Diabetes Glossary






The main source of fuel for the body. Carbohydrate includes starches and sugars and is found in bread, pasta, fruits, vegetables, milk, and sweets. Carbs are broken down into a sugar called glucose.

Carbohydrate counting


Cell Membrane

The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it.


Are a class of enzymes in the body specifically dependent on copper for life. This group affects a diverse group bodily functions. According to the Linus Pauling Institute, lysyl oxidase creates the marriage between collagen and elastin to create connective tissues. Ferroxidases I and II oxidizes iron to be included in red blood cells. The central nervous system, and hair, skin and eye pigmentation are also affected.

Diabetes Educator



A doctor who specializes in diseases of the endocrine system such as diabetes.

Fasting Blood Glucose Test


Free Radical




Glucose meter

A device that measures one’s blood glucose levels.

Hypoglycemia – low blood glucose

A blood glucose below 80 mg/dl

Hyperglycemia – high blood glucose

A blood glucose level above 100 mg/dl



Insulin Resistance

A condition that makes it harder for the cells to properly use insulin.

Lifestyle Changes

Changes made to one’s eating habits and physical activity in order to control blood glucose.

Metabolic Syndrome

A combination of medical conditions that places one at risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Diagnostic criteria include the presence of three or more of the following conditions:
· Abdominal obesity (waist circumference: ≥40 inches [102 cm] for men, ≥35 inches [88 cm] for women)
· Elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL)
· High blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg)
· Glucose intolerance/insulin resistance (fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dL)
· Decreased HDL cholesterol (

Oxidative Stress








SMBG (self-monitoring of blood glucose)

Checking your blood glucose with a blood glucose meter.