Page last updated at 10:00 GMT, Monday, 23 January 2012

Croatia country profile

Map of Croatia

Croatia's declaration of independence in 1991 was followed by four years of war and the best part of a decade of authoritarian nationalism under President Franjo Tudjman.

By early 2003 it had made enough progress in shaking off the legacy of those years to apply for EU membership, becoming the second former Yugoslav republic after Slovenia to do so.

A country of striking natural beauty with a stunning Adriatic coastline, Croatia is again very popular as a tourist destination.


Croatia's EU accession talks were held up because the country's most prominent war crimes suspect, Gen Ante Gotovina, remained at large until 2005.

Gen Gotovina was finally convicted by the UN War Crimes Tribunal in the Hague in April 2011, and shortly after this, Croatia successfully completed its EU accession negotiations. It is due to become the EU's 28th member state in 2013.

Dubrovnik old town
Tourists flock to the medieval port of Dubrovnik

At the time of President Tudjman's death in December 1999, the country was still in a parlous state.

Its citizens suffered from government-backed attacks on their civil and political rights. The governing party, the HDZ, was mired in corruption and the economy was in severe difficulties.

Presidential and parliamentary elections at the beginning of 2000 ushered in politicians who pledged commitment to Croatia's integration into the European mainstream.

The constitution was changed to shift power away from the president to parliament. Croatia joined the World Trade Organisation and pledged to open up its economy.



The country's EU accession treaty was finally signed in December 2011, after years of tortuous negotiations, and endorsed at a referendum the following month.

Croatia was badly affected by the global financial crisis of 2008-9, which hit its tourism-oriented economy hard, and the country has mostly been in recession since 2009.


  • Full name: Republic of Croatia
  • Population: 4.4 million (UN, 2010)
  • Capital: Zagreb
  • Area: 56,594 sq km (21,851 sq miles)
  • Major language: Croatian
  • Major religion: Christianity
  • Monetary unit: 1 kuna = 100 lipa
  • Main exports: Machinery and transport equipment, clothing, chemicals
  • GNI per capita: US $13,870 (World Bank, 2010)
  • Internet domain: .hr
  • International dialling code: +385


President: Ivo Josipovic


The role of the president is largely ceremonial. He proposes the prime minister but it is for parliament to approve the nomination. The president can dissolve parliament and call elections.

Prime minister: Zoran Milanovic

Zoran Milanovic became prime minister after his four-party centre-left coalition bloc defeated the conservative Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), which had ruled the country for the previous eight years, in elections in December 2011.

Zoran Milanovic at a victory celebration after winning 2011 general election
Mr Milanovic faces an uphill task to turn around Croatia's economy

Riding a tide of popular anger over government corruption and economic stagnation, the Kukuriku ("cock-a-doodle-doo") bloc won 81 seats in the 151-seat national assembly. Mr Milanovic's own Social Democratic Party (SDP) took 61 of those seats.

Mr Milanovic's chief election pledges were to revitalise the struggling economy and prepare Croatia for EU membership in 2013.

The prime minister faces a tough challenge in his efforts to cut the budget deficit and rescue Croatia's credit rating, which by the end of 2010 had deteriorated to just a notch above junk status.

His government will have to adopt stringent austerity measures if it is to avoid a further downgrade in the country's credit rating, revive industry and attract foreign investment. New jobs are vitally needed if unemployment - which by October 2011 had climbed to nearly 18% - is to be brought down.




He is married, and has two sons.


Croatia's media enjoy a high degree of independence. However, Reporters Without Borders said in 2009 that aspects of Serbo-Croat relations were off-limits for the media.

Croatian Radio-Television, HRT, is the state-owned public broadcaster and is financed by advertising and a licence fee.

Public TV is the main source of news and information. National commercial networks and dozens of private local TV stations compete for viewers. Croatia hopes to complete a transition to digital TV broadcasting by 2011. The cable and satellite market is well developed.

The radio landscape comprises three national public networks, four national commercial channels, regional public channels and more than 130 local and regional radios.


Around 2.4 million Croatians are online (, 2010). There are an estimated 22,000 registered websites in Croatia. The telecommunications sector is the most developed in the region.

The press



News agencies/internet

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Compiled by BBC Monitoring

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02 Apr 07 |  Europe
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