

FDA weighs unknowns of 3-person embryo technique

FDA weighs unknowns of 3-person embryo technique

February 26th, 2014 by MATTHEW PERRONE, AP Health Writer in News




"The end of the experiment will come decades later," said Michigan State University's Keith Latham, in a presentation Tuesday before the FDA and its advisory panel. "It's going to take us that long to figure out the health of the progeny produced from these procedures."

The FDA explicitly framed its public meeting as a "technical" discussion on the feasibility of safely testing the artificial fertilization technique in humans. In a statement read at the outset, FDA staffers acknowledged the "ethical and social policy issues related to genetic modification of eggs and embryos," but said such issues were "outside the scope of this meeting."

Despite such disclaimers, more than a half-dozen public speakers urged the FDA to block any human testing of the DNA-swapping technique due to unknown medical, ethical and societal impacts. Several argued that it could be a slippery slope toward "designer babies" - allowing parents to customize traits like eye color, height and intelligence.

Marcy Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society said that FDA-sanctioned testing would cross a "bright policy line" into altering genes that will be passed down to future generations.

"It could well be the first time any jurisdiction in the world had authorized intentional genetic modification of children and their descendants. And it would be making this decision with little or no input from the public or elected officials," said Darnovsky. Her group points out that 40 countries - including Germany and France - have laws banning human genetic changes that are passed on to future offspring.

Darnovsky and other speakers questioned the FDA's authority to authorize such testing, since the agency's jurisdiction mainly covers drugs and medical devices - not fertility techniques.

The bulk of Tuesday's discussion centered on the scientific aspects of gene replacement, with presentations by leading researchers in the field, including Shoukhrat Mitalipov's of the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland. Mitalipov and his staff have produced five healthy monkeys using his technique, which involves replacing defective DNA from a part of the cell called the mitochondria.

An estimated 1 in 4,000 U.S. children inherit diseases due to mutations in their mitochondria, small energy-producing organs that float in the plasma around the cell. Unlike most DNA - located in the nucleus of the cell - mitochondrial DNA is only passed along by the mother, not the father.

Mitalipov's experimental technique, if approved for use, would involve removing the nucleus DNA from a healthy female donor's eggs and replacing it with the nucleus DNA of the prospective mother. After fertilization, the resulting child would inherit the mother's nucleus DNA - containing traits like hair color and height - but the donor's healthy mitochondrial DNA.


"There are so many aspects of mitochondrial disease that change over time and that we don't understand," said Dr. Katharine Wenstrom of Brown University. "We have to be very careful that we develop techniques to test these animals throughout the course of their entire lifespan."
