Anatomy II Final 2

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Anatomy II Final 2
2010-04-07 11:27:23

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  1. Which lung has a cardiac notch?
  2. What is the name for the surfaces of the lungs that are near the thoracic wall (as opposed to the surgaces that are in the middle near the heart)?
    Costal surface
  3. What is the name for the structure represented by the close relationship between the simple squamous epithelium of the alveolar walls and the simple squamous epithelium of the pulmonary capillaries through which gas exchange occurs?
    Respiratory membrane
  4. Which pairing of structural elements of the walls is correct?
    A. trachea: circular cartilage rings
    B. segmental bronchi: smooth muscle
    C. respiratory bronchiole: smooth muscle
    D. bronchioles: c-shaped cartilage rings
    C. Respiratory bronchiole: smooth muscle
    (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
  5. Which spinal nerves contribute fibers to the nerve that carries the primary innervation for the diaphragm controlling most of your breathing?
    C3, C4, C5
  6. The substance secreted by the great alveolar cells to keep alveolar walls from sticking together is called...
  7. The arytenoid and corniculate cartilages that work together to serve as pivots and levers allowing for motion of the vocal cords sit on which cartilage?
    A. Vocal
    B. Hyoid
    C. Cricoarytenoid
    D. Cricoid
    E. Thyroid
    D. Cricoid
    (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
  8. Name the pairs of muscles that pivot the arytenoid cartilages to move the vocal cords.
    Lateral and posterior arytenoid cartilages
  9. In the pulmonary circulation, highly oxygenated blood leaves the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and beings its return to the heart in what type of blood vessel?
  10. Name the condition of fluid build-up in the lungs that not only can cause accumulation of fluid/mucus in the alveolar sac but also in the extracellular spaces increasing the thickness of the respiratory membrane.
  11. As the diaphragm relaxes (domes up), pressure in your chest cavity (increases/decreases) and you (inhale/exhale).
  12. Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide has the highest partial pressure in the air at sea level.
  13. Name the volume of air that remains in your thoracic cavity even after you have forcibly expired as much air as you possibly can.
    Residual volume
  14. Which medullary respiratory group is primarily responsible for regulating inspiration and the "rhythm" of respiration?
    Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)
  15. Following the air as it enters in the trachea passing into the respiratory tree, name the "last" branch that air passes through before entering the alveoli.
    Respiratory bronchioles
  16. T/F The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired air is greater than that in the alveolus.
  17. What will occur with regard to feedback and maintenence of the ventilation-perfusion ratio if ventilation decreases in the lungs?
    Constriction of pulmonary vessels
  18. Smoking paralyzes the cilia in the upper respiratory tract preventing the function of the musociliary _________ that helps keep airways clear of mucus
  19. The process of separating wastes from our body fluids and eliminating them is called:
  20. T/F Males and females have the same number of urethral sphincters.
  21. Which of the following is NOT a primary nitrogenous metabolic waste found in the human body and eliminated by the kidneys?
    A. Uric acid
    B. Ammonia
    C. Urea
    D. Nitrous Oxide
    D. Nitrous Oxide
    (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
  22. Urine leaves the medullary pyramid through the ______ ______ and empties immediately into the minor calyx.
    Renal papilla
  23. What is the name for the specialized cells that surround the capillaries in the glomerulus creating the filtration slits through which the plasma is filtered?
  24. T/F The internal urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.
  25. What structure follows the renal pelvis in the patheway of urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
  26. T/F Glomerulus-->Proximal convoluted tubule-->Renal Papilla-->Minor calyx-->Renal Pelvis-->Ureter