NOAA 2000-041
Contact: Stephanie Dorezas


NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service is implementing a regulation that allows the U.S. to track and monitor the trade of Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish to better protect it from being over exploited, the Commerce Department announced today. Much of the fishing for toothfish is managed internationally by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, an organization charged with conserving marine life in the Southern ocean.

During the 1990s, restaurants and markets in the U.S. began to sell toothfish under the name "Chilean sea bass." Within a few years, toothfish became a popular restaurant dish. The growth in popularity led to increased fishing effort, both legally and illegally.

"The exploitation rate of this resource is alarming and unsustainable. The scale of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing for toothfish is a very serious conservation and management concern," said Penny Dalton, director of NOAA Fisheries. "Tracking and monitoring this import product will discourage unlawful harvest and give U.S. consumers confidence that the seafood they eat is legally and sustainably caught."

A number of conservation and management measures addressing illegal and unregulated fishing on toothfish have been adopted by the CCAMLR over the last three years. These measures have included flag state licensing of fishing vessels, annual catch quotas, vessel monitoring systems, and identification of fishing gear. However, despite increased inspections and sanctions in recent years, total toothfish landings have been estimated at up to twice the level of the amount of catch allowed in CCAMLR regulated fisheries.


"Today's final rule fulfills the United States' obligation as a CCAMLR member to conserve Antarctic and Patagonian toothfish," Dalton added.

The rule implements a CCAMLR requirement that requires all parties receiving, importing, or exporting toothfish to submit a catch document to NOAA Fisheries for all toothfish. The catch document specifies a range of information relating to the volume and location of catch and the name and flag state of the vessel. Dealer permits are also required for the import and export of toothfish whether harvested within or outside CCAMLR waters. A permit to tranship toothfish, wherever harvested, is required as well. Each CCAMLR member shall ensure that its customs authorities or other appropriate officials request and examine the import documentation of each shipment of toothfish to verify that it includes the CCAMLR catch document that accounts for all of the toothfish contained in the shipment.

CCAMLR came into force in 1982, as part of the Antarctic Treaty System. The aim of the convention is to conserve marine life in the Southern ocean. This does not exclude harvesting as long as such harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner. The Southern ocean surrounds the continent of Antarctica. The Antarctic Convergence, which is formed where the cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer waters to the north, outlines the Southern ocean and acts as an effective biological barrier, making it a substantially closed ecosystem. Each member of CCAMLR is involved in fishing or research in the Southern ocean, or both, and through the commission, these operations are coordinated and regulated to fulfil members' obligations under the convention.
