Advances in nutrition therapy for diabetes patients

According ThS.BS. Lam Van Hoang - Endocrine Sciences, tao mat troi nutrition is a core element of treatment for patients (BN) diabetes mellitus (diabetes) besides medication and lifestyle changes. An appropriate diet not only helps patients control blood sugar levels fluctuate during the day, but also help people improve their quality of life.

Carbohydrate is the main nutrient affecting postprandial blood glucose

ThS.BS. Lam Van Hoang said, the nutritional recommendations for patients with diabetes has changed in recent years due to the new understanding of the disease, advances in medical treatment and the available scientific evidence.

The randomized controlled trial and observational study shows that nutritional therapy is proven to reduce HbA1c of about 1-2%, depending tao mat troi spirulina on the type and duration of diabetes. American Diabetes Association, Europe has its own set of nutritional recommendations. Carbohydrate is the main nutrient affecting postprandial blood glucose. Must consider both the quantity and quality of carbohydrate meal when setting for patients with diabetes.

 Good diet improves glycemic index.
Recent studies show an increasingly important role of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes complications. Postprandial hyperglycemia increases disorders are harmful to the body: the reactive molecules glycosylated protein, increased levels of insulin in the blood, endothelial dysfunction of blood vessels, increased oxidative stress, and disorder lipid metabolism ... This is the risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, blood sugar control is not only interested in fasting glucose but also including postprandial tao mat troi tu nhien blood glucose.

One of the important issues of the diet is to control the amount of glucid - intake of carbohydrates (grains, starches, fruits ...). Flour, sugar is one of the main power supply to the body's living cells. Previously, the world's carbohydrate content is recommended up to 70% of the total energy in the diet daily. However, due to the amount of carbohydrate intake plays an important role in causing hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism after eating so the current trend is strict control over the amount of powdered sugar.

However, according to BS. Huang, dietary carbohydrate for diabetic patients seemed easy to understand and easy to implement, but to know it, the physician also struggling and change the course of history as sick of it. Over time with more  research and evaluation on glycemic control and complications for patients, the recommended diet composition for patients with carbohydrate ratio 55-60% is considered appropriate for patients diabetes. And the role of the glycemic index of foods is considered to impact the blood sugar stable throughout the day.

Food raises blood sugar slowly - the best choice

BS. Royal recommendations, to better control blood sugar we have in fasting glucose control, blood sugar between meals and especially tao spirulina postprandial blood glucose. Which carbohydrate is the primary source of nutrition affects postprandial blood glucose, so the diet, diabetic patients should use the food supplement powder with a special way with the slow release mechanism released into blood sugar slowly, and have low glycemic index to help stabilize blood sugar after eating. These special foods for people with diabetes can use as snack and meal replacement for diabetic patients to lose weight and control blood sugar.

These specialized nutritional products for people with diabetes has been proven through clinical studies are good for patients. With the increase of fiber (soluble and insoluble), and the presence of the slow release system due to the change in Fibersol maltodextrin, these foods not only provide nutrition to help balance the but also the composition of the powder is particularly slow sugar release mechanism, the release of sugar into the bloodstream slowly, low-glycemic index to help stabilize blood sugar after eating. Depending on the operational needs of the body, the patient can use products with nutritional formula specially formulated to: replace meals when busy work, the snacks before sports, bedtime for elderly patients with high risk of hypoglycemia during the night.

With kidney failure, proper nutrition will help control blood pressure, weight, cholesterol and blood sugar levels, as the disease progresses slowly. In particular, the control diet, drinking is essential and ensures quality food nutritional value is also an important issue. Therefore, if we apply a reasonable diet, suitable to each person, each patient is able to human health is increasingly improved.

Salt is the major cause of chronic kidney disease. Eat more salt leads to water retention in the body, increases blood pressure in the kidneys to increase the burden on the kidneys. The doctor recommends, people with kidney disease should eat and should not eat too light 2 - 4 grams of salt per day. People with hypertension should limit salt intake to a minimum.

People with kidney disease should limit protein intake thuc pham chuc nang spirulina because protein metabolism in the body will produce more toxic, these substances are filtered through the kidneys and cause kidney damage overload. Limit fat in food preparation, processing method selected should be boiled or baked.
People with kidney disease should avoid salt.

Prevention of nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency

Nutritional anemia is the condition that occurs yen sao khanh hoa when the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal due to a lack of one or more nutrients in the process of hematopoiesis.

