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Chapter 5- Absolute Monarchs in Europe

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1 Chapter 5- Absolute Monarchs in Europe
Section 1: Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism Section 2: The Reign of King Louis XIV Section 3: Central European Monarchs Clash Section 4: Absolute Rulers of Russia Section 5: Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

2 Charles V’s Kingdom

3 What justifies absolute power?
Discuss reasons on page 160 and 161 When is it acceptable to take away limits on power? Have our Presidents ever stretched the limits of their power? What crosses the line between a strong ruler and a despot/dictator. Bodin’s quote- pg 161

4 Spain as a world power Charles V controls a huge Empire! (map)
Phillip II inherits Spain Source of riches Catholicism vs. __________ & __________ Defeat of the Armada – English navy Late 1500s Spain economy/ empire lose power- Reasons? (pg. 158)

5 Power in Dutch hands Netherlands split from Spain- along what lines? (map) What advantages to they have over other nations?( pg. 160) How were the Netherlands in 1600 like Italy in 1400s.

6 Dutch Republic

7 France’s gains control in Europe
Protestants (Huguenots) and Catholics struggle for control in France King Henry IV converts for peace- limits restriction on religion Why was a Cardinal able to “rule” despite there being a king? Who was seen as a threat to the monarchy? - Nobles Spain Protestants

8 All that power… King Louis XIV is unquestioned leader- “L’etat c’est moi” What does King Louis do to keep nobles subservient to him? ( ) Why did the nobles’ revolt fail? New sources of wealth- how can we show our power? - King’s lifestyle - expand - wage war

9 More money, more problems
Failed wars, extravagance leave France financially unstable France makes a lot of enemies- Europe unites against them (War of Spanish succession) What were the pros and cons of Louis XIV rule? Create a brochure for the Palace of Versailles- work alone or in pairs.

10 Central Europe See Map on pg A21 of the Atlas and pg 170. Identify the countries in Central Europe that are on both maps. Hapsburgs- royal family that controls several different areas in Europe Reign in Austria, Spain, Naples, some German states- Goal= Establish centralized, Catholic rule in Central Europe. Holy Roman Empire is the closest thing to getting that done.

11 Thirty Years’ War Conflict erupts over, you guessed it, religion and territory. Peace of Augsburg (Ch 1)- German princes can pick own religion Catholics (including Hapsburg Ferdinand II) vs. Lutheran princes fight for power and territory What are the two phases of the war? (169) With help from France (Why did they help non-Catholics?) Hapsburgs defeated

12 Treat to end the 30 years’ war: Peace of Westphalia
Which empires were weakened? Which were strengthened? Biggest outcome- central Europe will be made of smaller states, not a large empire. Most empires are weak- use feudal system and can’t compete with Western Europe in world trade. Two emerge… What were the leaders of Prussia and Austria like? What was their rivalry based on?

13 Seven Years War involves large empires and small states aligned along common lines.
Austria allies with France and Russia Prussia allies with England. New type of war: fought on three continents British victory sets the table for expansion in the 1800s.

14 Absolutism in Russia- Section4
Russia’s size and location affect its identity

15 Strong Rulers Unite Expansive State
How did Ivan III and Vasily help make Russia stable and increase its power? Absolute ruler Ivan IV (the Terrible) calls himself “czar”. Who are his only rivals to power- how did he treat them? How are Ivan’s “good” and “bad” periods characterized? How was a new ruler chosen when no capable heir was present? (Romanovs)

16 West side is the best side?
Was Russia’s economy more like Central or Western Europe’s (Serfs or no serfs?) Three reasons why Russia was so different from the rest of Europe- (175) What did Peter (Romanov absolute ruler ) like about the West? How did he learn more about Western practices? Peter’s view on absolute power: 176 What reforms did he introduce?

17 Russia Westernizes Peter’s rivals lose power- Easrtern Orthodox Church, the boyars- how does he accomplish this? Why were China and Japan not rivals for Russian lands in the east at this time? What agricultural products did Russia depend on? How was education emphasized?

18 Bout in England Monarchs vs. Parliament
As you read this section: Make notes of Monarchs’ victories over Parliament and vice versa: Round 1- James I: Access to country’s treasury vs. passing Puritan Reforms Round 2- Charles I Access to country’s treasury vs. Signing of the Petition of Right - Charles goes back on word: backlash

19 English Civil War and consequences
Royalist Cavaliers vs. Puritan supporters of Parliament= monarchy at stake Monarch ousted- General Oliver Cromwell in charge - limits on individual rights still endure - no tolerance for Catholics Round 3 – Oliver Cromwell: A Parliament vs. a commonwealth

20 Back to Monarchical Model
After Cromwell, monarchy is restored- Charles II Round 4- Charles II; monarch’s absolute power vs. rights of the accused (Habeas Corpus Act) Charles II dies with no heir- James II new king. Wait… a Catholic king? With the help of Parliament, Mary takes throne from her dad.

21 New type of Monarchy in England
Round 5: Mary ( and William)- Absolute monarchy vs. constitutional monarchy. William and Mary consent to Bill of Rights- limits royal power, written guarantees of protection. How to prevent future monarchy vs. parliament conflicts- Cabinet System!

22 Written response section
These two topics will be part of the test on Chapt 5 written response section. Plan ahead and be prepared. The motives for Westernization and the methods used to Westernize Peter’s Russia Describe the successes Parliament had in limiting abuses of royal power between the reigns of James I and William and Mary.

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