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Presentation on theme: "is the engineering science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to electronics,"— Presentation transcript:


2 is the engineering science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to electronics, mechanics, and software. robots electronicsmechanicssoftware The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in The first recorded use of the term was by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!"Isaac AsimovLiar!

3 fully autonomous machines onlyappeared in the 20th century, although stories of artificial helper and companions and attempts to create them has a long story. Unimate-first digitally operated and programmable robot. Unimate Installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metals from die casting machine.

4 Today, Commercial and Industrial Robots are used for: Manufacturing Assembly and Packing Transport Earth and Space Explorations Surgery Weaponry Laboratory Research Safety; and Mass Production of Consumer and Industrial Goods. employed in jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans.

5 First century A.D. and earlier Descriptions of more than 100 machines and automata, including a fire engine, a wind organ, a coin-operated machine, and a steam-powered engine, in Pneumatica and Automata by Heron of Alexandria Invented by Ctesibius, Philo of Byzantium, Heron of Alexandria, and others

6 1206 programmable Humanoid Automatons Boat with four musicians Al-Jazari 1495 Designs for a humanoid robot Mechanical knight Leonardo da Vinci

7 1738 Mechanical duck that was able to eat, flap its wings, and excrete Digesting Duck Jacques de Vaucanson 1800s Japanese mechanical toys that served tea, fired arrows, and painted Karakuri toys Tanaka Hisashige

8 1921 First fictional automatons called "robots" appear in the play R.U.R. Rossum's Universal Robots Karel Čapek 1930s Humanoid robot exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's FairsWorld's Fairs Elektro Westinghouse Electric Corporation

9 1948 Simple robots exhibiting biological behaviors Elsie and Elmer William Grey Walter 1956 First commercial robot, from the Unimation company founded by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger, based on Devol's patentsGeorge Devol Joseph Engelberger Unimate George Devol

10 1961 First installed industrial robot Unimate George Devol 1963 First palletizing robot Palletizer Fuji Yusoki Kogyo

11 1973 First industrial robot with six electromechanically driven axesindustrial robot Famulus KUKA Robot Group 1975 Programmable universal manipulation arm, a Unimation product PUMA Victor Scheinman

12 Robots capable of manual labour tasks Robots robots that perform searching and fetching tasks in unmodified library environment, Professor Angel del Pobil (University Jaume I, Spain), 2004libraryAngel del Pobil every South Korean household will have a robot and many European, The Ministry of Information and Communication (South Korea), robots will routinely carry out surgery, South Korea government intelligent robots that sense their environment, make decisions, and learn are used in 30% of households and organizations – TechCast robots capable of performing at human level at most manual jobs Marshall Brain.Marshall Brain robots (home automation systems) performing most household tasks, Helen Greiner, Chairman of iRobot.home automationHelen GreineriRobot

13 Military robots one third of US fighting strength will be composed of robots - US Department of Defense, first completely autonomous robot soldiers in operation - US Department of Defense, first completely autonomous robot flying car in operation - US Department of Technology, 2007

14 Developments related to robotics from the Japan NISTEP 2030 report :NISTEP agricultural robots (AgRobots).agricultural robots robots that care for the elderly 2017 medical robots performing low- invasive surgerymedical robots household robots with full use.household robots NanorobotsNanorobots TranshumanismTranshumanism

15 Mechanical or Kenimatic Chain Functionality being similar to Skeleton of Human Body. Formed of links (its bones) ActuatorsI (its muscles) Joints which can allow one or more degress of Freedom. However, the development and use of such structures in robots is an active area of research (e.g. biomechanics). Robots used as manipulators have an end effector mounted on the last link. This end effector can be anything from a welding device to a mechanical hand used to manipulate the environment. biomechanicsweldinghand

16 At present; mostly (lead-acid) batteries are used, but potential power sources could be: pneumatic (compressed gases) hydraulics (compressed liquids) flywheel energy storage organic garbages (through anaerobic digestion) feces (human, animal); may be interesting in a military context as feces of small combat groups may be reused for the energy requirements of the robot assistant (see DEKA's project Slingshot stirling engine on how the system would operate) still untested energy sources (eg Joe Cell,...) radioactive source (such as with the proposed Ford car of the '50); to those proposed in movies such as Red Planet



