Explore Related Concepts

digestion of starch by salivary amylase

Best Results From Wikipedia Yahoo Answers Youtube

From Wikipedia

Amylase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


From Yahoo Answers

Question:plz i need help with this question i am not smart in science and i need to udnerstand not suree how to understand this can i have simple? THANKSSS!!!!!!!!

Answers:An Amylase is an enzyme that chemically breaks big starch molecules into smaller molecules. This break down process is called chemical digestion or more technically , hydrolysis. The substance that is being broken down (digested/hydrolysed) is called the substrate. In your question, starch would be the substrate and amylase is the enzyme. There are different kinds of amylases (an enzyme that digests starch). The kind of amylase that is found in saliva is called ptyalin. Now, to answer your question: The starch molecule is a big molecule. It is called a polysaccharide. The enzyme ptyalin digests (hydrolysis) or breaks down the polysaccharide molecule starch into two smaller molecules called maltose. Technically, maltose is called a disaccharide. Summary: 1Starch (polysaccharide)molecule + some water (+ ptyalin)------->2 maltose (disaccharide) molecules. All this occurs in your mouth as you chew starchy foods like bread, potatoes or rice. By the way, you put this question in the wrong YA section . This is not a "botany" question and should have been asked in "biology."

Question:How does chemical amylase affect the absorption of starch or other foods through our intestine into our blood? And how would i desing an experiment the affects of amylase on the absorbtion of different types of food? What would the experiment be and what meterials would i need. Really really need helpp!!

Answers:There are two types of amylase in the body - salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase. Salivary amylase is an enzyme present in saliva, and acts when saliva is secreted in the mouth during eating. Carbohydrates make up large portions of what we eat. Roughly two thirds of these ingested carbohydrates are made up of the polysaccharide, starch. Salivary amylase acts on the starch, partially digesting it. The enzyme's action is the beginning of chemical process of digestion. Salivary amylase is also present in the stomach, where it further digests the starch, until the enzyme is destroyed by gastric acid and digestion is continued in the small intestine, by pancreatic amylase. Both the amylase enzymes break down the starch into disaccharide sugars, mostly dextrose, maltose and maltotriose. These are then broken down further by enzymes contained within the intestinal epithelial cells, into monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and galactose. Finally, the monosaccharides are transported across the intestinal epithelium into the bloodstream. --- As for designing your experiment: Make up a number of different food samples 1. Obtain say, 10 different food types (potatos, yoghurt, apple), trying to represent the spectrum of 'food groups', based on what you presume they contain (amount of proteins, carbohydrates, etc) 2. Weigh pieces of them out to a consistent amount, say, 1g. 3. Using mortar and pestle, grind the samples into a paste. 4. Filter pastes to remove solids, extracting liquids into beakers. 5. Transfer each sample to labelled test tubes. Testing amylase activity 1. Place 1mL of each food extract into each of ten test tubes. 2. Place 1mL of 0.05% starch solution into a test tube. Label as the 'blank'. 3. Place a drop of iodine into each test tube. 4. Place 1mL of amylase solution into each test tube. Notice some tubes will turn blue, as a complex forms between the iodine and starch present in the food extracts. 5. Note that where no blue colour appears, these foods contain no starch. 6. Wait an hour for the enzyme to react. 7. Place the blank test tube into a spectrophotometer. Mark the absorbance reading. This is to calibrate the 'zero point', by which all other readings will be determined. That is, other measurements are relative to this one (this is the absorbance when a known quantity of starch is placed in the machine). 8. Place the other tubes into the spectrophotometer, one by one. Mark the absorbance readings at intervals of say, once a minute for ten minutes. 9. Graph results, absorbance vs time. This will show enzyme activity. Notice the trends. Absorbance is proportional to amylase concentration. On your graph, you'll see absorbance values becoming lower for different foods, and at different rates. So you can use this graph to determine the rate of amylase activity on various food sources. The faster the rate of the reaction, the quicker the rate of starch breakdown. (Remember that because substrates can inhibit enzyme activity when the substrate concentration is high enough to block all the enzyme's binding sites, this experiment doesn't tell us how much starch is in each food sample. But since we know what food each sample is, we can determine the rate that it is broken down by amylase. From this we can conclude that the faster the food is broken down, the more quickly it will be absorbed across the intestinal epithelium.

