Francis Turbine

Theory of Operation of Francis Turbine


The inlet is spiral shaped. Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the turbine wheel, known as a runner. This radial flow acts on the runner's vanes, causing the runner to spin. The guide vanes may be adjustable to allow efficient operation for a range of water flow. As the water moves through the runner its spinning radius decreases, further acting on the
runner. This property, in addition to the water's pressure, helps Francis and other inward- flow turbines harness water energy efficiently.

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