

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 3. Belief / f. Animal beliefs

[whether animals believe things]

4 ideas
A mouse hearing a piano played does not believe it, because it lacks concepts and understanding [Dretske]
Defeasible reasoning requires us to be able to think about our thoughts [Pollock]
Dogs seem to have beliefs, and beliefs require concepts [Lockwood]
If an animal has beliefs, that implies not only that it can make mistakes, but that it can learn from them [Scruton]