3 States of Matter - Structure Question 2

Structure Question 2:

The above diagram shows the apparatus used in an experiment to determine the freezing point of liquid naphthalene. The liquid naphthalene is cooled from 100°C in a conical flask and it is stirred continuously with a thermometer. The temperature of liquid naphthalene is recorded in every 30 seconds. The results obtained are tabulated below:
Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
Temperature (oC) 100 93 85 78 78 78 78 60 43 25 25

  1. Draw a graph of temperature against time for the cooling of liquid naphthalene.     [2 marks]
    (Click on the image to enlarge)
  2. Determine the freezing point of liquid naphthalene from the graph.

  3. c.What is the physical state of naphthalene at
    1. 60s

    2. 120s
      liquid and solid
    3. 180s

  4. Draw the particles arrangement of naphthalene at c.i. and  c.iii

    c. i.

    c. ii.
  5. Explain why the temperature remains constant between 3 and 6 minutes?

    From the time 90 second to 180 second, naphthalene is freezing. During freezing, bonds are formed in between the molecules and energy is released. The energy lost to the surrounding is compensated by the energy released from the formation of the bonds.
  6. Explain why the boiling tube is placed inside a conical flask during the cooling process.

    To ensure constant cooling at slow rate for naphthalene. This can avoid super cooling.
  7. Give a reason why naphthalene needs to be stirred continuously during the process?

    To avoid super cooling.
  8. Will the melting point of naphthalene differ if it is contaminated by other substance?

  9. Sketch a graph obtained when solid naphthalene is heated from room temperature (25°C) to 100°C.

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