Question:Amylase is an enzyme which speeds up the digestion of starch. Amylase is produced by the salivary glands. Why does amylase stop working in the acidic conditions in the stomach? As food passes from the stomach into the small intestine, a different digestive juice is mixed with the food. What type of substance is this digestive juice?

Answers:Every enzyme has it own pH optimum. The amylase in the saliva has a pH optimum of 5.6. In the stomach, the pH is 1-2. So amylase stops working in the stomach. In the small intestine, a mixture of pancreatic enzymes work there: trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, etc.

Question:We have this experiment on the specificity of enzyme action. We used glycogen and starch for testing and salivary amylase. I'm already aware of the effect of saliva on starch, but is the reaction rate of degrading starch to simple sugars the same as the degradation of glycogen? Do amylases even react with glycogen?

Answers:The pancreas produces a hormone, glucagen, to stimulate a release of stored glycogen from the liver, in the form of glucose, into the blood to restore balance. FOR The mechanism of carbohydrase action. 5. Action of human salivary -amylase on amylopectin and glycogen,please visit: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1204700

From Youtube

Digestive Rap by Ellen Wardzala c 2006 :My Anatomy & Physiology prof performs this to help her classes remember how food digests. If you wanna know the process to digest your food, you gotta mix it with saliva, and chew it good. Salivary amylase begins the starch digestion; peristalsis sends the bolus in the right direction. Gastroesophageal sphincter will let it through to the stomach where the mixing waves will churn the goo. Chyme is gastric juice mixed with the food you ate; it doesnt look like anything thats on your plate. HCl and pepsin denature and then cleave proteins to polypeptides, before the chyme can leave - into the duodenum which starts the small intestine, where the steps will be completed of the chemical digestion. Enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver are added to the chyme like sewage to a river. Fat is broken up by the salts in bile, and digested by the pancreatic lipase for awhile. Trypsin is a pancreatic protease, along with chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase. These will cleave the larger peptides to smaller in the goo, so the small intestine enzymes can hydrolyze them, too. Carbs are further hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylase; DNA into nucleotides by pancreatic nuclease. So whats left for duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum to do before the chyme becomes the feces in the cecum? Are you kidding? Microvilli house the BBEs Which will finish the hydrolysis of all of these. Lactase, maltase, sucrase, dextrinase and glucoamylase; aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase; nucleotides ...

Enzymes for Digestion and Health Part 2 :www.takebackyourhealth.com What Enzymes Do Enzymes are complex protein molecules that are found in every cell in your body. Enzymes can become activated, and are capable of specific tasks such as, the production of energy or exchange of oxygen, and carbon dioxide, when we breathe. They are able to transfer energy to other molecules, making it easier for them to be produced, and utilized by the body, creating a domino effect, and therefore, speeds up all bodily functions. Our body contains 1300 different enzymes that break down nutrients, rebuild cells, and cause the body to function disease-free. The digestive system transforms food into energy for the body's use by breaking down complex proteins, fats and carbohydrates into smaller, simpler, and more usable forms. Without this transformation, digestion and assimilation of nutrients is difficult to impossible. Your health is more overtaxed, and abused by excesses of processed foods, and stimulants baked flour, dairy, and, caffeine, soft drinks, sugar, and alcohol. Digestion begins with the sight and smell of food that stimulates the secretion of enzymes. The tasting and chewing allows saturation of the salivary enzyme, amylase, which breaks down the starch to glucose when chewing potato or bread. The pH drops to an acid range as low as four or five. The upper portion of the stomach called the fundus continues to use amylase and other enzymes for predigestion. The stomach contents are then passed through the pyloric valve ...