Medicinal Mushroom Benefits for Health That You Must Know

Medicinal Mushroom Benefits for Health That You Must Know

The Ultimate Guide to the Immune System and Medicinal Mushrooms

It’s easier than we may think to pick up an infection. A simple way to balance the immune system is with medicinal mushrooms. Below, we’ll take a quick look at a variety of medicinal mushrooms, their properties, and how they aid the immune system. For more detailed information, check out, The Healing Power of Medicinal Mushrooms: Immune Support For Cancer, Colds, And Lifelong Health by Dr. Isaac Eliaz, MD, MS, LAc. 

History Of Medicinal Mushrooms

Medicinal mushrooms have been a staple in ancient medical systems for millennia, to fight a wide range of illnesses and promote optimal vitality. Today, scientists and doctors around the world are following in the footsteps of these ancient peoples to explore how medicinal mushrooms can be translated into modern medicine. 

Why Haven’t I Heard Of Medicinal Mushrooms Before?

Information about traditional folk remedies can take ages to make it to mainstream medicine. However, now pharmaceutical companies look at mushrooms as rich sources of innovative biomedical molecules.

How The Immune System Works

Before we start examining medicinal mushrooms and their impacts on immunity, let’s first explore some basic functions of the immune system.

The Primary Function Of The Immune System

In the most basic of terms, the immune system protects the body from things like germs, infections, and abnormal cells that can make the body sick. Different organs, cells, and proteins come together to form the immune system. 

How Does The Immune System Protect Us?

There are three main goals a healthy immune system must accomplish: 

  • Fighting off harmful invaders. These include things like parasites, viruses, fungi or bacteria. The immune system needs to find them and get them out!
  • Recognizing environmental threats. Maybe that’s fungus. Maybe it’s a toxin. Maybe it’s something else. The body needs to prevent the outside world from making the body sick. 
  • Defending the body from internal problems. For example, cancer develops when cells in the body have mutated, become abnormal, and grow uncontrollably. There are a number of diseases that can turn the body against itself, and the immune system’s job is to stop that. 

The Two Parts Of The Immune System

The immune system is divided into two parts—innate and acquired— which function in harmony to protect your health. Below we’ll take a look at these two arms of immunity, and define some of its key building blocks—specialized cells and components that make up the immune system as a whole. 

The Innate Immune System

We are born with this part of the immune system, and it works fast. The innate immune system sends cells, called phagocytes, to ambush a harmful invader, surrounding and swallowing it. Once the intruder, be it a virus, bacteria, fungus, or something else is absorbed, the phagocytes destroy it.

The Acquired Immune System

This part of the immune system is more subtle. If the innate immune system is a mallet, the acquired immune system is a lockpick. Cells called B lymphocytes develop antibodies in response to a specific threat. When an invader comes into the system, these B lymphocytes take the time to get to know it. Then, they make antibodies, which are cells specially targeted to fight off that specific threat. These cells are like a key that fits into a lock, allowing the immune cell to break through the germ’s defenses. The next time it comes back, your immune cells will be ready. The acquired immune system evolves each time it comes into contact with an enemy, so it’s always working to stay ahead. 

Building Blocks Of The Immune System

While the acquired and innate immune system are the two subsections of the main immune system, they can be broken down into smaller parts. Various parts of the body make up the immune system and help fight off invaders.

  1. Natural Killer (NK) Cells

These cells work as the ‘bombers’ of the immune system. Gripping onto an invader, the NK cells inject them with a protein and specific enzymes to make them explode. 

  1. Macrophages

These immune system defenders absorb damaged cells or harmful invaders. Then, they activate T-cells to continue immune defense.

  1. T Cells

There are many varieties of T-cells, also known as T-lymphocytes, which help defend the immune system. Each variety of T-cell plays a different response in immune protection. 

  1. Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that fight off invaders to the immune system. 

  1. Lymphatic Vessels. 

These are the pathways that lymphocytes, like the ones that develop antibodies, use to travel around the bloodstream. 

  1. Cytokines

These are chemicals that are produced by lymphocytes, that tell other parts of the immune system to either stand down or attack 

  1. Neutrophils 

These are white blood cells that act like macrophages in immune system defense. They leave blood vessels and head towards the site of inflammation to combat infection. 

