Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) are in the class of oligosaccharides and have been shown to enhance the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but inhibit Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the large intestine the hindering of these bacteria mimics the effect of antibiotics. The nutrients are contained in specific fruits and vegetables (bananas, onions, chicory root, garlic, asparagus, barley, wheat, tomatoes). FOS significantly improves the function of the enzyme amylase, because dogs do not produce amylase in their saliva the burden entirely on the pancreas, forcing it to produce large amounts of amylase to deal with the starch, cellulose, and carbohydrates in plant matter.