Graphic designFeature

The designer's guide to the Golden Ratio

The Golden Ratio is something every designer should know about. We'll explain what it is and how you can use it.

There's a common mathematical ratio found in nature that can be used to create pleasing, natural looking compositions in your design work. We call it the Golden Ratio, although it's also known as the Golden Mean, The Golden Section, or the Greek letter Phi.

In this article, we'll explain what it is, how you can use it, and point to some great resources for further inspiration and study...

01. What is the Golden Ratio?

Based on the Fibonacci Sequence (which you may remember from either your school mathematics lessons or Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code), the Golden Ratio describes the relationship between two proportions.

Fibonacci numbers, like many elements found in nature, follow a 1:1.61 ratio - this is what we refer to as the Golden Ratio, and as it forms such a common sight in nature, it feels pleasing to the eye when we use this same ratio in our design work.

The Golden Ratio is the relationship between two numbers on the Fibonacci Sequence...
Golden Ratio
...and plotting the relationships in scale provides us with a spiral that can be seen in nature all around us

It's believed that the Golden Ratio has been in use for at least 4,000 years in human art and design, but it may be even longer than that - some people argue that the Ancient Egyptians used the principle to build the pyramids. In more contemporary times, the Golden Ratio can be observed in music, art, and design all around you.


Use of the Golden Ratio is well documented in art and design throughout history, and can be seen in everything from architecture to the grand masters. By applying a similar working methodology you can bring the same design sensibilities to your own work. Here are just a couple of examples to inspire you:

The Parthenon

Golden Ratio

Ancient Greek architecture used the Golden Ratio to determine pleasing dimensional relationships between the width of a building and its height, the size of the portico and even the position of the columns supporting the structure. The final result is a building that feels entirely in proportion. The neo-classical architecure movement reused these principles too.

The Last Supper

Golden Ratio

Leonardo da Vinci, like many other artists throughout the ages, made extensive use of the Golden Ratio to create pleasing compositions. In the last supper, the figures are arranged in the lower two thirds (the larger of the two parts of the Golden Ratio), and the position of Jesus is perfectly plotted by arranging golden rectangles across the canvas.


There are also numerous examples of the Golden Ratio in nature - you can observe the ratio all around you. Flowers, sea-shells, pineapples, and even honeycombs all exhibit the same principle ratio in their make-up. So using the Golden Ratio in your design work is both appropriate and foreshadowed in our everyday environment.

03. How to construct a Golden Ratio rectangle

Creating a Golden Rectangle is pretty straightforward, and starts with a basic square. Follow the steps below to create your own Golden Ratio:

Step 01

Golden Ratio

Draw a square. This will form the length of the 'short side' of the rectangle.

Step 02

Golden Ratio

Divide your square in half with a vertical line, leaving you with two rectangles.

Step 03

Golden Ratio

In one rectangle, draw a line from one corner to the opposite corner.

Step 04

Golden Ratio

Rotate this line so that it appears horizontally adjacent to the first rectangle.

Step 05

Golden Ratio


05. How to use the Golden Ratio in your design work

Using the Golden Ratio is simpler than you might think! There are a couple of quick tricks you can use to estimate it into your layouts, or you can plan a little more and fully embrace the concept!

The quick way

If you’ve ever come across the 'Rule of Thirds' you’ll be familiar with the idea that by dividing an area into equal thirds both vertically and horizontally, the intersection of the lines will provide a natural focal point for the shape.



Full implementation


It’s okay to round this up or down by a point or two to make the numbers worth with pixels or points - so if you have a content area of 640px, a sidebar of 400px will match the Golden Ratio well enough to work, even though it’s actually a ratio of 1:1.6.

Golden Ratio
Using the Golden Ratio in a web-page layout provides a natural, eye-pleasing result

Of course, you can also sub-divide the content and sidebar areas up using the same ratio, and the relationship between a webpage’s header, content area, footer and navigation can also be designed using the same basic Golden Ratio.

06. Golden Ratio tools


Golden Ratio
GoldenRATIO's favourites feature stores your settings for repetitive tasks

GoldenRATIO is an app providing an easy way to design websites, interfaces and layouts according to the golden ratio. Available in the Mac App Store for $2.99, the app features a built-in calculator with visual feedback, a 'favourites' feature that stores you screen position and settings for repetitive tasks, and a 'Click-thru' mode which means you can use it as an overlay in Photoshop and still work on the canvas.

Golden Ratio Typography Calculator

This calculator from Pearsonified helps you to create the perfect typography for your website in line with Golden Ratio principles. Just enter a font size, content width, or both into the field on the website, and click the Set my type! button. If you’d like to optimize for characters per line, you can enter an optional CPL value.


Golden Ratio
Phicalculator does one job, and it does it very well

This simple but useful free app is available for both Mac and PC. Give it any number and it will calculate the corresponding number according to the golden ratio.

Atrise Golden Section

Golden Ratio
Atrise's tool lets you design visually according to the Golden Ratio

This on-screen ruler and grid software saves you all that messing about with calculations and allows you to design using the golden section proportion visually. You can see and change the harmonious forms and sizes, while being directly in the process of working on your project. A regular license costs $49, but you can download a free trial version that's good for 30 days.

Golden Ratio tutorials

Create art using the Golden Ratio

In this tutorial for Digital Arts, Roberto Marras shows how to use the golden section in your artwork, to create pieces that work proportionally.

The Golden Ratio in Web Design

This tutorial from Tuts+ explains how to apply the principles of the Golden Ratio to your web design projects.

Applying Divine Proportion To Your Web Designs

This Smashing Magazine tutorial explains divine proportion and the Rule of Thirds and describes how you can apply both of them effectively to your web layouts. Some good starting points you can build upon or develop further.

Words: Sam Hampton-Smith

This is an updated and expanded version of an article previously published on Creative Bloq.

Magazine promotion

Log in to Creative Bloq with your preferred social network to comment


Log in with your Creative Bloq account

site stat collection