julie Davoren
The management science approach involves using mathematical models to solve problems.

The management science approach involves using mathematical models to solve problems.

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Developed during World War II to find solutions to warfare issues, the management science approach uses mathematical models to solve problems. Also known as a quantitative approach, the approach analyzes a mix of feasibilities, constraints and cost to enable management to make decisions. The management science approach combines rational thought with intuitive insight to resolve management concerns such as cost, production and service levels.


Management science is primarily concerned with exploring how a business can manage itself with the aim to maximize productivity. Through adopting a system that allows assimilation of scientific thought, the managers and owners solve or prevent the range of problems and issues arising from managerial weaknesses, which can be primary reasons small firms are viewed as marginal or unprofitable businesses. The core function of the management science approach is to compare possible outcomes. Businesses that don't apply quantitative management perspectives run the risk of remaining small in terms of the number of employees, production ratio and market share.


Small-business owners and mangers can use the management science approach to design specific measures that identify and evaluate the effectiveness of certain processes or decisions. For example, they can develop basic computer applications that can help predict and analyze some management issues that may arise at various levels of the organization. Managers use the techniques and tools of this quantitative approach to management to plan, organize, lead and control operations within the workplace. For the company, the approach can result in increased production, industrial peace and benefits of specialization. Conversely, workers might be more motivated and experience improved working conditions because the approach focuses on maintaining clean and safe work environments and involves differential wage systems.


Employees play an integral role in any organization, and they are the ones most affected by the management science approach. One drawback of this approach is that employees have little say in the management process. Decisions are handed down after a recommendation from the analysis phase is selected. Also, the fragmentation of work by giving out individual tasks may not work for small businesses, because it hinders any team-building interventions. Another disadvantage is that the issues involved in some scenarios can't be quantified; therefore, managers might quantify the pieces that they can and draw conclusions. The decisions they arrive at may not produce optimum results because all issues were not considered.

The Way Forward

To gain the best from the management science approach, managers gather and process information about the target market. For emerging businesses, the management science approach is an effective model that can be used to direct facilities, marketing, purchasing, personnel allocation, research and development. Business owners who select and use the proper tools and techniques place themselves in a position to maximize profitability. However, the ultimate test of this approach is based on whether better decisions are made regarding the overall management of the organization.

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