﻿ Drum Carder Instructions - Pacific Wool and Fiber

How to use a Drum Carder

Happy Carding Everyone! ashford drum carder - carding wool

Here are instructions for your drum carder and how to card to it's fullest potential. Even though drum carders vary a bit from brand to brand, this guide will help you get started no matter what drum carder you own.

Since most spinners own the hand-crank carder, below instructions for written for these, but apply to electric drum carders as well.

Perparing your Fibers for Carding

When carding your fiber it is important that you feed in fibers slowly. These fibers have to be spread out and the individual locks opened. This is important, since if you feed in the fiber in clumps instead it will jam up your machine. Most crafters open the individual locks by hand by pulling them apart. A teasing tool is an alternative that is included with all Strauch drum carders and allows you to pull the fibers across, and so opening the locks.

Carding your Fibers

You are now ready to card. Feed in your fibers slowly into the provided tray and turn the handle slowly clockwise. Make sure that your fibers are distributed evenly across the tray and do not feed too many fiber at one time. You should be able to see the tray thru your fiber. Your fibers will be pulled in by the smaller drum and than transfered to the larger drum. You will notice that shorter fibers and noil will remain mostly on the smaller drum, which is natural.



Taking the fiber off the card clothing is called doffing. Often a doffing rod, or similar device, is used to lift the fiber away from the drum. Most carder manufacturers provide a doffer, but an old, long, steel knitting needle, an old ice pick, or a pinted steel rod will do nicely. (Aluminum knitting needles are not strong enough.) Be sure that your doffer is not so sharp that it damages the backing of the card clothing. I'll describe the doffing of wool, which is a typical long fiber and gives as much difficulty as any substance you will encounter (after wool, cotton is a breeze.) First, turn the loaded drum so that the seam of the card clothing is exposed. This is where the two ends meet and are tacked down, and you'll most likely find a row or two of teeth missing at this point. You might think that you can slide the doffer under the batt and lift up one end. If this is cotton or short wool, you can - but any long fiber will present a dense mat which will not come apart without a struggle. I think it was Caesar who said, "Divide and conquer." So start of the far edge and slide the doffer under an inch or two (2.5 - 5cm) of the batt. Lift this, allowing the fibers to slide apart. Although you may need to pull very hard, don't tear the fibers. If you think damage is imminent, try a smaller amount. Then work your way across the drum until you have opened the entire batt. Now one end of the batt is free, but the rest is still caught in the teeth. If you pull up gently on the loose end while turning the drum backward, most of the fiber will lift away - but not all of it will. The closer you get to the end of the batt, the more fiber will remain in the teeth - often as much as half the thickness at the end. Use the rod to lift the batt away from the drum as you pull the free end of the batt up and back. Note that you can even do this if the teeth on your card clothing are arranged diagonally. To lift away the entire batt, use these motions but repeatedly slide the doffer under the batt about 4 or 5 inches (10 - 12.5 cm) ahead of where it is being lifted free. Lift with the rod, then pull on the loose end. Back up the drum and repeat. In a few moments the batt will lift entirely free of the teeth. A word on doffing mesh. Some people like this way of handling the task. The mesh is an open net that fits the card clothing - you can buy or make one. It is laid into the teeth and pushed all the way down before carding begins. At unloading time, the fibers are loosened at the tail end of the mesh and the mesh is pulled up out of the teeth, bringing the fiber with it.

Between Rounds

You are now ready to re-card, but don't try to feed the entire batt into the carder at once. If you do, your carder will become overloaded, the carding will be incomplete, and the machine will jam. Finally, the poorly carded fiber will be difficult to spin smoothly. After the first carding, the texture of the batt will be uneven, but it will have two characteristics of completely carded batts: the layered arrangement and the lengthwise grain of overlapping fibers. You can use these characteristics to quickly prepare the fiber for the next step. At this point, some people pull a strip from the side of the batt and fluff it into a thin layer. Again, I don't like to spend this much time on the task. In the amount of time it takes to pull off and spread out one strip, you can probably prepare a whole batt with my method. I place my hands on the front and back sides of a batt, and pull it into two halves - imagine that the batt is a magazine, and you are grasping (and crumpling) the back cover and about half the pages (the classified ads) in one hand, and the front cover and about half the introductory pages in the other. Gently pull. Repeat this with each half a couple more times, until you have thin sheets. Now divide each layer in half lengthwise and you are ready to send the fiber back through the carder.

The Second Round

You will now be feeding the fiber through the feeding chute, in the "normal" way. But don't completely rule out the possibility of feeding from the top again - some fibers card better from the top, while some do better from the bottom (the chute). Try both techniques and see what you think. Remember to keep the layers thin, and take the time to pull apart any sections of the divided batt that seem to be too thick. A second invested here can make a big difference in how thoroughly your machine cards. you'll know exactly what is required. probably load to a certain level and then stay there for a long time. If you conscientiously clean it out, it will quickly reload again to that point. So don't spend more time than is really necessary keeping it free from fiber. In any case, unless you have already carded the fiber several times, the stuff on the licker-in will be real junk, dirt, second cuts, and other uglies. Don't be frugal. Pitch it.

