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The Client : :

The Client : Clients are essentially normal PCs. Users work on them much like they would any other computer. There is no reason that a normal commercial desktop could not be a client PC sometimes suggest certain systems to go along with their server hardware. By connecting to the server, client systems can access files and other applications on the server itself.

The Server :

The Server A server is essentially a powerful computer that every other computer in your network is connected. This allows the network's administrators greater control of sensitive documents. since it is more likely that a client PC will become infected with malware before the server.

Interaction between the client & server:

Interaction between the client & server The interaction between the client and server is at the heart of most medium- to large-scale computer networks. This structure can be seen in use in many different places such as business of all sizes, schools and your local bank

Characteristics of Clients and Servers: :

Characteristics of Clients and Servers: CLIENT: It is an application program that becomes a client temporarily when remote access is needed, but performs other computation locally. It is invoked by a user and executes for one session. It runs locally on the user's computer. It actively initiates contact with a server ( CONNECT primitive). It can access multiple services as needed.

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SERVER: It is a special-purpose program dedicated to providing one service. It is invoked automatically when a system boots, and continues to execute through many sessions. It runs on a shared computer. It waits passively for contact from arbitrary remote clients ( LISTEN primitive). It accepts contact from arbitrary clients, but offers a single service.

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Like most application programs, a client and a server use a transport protocol to communicate. A client and a server using the TCP/IP protocol stack.

A client and a server :

A client and a server

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The client and server each interact with a protocol in the transport layer of the stack. A sufficiently powerful computer can run multiple servers and clients at the same time. A computer must have the necessary hardware resources (e.g. a fast CPU and sufficient memory) An operating system capable of running multiple applications concurrently (e.g. UNIX or Windows).

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The computer in the middle might be running an FTP server and a WWW server. Modern computers are often capable of running many servers at the same time.

Two servers:

Two servers

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socket procedure calls : The sequence of socket procedure calls required for correct client-server programming. Client and server applications can use either connection-oriented or connectionless transport protocols to communicate. High-level languages, such as Perl [Wall 2000] , can hide this low-level code to make network programming less error-prone.

Socket procedure calls:

Socket procedure calls

Security :

Security The clientand the server interact and the nature of their relationship, it is important to follow good network security practices. If your clients are running Windows, you must have some form of anti-malware software on them. Have a good firewall. Encrypt your Wi-Fi network. This is particularly important if both your clients and server run Windows, as a malware infection on one machine could, in theory, spread through the entire network

Server Hardware Needs:

Server Hardware Needs Each client is given a separated "session" in the server, and the server's resources are divided as needed between all sessions. so if you have 50 clients connecting to one server, that server's resources can easily become very taxed, slowing down performance and possibly leading to crashes. The important to have a server that is powerful enough to handle your projected workload. one advantage of buying hardware specifically designed to be a server is that it is usually designed specifically to run in a way that better suits the unique processing needs of the server.

Server Operating Systems :

Server Operating Systems In addition to having somewhat different hardware needs, servers run different operating systems than normal computers to facilitate proper client and server interactions. Users familiar with Windows XP will find Windows Server a fairly comfortable place to start, if you can afford it; Windows server is expensive. There are also a number of free Linux server operating systems available.

Data transfer:

Data transfer Data transfer over the Internet starts with an event . The event can be of human origin, for example, you start the browser (a client program) on your computer and request for some information, say an HTML file, located on a remote computer. There are two important ways in which information is requested from a browser, a hyperlink is clicked or a URL is entered in the "Address" or "Location" field.

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The event can also be generated from the instructions in a program. we can automate uploading and downloading of files (data transfer) with the help of a program. The browser searches for the remote computer and on locating it, passes the request to a program called the server running on this distant computer. The server then checks up your request and tries to locate the HTML file on its hard disk. On finding it, the server sends this file to your computer. If this HTML document has embedded image, video, and/or sound files, the information and the content of such files are also passed to the browser.

Data transfer:

Data transfer

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On receiving data from the server, the client which is a browser in our case, starts to display the HTML page. The client holds the sole prerogative on document display, with no involvement from the servers' side. Once it sends the data to the remote computer, the server, so to say, washes its hands off it. On receipt of all requested data, the client-server connection is lost. The next time this client asks for some information from the server, the server will treat it as a new request without any recollection of previous requests. This means that client-server interaction is "stateless" with every new request generating a new response.

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Thank you:

Thank you

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