Why We May Not Want To “Boost” Our Immune System

In an ideal world, we’ll have just enough cytokines around to let our cells know when something is brewing. However, sometimes the immune system can become overwhelmed. When this happens, galectin-3, the protein that sounds the alarm on immune invaders, will become hyperactive and produce excessive inflammation. 

Then what happens? The body can get what’s called a cytokine storm—where the body is overwhelmed by out-of-control inflammation. Cytokine storms can lead to shock, organ failure, and death. 

This is why we need to focus on optimizing, supporting and balancing our immune system—an areas where medicinal mushrooms excel. They have the ability to make the immune system smarter, by regulating its activity. They direct the immune system to fight off invaders in a safe and balanced way, so it neither overreacts, nor under-reacts.

List Of Medicinal Mushroom Types

Medicinal mushrooms are not just one type. There are many different mushroom species that could be categorized as “medicinal”.  However, this list will get us started.

10 Medicinal Mushrooms For The Immune System

This list will give the summary of mushrooms which can positively affect the immune system. These are the medicinal mushrooms with some of the greatest positive impact on the immune system response, and provide other health benefits as well.

  1. Trametes Versicolor (Turkey Tail)

PSK (Polysaccharide-K) is an active compound of Turkey tails that amps up the production of interferons, which are proteins produced by the body to alert the immune system to a threat. PSK also has antioxidant activity. 

There’s a possibility Turkey Tail could help fight against HIV infections as well as hepatitis B. It’s also shown to support immunity against genital herpes, balance symptoms of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, and help the body with infections of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts. 

  1. Ganoderma Lucidum (Reishi)

Reishi has been shown to fight HIV in some studies. In animal studies, it is shown to protect against ionizing radiation. For respiratory health, it’s shown to support the body against chronic bronchitis. It is shown to work well in supporting immune response to sarcoma, a group of cancers that affect the bones and connective tissues of the body.*

  1. Agaricus Blazei (Himematsutake)

This mushroom increases interferon production. It also protects against bacterial infections—particularly salmonella—and has demonstrated powerful anti-tumor activity in animals.*

  1. Cordyceps Sinensis (Caterpillar Mushrooms)

Caterpillar mushrooms support the performance of the immune system, accelerate production of certain antibodies, and balance the power of monocytes, a class of white blood cells.*

  1. Grifola Frondosa (Maitake)

Maitake supports production of macrophages, NK cells, and T-cells. In HIV studies of individual cells, up to 97% of T-helper cells were protected by maitake.*

  1. Wolfiporia Cocos

Wolfiporia is shown to support macrophage activity, and may help control autoimmune issues. It has been shown to help the immune system fight tumors, and has been shown to help support the body against viral hepatitis in human studies.*

  1. Tremella Fuciformis (White Wood Ear)

White wood ear increases macrophage phagocytosis, lowers bad cholesterol, and has been shown to help support resistance to bronchitis.*

  1. Auricularia Auricular (Wood Ear)

Wood Ear helps certain types of white blood cells increase their production of DNA and RNA. It also works as an anticoagulant and antioxidant, and supports wound healing.*

  1. Lentinus Edodes (Shiitake)

Compounds in shiitake show activity against various bacteria, viruses (including influenza) and parasites. Additionally, one specific compound it contains, Lentinan, is shown to have anti-tumor activity  Shiitake increases the activity of macrophages, NK cells, helper T cells, and other immune components. One report showed that Lentinan successfully reversed drug-resistant tuberculosis in 3 patients.*

  1. Hericium Erinaceus (Lion’s Mane/Monkey’s Head/Hedgehog Fungus)

Lion’s Mane supports the gastrointestinal tract. This mushroom works with the immune system to balance excess inflammation, protect against tumor formation and defend against toxins from the environment. Also, it is shown to support white blood cell production.*

FAQ About Medicinal Mushrooms

What Else Can Medicinal Mushrooms Help With?

Mushrooms offer a wealth of total-benefits beyond immunity. They can also help with:

  • Metabolism 
  • Cardiovascular health
  • Energy production, performance, and stamina
  • Tissue repair
  • Detoxification
  • Digestive health
  • Kidney, liver and other vital organ function

Yes. Medicinal mushrooms are not ‘magic mushrooms’. Some of the mushrooms we might use for medicinal reasons, like shiitake, are also culinary mushrooms which can be found in the produce section at a local grocery store.

What Is The Dosage For Medicinal Mushrooms?