Cleaning a drum Carder

This job is even more bothersome than cleaning hand carders, because it takes longer and is more frustrating. Of course, you can leave bits of fluff embedded in the teeth, especially if you always process fibers of similar color and texture. But I advise against this, especially if you have been working on protein fibers-which attract wool moth larvae and carpet beetles. These pests can be transferred in turn to everything you run through the machine. You might as well clean your carder, starting with the licker-in, because it's hard to clean that part without transferring a bunch of stuff onto the swift. Remove the junk batt from the licker-in as you would a regular batt, while doing your best to keep the swift from taking it. Get most of the trash off, but don't bother to get it all - you will have to clean this part again at least once. Now clear the swift of clumps or wisps of fiber by lifting them off with the doffer. There probably will not be enough residue to form a complete layer, but keep sliding the rod deep into the teeth so you can remove as much as possible. Keep pulling the fibers out of the teeth with your free hand - the third one, which is not turning the handle. Or you could use a flicker like drum rake, sometimes supplied with the carder or available for separate purchase. If there is any noticeable amount of fiber in the teeth, however, the doffer is probably the fastest at this point. Now look at the licker-in. What did I tell you? Ignore it for now, until the swift is cleaner. The rake works well at this point for combing through the teeth and lifting out stray bits of fiber. Always comb with the grain of the teeth, and go as deeply into them as you can. Pull the bits of fiber out of the rake as you retrieve them, so they don't get re-deposited. When the swift is fairly clean, go back to the licker-in; then repeat your efforts on the swift, and so forth. A drum carder is a bed that never stays made, but eventually it will be quite clean. And the whole mop-up operation will take only three or four minutes in all. If you want the card clothing really clean - for example, if you are changing colors - there is one more thing to do. Nothing is more frustrating than to go from black wool to white and then discover that the first batts have dark fibers mixed in. To prevent this, I use my secret weapon. That should do it. But if you are, indeed, switching colors, check again in good light - it pays to be paranoid.

Spinning from a Batt

For speed and ease of spinning, I don't think you can beat the little batt from hand cards. That's why I like to hand card my drum-carded batts. However, because I see spinners struggling to spin drum-carded fibers, I want to offer some tips on minimizing the trouble. As in other fiber preparations (such as sliver and roving) where the fibers are laid out in a continuous, overlapping strip, it's difficult to get the fibers in a drum-carded batt properly attenuated before they lock up. There are several ways around this problem. Some spinners work with short pieces of roving or sliver folded over the ends of their index fingers, retaining and controlling the fiber supply with the rest of their fingers. This technique diminishes fiber overlap and makes spinning easier, because the fibers are pulled off the tip of the finger and enter the twist zone folded in half. You can use this method to spin drum-carded batts of medium to long fibers. Pull a narrow strip from the side of the batt and divide in into 3 to 4 inch long segments (7.5 - 10cm), depending on the length of the fibers. Fold a strip over the end of your index finger and hold onto its tail, just as you would a roving. You will have slightly less control than with the standard long draw, and your spinning will be slower, but this works reasonably well if the carding was very thorough. You can also take these segments of a narrow strip and spin them from their ends. Draft off the side of the fiber segment and not straight off its end. This will keep a moderate amount of but manageable. If you want to spin with a long draw, you can use either of these divisions - lengthwise or crosswise. As with roving or sliver, however, do not try to attenuate fibers from the middle of the fiber supply. Instead, tilt most of the fibers away from the twist zone and spin off the bottom or side of the mass. Because the fibers overlap, you will probably need to work father from the twist than you would with a hand-carded batt. And work with a small amount of fiber

by Beverly A Nissen

(SpinOff Magazine)

Courtesy of Interweave Press

Handy Notes for Carding your Wool

If you handle your wool gently, it will often remain in identifiable locks. These can be pulled from the masses and opened before carding. When feeding directly onto the main drum, grasp locks firmly by their cut ends. Allow the teeth of the drum to tease the locks open before you let the fibers escape to be carded.

Here's a suggested grip for the crank: two fingers and a thumb. If you can't turn the handle easily with this arrangement, you are probably trying to force too much fiber through at once. .Stop and regroup. If a clump of fiber escapes your hand, don't force it through the carder. Reverse immediately and remove the excess. If you feel the machine jamming, don't force the handle. Reverse the drum until you see the offending clump of fiber and pull it off. (Because electric carders are more relentless in their operation than hand cranked carders , and jams are harder to prevent of back out of , you need to be much more careful when introducing fiber during this stage.)

Be careful not to feed fibers in sideways, thinking they will straighten out. They eventually will, but only after they have been torn by the teeth.

To remove a batt from the swift, slide a rod along the seam in the carding cloth, under the wool, and pull upon successive small sections until the batt is open all the way across. These signals occur either when the entire drum is full, or when one part of the clothing has been overloaded - in either case, it is time to remove the fiber from the drum.

It's a good idea to know your machine's capacity, so you can set up blending batches that it can handle - not too big, and not too small. Weigh a couple of reasonably sized batts of different kinds of fiber, and compare your intended fibers to these averages.

Some doffers are very thick. If yours is, and your card clothing is fine, you may need to use a knitting needle or other narrow rod in order to doff with ease.

To remove a batt from the swift, slide a rod along the seam in the carding cloth, under the wool, and pull up on successive small sections until the batt is open all the way across. If you remove your batt without the aid of a rod, segments will probably remain stuck in the teeth.

To divide a batt, cluster the fibers into your hands by grasping the flat sides (front and back), not the edges. To complete this action, the remaining hand mirrors this action with the fibers of the other side of the batt. Note that you grasp the middle of the batt, not its end.

Working with thin layers of fiber facilitates thorough carding and prevents damage to the fiber and the equipment. Distribute fibers evenly across the drum, gradually adding layers until the drum is full. Retard the fiber's entry slightly as you work. You can do this by holding the fiber gently and giving quick little tugs to thin out any thicker portions. You can also slow down the fiber's entry by laying a hand lightly on it. You can also use a pet brush or rake to clean the swift.

If you want to spin from the fold, pull a short segment from t he side of a well-carded batt. Spinning from the fold isn't limited to use with sliver. If you spin from the end of a segment, keep the drafting zone to one side, not in the middle. This will help you avoid thick concentrations of fiber. Happy Carding! :-)

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