A Horse Coffin?
Anna's Hummingbird
Old Mission Dam
Cowles Mountain
Coyote & Stinkbug
Kumeyaay Indians

Cowles Mountain

by Bill White  '97

Born April 5, 1836 and raised on a Connecticut farm in Hartford, his father had been the first to manufacture broadcloth in the US.  George was placed to work in a local dry goods store at age 14, by the time he left at 21, he had been promoted to first salesman.  He went on to start a cotton mill of his own which unfortunately burned a year later.  Following this, Cowles became successful in the cotton business as a broker in New York, moving there when he was 25.  That same year he married Jennie Blodgett from Hartford, a girl of 16.  He helped organize, and at 30 was the first president of the NY Cotton Exchange.  He retired from the cotton exchange at age 33. During the following year Cowles and his wife traveled the southern states.  He next began a manufacturing business producing cotton cloth under government contract using a process he patented. He continued successfully in this venture until 1875.

Cowles and his wife traveled regularly, apparently in part due to her health.  In 1870, while touring the South, he contracted malaria in Florida. They traveled a few times to California, where Cowles searched for a preferred site to establish a ranch. He began making large purchases of land in the El Cajon valley in 1875. In the fall of 1877, after nearly a year of traveling throughout Europe, including stays at many health resorts, they settled in the El Cajon valley to begin a career in ranching.

The Cowles Home
The West Quarter of Cowles Ranch

Arriving in San Diego already wealthy (but in noticeably poor health), having knowledge and experience in farming, machinery, business and finance, and with good planning and vision, Cowles accomplished much in the following ten years until his death at age 51.  The property he purchased eventually totaled about 4,000 acres in the El Cajon valley (over 6 square miles of land) and comprised two ranch sites about a mile apart. One was named "Woodside" where the ranch house was located and the other, probably by their having planted 17 Magnolia trees, was named "Magnolia" (today, street names Woodside Ave in Santee and Magnolia Ave in El Cajon are from the Cowles ranches).  He planted a great variety of different fruit trees and grapevines, olives, grains and potatoes.  The greatest success was in raisins and olives. Cowles' products gained nationwide attention for San Diego's farming potential, particularly in fruits and vines, and he was called the "Raisin King of the US".  He raised fine thoroughbred horses, maintaining about 100 head, and 30 head of cattle.  The community that developed around his Woodside ranch became known as Cowlestown.

George Cowles was an organizer of the Consolidated National Bank, a director of the Commercial Bank, and vice president of the San Diego County Savings bank.  He also helped form, and was vice president of the San Diego Marine Ways & Dry-dock Company on North Island, having turned down the offer of presidency.  Also a director of the California  Southern Railroad (later a part of Santa Fe), he was responsible for extending the railroad from San Diego's 22nd Street Station into the north end of El Cajon valley, including giving free right of way through his own property.  The Red Car trolley now runs on these tracks, and Highway 67 utilizes some of the right of way as it turns east from Santee.

Cowles Magnolia Ranch

George A. Cowles died November 26, 1887 in his room at San Diego's then premier Florence Hotel, succumbing after two weeks to an intestinal ailment.  He had just completed the railway negotiations, an effort that some had said hastened his death.  After a fine and well attended funeral at a church in the new downtown San Diego, Cowles was buried in the El Cajon valley.  Two years later his remains were moved to the Mount Hope Cemetery.

Having named both his wife, Jennie Cowles, and a trusted friend as executors of his will, he left essentially all of his estate to Jennie as they had no children.  The estate was considerable, estimated between $370,000 and $500,000 at that time (one comparison would be $15 - $20 million in today's dollars).  The year after his death, some of Cowles property was subdivided and placed on the market as San Diego's land rush of the 1880's was ending.  Jennie Cowles continued ranching into the 1890's.  She married Milton Santee in November of 1890, and prepared a residence at 11th & B in "New Town" San Diego.  Cowlestown's first school was held in a large room at the Cowles ranch house. A new schoolhouse was built on land Jennie had donated for the school.

Late 1800's Lithograph of Cowles Ranches

Cowles town officially became Santee in 1893 named for Jennie Cowles' second husband, Milton Santee, who was a real estate developer.  The name of Cowles School also changed to Santee.  Cowles Spring eventually lost its name Cowles and became Dog Spring.  Cowles Mountain nearly lost its name as well, becoming known as Black Mountain (even though there already was one in the county), and "S" Mountain (because of the large white "S" painted on by San Diego State students).  The historically significant name of Cowles Mountain was actively preserved by the Mission Trails Regional Park.

-by Bill White '97

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