The ammonia molecule (NH3) has a dipole moment of 5.0 10-30 C � m. Ammonia molecules in the gas phase are placed in a uniform electric field vector E with magnitude = 5.80 106 N/C (a) What is the change in electrical potential energy when the dipole moment of a molecule changes its orientation with respect to vector E from parallel to perpendicular? J (b) At what absolute temperature T is the average translational kinetic energy 3/2kT of a molecule equal to the change in potential energy calculated in part (a)? (Above this temperature, thermal agitation prevents the dipoles from aligning with the electric field.)


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