19 Elastic nanotubes: These are a promising, early-stage experimental technology. The absence of defects in nanotubes enables these filaments to deform elastically by several percent, with energy storage levels of perhaps 10 J/cm 3 for metal nanotubes. Human biceps could be replaced with an 8 mm diameter wire of this material. Such compact "muscle" might allow future robots to outrun and outjump humans.nanotubesJ


21 When the artificial skin touches an object the fluid path around the electrodes is deformed, producing impedance changes that map the forces received from the object. In 2009, scientists from several European countries and Israel developed a prosthetic hand, called SmartHand, which functions like a real one, allowing patients to write with it, type on a keyboard, play piano and perform other fine movements. The prosthesis has sensors which enable the patient to sense real feeling in its fingertipsEuropean countriesIsraelprosthetic


23 Mechanical Grippers: One of the most common effectors is the gripper. In its simplest manifestation it consists of just two fingers which can open and close to pick up and let go of a range of small objects. See industrial robot end effectors. Vacuum Grippers: Pick and place robots for electronic components and for large objects like car windscreens, will often use very simple vacuum grippers. These are very simple astrictive devices, but can hold very large loads provided the prehension surface is smooth enough to ensure suction. General purpose effectors: Some advanced robots are beginning to use fully humanoid hands, like the Shadow Hand, MANUS, and the Schunk hand. These highly dexterous manipulators, with as many as 20 degrees of freedom and hundreds of tactile sensors.

24 Rolling robots For simplicity, most mobile robots have four wheels. However, some researchers have tried to create more complex wheeled robots, with only one or two wheels. wheels Two-wheeled balancing: While the Segway is not commonly thought of as a robot, it can be thought of as a component of a robot. Several real robots do use a similar dynamic balancing algorithm, and NASA's Robonaut has been mounted on a Segway.SegwayNASARobonaut



27 ZMP Technique The Zero Moment Point (ZMP) is the algorithm used by robots such as Honda's ASIMO. The robot's onboard computer tries to keep the total inertial forces (the combination of earth's gravity and the acceleration and deceleration of walking), exactly opposed by the floor reaction force (the force of the floor pushing back on the robot's foot). In this way, the two forces cancel out, leaving no moment (force causing the robot to rotate and fall over). However, this is not exactly how a human walks, and the difference is quite apparent to human observers, some of whom have pointed out that ASIMO walks as if it needs the lavatory. ASIMO's walking algorithm is not static, and some dynamic balancing is used (See below). However, it still requires a smooth surface to walk on.Zero Moment PointHondaASIMO inertial forcesgravityaccelerationreaction forcemomentlavatory






33 Skating A small number of skating robots have been developed, one of which is a multi-mode walking and skating device, Titan VIII. It has four legs, with unpowered wheels, which can either step or roll. Another robot, Plen, can use a miniature skateboard or rollerskates, and skate across a desktop.skatingTitan VIII





38 The mechanical structure of a robot must be controlled to perform tasks. The control of a robot involves three distinct phasesmechanical perception processing action (robotic paradigms).robotic paradigms



41 Control systems may also have varying levels of autonomy. Direct interaction is used for haptic or tele-operated devices, and the human has nearly complete control over the robot's motion.haptic Operator-assist modes have the operator commanding medium-to-high-level tasks, with the robot automatically figuring out how to achieve them. An autonomous robot may go for extended periods of time without human interaction. Higher levels of autonomy do not necessarily require more complex cognitive capabilities. For example, robots in assembly plants are completely autonomous, but operate in a fixed pattern.

42 An other classification takes in account the interaction between human control and the machine motions. Teleoperation. A human controls each movement, each machine actuator chance is specified by the operator. Supervisory. A human specifies general moves or positions changes and the machine decides specifics movements of its actuators. Task-level autonomy. The operator specifies only the task and the robot manage itself to complain for it. Fully autonomy. The machine will create and complete all its tasks without human interaction.


44 Direct dynamics refers to the calculation of accelerations in the robot once the applied forces are known. Direct dynamics is used in computer simulations of the simulations Inverse dynamics refers to the calculation of the actuator forces necessary to create a prescribed end effector acceleration. This information can be used to improve the control algorithms of a robot. Inverse dynamics


46 HUMANOIDS ROBOTS LARA First Female Humanoid Robot with Artificial Muscles instead of Electric Motors. AsimoAsimo - one of the most advanced projects as of 2009.

