Juan León Mera

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Juan León Mera
Juan Leon Mera
Born Juan León Mera Martínez
(1832-06-28)June 28, 1832
Ambato, Ecuador
Died December 13, 1894 (1894-12-14) (aged 62)
Ambato, Ecuador
Occupation Essayist, Novelist, Politician, Painter
Language Spanish
Nationality Ecuadorian
Notable works Cumandá (1879) a novel, "Salve, Oh Patria" (1865) the National Anthem of Ecuador

Juan León Mera Martínez (June 28, 1832 – December 13, 1894) was an Ecuadorian essayist, novelist, politician and painter. His best-known works are the Ecuadorian National Hymn and the novel Cumandá (1879). Additionally, in his political career, he was a functionary of president Gabriel García Moreno.[1]


He was born on Ambato on June 28, 1832 and died in the same city on December 13, 1894. His father, Pedro Antonio Mera Gómez was a businessman while his mother Josefa Martínez Vásconez, raised her only son alone due to the fact that he abandoned her during her pregnancy.[2] His infancy was humble while during his first years of life he lived at the “Los Molinos” country property, located in Ambato. In order to support the family his maternal grandmother rented the property to her brother Pablo Vásconez, who was a political activist who fought against the politics of Juan José Flores. León Mera received his education at home, which in large part was carried out by great-uncle as well as his uncle Nicolás Martínez who was a doctor.[2] At the age of twenty he traveled to Quito to study painting with the noted pictural artist Antonio Salas, where he learned how to paint oil and watercolor.[2] At the age of 33, he and Antonio Neumane created the Ecuadorian National Hymn, "salve, Oh patria". Juan Leon Mera's son José Trajano Mera (1862 – 1919) became a poet, playwright and diplomat,


In the year 1854, he published his first verses of poetry in the newspaper La Democracia, with the help of writer Miguel Riofrío.[2] He founded the Ecuadorian Academy of language in 1874 and was a member of the Real Academia Española.[1]

He is considered one of the precursors of Ecuadorian literature for his famous national novel Cumandá which shows the complicated racial and social intricacies of Ecuador following independence. It was published in Quito in the year 1879 and later in Madrid in 1891. This novel was later utilized by Ecuadorian dramaturgists of the 20th century Luis H. Salgado (1903–1977), Pedro Pablo Traversari Salazar (1874–1956) and Sixto María Durán Cárdenas (1875–1947) to each write an opera.

Political career[edit]

In addition to being a writer and painter he was a political conservative and follower of Gabriel García Moreno.[1] He was the governor of Cotopaxi, Secretary of the Council of State, Senator, President of the Cámara del Senado and National Congress. His former residence, the museum "La quinta de Juan León Mera", in the city of Ambato, exhibits his possessions.[3]


Year of Publication Literary work
1857 Fantasías
1857 Afectos íntimos
1858 Melodías indígenas
1858 Poesías
1861 La virgen del sol
1865 Himno Nacional del Ecuador
1868 Ojeada histórico-crítica sobre la poesía ecuatoriana
1872 Los novios de una aldea ecuatoriana
1875 Mazorra
1879 Cumandá o un drama entre salvajes
1883 Los últimos momentos de Bolívar
1884 La dictadura y la restauración de la República del Ecuador
1887 Lira ecuatoriana
1889 Entre dos tías y un tío
1890 Porqué soy cristiano
1892 Antología ecuatoriana: cantares del pueblo
1903 Tijeretazos y plumadas
1904 García Moreno
1909 Novelitas ecuatorianas


  1. ^ a b c "Juan León Mera". Biografía. Retrieved 4 April 2008. 
  2. ^ a b c d Pérez, Rodolfo. "Juan León Mera Martínez". Diccionario biográfico Ecuador (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 May 2008. 
  3. ^ Pinto, Wilson (16 July 2007). "Trabajos en quinta de Mera". El Universo (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 May 2009. 

Works based on his novels[edit]

Three operas have been based on Juan León Mera's novel Cumandá:

* Cumandá, una ópera de Luis H. Salgado
* Cumandá, una ópera de Sixto María Durán Cárdenas
* Cumandá o la virgen de las selvas una ópera de Pedro Pablo Traversari Salazar