Thursday, September 20, 2012


Inflammation of the salivary glands



Salivary gland infection, salivary stone: Definition

The salivary gland inflammation is caused by bacteria or viruses, inflammation of a salivary gland, which is often caused by a salivary stone. The technical language term for the inflammation of the salivary glands is sialadenitis or Sialoadenitis; the formation of stones (sialoliths) and calcification in a salivary gland sialolithiasis is called. In 80 percent of the cases, the salivary gland inflammation on one side, otherwise both sides. The inflamed salivary gland swells very painful.''

The salivary glands make saliva and thus ensure that we can swallow our food easier. Each person makes every day and a half to two liters of saliva, which is more than 90 percent of this total amount of the major salivary glands. The saliva varies greatly throughout the day and is subject to a certain pattern: it is very low at night, while eating or due to various stimuli and sensations - particularly lunch - intensified. A salivary stone may arise in any salivary gland of humans and thus trigger a salivary gland inflammation. Most, however, ignite the six paired major salivary glands of man:

* the parotid gland (parotid gland) from the ear,
* the sublingual gland (sublingual gland).

The numerous minor salivary glands, for example, in the lips, cheek or throat, are however rarely affected by a salivary stone or a salivary gland infection. Salivary stones are composed primarily of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. A salivary stone may be a few millimeters in size to about two centimeters. The formation of stones - and thus the resulting salivary gland infection - is probably the consequence of an altered salivary composition, for example, calcium excess (hypercalcemia), diabetes mellitus, gout, a steady accumulation of exudate in narrow gland ducts or repeated infections.''


The salivary gland inflammation is usually by a salivary stone, is nevertheless in each case is not the same salivary gland affected mainly: Salivary stones are found with greatest frequency (approximately 63-95% of cases) in the submandibular gland, whereas in the salivary gland inflammation, usually the parotid gland is inflamed. A salivary stone that requires treatment has, in Germany each year on a frequency of about 2200-5000 cases. Salivary stones are formed frequently between the 20th and 50 Age, but can also occur in children.''

Salivary gland infection, salivary stone: causes

A salivary gland inflammation are usually based on salivary stones as causes: a salivary stone (Sialolith) blocked the excretory duct of the salivary glands, so there is a backlog of saliva. In congested secretions which bacteria or viruses cause inflammation of the salivary gland. The exact causes for the formation of salivary stones is not yet known. As causes of salivary gland inflammation in addition to salivary calculi are also narrowing, scars or tumors of the salivary glands being: you have the same effect as a salivary stone. Poor oral hygiene or an inflamed mouth (stomatitis), encouraging the emergence of salivary gland inflammation in addition.''

Among the viral diseases that can cause a salivary stone, narrow gland ducts and salivary gland inflammation, including mumps in childhood, but also the cytomegalovirus or coxsackie A virus. Rare causes an inflammation of the salivary glands are autoimmune diseases such as connective tissue diseases or the dryness of the mouth marked by severe SjÃ¶gren's syndrome. Medications that reduce saliva flow, are also held responsible for a salivary gland inflammation questioned. These include, for example, dehydrating agents (known as diuretics), tablets for depression (so-called anti-depressants), allergies (antihistamines) or heart complaints. The risk of salivary stones is not increased by these drugs.''

Radiation therapy, for example in tumor therapy, can cause a temporary inflammation of salivary glands: the so-called radiogenic sialadenitis.''

Salivary gland infection, salivary stone: Symptoms

If a salivary gland inflammation, the symptoms usually appear suddenly and unilaterally (on both sides but rather when the salivary gland inflammation is a consequence of mumps). Whether a salivary stone, which has not yet caused no salivary gland infection, symptoms, causes, depends on how big the stone is and where it is located. Regardless of whether a salivary stone or some other cause of salivary gland inflammation is responsible for the inflamed salivary gland swells, it is hard and painful. These symptoms take in food, so it makes more saliva, which exerts a pressure on the inflamed tissue. Often it comes at a salivary gland inflammation, fever. The skin over the gland is red and feels warm. Sometimes pus in the mouth and causes an unpleasant taste. If a parotid gland inflammation present, it can also be painful to chew, as the jaw joint and chewing muscles are located in close proximity. Often, the victims still barely open her mouth.''

As a possible symptom of a pure salivary stone that has not yet caused no salivary gland inflammation occurs in the affected salivary gland, a painful or painless swelling. Sometimes resolve purely saliva stones, these symptoms only when saliva is increased (eg when eating).''

