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Shaping Earth's Surface

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Laura Wencel

on 29 April 2013

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Transcript of Shaping Earth's Surface

Visual Concept Map Weathering Types of Chemical Weathering Erosion Types of Mechanical Weathering * Water
Water dissolves the rock and after a long period of time, most of the rocks on land might be dissolved by water
* Oxygen
Oxygen can weather iron, then it can combine with oxygen to create a process called oxidation
* Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide dissolves rainfall and in water which sinks through air pockets in the soil.
* Living Organisms
When plants sprout their roots into the cracks of the rocks, and when they grow they produce weak acids.
* Acid Rain
People burn large amounts of coal and and gas, and burning these fuels pollutes the air causing acids in the clouds that form heavy acid rain Shaping Earth's Surface Weathering is the process of rock being broken up by types of weather such as rain. There is two types of Weathering called Chemical Weathering and Mechanical Weathering. * Freezing and Thawing
The water freezes up and builds up in a crack in the rock. This results in the crack widening and opening up.
* Release of Pressure
Erosion removes material from the surface which then results to the outer part of the rock to chip off.
* Plant Growth
The trees' roots enter the cracks of rocks causing the cracks to widen up and the root's to grow inside them.
* Animal Actions
When animals dig in the surface of the Earth they brake or loosen the rock.
* Abrasion
Rock Particles are grinded and are taken away by water and this results in the rock being shook up. * What is erosion?
Erosion is the process by which sediment gets picked up and moved * What is water erosion?
When it rains, some rainfall sinks into the group, other rainfall evaporates, or some is taken up by plants. The force of the rain fall can loosen or pick up sediment particles causing water erosion. * What is wind erosion?
Wind erosion is caused by deflation and abrasion. Deflation is the main way wind causes erosion, it is described as the process by which wind removes surface materials. Abrasion does little erosion, but can polish rock Clay, Silt, Sand *Clay: Smooth and silky soil that is is heavier and denser. Clay is like a fine powder, it dissolves.
* Silt: Bigger than clay, smaller than sand. It is solid dust, just like sand.
* Sand: It's rough and it does not absorb water. Sand is the second littlest particle of Soil.
* Size:
Clay < Silt < Sand (picked up) < Gravel (stays on ground) Water Erosion * Landslides When the mass of earth slides down it creates a landslide
* Mudflows When watery clay slides down a mountain a mudflow forms.
* Slump Pieces of soil and rock slide downhill when you take a step.
* Creep When items are built and a creep forms a telephone pole for example might lean downhill or a tree might lean down but then eventually come back up. •* Friction the result of two items rubbing against each other
* Slope A slope is when one end of the earth’s mass is placed higher than the other. Thus a steep slope would be one that has it’s slope fairly straight rather that laying down. * Runoff
Runoff is basically stated as water that moves over the Earth's surface. Runoff has 5 factors: Amount of rainfall, vegetation, soil type, land shape and how people use the water. The more runoff there is, the more erosion it causes. * Rills Little grooves in the earth
* Gullies As the rills go downhill they turn into gully, a large groove of a channel. As water flows through gullies, it moves soil and rocks with it, enlarging the gullies. However, they only fill up through rainfall Wind Erosion * Abrasion
Abrasion by wind carries sand and it can polish rock but it causes little erosion.
* Deflation
Deflation is the process by which wind removes surface materials off of the earth's surface. The stronger the wind is, the bigger particles it can pick up. Slightly heavier particles such as sand might skip or bounce for a short distance, but eventually it will fall to the ground because it is to heavy for wind to carry. Strong winds can even roll heavier sediment particles over the ground.

Deposition Wind Deposition All the sediment picked up by wind eventually falls to the ground and this happens when the wind slows down or some obstacles such as a boulder or a clump of grass traps the windblown sand sediment. Wind erosion and deposition may form sand dunes and loess deposits You can describe deposition as the action of sediment being deposited at the bottom of the river or lake. By Laura Wencel Thank You For Watching!
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