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Geophysics is the branch of the Earth sciences which is studies the physical pehenomena which are relevant to the structure, physical conditions and evolutionary history of the Earth as a whole.

Topics of interest include:

  • Seismology - the study of earthquakes and the shock waves that they produce
  • Gravity - the gravity field and rotation of the earth
  • Magnetics - the magnetic field of the earth and how it varies in strength and orientation
  • Temperature gradients and heat flow
  • Electromagnetic effects
  • Natural radioactivity
  • Oceanography - the physical aspects of the world's seas and oceans
  • Meteorology

Many of the techniques used in geophysics have commercial applications in geophysical prospecting for oil & gas, minerals and water.

Near-surface techniques have applications in archaeology and ennvironmental studies.