Black mamba

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Black mamba
The black mamba
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Genus: Dendroaspis
Species: D. polylepis
Binomial name
Dendroaspis polylepis
Günther, 1864

The Black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) belongs to the Elapidae family of snakes. It is the second largest venomous snake in the world. An adult black mamba can grow up to 14 feet in length.[2] The black mamba's skin is not actually black, it gets its name from the colour of the roof of its mouth.

The black mamba lives in the south and the east of Africa. They can be found as far north as Eritrea, and as far west as Namibia, and all throughout South Africa. It is known around the world for its dangerous venom. It is very fast (it reaches speeds of 12 miles per hour) and can also climb very fast. The black mamba lives 10-11 years.

Bite[change | change source]

A black mamba's bite is easily enough to kill an adult man. The deadly poison takes between 30 minutes to 3 hours to kill, in most cases.[3] Unlike most snakes it has enough venom to bite many times in a short period. A black mamba usually attacks the head of its prey if possible. For this reason a black mamba can raise itself to a height of almost four feet.[3]

Classification[change | change source]

This is the classification of Dendroaspis polyepis, or the black mamba. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Family: Elapidae Genus: Dendroaspis Species: Dendroaspis polyepis

Appearance[change | change source]

The black mamba is not actually black. It can be brown, gray, olive or khaki, but it can’t be black. When the black mamba is young, it is gray or olive green. The stomach of the black mamba is cream-colored, and sometimes it has green or yellow in it. The inside of the black mamba’s mouth is a dark blue to black, giving the snake its name. It is typically 2-3 meters long, but it can grow to 4.5 meters long. They are also very venomous and are one of the fastest snakes in the whole world.

Habitat[change | change source]

Black mambas enjoy rock-covered hills, forested savannah, and woods with rocks and fallen trees to shelter them. They also can be found in hollow trees and in termite mounds. If the black mamba is not disturbed, it will come back to a certain home all its life. They are typically found in sub-Saharan places in parts of south and east Africa. They can be found as far north as Eritrea, and as far west as Namibia, and all throughout South Africa.

Predators[change | change source]

There is not much information on the predators of the black mamba, but snakes have many predators. Some predators are birds of prey, crocodiles, big frogs, mongooses, monitor lizards, foxes, jackals, and even humans. We kill them because we are afraid of their dangerous venom. Also, snake eggs are sometimes eaten by scavengers.

Prey[change | change source]

Black mambas eat small mammals like rodents and squirrels. Sometimes they eat birds. They bite once or twice and then wait for their prey to become paralyzed and die. Then they eat them. Acids in their stomach digest the prey within 8-10 hours. Black mambas are important to our ecosystems because they keep the rodent populations in check.

Behavior[change | change source]

The black mamba is a shy animal. They like to avoid other animals, but if another animal confronts them, they become aggressive. When the black mamba is threatened, it will raise its head, open its mouth, expand its hood, and flick its tongue. It will also hiss. Its bites are fast and it bites many times. Its venom can be fatal to us. The black mamba likes to bask in the sun, and it remembers the spot it basks at. They are fast and can climb trees quickly. They communicate in the same ways that most snakes do. They use their eyes to detect motion, and if it is sudden they will attack. They 'see' with their tongue by collecting air particles and then putting them on an organ in their mouth. The organ senses what is around them with the air particles. They do not have ears on the outside of their body, but they can sense vibrations in the ground. Like many other snakes, if they are threatened, they will show aggression and signals that warn the attacker.

Venom[change | change source]

The black mamba is one of the most dangerous snakes in the world. It has enough venom to kill a human in 20 minutes. Its venom stops important body functions, and if they are bitten, victims must get medical help immediately. Typically, in hospitals, they get antivenin, but sometimes the bites are so severe that life-support must be given. Because the black mamba will sometimes live in populated places, bites are rather frequent. In rural places, bites often result in death.

Reproduction[change | change source]

When the males and females are done mating, they go back to their homes. In two to three months the females will lay 6-17 eggs, which will hatch in 2-3 months. Black mambas do not interact with each other besides mating. They do not try to raise their young. When the female lays her eggs, she will put them in a safe place and leave them. The babies have to defend themselves from birth. Young black mambas stay in the egg for 2-3 months, and then they break through the shell with an 'egg tooth.' They are almost fully developed when they hatch, and they already have venom glands and can defend themselves mere minutes after their birth. Black mambas mate in the early springtime. The male snakes will find a female by following their scent. When the male black mamba finds the female, he will inspect her with his tongue. Male snakes will fight a lot during the mating season. They intertwine their bodies and raise their heads up to one meter off the ground. It looks like dancing.

Conservation[change | change source]

The amazing black mamba is not endangered, fortunately, but because of human expansion, they might be endangered in the future.

Related species[change | change source]

The black mamba is related to all members of the elapidae family, which has the cobras and the Australian death adder.[4]

References[change | change source]

Krysko, Kenneth L. "Mamba." World Book Advanced. World Book, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2012.

Schott, Randy. "Dendroaspis polylepis- Black Mamba." Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, 2005. Web. 9 Oct. 2012.