There are, at minimum, 270 different medicinal mushrooms. Depending on which ones are used, and what they are used for, we’ll want to take different amounts. Each formula should give a dosage amount. Mushrooms are very safe, and can be taken in relatively high doses. 


Bisen PS, Baghel RK, Sanodiya BS, Thakur GS, Prasad GB. Lentinus edodes: a macrofungus with pharmacological activities. Curr Med Chem. 2010;17(22):2419-30. 

Bishop KS, Kao CH, Xu Y, Glucina MP, Paterson RR, Ferguson LR. From 2000 years of Ganoderma lucidum to recent developments in nutraceuticals. Phytochemistry. 2015 Jun;114:56-65. 

Borchers AT, Keen CL, Gershwin ME. Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity: an update. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004 May;229(5):393-406. Burns JJ, Zhao L, Taylor EW, Spelman K. Toxicology. 2010 Nov 28;278(1):140-59. 

Chen PX, Wang S, Nie S, Marcone M. Properties of Cordyceps sinensis: a review. J Funct Food 2013;5:550-569. 

Chinsembu KC, Hedimbi M. Ethnomedicinal plants and other natural products with anti-HIV active compounds and their putative modes of action. Int J Biotechnol Mol Biol Res. 2010;1:74– 91.

Ferreira IC, Barros L, Abreu RM. Antioxidants in wild mushrooms. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(12):1543-60. 

García-Lafuente A, Moro C, Villares A, Guillamón E, Rostagno MA, D’Arrigo M, Martínez JA. Mushrooms as a source of anti-inflammatory agents. Am J Comm Psychol. 2011;48:125–141. 

Gonul O, Aydin HH, Kalmis E, Kayalar H, Ozkaya AB, Atay S, Ak H. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes) Extracts on the miRNA Profile and Telomerase Activity of the MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015;17(3):231-9. 

Gordon M, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator, lentinan, in HlV-positive patients: a phase I/ll trial. J Med. 1998;29(5- 6):305-330. 

Guillamón E, García-Lafuente A, Lozano M, D’Arrigo M, Rostagno MA, Villares A, Martínez JA. Edible mushrooms: role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Fitoterapia. 2010 Oct;81(7):715-23. 

Hanyu X, Lanyue L, Miao D, Wentao F, Cangran C, Hui S. Effect of Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides on MAPK/ERK pathway affecting autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Mar 1;146:353-362. 

Hu Z, Du R, Xiu L, Bian Z, Ma C, Sato N, Hattori M, Zhang H, Liang Y, Yu S, Wang X. Protective effect of triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and acute liver injury. Cytokine. 2020 Mar;127:154917.

Kuroki T, Lee S, Hirohama M, Taku T, Kumakura M, Haruyama T, Nagata K, Kawaguchi A. Inhibition of Influenza Virus Infection by Lentinus edodes Mycelia Extract Through Its Direct Action and Immunopotentiating Activity. Front Microbiol. 2018 May 29;9:1164. 

Li LQ, Song AX, Yin JY, Siu KC, Wong WT, Wu JY. Anti-inflammation activity of exopolysaccharides produced by a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 in cell and animal models. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Feb 5;149:1042-1050. 

Linnakoski R, Reshamwala D, Veteli P, CortinaEscribano M, Vanhanen H, Marjomäki V. Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Front Microbiol. 2018 Oct. 2;9:2325.

Lu J, He R, Sun P, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhang A. Molecular mechanisms of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi), a review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Feb 6;150:765-774.

Ren L, Perera C, Hemar Y. Antitumor activity of mushroom polysaccharides: a review. Food Funct. 2012 Nov;3(11):1118-30.

Saleh MH, Rashedi I, Keating A. Immunomodulatory Properties of Coriolus versicolor: The Role of Polysaccharopeptide. Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 6;8:1087.

Wasser SP. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Nov;60(3):258-74.

Wasser SP. Medicinal Mushrooms in Human Clinical Studies. Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(4):279- 317.

Immunol Rev. 2009 Jul;230(1):160-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00794.x. The regulation of inflammation by galectin-3

Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(4):279-317. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i4.10.

Medicinal Mushrooms in Human Clinical Studies. Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review Solomon P Wasser

Biomed J. Nov-Dec 2014;37(6):345-56. doi: 10.4103/2319-4170.138318.

Medicinal mushroom science: Current perspectives, advances, evidences, and challenges Solomon P Wasser