47 MODULAR ROBOTS-robots can be built from standard building blocks that can be combined in different ways. Utility fog M-Tran - a snake-like modular robot that uses genetic algorithms to evolve walking programs M-Tran Self replicating robots - modular robots that can produce copies of themselves using existing blocks. Self replicating robots Swarmanoid is a project that uses 3 specialized classes of robots (footbots, handbots and eyebots) to create an effective swarm. Such swarm should be able, for example, to tidy a bedroom with each robot doing what it is best at.swarm Self-Reconfiguring Modular Robotics


49 Caterpillar plans to develop remote controlled machines and expects to develop fully autonomous heavy robots by Some cranes already are remote controlled. Caterpillarcranes It was demonstrated that a robot can perform a herding task.herding Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing (since 1960s). In auto industry they can amount for more than half of the "labor". There are even "lights off" factories such as an IBM keyboard manufacturing factory in Texas that are 100% automated. Robots such as HOSPI are used as couriers in hospitals, etc. Other hospital tasks performed by robots are receptionists, guides and porters helpers, (not to mention surgical robot helpers such as Da Vinci)couriers surgical robot Robots can serve as waiters and cooks.waiters

50 Given that in the next two decades robots will be capable of replacing humans in most manufacturing and service jobs, economic development will be primarily determined by the advancement of robotics. Given Japan's current strength in this field, it may well become the economic leader in the next 20 years. Marshall Brain also discusses the emergence of robotic economy. Organisations such as The Zeitgeist Movement advocate fully harnessing robotics to automate all unwanted jobs, thus eliminating many social ills produced by a economic inequality and creating a new resource-based economy. roboticsThe Zeitgeist Movement

51 Today's market is not fully mature. One or more software compatibility layers have yet to emerge to allow the development of a rich robotics ecosystem (similar to today's personal computers one). Microsoft is currently working in this direction with its new software Microsoft Robotics Studio. Other candidates to reach this goal might be Free Software solutions such as Player/Stage or cross-platform technologies such as URBI.Microsoft Robotics StudioFree Software Player/StageURBI

52 According to research commissioned by the UK Office of Science and Innovation's Horizon Scanning Centre, robots could one day demand the same citizen's rights as humans. The study also warns that the rise of robots could put a strain on resources and the environment.


54 THANK YOU FOR LESTINING... Arnulfo Joebert Buentiempo Ortua Bachelor of Arts in Communication 2A YM:


56 1.The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer ___________in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in The first recorded use of the term was by ______________ in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!.Liar! QUIZ 1.The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer ___________in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in The first recorded use of the term was by ______________ in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!.

57 3.Robots are widely used in,

58 4.Enumerate 5 methods of LOCOMOTION of Robots

59 5. Enumerate 4 Types of Robots Enumerate 5 ways of Human Robot Interaction

60 7.Enumerate the 4 Methods that can be tried for Robot to Walk Enumerate at least 5 power source that can be used for Robots

61 9-10. BUNOS....


63 1. Karel Čapek 2. Isaac Asimov 3. 1.Manufacturing 2.Assembly and Packing 3.Transport 4.Earth and Space Exploration 5.Surgery 6.Weaponry 7.Laboratory Research 8.Safety 9.Mass Production of Consumers and Industrial Goods

64 4.1.Rolling Robots 2.Walking 3.Flying 4.Snaking 5.Skating Climbing Swimming 5.1.Humanoids 2.Modular Robots 3.Educational Toy Robots 4.Sports Robot 6.1.Gestures 2.Speech Recognition 3.Facial Expression 4.Artificial Emotions 5.Personality 7.1.ZMP Technique 2.Hopping 3.Dynamic Balancing 4.Passive Dynamics 8.1. pneumatic (compressed gases) 2.hydraulics (compressed liquids) 3.flywheel energy storage garbages (through anaerobic digestion) 5.feces (human, animal); may be interesting in a military context as feces of small combat groups may be reused for the energy requirements of the robot assistant (see DEKA's project Slingshot stirling engine on how the system would operate) 6.still untested energy sources (eg Joe Cell,...) 7.radioactive source (such as with the proposed Ford car of the '50); to those proposed in movies such as Red Planet BUNOS

65 tHaTS aLl fOLkS tHaNk yoU


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