In developing countries, nutritional anemia mainly due to iron deficiency. The disease is common in reproductive age women and children adversely affect maternal health and reduced intellectual capacity in children.

Effect of nutritional anemia to health

- Impact on working capacity anemia due to any cause also cause high oxygen deficiency. Blood shortages of labor productivity fell sick, when iron deficiency but not anemia also revealed reduced working capacity.

- Impact on brainpower: The anemia is usually expressed fatigue, poor concentration, insomnia, irritability status. In children, anemia reduced intellectual capacity, decrease learning outcomes.

- Affects Pregnancy: Anemia is an increased risk of premature delivery, increased incidence of disease and mortality, maternal bleed postpartum period. Therefore, yen sanest nutritional anemia is considered a threat obstetrics.

 Diet rich in fruit and vegetables increases the absorption of iron.
Photo: TL
The role of iron in the body:

Iron is a vital component of hemoglobin, the oxygen intake to the blood to nourish cells to ensure survival for the body.

In foods, iron in the form below 2:

+ Form in foods of animal origin such as meat, yen sao fish, liver, eggs ... absorption in the body (20-30%).

+ Form in foods of plant origin, such as peas, beans, dark green vegetables have (spinach, vegetables, jute, vegetables and fresh spinach) in some fruits such as watermelon, papaya, ripe ... absorption into the body between 5-10%.

Demand for iron: Iron in the body is very small, about 2.5 g in women, 4 g in men, but significant biological role. Metabolism of iron in the body is almost closed, the savings can be very iron, but still depleted daily by different routes.

In adults, the iron loss of about 0.9% per day in men and 0.8 mg in women's 65kg 55kg.

In reproductive age women, the iron lost in menstrual cycle daily average of 1.25 mg and about 5% higher in women than 24mg.

In pregnant women, but do not lose iron in menstrual but need to add to the fetus, placenta, to increase the mother's blood volume, to about 1.000mg iron.

Demand is not spread evenly but concentrated in the last month, to 6.3 mg / day. This requirement is not satisfied if only based on diet, unless the body has large reserves of iron. Therefore, it is necessary to take iron supplements for pregnant women, yen sao gia bao nhieu especially in the last months of pregnancy pregnancy period.

The prevention of nutritional anemia

- Diversification of meal: Encourage diversification meal. The diet must provide enough energy for the iron-rich foods in animal feed ingredient, bean, bean. Increased absorption of iron in the vitamin C-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables. Encourage fermented foods such as bean sprouts, pickles, sprouted foods have more vitamin C and reduce the amount of tannin, acid in food phitic.

- Supplement with Iron: Iron supplementation for women 15-30 years of age, pregnant women, children under 2 years regular full dose.

When high blood pressure (BP), in addition to drugs, the selection and maintenance of a prudent diet and proper meaning of particular importance. However, besides the issue of compliance with general principles such as bland, limited animal fat, dietary stimulants ... many patients proved embarrassing when you choose to use the daily food and drink to be a diet is beneficial to health.

Celery: use of diodes as more fresh, thoroughly cleaned, and then pound water pressure (if there is, the better presses). Manufacturing added a little honey, drink 3 times a day, 40ml each. Modern research shows that celery juice is effective vasodilator, diuretic and BP lowering.

Chrysanthemum: a common vegetables, especially aromatic, rich in amino acids and essential oils, light bars have the effect of lowering BP and mind. You should be used as a daily vegetable juice drink or squeezed, about 50ml per day, in 2 divided doses morning,yen sao sanest khanh hoa afternoon. In particular, chrysanthemum suitable for people with high BP is accompanied by severe pain and head.

Nutrition osteoporosis prevention

Osteoporosis is now one of the common diseases in the elderly, especially women. Consequently, subsidence fractures or spinal fracture ... quite often due to yen sao khanh hoa severe osteoporosis with healthy elderly mainland as long bone, expensive treatment, the patient should lie prone for a long time so multiple infections (pneumonia, urinary tract infections, ulcers entries ...) , a burden for patients, their families and society. But many people do not pay attention to a very important thing to prevent osteoporosis, a diet that ensures a strong skeleton dated from the first year of life.

"Silent thief"

According to the summary of the Orthopaedic Trauma Hospital HCMC, osteoporosis causes more than 90% of elderly people with fractures after mild fall. Currently in Vietnam, an estimated 2.5 million people have osteoporosis and more than 150,000 cases of osteoporotic fractures.

