Language, literacy and numeracy

What are LLN skills?

classroomLanguage, literacy and numeracy (LLN) skills relate to how we communicate with each other. LLN skills are often, but not always, used at the same time.


Language relates to the words, verbal structures and gestures we use to convey meaning. This includes communication forms such as speaking, listening, reading, writing and visual communication (such as the Australian sign language – AUSLAN). Language also encompasses broad groupings, such as English, Mandarin, Warlpiri, and industry-specific jargon, acronyms and technical references. These can change and evolve over time. The value placed on the different communication forms of language will vary.


Literacy means being able to read and use written information. It also means being able to contextualise your writing in an appropriate way. Literacy involves sythesising speaking, listening and critical thinking with reading and writing. Literacy skills allow us to interact effectively with one another. Literacy requirements change over time, so we need to continually adapt and extend our literacy skills.

The Dept of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations defines literacy as ‘… the ability to read, write, speak and listen to language in a way that allows people to communicate with each other and to make sense of the world.’


Numeracy is the practical application of mathematical skills to absorb, use and critically evaluate information in numerical or graphical form. Numeracy skills include basic number skills, spatial and graphical concepts, the use of measurement and problem-solving. Numeracy and literacy are interlinked particularly when extracting mathematical information from written text.

The Dept of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations defines numeracy as ‘… using mathematics effectively to meet the general demands of day to day life at home, at work and in society generally.’


Department of Education and Training