Open Your Mind

Common Conditions

Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Dysfunction


Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Dysfunction occurs when the sacroiliac joints of the pelvis become stiff or weak. The condition can develop at any age. SIJ dysfunction is found in 25% of people who complain of low back pain. It is most often diagnosed in females.


As with most other joints in the body, the SI joints have a cartilage layer covering the bone. The cartilage allows for some movement and acts as a shock absorber between the bones. When this cartilage is damaged or worn away, the bones begin to rub on each other, and degenerative arthritis (Osteoarthritis) occurs. This is the most common cause of SI joint dysfunction. Degenerative arthritis occurs commonly in the SI joints, just like other weight-bearing joints of the body. Another common cause of SI joint dysfunction is pregnancy. During pregnancy, hormones called relaxin are released in the woman’s body that allow ligaments to relax. This prepares the body for childbirth. Relaxation of the ligaments holding the SI joints together allows for increased motion in the joints and can lead to increased stresses and abnormal wear. The additional weight and walking pattern (altered gait) associated with pregnancy also place additional stress on the SI joints. Any condition that alters the normal walking pattern places increased stress on the SI joints and is a risk factor for SI joint dysfunction. This could include a leg length discrepancy (one leg longer than the other), or pain in the hip, knee, ankle, or foot.

The signs and symptoms of SI pain start in the lower back and buttock, and may radiate to the lower hip, groin or upper thigh. While the pain is usually one-sided, it can also occur on both sides. Numbness or tingling in the leg or a feeling of weakness in the leg may also be experienced. Symptoms may worsen with sitting, standing, sleeping, walking or climbing stairs. Often the SI joint is painful sitting or sleeping on the affected side. Some also may have difficulty riding in a car or standing, sitting or walking too long. Pain can be worse with transitional movements (going from sit to stand), standing on one leg or climbing stairs.

Physical therapy can help with treating SIJ Dysfunction. Focus of treatment will be correcting the SIJ Dysfunction. Treatment will include manual therapy and modalities such as therapeutic ultrasound therapy and electro-stimulation therapy to manage the pain. Stretching exercises to improve muscle flexibility and movement, as well as strengthening exercises to provide stability to the sacroiliac and spinal joints will be prescribed by your therapist. Once strength and motion progresses, functional training will be introduced. If in doubt, seek professional advice.