behavior modification

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Behavior Modification:

Behavior Modification Munavar AIIM


Behavior modification is a treatment approach, based on the principles of operant conditioning, that replaces undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones through positive or negative reinforcement . It is the any process derived from learning theory where the goal is to change a person's behavior or the way he or she interacts with the world. Definition

Two main concepts:

it is based on: Classical and Operant Conditioning . Classical conditioning refers to the pairing of naturally occurring stimulus-response chains with other stimuli in order to produce a similar response. Operant conditioning started as an experiment in learning and developed into the Law of Effect and our knowledge of reinforcement, punishment, and extinction Two main concepts

Shaping :

Shaping refers to the reinforcement of behaviors that approximate or come close to the desired new behavior. The procedure for producing new behavior is called shaping. Shaping


4 ways in which to shape behavior Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment Extinction. methods

Positive reinforcement:

If a behavior meets with favorable consequences, it is strengthened and is likely to be repeated. Positive reinforcement results from the application of a positive consequence following a desirable behavior. The operation of presenting a positive reinforcer contingent upon a response is called positive reinforcement Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement:

A behavior responsible for the removal of something undesirable is repeated when that desirable state is encountered again. Negative reinforcement results from withholding a threatened negative consequence when a desirable behavior occur. The operation of removing an aversive stimulus contingent upon a response is called negative reinforcement Negative reinforcement


Used to decrease the undesired behavior. Punishment is causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate an undesirable behavior. It may be used in 2 ways: 1) Punish a person is through the application of a negative consequences. 2) punish a person is through the withholding or withdrawal of a positive consequence punishment


Extinction is eliminating any reinforcement that maintaining a behavior. When behavior is not reinforced, it tends to be gradually extinguished . extinction

characteristics to behavior modification:

There is a strong emphasis on defining problems in terms of behavior that can be measured in some way. The treatment techniques are ways of altering an individual's current environment to help that individual function more fully. The methods and rationales can be described precisely. The techniques are often applied in everyday life. characteristics to behavior modification


The techniques are based largely on principles of learning - specifically operant conditioning and respondent conditioning There is a strong emphasis on scientific demonstration that a particular technique was responsible for a particular behavior change. There is a strong emphasis on accountability for everyone involved in a behavior modification program. Contd …

Ob mod:

It represents the application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting. It is used to improve employee productivity and also to reduce errors, absenteeism, accident rates and to improve friendliness toward customers. Ob mod

5 steps of problem solving model:

Identifying critical behavior Developing baseline data Identifying behavioral consequences Developing and implementing an intervention strategy Evaluating performance improvement 5 steps of problem solving model


Behavior modification has great potential to be used for the good of society and may even be used to eliminate the oppression of some humans by others that has characterized all societies from the drawn of recorded history to the present. Conclusion

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