Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines in the context of current molecular epidemiology

Anbu K Karuppannan, Tanja Opriessnig

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review


Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen and although small, it has the highest evolution rate among DNA viruses. Since the discovery of PCV2 in the late 1990’s, this minimalistic virus with a 1.7 kb single stranded DNA genome and two indispensable genes, has become one of the most important porcine pathogens, and presently is subjected to the highest volume of prophylactic intervention in the form of vaccines in global swine production. PCV2 can currently be divided into five different genotypes, PCV2a through PCV2e. It is well documented that PCV2 continues to evolve which is reflected by changes in the prevalence of genotypes. During 2006 commercial vaccines for PCV2 were introduced on a large scale in a pig population mainly infected with PCV2b. Since 2012, the PCV2d genotype has essentially replaced the previously predominant PCV2b genotype in North America and similar trends are also documented in other geographic regions such as China and South Korea. This is the second major PCV2 genotype shift since discovery of the virus. The potential increase in virulence of the emergent PCV2 genotype and the efficacy of the current vaccines derived from PCV2a genotype against the PCV2d genotype viruses has received considerable attention. This review attempts to synthesize the understanding of PCV2 biology, experimental studies on the antigenic variability and molecular epidemiological analysis of the evolution of PCV2 genotypes.
Original languageEnglish
Article number99
Issue number5
Early online date6 May 2017
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 6 May 2017


  • PCV2
  • Epidemiology
  • Pigs
  • Vaccination


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