Cerium(IV) oxide

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Cerium(IV) oxide
Cerium(IV) oxide
IUPAC name
Cerium(IV) oxide
Other names
Ceric oxide,
Cerium dioxide
1306-38-3 YesY
12014-56-1 (monohydrate) N
ChemSpider 8395107 YesY
Jmol interactive 3D Image
PubChem 73963
UNII 619G5K328Y N
Molar mass 172.115 g/mol
Appearance white or pale yellow solid,
slightly hygroscopic
Density 7.215 g/cm3
cubic (fluorite)[1]
NFPA 704
Related compounds
Related compounds
Cerium(III) oxide
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references




Cerium also forms cerium(III) oxide, Ce


Cerium oxide has the fluorite structure, space group Fm3m, #225 containing 8 coordinate Ce4+ and 4 coordinate O2− . At high temperatures it can be reduced to a non-stoichiometric, anion deficient form that retains the fluorite lattice, CeO(2-x) where 0 < x < 0.28.[4] The value of x depends on both the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure. The equation

\Bigg( \frac{x}{0.35-x} \Bigg) = 106000\,\, [\mathrm{Pa}^{0.217}] \times P_{O_2}^{\,\,-0.217} \exp\Bigg( \frac{-195.6 \, \, [\mathrm{k\,J\,mol}^{-1}]}{RT} \Bigg)

has been shown to predict the equilibrium non stoichiometry x over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures (103 - 10−4 Pa) and temperatures (1000-1900 °C).[5]





While it is transparent for visible light, it absorbs ultraviolet radiation strongly, so it is a prospective replacement of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in sunscreens, as it has lower photocatalytic activity.[9] However, its thermal catalytic properties have to be decreased by coating the particles with amorphous silica or boron nitride. The use of these nanoparticles, which can penetrate the body and reach internal organs, has been criticized as unsafe.[10]


Fuel cell electrolyte[edit]





to Ce4+
in the crystal.


Water splitting[edit]




The particles continue to work over time by reverting to their initial state, for unexplained reasons.[16] It is suggested that a flip-flop mechanism between oxidation states of the Ce atom is involved. This feature differentiates cerium oxide from other inorganic anti-oxidants.[17]





  3. ^ Thermodynamic data
  5. ^ Bulfin, B.; Lowe, A. J.; Keogh, K. A.; Murphy, B. E.; Lübben, O.; Krasnikov, S. A.; Shvets, I. V. (2013). "Analytical Model of CeO2 Oxidation and Reduction". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117 (46): 24129–24137. doi:10.1021/jp406578z. 
  7. ^ Properties of Common Abrasives (Boston Museum of Fine Arts)
  8. ^ MFA Materials database.
  11. ^ Cerium dioxide. nanopartikel.info
  15. ^ Hydrogen production from solar thermochemical water splitting cycles. solarpaces.org
  17. ^ Mellaerts, Randy; Delvaux, Jan; Levêque, Philippe; Wuyts, Benjamin; Van den Mooter, Guy; Augustijns, Patrick; Gallez, Bernard; Hermansd, Ive; Martens, Johan (2012-11-14). "Screening protocol for identifying inorganic oxides with anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant activity for biomedical, environmental and food preservation applications". RSC Advances 3: 900–909. doi:10.1039/c2ra20921g. 

External links[edit]