A surname of Venus at Rome, which is derived by some from the verb calvere, to mock or annoy, and is believed to refer to the caprices of lovers. Others relate, that Ancus Marcius dedicated the temple of Venus Calva near the Capitol at the time when his wife's hair began to fall off ; whereas a third account connects the foundation of this temple with the war against the Gauls, during which the Roman women were said to have cut off their hair for the purpose of making bow-strings of it. (Serv. ad Aen. i. 724; Lactant. i. 20, 27.) Hartung (Die Relig. d. Röm. ii. p. 251) thinks the last account the most probable, and believes that the name referred to a real or symbolical cutting off of the hair of brides on their marriage day. (Comp. Pers. Sat. ii. 70, with the Schol.)