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Gaya mindeng digambarkeun salaku dorongan atawa tarikan. Dorongan atawa tarikan ieu bisa dibalukarkeun ku fénomena saperti gravitasi, magnétisme, atawa hal séjén anu ngabalukarkeun hiji obyék gerak tambah gancang atawa tambah laun.
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Dina fisika, gaya téh nyaéta tarikan atawa dorongan anu bisa ngabalukarkeun hiji obyék nu boga massa diakselerasi (gerak tambah gancang atawa tambah laun).[1] Gaya boga badag jeung arah tujuan, anu ngajadikeun gaya salaku kuantitas véktor. Nurutkeun Hukum gerak Newton kadua, hiji obyék kalayan massa nu tetep bakal diakselerasi (tambah gancang atawa tambah laun gerakna]] proporsional jeung gaya beresih (néto) anu nimpah kana éta obyék sarta babanding tibalik jeung massana. Gaya anu nimpah kana obyék tilu diménsi bisa ogé ngabalukarkeun obyék kasebut muter atawa ngalaman deformasi, atawa ngahasilkeun parobahan tekenan. Kacondongan hiji gaya pikeun ngabalukarkeun puteran (akselerasi sudut) sabudeureun hiji sumbu disebut torsi. Deformasi jeung tekenan mangrupakeun hasil tina gaya-gaya strés dina jero hiji obyék.[2][3]

Panneau travaux.png Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris.
Bantosanna diantos kanggo narjamahkeun.

Since antiquity, scientists have used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects. These studies culminated with the descriptions made by the third century BC philosopher Archimedes of how simple machines functioned. The rules Archimedes determined for how forces interact in simple machines are still a part of physics.[4] Earlier descriptions of forces by Aristotle incorporated fundamental misunderstandings which would not be corrected until the seventeenth century by Isaac Newton.[3] Newtonian descriptions of forces remained unchanged for nearly three hundred years.

Current understanding of quantum mechanics and the standard model of particle physics associates forces with the fundamental interactions accompanying the emission or absorption of gauge bosons. Only four fundamental interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.[2] High-energy particle physics observations made during the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of a unified electroweak interaction.[5] Einstein in his theory of general relativity explained that gravity is an attribute of the curvature of space-time.

Pre-Newtonian concepts[édit | édit sumber]

Aristotle famously described a force as anything which causes an object to undergo "unnatural motion"




Newtonian mechanics[édit | édit sumber]

Crystal Clear app xmag.svg
 Artikel utama: Newton's laws of motion.

Isaac Newton is the first person known to explicitly state the first, and the only, mathematical definition of force—as the time-derivative of momentum: \vec{F} = \frac{\mathrm{d}\vec{p}}{\mathrm{dt}}. In 1687, Newton went on to publish his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which used concepts of inertia, force, and conservation to describe the motion of all objects.[3][9] In this work, Newton set out three laws of motion that to this day are the way forces are described in physics.[9]

Though Sir Isaac Newton's most famous equation is F=ma, he actually wrote down a different form for his second law of motion that used differential calculus.

References[édit | édit sumber]

  1. "glossary". Earth Observatory. NASA. Diakses pada 9 April 2008. "Force: Any external agent that causes a change in the motion of a free body, or that causes stress in a fixed body." 
  2. a b e.g. Feynman, R. P., Leighton, R. B., Sands, M. (1963). Lectures on Physics, Vol 1. Addison-Wesley. ; Kleppner, D., Kolenkow, R. J. (1973). An introduction to mechanics. McGraw-Hill. .
  3. a b c University Physics, Sears, Young & Zemansky, pp18–38
  4. a b Heath,T.L.. "The Works of Archimedes (1897). The unabridged work in PDF form (19 MB)". Diakses pada 14 Oktober 2007. 
  5. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama final_theory
  6. Land, Helen The Order of Nature in Aristotle's Physics: Place and the Elements (1998)

Bibliography[édit | édit sumber]

  • Cutnell, John d.; Johnson, Kenneth W. (2004). Physics, Sixth Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 041-44895-8 Cék ajén |isbn= (help). 
  • Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics (5th ed. ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0809-4. 
  • Verma, H.C. (2004). Concepts of Physics Vol 1. (2004 Reprint ed.). Bharti Bhavan. ISBN 81-7709-187-5. 

Tumbu luar[édit | édit sumber]