Figure 2. Comparison of head pattern of (top to bottom) Philadelphia, Red-eyed, and Warbling vireos. Note subtle differences in bill length and face pattern. Philadelphia is easily separated from the previous two species by possessing a pale yellow lower throat and chest. Warbling is most similar in size and shape to Philadelphia but lacks the prominent dark lores. Only Red-eyed has the dark border along the edge of the cap, which is most prominent over the eye. Warbling and Philadelphia vireos have dark brown eyes.

Donna L. Dittmann

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