Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads

Terms for End of Year Exam

Conservation of Mass

matter cannot be created or destroyed


the amount of matter in an object


any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances


element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction


a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Chemical Reaction

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others, the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances


To have an equal amount of atoms on each side of the equation


gives the number of atoms of the element in the compound


small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it

Polyatomic ions

ions that are made of more than one atom


One of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile, malleable, and shiny

Metal Activity Series

a ranking of relative reactivity of metals in displacement and other kinds of reactions


participating readily in reactions


negatively charged particles

Ionic Bonds



the process of oxidizing, The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.


any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen), Gain of electrons



Half Reactions

the two parts of an oxidation-reduction reaction, one representing oxidation, the other reduction


Oxidation is loss, Reduction is gain

Electrochemical Cell

device that changes chemical energy into electrical energy


a device that produces electricity

Electrical Circuit

an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow


a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances


a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)


a negatively charged ion


a positively charged ion




Describes an object whose net charge is not zero


state in which solute particles are evenly distributed throughout a solvent


the strength of a solution

Zinc/Copper Battery

Used to perform in a single replacement reaction, conducting electricity.

Salt Bridge

A tube that allows the slow transfer of ions and maintains the neutrality of the electrolyte solutions.

Closed Circuit

a complete electrical circuit around which current flows or a signal circulates

Non-rechargeable battery

A battery that cannot be charged


a positively charged electrode by which electrons leave an electrical device


a negatively charged electrode that is the source of electrons in an electrical device

Ideal Gas

a hypothetical gas with molecules of negligible size that exert no intermolecular forces

Inverse Relationship

a relationship in which one variable decreases when another variable increases

Direct Relationship

a relationship in which one variable increases with an increase in another variable

Intermolecular Forces

forces of attraction between molecules

Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases

1. atoms move in a straight line
2. atoms rebound with the same amount of energy
3. there are no attractice forces between atoms
4. atoms are so tiny
5. temperature increases; atoms move faster




millimeters of mercury

Standard Temperature and Pressure

for a gas, the temperature of 0 Celsius and pressure 1.00 atmosphere


the envelope of gases surrounding any celestial body

Kinetic Energy

energy due to motion

Boyle's Law


Charles Law

the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases


the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object


Basic unit of volume in the metric system


a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter




Metric unit for measuring temperature; On this scale water freezes at zero and boils at 100.


the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

Gay-Lussac's Law



the force applied to a unit area of surface




a quantity that does not vary


the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution)





Hydrogen Ion Concentration

the number of moles of hydrogen ions per cubic decimeter




hydroxide ion

Hydroxyl Group



to undergo a reversible or temporary breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms

Solution Concentration

quantity of solute dissolved in a specific quantity of solvent or solution






the formula for pH



Properties of Acids and Bases

react with one another to produce a salt and water, conduct electricity, change color of indicator


make chemically neutral


an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH

Hydrological Cycle

cycle of water, the movement of water and its transformation between the gaseous (vapour), liquid, and solid forms.

Non-polar Bond

electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Ionic Bond


Polar Bond



(meteorology) the horizontal transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties


compress or concentrate


The change of state from a gas to a liquid


fall from clouds



Salt Water

water that contains dissolved salts and other minerals

Fresh Water

defined as having a low salt concentration (less than 1%). Plants and animals are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to survive in areas of high salt concentration (i.e., ocean). There are different types of freshwater regions: ponds and lakes, streams and rivers, and estuaries.


underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc

Ground water

underground water that is held in the soil and in previous rocks



Natural Minerals

inorganic, with characteristic physical properties




sticking together


a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together

Heat Capacity

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a specified amount of a substance by 1°C or 1 K.


the amount of matter in a given space


the dissolved substance in a solution


a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances




A substance spread onto soil to increase its ability to support crops. Fertilizers include organic materials, such as manure, but can also be man made chemicals such as nitrates.



Maximum Contaminant Levels

The legal maximum amount of a certain contaminant that is allowed in tap and drinking water.

Percent Concentration By Mass

mass of solute\mass of solution x 100


made up of different substances or parts



Please allow access to your computer’s microphone to use Voice Recording.

Having trouble? Click here for help.

We can’t access your microphone!



Reload the page to try again!


Press Cmd-0 to reset your zoom

Press Ctrl-0 to reset your zoom


Please upgrade Flash or install Chrome
to use Voice Recording.

For more help, see our troubleshooting page.

Your microphone is muted

For help fixing this issue, see this FAQ.

Star this term

You can study starred terms together

NEW! Voice Recording

Create Set