2014 Coursera Partners' Conference

Economic Impact Of Preferential Trade Agreement

International trade has several advantages for the U.S. economy. Trade increases competition between foreign and domestic producers. This increase in competition is pushing back the least productive U.S. companies and industries; It also enables the most productive companies and industries to grow in the United States to exploit new profitable opportunities, sell abroad and achieve cost savings through greater economies of scale. As a result, trade promotes more efficient allocation of resources in the economy and increases the average productivity of businesses and industries in the United States. With this increase in productivity, trade can boost economic performance and the average real wage (adjusted for inflation) of workers. In addition, U.S. consumers and businesses benefit from the fact that trade reduces the prices of certain goods and services and increases the diversity of products available for purchase. Preferential trade agreements facilitate trade and investment between Member States. In order to encourage, reduce or eliminate EPAs in trade, trade barriers, such as import tariffs (taxes imposed by countries on foreign products), trade restrictions on services and other trade rules that impede trade flows. In addition, ATPs facilitate investment between Member States by relaxing foreign investment rules and improving legal protection for foreign investors.

Preferential trade agreements also establish trade rules that reduce, among other things, differences in the cost of operations between Member States. Some PTAs set, for example, minimum standards for work and the environment and the protection of intellectual property. If the cost of compliance is high, such rules-based reforms can impede trade and investment flows, making some firms less competitive in foreign markets. But not everyone benefits from commercial expansion. Although increased trade is unlikely to have a significant impact on total employment, trade can affect different workers in different ways. Workers in occupations, businesses and sectors that develop as a result of trade can earn more money, while workers in shrinking occupations, businesses and sectors may earn less money or experience above-average unemployment. These losses may be temporary or permanent. Nevertheless, economic and historical data indicate that the long-term and diffuse benefits of international trade outweigh the concentration of short-term costs.

This conclusion has always been strongly supported by economic promotion. Preferential trade agreements (EPAs) are treaties that remove trade barriers and set rules for international trade between two countries or a small group of countries. ATPs have a direct impact on a country`s economy by changing its trade and investment flows. TADs have an indirect impact on other aspects of a country`s economy, such as productivity, production and employment. As of August 2016, the United States had established 14 PTAs with 20 trading partners. This report examines the economic literature on trade and PTAs and summarizes the results of this literature on the impact of trade and PTAs on the U.S. economy. In order to ensure that Member States comply with the provisions of an agreement, TAPs create dispute resolution mechanisms.

These mechanisms can take two forms: one of them provides a legal platform to assert rights against other Member States; the other allows investors in Member States to assert rights against the governments of other member countries. The impact of THE ATPs on the federal budget is not clear. In assessing the budgetary impact of previous preferential trade agreements, CBO cost estimates indicated that they would slightly reduce the level of federal revenue generated by tariffs. However, these results did not take into account how the macroeconomic effects of the ATP could

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