S07AAF (PDF version)
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NAG Library Manual

NAG Library Routine Document



+ Contents

    1  Purpose
    7  Accuracy

1  Purpose

S07AAF returns the value of the circular tangent, tanx, via the function name.

2  Specification

REAL (KIND=nag_wp) S07AAF
REAL (KIND=nag_wp)  X

3  Description

S07AAF calculates an approximate value for the circular tangent of its argument, tanx. It is based on the Chebyshev expansion
where - π4<θ< π4  and -1 <t<+1 ,   t=2 4θ π 2-1 .
The reduction to the standard range is accomplished by taking
where N is an integer and -π4<θ<π4 ,
i.e., θ=x- 2xπ π2  where N = 2x π = ​ the nearest integer to ​ 2x π .
From the properties of tanx it follows that
tanx= tanθ, Neven -1/tanθ, Nodd

4  References


5  Parameters

1:     X – REAL (KIND=nag_wp)Input
On entry: the argument x of the function.
2:     IFAIL – INTEGERInput/Output

6  Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
The routine has been called with an argument that is larger in magnitude than F; the default result returned is zero. The value of F is given in the Users' Note for your implementation.
The routine has been called with an argument that is too close (as determined using the relative tolerance F) to an odd multiple of π/2, at which the function is infinite; the routine returns a value with the correct sign but a more or less arbitrary but large magnitude (see Section 7). The value of F is given in the Users' Note for your implementation.

7  Accuracy

ε2x sin2x δ.
That is a relative error in the argument, x, is amplified by at least a factor 2x/sin2x in the result.
Similarly if E is the absolute error in the result this is given by
Excos2x δ.
The equalities should hold if δ is greater than the machine precision (δ is a result of data errors etc.) but if δ is simply the round-off error in the machine it is possible that internal calculation rounding will lose an extra figure.
The graphs below show the behaviour of these amplification factors.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
In the principal range it is possible to preserve relative accuracy even near the zero of tanx at x=0 but at the other zeros only absolute accuracy is possible. Near the infinities of tanx both the relative and absolute errors become infinite and the routine must fail (error 2).
If N is odd and θxF2 the routine could not return better than two figures and in all probability would produce a result that was in error in its most significant figure. Therefore the routine fails and it returns the value
-signθ 1xF2 -signθtanπ2-xF2
which is the value of the tangent at the nearest argument for which a valid call could be made.
Accuracy is also unavoidably lost if the routine is called with a large argument. If x>F1 the routine fails (error 1) and returns zero. (See the Users' Note for your implementation for specific values of F1 and F2.)

8  Further Comments


9  Example


9.1  Program Text

Program Text (s07aafe.f90)

9.2  Program Data

Program Data (s07aafe.d)

9.3  Program Results

Program Results (s07aafe.r)

S07AAF (PDF version)
S Chapter Contents
S Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

© The Numerical Algorithms Group Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2012