Most bones in early adulthood. Bone mineral content was highest in the age of 25, then dropped into menopause in women and men about 52 years old. Reduced mass ratio annually ranged from 0.5 to 2% depending nuoc yen sao khanh hoa gia bao nhieu on the person. People with balance diet and exercise habits from a young age is less than the risk of the disease because bone remains healthy and exercise.

Osteoporosis is a disease that changes slowly and without obvious symptoms, often makes people with osteoporosis do not know they are sick. This disease is like "the silent thief", little by little, to steal away the minerals in the body's bone bank. When bone is thin, the body loses a large amount of bone in the entire organization volumetric bone density of organizations to decrease bone. Factors affecting bone density include: Lack of estrogen (in women occurs after menopause), lack of exercise, smoking, drinking, diet low, calcium is poor.

Osteoporosis causes bone fracture after a minor collision in the elderly, when the fractured bone will be very hard and very long back immediately. The patient must be in place, long-term treatment in the hospital, expensive time, money and effort of the house. More dangerous, when they are long for treatment will lead to many complications such as multiple adverse respiratory tract infection, sanest khanh hoa urinary tract ulcers in the section where the spleen, crushed ... can cause lifelong disability and reduced life expectancy of the patient.

The role of nutrition osteoporosis prevention

The osteoporosis treatment difficult and expensive, so we need to take precautions by building diet to ensure healthy bones by adding calcium and vitamin D match during childhood, puberty and adulthood.

Calcium: Calcium is needed for the heart, muscles, and nerves to function normally and help blood to clot. Calcium deficiency is a major cause of osteoporosis. Many studies have shown that diets low in calcium are associated with low bone mass and high fracture rates. Hence the need to build a calcium-rich diet. Foods rich in calcium include milk and dairy products, shrimp, crab, shrimp (especially shrimp, crab), nuts, egg yolks, amaranth, jute, tac dung cua yen sao vegetables, spinach, vegetables and sweet soy , sesame, ... Also note the amount of protein (protein) in the diet should be moderate, because protein diet increases calcium excretion in the urine.

If you do not eat enough calcium in your diet, you need to add calcium. Calcium supplements depending on the amount of calcium absorbed from food. All forms of calcium are equally absorbed when taken with food unless patients have gastrointestinal problems. Calcium supplements are better absorbed in small doses (<= 500 mg) several times a day.

Vitamin D: The body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium. Lack of vitamin D can not make enough of the hormone calcitriol (active form of vitamin D), leading to absorb enough calcium from food. In this case, the body will take calcium from the bones of storage area, causes bones to become weak and stop creating new bone.

There are 3 ways vitamin D intake: through the skin, from foods and from drugs. Vitamin D is formed naturally by the body after sun exposure. Direct sun 15 minutes a few times a week is enough to produce the amount of vitamin D needed. The medical experts recommended daily 400-600 IU of vitamin D, from drug or vitamin D-rich foods such as egg yolks, fish, marine, milk and liver vitamin D.
 The elderly should increase outdoor activities to the body synthesize vitamin D.

Need to eat more fruits and vegetables, foods rich in plant oestrogens such as bean sprouts, soybeans, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, garlic ... also reduce bone loss and increase bone mineral.
In summary, osteoporosis can be prevented by maintaining a good diet, activity, exercise, plenty of exercise and proper from childhood into adulthood and throughout their lives. Particularly in women after menopause, when estrogen levels decrease osteoporosis would be best prevented by hormone replacement therapy (if indicated and conditions) in combination with diet, activity, exercise, mobilizing adequate and reasonable.

A good diet and proper to ensure the healthy development of both physical and mental human. However, to have a reasonable diet, you need to have a basic understanding of the nutritional needs of the body, the nutritional value of the food groups ...
Eat nutritional needs of the body
Nutritional needs vary with age, gender, health status and level of physical activity. Should be regularly maintained adequate diet, balanced. Only through ensuring adequate supply of energy and nutrients needed for the development of the body, as well as preserving the life, work and other activities.
Ensuring nutritious meals
To provide meals nutrients for the body, you need to coordinate a variety of foods from the four main food groups (starch, sugar, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and fiber) and change will ensure regular food rations balanced and sufficient nutrients to body. Group of food including rice, corn, potato, tapioca, wheat ... the supply of primary energy. Group of protein include foods of animal origin such as meat,   fish, eggs, milk and vegetable sources like beans. In addition, the group needed a meal high to yen sao cao cap in fat and vegetable group. 3 meals daily average. Not so fast breakfast and dinner do not eat it too.

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