Population and Settlement

  • Sep 1, 1500

    Bering Land Bridge

    Bering Land Bridge
    -30,000 years ago, the first occupants came to North America from Asia through the Bering land bridge.
    -10 000 years ago they settled in the territory of Quebec.
    -They followed the migration of the animals because of their nomadic lifestyle
  • Period: Sep 1, 1500 to


  • Apr 2, 1534

    Jacques Cartier

    Jacques Cartier
    -Jacques went on three seperate voyages in the years 1534, 1535 and 1541
    -He traveled to America for three reasons:
    1)to find a route to Asia
    2)bring back gold and other riches
    3)claim land for the King of France
    -He wasn't able to accomplish these goals but he did map out the St. Lawrence river
  • Port Royal

    Port Royal
    -In 1605 was the first voyage of Samuel de Champlain.
    -He was sent by the king of France to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia.
    -Port Royal failed because of its position.
    -It was to far away from the Amerindians to trade furs with.
  • Quebec

    -Samuel de Champlain returned to North America in 1608.
    -He established the first permanent settlement called Quebec.
    -It was constructed to facilitate fur trade with Amerindians.
    -The territory was easy to defend and allowed the French control of the river traffic.
  • Company of One Hundred Associates

    Company of One Hundred Associates
    -The Company of One Hundred Associates was ordered by the King of France to populate the colony.
    -They did not succeed in their goal of having the population at 4000 because their main focus was to collect profit for the King of France
  • Seigneurial system

    Seigneurial system
    -The territory around the St, Lawrence river was divided into seigneuries
    -Seigneuries are long rectangular plots of land perpendicular to the river
    -The Seigneur had to provide a mill and a common land for the censitaires
    -the seigneurial system promoted populating the territory but it wasn't enough to catch the 13 colonies who were growing fast
  • Trois Rivières

    Trois Rivières
    -Sieur de Lavoiette was put in charge by Samuel de Champlain to establish a second settlement which he named, "Trois Rivières"
    -It was located where the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers connected.
    -This location allowed easier communication between fur traders and prevented the Iroquois from intercepting their trades.
  • Ville-Marie

    -In 1642, Sieur de Maisonneuve founded Ville Marie.
    -It became the third permanent settlement in New France.
    -It was located in the heart of the Amerindian territory.
    -Its original goal was to evangelize the amerindiens but it soon became a major trading post.
    -It was later renamed "Montréal"
  • Jean Talon

    Jean Talon
    -Jean Talon was the first intendant of New France
    -he was told to build up the population by the king of France.
    -He encouraged soldiers, minor criminals, engagés and the Filles du Roy to immigrate.
    -He offered freeland and created birth incentives
    -the birth rate increased with families having more than 8 children
  • First census

    First census
    -Jean Talon was mandated by the King of France to take a census of the population of New France
    -the census was to help determine how many men could be recruited for military purposes
    -There were 3173 people living in the colony
  • British Conquest

    British Conquest
    -The British took over New France
    -The French were now considered British subjects and were given the choice whether to return to France or stay
    -Many British and Scottish merchants settled in the Province of Quebec, they took over the fur trade from the french mechants
  • Treaty of Paris

    Treaty of Paris
    -Officially ends the Seven Year War between France and Great Britain
    -New France officially becomes a British colony
    -British settlers begin to settle in Quebec
    -The merchants came to take over the fur trade and most settle in Montreal
  • Royal Proclamation

    Royal Proclamation
    -Replaces the Military government with a civil governemnt using British laws
    -Transforms New France into the British Province of Quebec
    -Quebec now only occupies the St. Lawrence Valley
  • Loyalist immigration

    Loyalist immigration
    -The loyalist immigration was the second wave of immigration to Canada
    -It took place during the years of 1783 to 1800
    -The loyalists were people who were loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution
    -36,000 loyalists came to Canada and settled in the Maritime
    -6000 loyalists came to Quebec and settled in the West of Montreal
    -they increased the english population from 1% to 10%
  • British Immigration

    British Immigration
    -End of Napoleonic Wars in Europe
    -British encourages the unemployed families to emigrate to Canada
    -They settle in Quebec City, Montreal, Eastern Townships, Outaouais, Gaspésie and South Shore of Montreal
    -British immigration is not regulated by the government
  • Beginning of the Agricultural crisis in Lower Canada

    Beginning of the Agricultural crisis in Lower Canada
    -Not enough land suitable for cultivation due to increase in population
    -French Canadiens migrate to Canada West
    -From 1840-1870, 200,000 French Canadiens emigrate to the United States to find jobs
  • Height of Irish immigration

    Height of Irish immigration
    -The irish immigration was the third wave of immigration
    -90,000 people, mainly Irish, land on Grosse-Ile to escape the potato famine in Ireland
    -Immigrants arriving in Canada are put in quarantin to ensure diseases did not spread
    -Thousands of immigrants die from cholera epidemics
  • Industrialisation

    -First Phase: 1870-1896
    -Second Phase: 1896-1929
    -Many people move from rural areas to urban areas because of jobs in the cities (urbanization)
    -New regions are colonized like Lac St. Jean, Trois Rivieres and Abitibi
  • Indian Act

    Indian Act
    -The Indian Act was adopted by the federal government without consulting the Natives
    -Aboriginal peoples had to live on reserves which were the property of the government
    -The Indian Act was an attempt to assimilate the Natives and control most aspects of their life
  • Beginning of Baby Boom

    Beginning of Baby Boom
    -Soldiers return from World War ll
    -Birth rate increases
    -Growing population living in suburban areas around large cities
  • Canada's Immigration Act

    Canada's Immigration Act
    -Preference given to immigrants from Western European countries (Italy, Greece and Poland) and the US
    -Discrimination agaisnt Blacks, Asians and homosexuals
  • Ministry of Immigration

    Ministry of Immigration
    -Quebec wants to play a role in selecting immigrants to ensure survival of the French language
    -Quebec gives immigrants who speak French preference
    -Integration centers established to integrate new immigrants into Quebec society
  • Quiet Revolution

    Quiet Revolution
    -Birth rates decreases due to Feminism and availabilty of contraception in Quebec
    -Women enter the work force
    -There are fewer marriages, more divorce and less religion