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Theories of reading

By ArulNehru

Reading Theory 1

Added: December 28, 2011 18:11:29

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Theories of reading

Theories of reading
1 1. The traditional view
1.1 knowledge of linguistic features is also necessary for comprehension
1.2 focused on the printed form of a text
1.3 Dole et al. (1991) novice readers acquire a set of hierarchically ordered sub-skills that sequentially build toward comprehension ability
1.3.1 readers - experts who comprehend what they read.
1.4 1. Readers ==> passive recipients
1.5 2. Nunan (1991)
1.5.1 'bottom-up' reading decoding a series of written symbols into aural equivalents in the quest for making sense.
1.6 3. McCarthy (1999)
1.6.1 'outside-in' processing meaning exists in the printed page and is interpreted by the reader then taken in.
1.7 4. insufficient and defective that it relies on the formal features of the language, mainly words and structure.
1.8 over-reliance on structure
2 2. The cognitive view
2.1 enhanced the role of background knowledge in addition to what appeared on the printed page
2.2 The 'top-down' model. According to Nunan (1991) and Dubin and Bycina (1991), the psycholinguistic model of reading and the top-down model are in exact concordance.
2.3 1. Goodman (1967; cited in Paran, 1996) a psycholinguistic guessing game.
2.3.1 a process in which readers sample the text, make hypotheses, confirm or reject them, make new hypotheses, and so forth. the reader rather than the text is at the heart of the reading process.
2.4 2. The schema theory of reading
2.4.1 Rumelhart (1977) schemata as "building blocks of cognition" which are used in the process of interpreting sensory data, in retrieving information from memory, in organising goals and subgoals, in allocating resources, in guiding the flow of the processing system.
2.5 3. Rumelhart (1977) if our schemata are incomplete and do not provide an understanding of the incoming data from the text.
2.6 emphasize the interactive nature of reading and the constructive nature of comprehension
2.7 Dole et al. (1991) a set of flexible, adaptable strategies are used to make sense of a text and to monitor ongoing understanding.
3 3. The metacognitive view
3.1 based on the control and manipulation
3.3 Metacognition involves thinking about what one is doing while reading. Klein et al. (1991)-- strategic readers attempt
3.3.1 1. Identifying the purpose of the reading before reading
3.3.2 2. Identifying the form or type of the text before reading
3.3.3 3. the general character and features of the form or type of the text.
3.3.4 4. Projecting the author's purpose for writing the text (while reading it),
3.3.5 5. Choosing, scanning, or reading in detail
3.4 attempt to form a summary of what was read.
3.4.1 reader to be able to classify sequence establish whole-part relationships compare and contrast determine cause-effect summarise hypothesise and predict infer and conclude.
4 Conclusion
4.1 three consecutive stages
4.1.1 before reading
4.1.2 during reading
4.1.3 after reading
5 Further reading
7 http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/theories-reading