36 terms

AP Bio Chapter 10

The name of the late stages of HIV infection
A virus that infects bacteria
Three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
Enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain
double helix
A coding region of a eukaryotic gene
The infectious agent that causes AIDS
A noncoding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.
lysogenic cycle
Phage replication cycle in which the virus does not kill the host
lytic cycle
A type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new phages by death or lysis of the host cell.
messenger RNA
A type of RNA that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
molecular biology
The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression
Chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
A rare change in the DNA of a gene ultimately creating genetic diversity.
Building block of a nucleic acid.
A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers
reading frame
An RNA virus
reverse transcriptase
Enzyme encoded by some RNA viruses that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.
ribosomal RNA
The most abundant type of RNA
RNA polymerase
An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription
RNA splicing
The removal of noncoding portions of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis
start codon
Specific three-nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which an initiator tRNA molecule binds
stop codon
One of three triplets (UAG, UAA, UGA) that signal gene translation to stop
sugar-phosphate backbone
The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached.
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
transfer RNA
triplet code
uracil (U)
A single-ring nitrogenous base found in RNA but not DNA