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241 Exam 2

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What surrounds the individual muscle cell? Endomysium
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of: Fat
Schwann cells are functionally similar to: Oligodendrocytes
The periosteum is secured to underlying bone by dense connective tissue called: Perforating (sharpey's) fibers
The role of Acetylcholinesterase is to: Destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings.
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the halversian canal) is the site of: Blood vessels and nerve fibers
This discomfort is caused by stretching the ligaments that attach your liver to your diaphragm: Side stitch
The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is: Hyaline
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? actin filaments
A sarcomere is: The area between 2 Z-Discs
An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is: Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is a good location for blood-forming tissue? the sternum (breastbone)
Dietary supplements glucoseamine and/or chondroitin sulfate fare no better than______ in slowing structural damage of knee osteoarthritis. Placebo
What does the synaptic cleft do? prevents OR allows for an impulse to be transmitted directly from one neuron to another.
What is rickets? disease of children where osteoid is produced but calcium salts are not.
What describes interstitial growth? Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing cartilage to grow from within.
Factors in preventing or delaying osteoporosis include: Physical activity, Vitamin D, Magnesium, calcium and full spectrum of light
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. the inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of: Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
What is the universal loss of mass seen in skeleton,which begins around age 40? reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Appositional growth is____: The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage.
What are thick filaments composed of? Myosin
What do Ependymal cells do? Help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.
What are some functions of the skeletal system? production of blood cells (hematopoiesis), support, and storage of minerals.
What is a sign of muscle fatigue? When a muscle is in a state of physiological inability to contract.
What is the structural unit of compact bone? the osteon
The cell that is responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the____? Osteoblast
Paget's disease is: a disease of bone characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption
What transports calcium to the bones? Magnesium
How does Creatine phosphate function in the muscle cell? Storing energy for less than a minute or so that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? Potassium
What does the term diploe refer to? The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones.
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which cell accomplishes this process? Osteoclast
In skeletal muscle contractions what does calcium do? Removes the blocking action of tropomyosin.
What is Osteomalacia? "soft bones"- a number of disorders in adults where the bone is not mineralized.
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the____? Diaphysis
What is the framework that makes up spongy bone called? Trabeculae
What is Trabeculae filled with? Red or Yellow bone marrow.
What can repair homeostatic imbalances? Vitamin D
What causes medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)? what can prevent it? Causes: certain types of exercise (running stairs), excercise shoes you wear. Prevention: Arch support in shoes, heel stride when jogging, motion mechanics (shoe is worn out). (can also cause achillies tendonitis)
An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts that is common in children is called ____: Greenstick
What is the type of bone break that the bone fragments into many pieces? Comminuted
Whats the name of a common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force? Spiral
What is the lining of the marrow cavity in bone? Endosteum
What cells can dissolve the bony matrix? Osteoclasts
What are the layers of bone matrix called? (weight bearing column like matrix tubes composed of mainly collagen) Lamellae
What are the small channels that radiate through the matrix of the bone called? Canaliculi
Whats the name of the cells that can build bony matrix? Osteoblasts
Created by: Chanellenae










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