Salivary gland infection, salivary stones: Diagnosis

If a salivary gland infection, which is often an underlying salivary stone, the diagnosis is based on a thorough examination of the affected salivary gland. The suspicion of an inflammation of the salivary gland is derived from the information provided to stakeholders on what times to experience the typical symptoms or increase (eg, pain when chewing). The doctor touched the swollen salivary gland for the diagnosis from emptied at a salivary gland inflammation usually pus from the duct into the mouth. This allows the doctor to examine pus laboratory tests (smear) to determine the pathogen. He also looks for causes of inflammation in the mouth. Using a blood test can be shown that inflammation is present.''

To diagnose determine whether the salivary gland inflammation, a salivary stone are based, is the ultrasound examination: These are salivary stones from a size of half a millimeter in up to 99.5 percent of the cases seen in the salivary gland. It also allows the investigation method to distinguish between an abscess, a stone or a tumor to be distinguished. In the particular case is for a suspected salivary stone or salivary gland inflammation in the diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), endoscopy of the salivary duct, or - in cases of chronic sialadenitis - a fine-needle aspiration is used to remove a tissue sample.''

Another for the diagnosis of salivary gland inflammation of a salivary stone or suitable method is the so-called sialography: This makes it possible to depict the ductal system of salivary gland or a salivary stone. Here the doctor injects a contrast medium into the duct of the salivary gland. This spreads out in the duct system of the gland and is visible on a radiograph. Changes or an obstacle, for example by a stone are to be judged better.''

Salivary gland infection, salivary stone: Therapy

In a salivary gland inflammation is the appropriate therapy on various factors, for example on the cause (often a salivary stone) and the extent of inflammation. Generally, it is for the treatment of salivary gland inflammation recommended to stimulate the production of saliva with saliva so-called loosening. These include acidic, sugar-free candies, chewing gum and drinks that contain lemon juice, for example. The saliva from these unconsolidated more educated saliva cleanses the salivary gland. If a salivary stone is present, the increased flow of saliva may even transported the stone to the outside. If you have a bacterial salivary gland inflammation, antibiotic therapy is effective, has ignited the salivary gland by viruses, can help relieve pain and anti-inflammatory drugs. Cooling alcoholic envelopes, soft diet, plenty of fluids and intensive oral hygiene accelerate healing.''

If has been formed as a result of the salivary gland inflammation, an abscess, leave this column is best surgically drained so that the pus can. Removal of the salivary gland is necessary when salivary gland inflammation frequently occur (with or without salivary stone) or if it is suspected that a tumor is present. The salivary gland inflammation is caused by a salivary stone, the treatment depends on where the stone is located and how big it is:

* In a salivary stone, at the end of the duct is the salivary gland, the treatment is independent of the size of the stone is to resolve it through a Gangschlitzung or with regular massage.''
* Not too tentative salivary stones, which are located deep in the duct system or in the tissues of a gland and a maximum of eight millimeters in size, are suitable for the so-called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): This is directed to the doctor sound waves from outside the salivary stone, then at best into small parts (calculus) decays. The saliva flow transports these items, then out.''
* If you have a lot of stones, or when a salivary stone is greater than eight millimeters, it is advisable to remove the affected gland surgically. For an operation of a hospital stay of about a week's schedule.''

Salivary gland infection, salivary stone: Course


If a salivary gland inflammation determine many factors such as cause (often a salivary stone) and duration of the infection course and prognosis. If adequately treated, extend most of salivary gland inflammation but good: if against a bacterial sialadenitis, for example, antibiotics are used, that complaints usually fast and the inflammation heals without consequences. If it is necessary in the course of a salivary gland inflammation, the inflamed salivary gland to remove surgically, this has no noticeable effect on the production of saliva: the remaining salivary glands are still the same total amount of saliva.


If the salivary gland inflammation takes a longer course, various complications can occur: For example, an abscess - form - an encapsulated collection of pus. Cancels the abscess drained and outwardly through the skin or into the adjacent neck tissue may arise in a general infection, and even a life-threatening blood poisoning (septicemia). A chronic salivary gland inflammation leads to scarring and shrinkage of the tissue. The affected salivary gland and saliva is then hardly be felt as a firm knot.

Salivary gland infection, salivary stones: prevention

A salivary gland inflammation, and their common cause, the salivary stone, you can prevent conditioned by

* thorough attention to dental care and oral hygiene and much to drink.''

Also by an increased production of saliva, you can prevent a salivary gland inflammation or salivary stone: increased saliva cleanses the salivary glands and can potentially existing small salivary gland stones out of the wash. To stimulate the production of saliva, you can use sugar-free candies and sour sucking and appropriate beverages. If you have a salivary stone, it is advisable precaution to have him removed in each case, so that does not develop salivary gland inflammation.''

Sialectasia is inflammation of the salivary gland acini. If the inflammation persists, the acini are destroyed, and the contrast that is injected through the Stenson's duct pools in the gland, and can be seen in this video as 'globules' at the end of the ducts, especially in the inferior portion of the gland.

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