﻿ Speaker_of_the_House : définition de Speaker_of_the_House et synonymes de Speaker_of_the_House (anglais)

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Speaker (politics)

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As a parliamentary title it is typically English, first recorded in the English parliament for Thomas de Hungerford in 1377; in most other cultures other styles are used, mainly translations of Chairman or President. In Canadian French, the Speaker of the House of Commons or a legislature are referred to as Président. By convention, these Speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as Mister Speaker.



UK and "Westminster system" countries

In many nations, especially those with the Westminster system of government, the position of speaker, modelled after the Speaker of the British House of Commons, is ideally scrupulously politically neutral and is not concerned with substantive issues. In the event of a tie, the speaker is permitted to vote but only according to established conventions. In most cases the speaker is elected from among the members of the assembly by the members, and whips are not allowed to be among the selection. In the UK, a speaker is normally chosen from one of the two largest parties.

Despite being an impartial position, the Speaker in a Westminster system parliament has to stand for re-election if he or she wishes to stay. In the Republic of Ireland the Speaker (Ceann Comhairle) is deemed to have been elected if he or she seeks re-election; in the United Kingdom it is a constitutional convention that no major party will put up a candidate against the 'Speaker seeking re-election'. This convention was not respected during the 1987 General Election, when both the Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party fielded candidates against the Conservative Speaker, Bernard Weatherill, who was MP for Croydon North East. In the General Election of 2005, the Scottish National Party put up a candidate against the incumbent Speaker, Michael Martin. There is no such convention in Canada and the major parties routinely field candidates against a Speaker who is seeking re-election.

United States

In the United States, in the House of Representatives and in state legislatures and local government councils, the speaker is usually selected by the members of the majority party and functions as a leader of that party. Thus, though the speaker is supposed to be fair, he or she uses procedural rulings to advance the causes and agenda of his or her own party. Ceremonially, the speaker represents the whole house, but politically is the legislative voice of the party in power.

There is one prominent case of a speaker who is not presiding officer. The New York City Council, the unicameral legislative body for New York City, has as its presiding officer the Public Advocate, a position formerly known as City Council President, who is elected by all the voters of the city. As the public advocate's role has changed with several city charter revisions, a post of Council Speaker was created. The speaker is, effectively, majority leader of the council.

According to the federal succession statute currently in effect,[1] the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the U.S. Congress is second in line for succession to the presidency; should the president and vice president be unable to serve, the speaker would become president. Some scholars, however, have argued that this provision of the succession statute is unconstitutional.[2]

The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is currently Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), who is the first woman ever to serve as Speaker.

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The Welsh Assembly and Scottish Parliament have the positions of Presiding Officer which fulfils the same role as the speaker.


CountryLegislature (or legislative chamber)Speaker
AustraliaAustralian House of RepresentativesHarry Jenkins
BulgariaNational Assembly of BulgariaGeorgi Pirinski
CanadaCanadian House of CommonsPeter Milliken
China, People's Republic ofNational People's CongressWu Bangguo
 » Hong Kong SARLegislative CouncilTsang Yok Sing
 » Macau SARLegislative Assembly of MacauSusana Chou
CroatiaCroatian Parliament (Sabor)Luka Bebić
DenmarkParliament of DenmarkThor Pedersen
EstoniaRiigikoguEne Ergma
FinlandParliament of Finland (eduskunta/riksdagen)Sauli Niinistö
GhanaParliament of GhanaMrs. Justice Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo
GermanyBundestagNorbert Lammert
HungaryNational Assembly of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság Országgyűlése)Katalin Szili
IndiaLok SabhaMeira Kumar
IndonesiaPeople's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat)Marzuki Alie
IrelandDáil ÉireannSeamus Kirk
IsraelKnessetReuven Rivlin
KosovoAssembly of KosovoJakup Krasniqi
Republic of KoreaNational Assembly of the Republic of KoreaKim Hyong O
LatviaSaeimaGundars Daudze
LebanonParliament of LebanonNabih Berri
LiechtensteinLandtag of LiechtensteinKlaus Wanger
Republic of MacedoniaAssembly of the Republic of MacedoniaLjubiša Georgievski
MalaysiaHouse of Representatives of Malaysia (Dewan Rakyat)Tan Sri Pandikar Amin Mulia
MaltaHouse of Representatives of MaltaAnton Tabone
MexicoChamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados)Ruth Zavaleta Salgado
MoldovaParliamentMarian Lupu
MontenegroAssembly of MontenegroRanko Krivokapić
The NetherlandsHouse of Representatives of the NetherlandsGerdi Verbeet
New ZealandHouse of RepresentativesDr Lockwood Smith
NigeriaNational Assembly of Nigeriaacting Aminu Bello Masari
PakistanNational Assembly of PakistanDr. Fahmida Mirza
PhilippinesPhilippine House of RepresentativesProspero Nograles
The Russian FederationThe State DumaBoris Gryzlov
SerbiaNational Assembly of the Republic of SerbiaSlavica Đukić Dejanović
SingaporeParliament of SingaporeAbdullah Tarmugi
Sri LankaParliament of Sri LankaW. J. M. Lokubandara
Taiwan (Republic of China)Legislative YuanWang Jin-pyng
ThailandHouse of Representatives of ThailandChai Chidchob
UkraineVerkhovna RadaVolodymyr Lytvyn
United KingdomHouse of Commons of the United KingdomJohn Bercow
 » Isle of ManHouse of KeysSteve Rodan
 » Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland AssemblyWilliam Hay
 » ScotlandScottish ParliamentAlex Fergusson
 » WalesNational Assembly for WalesDafydd Elis-Thomas
United States of AmericaHouse of RepresentativesNancy Pelosi
VanuatuParliament of VanuatuMaxime Carlot Korman[3]
ZimbabweParliament of ZimbabweLovemore Moyo

See also



  1. ^ 3 U.S.C. § 19
  3. ^ "01 September confirmed as date for Vanuatu Presidential Election". Islands Business. 2009-09-02. http://www.islandsbusiness.com/news/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=130/focusContentID=16428/tableName=mediaRelease/overideSkinName=newsArticle-full.tpl. Retrieved 2009-08-20. 

Speaker of the House

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Jump to: navigation, search

Speaker of the House is a political term referring to a number of people, mostly from nations based on the British parliamentary system owing to their colonialism:

    • The current Speaker of the House of Commons is John Bercow. He is Member of Parliament for the constituency of Buckingham since being elected in 1997. Until his election as speaker, he sat as a Conservative Party member, and had served in the Shadow Cabinet under former Conservative leaders Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard. On 22 June, 2009, he was elected as the 157th Speaker of the House of Commons and so became the first Speaker to be elected by an exhaustive ballot. He is also the first Jew to ever hold this position.
  • In the United States, the Speaker of the House of Representatives presides over the Lower House of Congress, the House of Representatives. In the U.S. this post is the highest-ranking in Congress, is second in line to the Presidency, and is the third highest-ranking national office overall.

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