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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type1 diabetes mellitus or IDDM, or juvenile diabetes is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The successive deficiency of insulin leads to increased blood and urine sugar/glucose. The symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia and weight loss occur in case of the same.

The type 1 diabetes proves to be fatal in case of the absence of the artificial insulin, i.e. the external insulin out of which injection is the most common method of controlling it; insulin pumps and inhaled insulin also are some replaceable remedies which have flourished since last two decades. Though pancreatic transplants have been used to treat type 1 diabetes, this method is still undergoing its trial stage and hasn’t achieved total success as yet.

Most of the type1 diabetes sufferers are healthy otherwise. The cause of type 1 diabetes is still not completely found out but it is believed to be of immunological cause. There is also an assumption that is propagating that diet may play an important role in the development of type 1 diabetes, through affecting intestinal permeability and immune function in the intestine. The link is not very apparent but it has been found out that wheat plays some function in budding the type 1 diabetes. The type 1 diabetes mellitus can be differentiated from type 2 diabetes through a C-peptide test, which measures the insulin production in the body.

Treatment must be continual without letting up in all cases of the type1 diabetes. Treatment of the type1 diabetes mellitus does not considerably spoils the normal life structure of a patient if the patient is aware of the usage, the dosage, the awareness and the precautions to be taken while taking insulin. Nevertheless treatment is unbearable and tough to carry for many people. Whether the sugar levels are high or low, the complications accompany both the cases. Low blood sugar may lead to attacks or occurrences of faints and it definitely requires emergency treatment. On the other hand the high blood sugar might lead to increased fatigue and can also result in long term harm to other organs such as eyes and joints.

Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The conventional symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus include:

  • Polyuria (frequent urination),
  • Polydipsia (increased thirst),
  • Polyphagia (increased hunger),
  • Fatigue
  • Increased weight reduction
  • Blood pressure fluctuations.

Since type 1 may even lead to fatal conditions, the symptoms need to be realised and need to be taken care of as early as possible. The ratio of type 1 diabetes is not very high but the conditions it leads to makes one miserable and dependent (on insulin) so much so that it becomes unbearable. If diagnosed on early stages, it might get stable to bearable and normal conditions; not getting any worse or problematic.

Causes of Type 1 Diabetes


According to research, type 1 diabetes mellitus is strongly affected by the environmental factors.  A study of twin babies test also supports the theory that along with the other prior factors, environmental conditions play a vital role in the evolution of the type1 diabetes mellitus.


Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease, i.e. more than one different genes contribute to its appearance. It depends on locus or combination of loci, 0 the disease can be prevailing, recessive, or maybe in the middle. The strongest locus, IDDM1, is located in the MHC Class II region on chromosome 6, at marked region 6p21. This is the reason for the histocompatibility disorder characteristic of type 1: Insulin-producing pancreas cells (beta cells) display unseemly antigens to T cells.


The fundamental cause for the occurrence of type1 diabetes is not yet fully identified. One theory, discussed by DeLisa Fairweather & Noel R. Rose, along with the others, suggests that type1 diabetes is a virally activated auto immune response in which the immune system attacks virus infected cells along with the beta cells in the pancreas. The Coxsackie virus family or German measles is implicated, although the proof remains uncertain. In type 1, pancreatic beta cells in the Islet of Langerhans are destroyed decreasing endogenous insulin production. This distinguishes type 1's origin from type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in which there is a deficiency of the hormone production. The type of diabetes a patient has is determined only by the cause—primarily by whether the patient is insulin resistant (type 2) or insulin deficient without insulin resistance (type 1).

This viral exposure is not known to everyone as everyone infected by the supposed organisms do not develop type1 diabetes. The more suspected cause in fact is the inheritance or the genetic cause, i.e. in the genes. It has been traced to particular HLA genotypes, though the connection between them and the activation of an auto-immune reaction is still not clearly understood.

Many Czech children according to a research have developed the type1 diabetes mellitus due to short breast feeding duration and lack of day care, i.e. the general requisites of a child; the general habits and the general look after of the child.

Some researchers believe that the autoimmune response is also affected by antibodies against cow's milk proteins but no association has been established between auto antibodies, antibodies to cow's milk proteins, and type1 diabetes. A subtype of type1-identifiable by the presence of antibodies against beta cells typically develops slowly and so is often misinterpreted as type 2. Furthermore, a small proportion of type 2 cases manifest a heritable form of the disease called maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

If Vitamin D in doses of 2000 IU is given per day during the first year of a child's life, as been linked in one study in Northern Finland (here the natural production of Vitamin D is low due to lower levels of light and low temperatures) with an 80% reduction in the risk of getting type 1 diabetes later in life. The doubt though of any obscure link remains.

