Anemia and Chemotherapy

The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the type of chemotherapy, duration of treatment, and the amount given. Anticipating and managing anemia (decreased number of red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body) can help to minimize it and avoid blood transfusions.

Anemia and chemotherapy


Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen to other cells throughout your body. Chemotherapy can damage your body’s ability to make RBCs, so body tissues do not get enough oxygen, a condition called anemia. People who have anemia may feel very weak or tired, dizzy, faint, or short of breath, or may feel that their hearts are beating very fast. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.

You will be given frequent tests to measure your hemoglobin and hematocrit during your therapy. These numbers are used to watch for anemia. If you have too few red blood cells, you may need a blood transfusion or medications, such as epoetin or darbepoetin, to raise the number of red blood cells in your body. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits in your specific case. These medicines take time to work. If the anemia is severe or you have symptoms, your doctor may decide not to wait until they work and to give you a transfusion.

What can I do if I have anemia?

Consider the following strategies to help manage anemia and fatigue:

  • Plan time to rest during the day.

  • Take short naps or breaks. Make sure that you get enough sleep.

  • Limit your activities to those that are most important.

  • Try easier or shorter versions of activities you enjoy.

  • Take short walks or do light exercise, if possible.

  • Consider activities, such as meditation, prayer, yoga, guided imagery, or visualization.

  • Eat as well as you can in small amounts at a time. Drink plenty of fluids.

  • Join a support group. Your doctor can help you find a support group in your area.

  • Limit caffeine and alcohol.

  • Ask for help with daily responsibilities.

  • Talk to your doctor regarding ways to conserve your energy and reduce fatigue.

  • Report any changes in energy level, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, fluid retention or leg swelling, or frequent urination at night to your doctor.

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