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Irbil (Arbil [Arab] or Erbil [Turkoman] or Hawler [Kurd]) is located close to the Turkish and Iranian borders, 48 miles (77 km) east of Mosul in the foothills of the mountains that rise to the east. Arbil/Erbil/Irbil (others include Arbela and Hawler) all refer to the same location but vary based on Romanization approaches and linguistic preferences. The largest city in the Kurdish area of Iraq, with more than 500,000 residents, it is a commercial, agricultural, and administrative center. Irbil lives from commerce and administration, and thrives from the local oil industries. The city is the capital of the governate with the same name. The city is situated at the foothill of the mountains in the east. The population is a mixture of Christians and Sunni Muslim Kurds.




The the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) controls Irbil and Dohuk, and its rival Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) administers Sulaymaniyah. By late 2003 Irbil had been renamed Hawler, and everywhere Kurdish signs have replaced those in Arabic.

Camp Zaytun / FOB Zaytun

Camp Zaytun is located near the Irbil International Airport. It is mostly Korean service members at the camp. Their main function is to provide aid in the reconstruction effort. Economic development, as well as educational and medical service programs, constitute a large portion of the Korean mission in the area. Much of this is accomplished through vocational training to local residents.

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