Type 1 diabetes was previously known as juvenile diabetes because it is one of the most frequent constant diseases in children; but now the majority of new-onset type1 diabetes is seen in adults. Scientific studies that use antibody testing (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet cell antibodies (ICA), and insulinoma-associated auto antibodies (IA-2) to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrate that most new-onset type1 diabetes is seen in adults. In type 1 diabetes, the body do not produces insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to maintain normal blood glucose levels (3.6 to 5.8 mM glucose) within the body, when spikes in blood glucose concentration occur. One mechanism by which insulin does such is by causing the liver to take up glucose molecules and convert them to glycogen for storage in the liver.

Some chemicals and drugs preferably destroy pancreatic cells. Pyrinuron (Vacor, N-3-pyridylmethyl-N'-p-nitrophenyl urea), a rodenticide introduced in the United States in 1976, selectively destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in type 1 diabetes after accidental or intentional ingestion. Vacor, a supplement was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1979, but it still prevails in some countries. Zanosar is the trade name for streptozotocin, an antibiotic and antineoplastic agent used in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer; it also kills beta cells, resulting in loss of insulin production. Other pancreatic problems, including trauma, pancreatitis or tumors (either malignant or benign), can also lead to loss of insulin production. The exact causes of type 1 diabetes are not yet fully understood, and research on those mentioned, continue. The disease though makes one vulnerable but it needs to be checked and one needs to be informed thoroughly to fight, overcome and win over it.

Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes

Around one-fourth of people with new type1 diabetes have developed some degree of diabetic ketoacidosis (a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the crumpling of fatty acids and the deamination of amino acids) by the time the diabetes is acknowledged. The diagnosis of other types of diabetes is more often made in other ways. These include ordinary testing of health; detection of hyperglycaemia during other medical examinations and minor symptoms such as vision alterations or unexplainable weariness. Diabetes is often detected when a person suffers a problem that is recurrently caused by diabetes, such as a heart attack, stroke, and neuropathy, poor healing of the wound or a foot sore, certain eye problems, certain fungal infections, or delivering a baby with hypoglycaemia.

If any of the above-listed processes occur recurrently or repeatedly on a different day, in the absence of unequivocal hyperglycaemia, it’s probably of a positive result. As preferred by most physicians, one has to measure a fasting glucose level because of the ease of measurement and the substantial time obligation of formal glucose tolerance testing, which takes two hours to complete and offers no analytical advantage over the fasting test. According to the current definition, two fasting glucose measurements above 126 mg/dL are considered indicative for diabetes mellitus.

The patients with fasting glucose levels from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) are considered to have weakened fasting glucose. Patients with plasma glucose at or above 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), but not over 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), two hours after a 75 g oral glucose load are considered to have impaired glucose tolerance. Out of these two pre-diabetic states, the latter in particular is a principal risk factor for succession of developed diabetes mellitus as well as cardiovascular disease.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by recurring or persistent hyperglycaemia, and is diagnosed by representing any one of the following:

  2. Fasting plasma glucose level at or above 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL).
  4. Glycated haemoglobin (haemoglobin A1C) at or above 6.5. (This criterion was recommended by the American Diabetes Association in 2010; it has yet to be adopted by the WHO.)
  5. Symptoms of hyperglycaemia and casual plasma glucose at or above 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).

Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes

If you or someone in your family has Type 1 diabetes, risk is known to depend upon a genetic predilection based on HLA types, an unknown environmental trigger (suspected to be an infection, although none has proven definitive in all cases), and an uncontrolled autoimmune response that attacks the insulin producing beta cells. Although there is no way to prevent type1 diabetes, there are certain steps one can take to lower a child’s risk. Some research has suggested that breastfeeding decreased the risk in later life; various other nutritional risk factors are being studied, but no firm evidence has been found. Also, a Caucasian research showed that children who developed type1 diabetes are more likely had cow’s milk as an infant, and children who do not develop this type of diabetes are more likely to have been utterly breast fed. Therefore, breast feeding is recommended for the children who have parents or siblings with type 1 diabetes, and limiting the child’s intake of cow’s milk. Giving children 2000 IU of Vitamin D during their first year of life is associated with reduced risk of type 1 diabetes, though the casual relationship is obscure.

