Structure and function of the heart.

Heart - is the main organ of our body.That is how it works, what state, and depends on human health.And the function of the heart - it is a very broad topic, which at least superficially to be a sign.


So, first of all it should be noted that this body is located on the left side of the chest.Although there is in our world completely unique small group of people - their heart is on the right side.Usually such persons have a very peculiar structure of the organism, that is a mirror.And, accordingly, the heart is also in contrast to the usual location.

Generally, this body is composed of four cavities - the left and right atria and ventricles of.These chambers are divided by partitions.Quite a different kind of structure of the heart.Figure, which shows the body, just shows that he represents.But cavity - it is not the most important.Individual attention valves responsible for the flow of blood.Location

heart valves

The first thing to say about this part of the heart, so that's what g

oes into the left atrium pulmonary veins and into the right - hollow.From the right and left ventricles comes the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.So this topic is considered in detail.The left ventricle was divided with the atrium (located on the same side) the mitral valve, which is also called two-step.A right atrium divided with tricuspid valve.Even in the heart, a figure that allows to consider in detail the structure of the body, are the aortic and pulmonary valves.They are responsible for the process of outflow of blood from the ventricles notorious.


What circulatory function of the heart is the most important?Naturally, the blood circulation.Without it, the body is not able to fully function.Everyone knows that the heart operates two circulation - small and large.The first of these begins in the right ventricle, and its end is located in the left atrium.He is responsible for full gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs.Regarding the second is worth noting that a large circle in the left ventricle begins and ends, as you might guess, in the right atrium.He is responsible for ensuring that the blood is not only easy, but also other organs.All this is fully carried out only with a healthy heart.

valve mechanism in action

Much has been said about the valves and on what the function of the heart.Their work must be clear and coherent.After the pumping function of the heart it depends precisely on the valve, which together form a mechanism.Tri-opened - and the blood goes into the right ventricle from the atrium.Once it is filled with blood, the valve under pressure muscle closes.And then the blood can come only through the pulmonary trunk, which leads the pulmonary valve that opens under pressure from the blood, which increases during contraction of the right ventricle.The blood may proceed to only if opened mitral valve.Log in aorta closes the aortic valve, which consists of three wings that resemble the appearance of crescents.When the left ventricle is relaxed - it is closed, and so the venous blood enters the right atrium.Thus it performed and blood circulation.Of course, it's all in words for a long time, but in fact it takes only a moment.So fast is our heart.

facts are worth knowing

structure and function of the body is not only important, they are still interesting.For example, no one knows that the blood circulation is performed about 100,000 times per day at a distance of about 100 000 km!Amazingly, it was such a length up all the vessels of our body.And if we talk about how many times a year reduced our heart, then there is simply astronomical figures - more than 34 million!And finally, the latest data - for this time period the heart pumps three million liters of blood.It's incredibly much.So, if you wonder about what kind of function is performed by the heart, it can be said - is vital.And performs for that huge job.It is worth noting one more thing: one takes only a reduction in the amount of energy, which would be enough to lift the load of 400 grams of weight to a height of 1 meter.And this is taking into account the fact that the heart is at rest, spends only 15 percent of the amount of its reserves at its disposal.But if the body does the hard work, he spends 35% of its energy.That is our heart, structure and functions which really special and unique.

infarction and its specificity

you can talk a long time, and quite a lot.Take, for example, the contractile cells of the myocardium.In discussing the function of the heart, we can not affect attention and the moment.The fact that they operate for many years without stopping.Because it is important that they are constantly supplied with air.The absence of oxygen and other nutrients adversely affect the function of the human heart.If they do not act, the cells begin to die off, and instantly.Because they do not store that might be useful in such cases.The life of heart cells - a relentless circulation.Moreover, a muscle that is saturated with blood, can fast.After myocardial blood that fills the cavity, does not eat.Oxygen and nutrients are all the vessels extending from the aorta.

