..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo.. O O O How to Construct a High Voltage Jacob's Ladder O O by O O ..oooOO Count Zero OOooo.. O O O ..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo.. Greetings...I assume all of you have at one point seen the old Frankenstein movies where the lab is filled with an assortment of electronic gadgets, all of them sparking and hissing furiously...Well, if you remember, one of these consisted of a V-shaped piece of wire, where a spark would form at the base of the V and slowly crawl up the wires, expanding until it reached the top..where it would bow out and disappear while a new spark formed back at the base... Such a device is known as a Jacob's Ladder (from the Bible, I think, where this dude named Jacob has a vision of Angels climbing some celestial, firey ladder) and was designed especially for special effects use in Frankenstein movies... ANYWAY, such a device is SIMPLE to create, and the total cost is only about $50....but FIRST I want to explain the theory behind its operation (what's the use in building something if you have no CLUE why it works?!?). The term VOLTAGE refers to potential, or like water pressure (a decent analogy)....... CURRENT refers to electrical flow, or like the volume of water flowing thru a pipe...a DIELECTRIC is something that resists the flow of electricity until a high enough VOLTAGE is created, sort of like fish clogging a pipe until the water pressure builds enough to BLAST the fish and rush thru (hehehe..mebbe I should have been a plumber)...OK...well, AIR is a DIELECTRIC...and when two points in space build up enough VOLTAGE between them, a spark jumps between them (like lightning)..AIR is a tough dielectic...it takes about 1 thousand volts to create a spark only 1 millimeter long!...BUT..just because you have a high voltage DOESN'T mean your CURRENT is large...remember rubbing your feet on rugs in the library then going up to the class dweeb and touching his arm? Remember that spark that jumped from your finger?..well, you built up a VOLTAGE of about 2 thousand volts (2 mm distance, usually)..but the CURRENT was very LOW...remember, HIGH VOLTAGE does not always mean HIGH CURRENT... High currents KILL....a car battery, with only about 12 Volts, packs some SERIOUS current...enough to kill you QUICKLY....while that spark from your finger packed HIGH VOLTAGE..but no killing current....remember the old maxim "Volts jolt, but mills (as in milliAmps) KILL" * *Unfortunately, when you get up to a Voltage in excess of 10 thou, it IS enough to kill you...several times over.. BTW, Amps are the measure of current magnitude... Now, a Jacob's Ladder works by building up a Voltage of AT LEAST 10 thousand Volts at the base of the V...this initial spark will heat and ionize the air directly above it, REDUCING the BREAKDOWN Voltage (normally 1kV/1mm) of this air..........basically, it becomes easier for the spark to form in this heated, ionized air, and the spark CLIMBS up the ladder..while the spark gets LONGER AND LONGER (as a result of the reduced breakdown voltage)....... This spark grows longer and climbs, hissing and writhing between the wires ..... until it reaches the top of the V and bows out, extinguishing itself.. after which another spark immediately forms back at the base.....got it? good. ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION....simple...ALL you need is a high voltage transformer.. this transformer will BOOST the Voltage of your house current from 120V to 10kV or higher...but, "Where can I get a high voltage transformer?"...simple.. find a Neon sign manufacturer/seller and ask them if they have any OLD Neon sign transformers lying around...tell the dude you NEED an OLD one that has an output of AT LEAST 10 thousand Volts...the Current output doesn't matter.. DO NOT buy a NEW Neon sign transformer...it will not work properly..new Neon signs typically use transformers of a low output Voltage, and the Voltage is later stepped up with an array of capacitors, etc....SO...if you're lucky, the guy will pull out this black, oily, rectangular thing (probably will look like a battery)...with 2 ceramic standoffs (those things you shoot with BB guns on top of power lines..)..these ceramic standoffs are the OUTPUT...look for 3 bolts..they will be the INPUT...(and ground)...ASK THE GUY to TRY THE THING... make sure he tests it before you buy it...don't get ripped off...OK..now, you've got this thing...what do you do?...FIRST..clean it up a bit...if it is leaking oil a bit, seal any leaks...this oil inside is NECESSARY to dissipate heat...NOW...get TWO coat hangers....straighten them up...attach them to the ceramic standoffs like this... ----- X - 4"- X | X X | X X 12" X X | X X <------------------ coathangers -------- X X X X X X I I OOO OOO <------------ ceramic standoffs (OUTPUT) --------------- | | | transformer | | |oooooooooooooooooooooE | | ^cord and plug to wall socket --------------- The hangers at the base of the V should be about 0.5" apart...Bend the hangers with a pair of needle nose pliers... The CRITICAL thing here is the distance and angle of the coathangers....you will have to play with them to get them right...the distances given are approximations......when you get the distances right, the spark should climb all the way to the top..! OK..."How do I plug this sucker in?..is it safe for my house?..will I blow every fuse on the block?"