What is the increased risk of lung cancer with a history of chronic obstructive lung disease, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis?

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AnnSchwartzPhD (Researcher (Verified) ) - 08 / 08 / 2012

Cigarette smoking increases risk of both lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) which is defined by airflow limitation from both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In addition, COPD is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Once COPD is diagnosed, risk of developing lung cancer increases 2 to 3-fold, even among never smokers. Lung cancer occurrence is linked differentially to specific COPD phenotypes, with highest risk associated with a history of emphysema. A family history of COPD also increases risk of lung cancer development approximately 2-fold. The question remains as to whether COPD is in the causal pathway in the development of lung cancer or a variation in manifestation from the same exposures. Studies that incorporate clinical, inflammatory, genetic and imaging parameters are being conducted that will be of particular interest in furthering lung cancer risk assessment in the presence of COPD.
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