Discharge function

is a major.And it is in the alternation of systole, diastole and heart ventricles - is alternating contraction and relaxation of them.When done diastole, the ventricles fill with blood.If systole occurs, they pass the blood into the pulmonary trunk, and into the aorta, t. E. A major artery.How can you remember - near the ventricles are the heart valves, which are an obstacle reverse the tide of blood from an artery in the heart.After all the blood before to fill the ventricles, it passes through the large veins directly into the atrium.Acronyms - is preceded by ventricular systole.We can say that the atrium - is a booster pump to help fill the ventricles.

Functional elements heart

Their significance is as important as the work carried out by valves.Muscle fiber is just one of the functional components.This chain is composed of the myocardial cells, which are connected to one another and are enclosed in a single sarcoplasmic membrane.It should be noted that the fibers are divided into several types.It all depends on their functional and morphological characteristics of the individual.The first type - is a fiber and ventricular fibrillation.They constitute the main muscle mass and are the ones that provide the pumping function.And the second type - this is the so-called muscle fibers of the conduction system.They are responsible for the appearance of excitement, as well as for his transfer to the cells of the myocardium.So it quickens the heartbeat - a consequence of disturbances in the functional components of the central body of the person.

consequences of disruption of the heart

On how well a person performs the functions of the heart depends on his health, it has already been mentioned.Unfortunately, today, many suffer from diseases associated with that body.They are actively sick elderly people and elderly.This is due to the fact that it was mentioned - this body is working non-stop throughout life, and it is not surprising that after 50-60 years of continuous work he gets tired.Three in five people die due to heart disease, mainly from heart attacks.

to the disease include three main groups of diseases that affect the blood vessels, valves and tissue membranes.For example, atherosclerosis - the disease that affects the blood vessels of the heart.By the way, the most common ailment.Or heart failure, too many suffer from it.More serious illnesses should be attributed vice.The essence of the disease lies in the violation of any function of the heart valves.And the flaw can be either acquired or congenital.Arrhythmias also occur if the function of the human heart broken.Most often it occurs due knocked sequence, frequency or rhythm of the heartbeat.Some people suffer from angina (anoxia).And finally, attention should be noted such violation as myocardial infarction.A variation of coronary artery disease - when there is a disease of the myocardium portion ceases to suck the blood, or this is not as intense as usual.

Heart palpitations

Based on the foregoing, it can be understood that if any changes occur to our main body - then this is definitely a violation of any function of the heart.Perhaps the most common and most frequently observed disease is heart palpitations.This may be tachycardia, which occurs due to coronary heart disease, myocarditis, myocardial dystrophy, or because vice.But sometimes this disease is not associated with heart - it may be due to thyroid disease, menopause or a tumor manifested itself.Many people simply do not pay attention to recurring pain or odd sensations.And in vain, because our heart is experiencing a huge load.Especially pay attention to this should be the case if a private activity is related to the nervous work, stress and frustrations.

Additional features

addition of the blood circulation in this important body, there are other possibilities.What are the main functions of the heart is necessary to allocate more?Perhaps the so-called automatism - its ability to produce such pulses that trigger arousal.The biggest different sinus node automaticity.More can not forget about the conductivity - a function of the myocardium, or rather its ability to transmit impulses directly into the part of the heart contractility.Actually, anxiety - palpitations process under influence peddling pulses.And, of course, refractory, is the lack of ability to activate cells of myocardial excited when it started to do additional signals.It is divided by the absolute (when the heart is completely apathetic towards any stimulation), as well as the relative (body reacts to a very strong manifestation).So the function of the human heart are endless.

The only thing that I would like to mention - because that's what you need to take care of him.After all, this body is very important, and it depends on its state the duration of human life.Thus, based on the foregoing, it is safe to say that the heart structure and function of which were reviewed in detail, - a mechanism consisting of a mass of blood vessels, cavities and valves connected by a single goal - to ensure full circulation.After all, it is necessary for the life of any living creature.So what exactly this is the basic function of the heart.