...first of all, it drains only as much juice as an average TV set, so it won't blow any fuses..but it WILL fuck up radio and television broadcasts.....(fun with the neighbors!!!!) The next thing to do is make a trip to Radio Hack and buy a 3-prong plug...YOU MUST GET A 3 PRONG....with exposed wires ..like this... oooXXX ....... < to input plug > ooo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX./....... < to input oooXXX \............ < to ground Attach this cord to your transformer...be sure to ground this sucker!...if you aren't sure about which is the input and ground, ASK THE DUDE YOU BUY IT FROM!! Wrap all exposed wires on this cord with electrician's tape...(heheh..DON'T WRAP the coathangers..they need to be BARE) If your coathangers have paint on 'em, sand it off.... OK..now..PLUG IT IN?...NO...also buy at Radio Hack one of those surge suppressing power strips..the kind with a switch built in..ok...plug the strip in..make sure it is OFF...then plug in the transformer cord...then stand back and turn it on..probably, nothing will happen...UNPLUG the transformer and adjust the coathangers (move 'em a bit closer)..try, try again..you will eventually get it right!.. WARNING: I don't think I need to tell you how DANGEROUS this thing is...as long as you remain AT LEAST 3 feet away from it, you are in no danger...transformers don't blow up....they are very simple devices...BUT, as the sucker is sparking, you might notice a strange smell in the air..this is OZONE, produced by the ionization..OZONE is DEADLY to humans..at least when it is inhaled....this is the same smell you notice after an electrical storm..ALSO, Ultraviolet light is produced during the spark's creation...if you STARE at this thing all night, your corneas will be phucked up...so if you must, wear UV shades..! A note of warning.....high voltage like this will cause every muscle in your body to contract...since this is AC high voltage, they will contract spastically...let me illustrate... "Bob sets up his c00l new Jacob's ladder at a party...Wayne is amazed by it and reached out to adjust the coathangers...when he gets within about an INCH of hangers, a brilliant blue spark jumps to his hand...Wayne's hand spastically clamps shut on the coathangers...all the muscles in his body contract violently...with a gutteral scream, his diaphram expells all air from his lungs..he empties his bowels, as well as shits his pants...his brain shuts down within seconds, but his muscles keep fibrillating...his heart merely quivers in his chest, as Waynes eyeballs turn opaque and wither....if Wayne is lucky, his leg spasms propell him away from the transformer..breaking the connection..but he probably will land on the floor already dead".. Get the picture? I don't want to scare anyone off, but this IS a SERIOUS device..not a CUTE PLASMA SPHERE..not a mythical Blotto box...this thing is REAL and WILL WORK.. but you must use it carefully and with respect...if you do, you have nothing to worry about...heck, it's probably safer to use than to drive down the Interstate!....just don't leave it on for more than 5 or 10 min. at a time.. otherwise it may overheat a bit... OK...now you have it...what do you do with it?...show it off at Halloween parties....impress your friends...impress your enemies...use it as a project for a Science class....generate ozone to replenish the Earth's ozone layer... turn it on, turn out all the lights, and marvel at the POWER of electricity.. we forget what electricity looks like in its RAW form....make it part of an art project..a monument to the age of electonics! ..oooOOooo.. Some Neon sign manufacturers that PROBABLY have such transformers in the Boston area (I live in Boston) include Neon Williams 93 Hano St., Allston 617/783-9680 617/547-7001 Jim Did it Signs 465 Cambridge St., Allston 617/728-2410 The price for an OLD Neon sign transformer should be about $40-50.... Look in the yellow pages under "Neon Signs"..make some phone calls.. you shouldn't have too much of a problem locating one.... Well, it's been PHUN, dudes...this is my first textfile about high-voltage gizmos...I plan to write more...too many textfiles out there are full of SH!T or outdated or BOTH in regards to electronic devices...I plan to try and remedy that situation...I know what I'm talking about..and I BUILD everything I talk about....if you have any questions, contact me at any decent board in MA..... Special Greetings to Darby, JT, Muppet, Magic Man,Madmike, Falcon, George Bush, FBI Agent, Canine, Plutus, Old Pink, the Knight, and anyone else I forgot.. Call ATDT!...Life w/out ATDT isn't worth living! (617)PRI-VATE Keep the faith, share the knowledge, and drink Jolt cola... .................................. ..oooOO Count Zero OOooo..,MCWS .................................. 