Genetic and, as yet undefined, environmental factors act together to precipitate the disease. The excess mortality associated with the complications of typ1 diabetes and the increasing incidence of childhood type 1diabetes emphasizes the importance of therapeutic strategist to prevent this chronic disorder. Different strands of diabetes research are coming together to suggest therapeutic targets. Islet cell and auto antibody tests make it possible to accurately identify people at risk of future disease. Although no current care exists, recent genetic data and preliminary trial results suggest t cells have target for preventive strategies. Another potentially attainable target is induction of tolerance to the beta cells protein such as insulin that is inappropriately recognised. Other strategies involve beta cell replacements in the pancreas or the pancreas transplant, but currently there are insufficient donors available for the same.

Before safe and rational therapies can be offered in a clinical setting, a detailed understanding of the immune mediated process that results in type1 diabetes is required, as is the accurate identification of those at the risk of disease. The immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes has become the model upon which other complex disorders are studied.

People with type1 diabetes can help prevent or delay the development of complications by keeping their blood sugar in a targeted range. They also need regular medical assays to notice early signs of difficulties. If complications are treated early, the harm may be ceased, slowed down, or possibly overturned. People who have other health problems along with diabetes, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol need to treat those conditions too. Also, non smokers can decrease the danger of complications. Having other health problems can increase the risk of complications from diabetes. Avoiding obesity can also be help.

Management of Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes describes a condition in which the pancreas is no longer able to produce enough hormonal agents called insulin due to the obliteration of pancreatic beta cells by an auto immune system. It is a condition which occurs principally in younger people from childhood to young adolescents and in recent generation, particularly up to 5 years of age group of people.

The flourishing management of a diabetic patient depends on the working in partnership with the patient as well as the team that is responsible for the care of the patient (clinical or family). Before setting a particular management plan for a type1 diabetic patient, it is important to do all the prior assessments and tests required to set the plan in an intended way. It also depends on the lifestyle of the patient.

Type 1 is generally treated with insulin replacement therapy. Usually by insulin injection or insulin pump, along with consideration to nutritional management, typically including carbohydrate count, and careful scrutinizing of blood glucose levels using gluco-meters. Today the most common insulins are biosynthetic products produced using genetic recombination techniques; formerly, cattle or pig insulins were used, and even sometimes insulin from fish.

Generally untreated type 1 diabetes leads to coma, often from diabetic ketoacidosis, which is fatal if untreated. Continuous glucose monitors have been developed and marketed which can alert patients to the presence of dangerously high or low blood sugar levels.

Extreme cases can get cured by a pancreas transplant which restores proper glucose regulation. However, the surgery and accompanying immuno suppression required is considered by many physicians to be more dangerous than continued insulin replacement therapy, and is therefore often used only as a last option. Experimental replacement of beta cells is being investigated in several research programs. Thus far, beta cell replacement has only been performed on patients over the age of 18 years.

Diabeta Plus - Effective herbal remedy to control sugar level

This herbal blend called Diabeta plus is going to work slowly. Diabeta plus is not going to lower down sugar immediately or cause hypoglycemia. The effects are slow but sustained and can be monitored. Over the period of time, You may need to reduce the dosage of your other drugs, supplements or herbs for diabetes being used.



Herbs in Diabeta Plus


Ingredients of Diabeta Plus

S. No. Herb Used Latin Name Quantity
1. Gurmaar Gymnema sylvestrae 150 mg
2 Karela Momordica charantia 150 mg
3. Saptrangi Salacia oblonga 50 mg
4. Vizaysaar Pterocarpus marsupium 50 mg
5. Ashwagandha Withania somnifera 50 mg
6. Tulsi Ocimum tenuiflorum 50 mg

Ingredients of Diabeta Plus

1. Gurmaar (Gymnema sylvestrae)


2. Karela (Momordica charantia)


3. Vizaysaar (Pterocarpus marsupium)


4. Saptrangi (Salacia oblonga)


5. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)


6. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)





Where to buy Diabeta Plus?

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Diabetic Neuropathy

Ashwagandha and Shilajit Capsules are some other herbal supplements which can be used along with Diabeta Plus to combat diabetic neuropathy. Neuropathy responds quickly to this herbal combination. Ashwagandha is used 500 mg capsules in twice daily dosage to combat Diabetic Neuropathy effectively and other complications of diabetes.

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