中文    /   Eng

Construction of Hainan natural rubber industry chain of circular economy

Date:March 25,2009

　　Chain is in a certain geographical area, with a particular industry competitive or potentially competitive enterprises as the nuclear chain, and related industries enterprise products, technology and capital as a link to a form of value added features strategic relationship chain. Recycling economy is a closed circle economy for short, it is the traditional linear economy to a non-linear model of development of the economy. Circular economy industrial chain is to use the principles of circular economy, according to supply and demand relationship between enterprises build industry chain, characterized in that the whole economic system in the material, the closed-loop flow of energy, eco-efficiency of the system. Hainan is the main planting base of natural rubber, natural rubber is not only an important strategic materials and industrial raw materials and national defense construction, but also the main economic income of farmers in Hainan, Hainan Rubber Study therefore circular economy industrial chain to stabilize natural rubber raw material market and promote regional development of Hainan has important significance.
　　First, the principle of circular economy
　　Circular Economy (circular economy) is a substance called closed-loop flow-based economy. It advocates the model of economic development in harmony with nature, is the traditional mode of economic growth from the "resources - products - waste emissions" open-loop mode into "resources - products - renewable resources," closed-loop mode, throughout the production, consumption and process all of the waste material and energy constantly circulating, thereby reducing the impact of economic activities on the natural environment to the smallest possible extent. Follow the circular economy 3R principle of "reduce, reuse, recycle" principle. Among them, the reduction or dematerialization (Reducing) principle belong input method, aimed at reducing the flow into the production and consumption of material quality; recycling or reuse principles (Reusing) process method belongs, is extending the products and services time intensity; resource recycling or principle (recycling) output of the case method, the waste into resources again to reduce the amount of final disposal.
　　Second, the circular economy industrial chain construction method
　　According to principles of circular economy, circular economy industrial chain, including product chain, waste chain, water ecological chain, the energy information ecological chain and chain.
　　Product chain is the foundation and core of circular economy industrial chain. Through the processing of primary raw materials and products, deep processing and finishing process of the formation of the product chain, not only to enhance the value of the commodity, but also help reduce logistics consumption, lower production costs. Construction product chain structure should be analyzed according to the composition of raw materials available components, select leading products, extending their production chains and by-products chain through economic, technical and environmental feasibility analysis to determine the product chain structure for regional economic development. Product chain including the existing product structure and product chain chain structure with development potential. For existing product chain, should analyze the rationality of the product structure and industrial structure, mainstream product chain extension and strengthening; the potential of the product chain, easier to achieve the short-term focus on the product chain, taking into account whether the region with other industrial development. Product chain should take the form of resource utilization of each node, improved resource utilization of each node to form a stable product chain. While building the product chain can not pursue a complete and final product's chains, but to select the most favorable development model based on the regional situation. Waste is an important part of the chain of circular economy industrial chain, is a supplement and perfect the product chain. Waste chain consists of two levels, one by waste treatment or disposal to reduce environmental risks, on the other hand is to achieve waste resource. Waste and resources is a relative concept, a process for producing the waste generated during the process can be used as an alternative raw material (resources) production, more production of waste generated in the process, help resources consumption, low efficiency. For unavoidable waste generated by the waste chain upstream (companies) waste is converted into the downstream segment (business) raw materials, in order to achieve circular economy recycled or recycling process. Waste chain have mainly considered resource utilization value of waste. For existing industrial structure, composition analysis and utilization of waste; industrial structure for the program, but also to analyze the composition and utilization of waste that may arise.
　　Water ecosystem including internal or external water cascade use, reuse and concentrate on regional water supply and sewage treated. Water is an important resource of industrial development, according to the industrial production process for water quality requirements, can cascade use of water resources. By recycling and cascade utilization of waste water, sewage discharge and reduce the use of fresh water.
　　Energy ecosystem including regional centralized energy supply, energy cascade utilization, waste heat utilization and waste of energy. Regional energy supply should be implemented according to the quality and quantity of waste heat energy supply, energy quality according to different implementations of cascade energy, recycling of the production process or the use of waste to act as energy, in order to reduce consumption of energy and thermal pollution.
　　IT chain, including technical advice, regional environmental management, product development and sales, the flow of talent and training. Regional product chain, the chain of waste, water and energy ecosystem ecosystem rely on the support and management of information technology, through the dissemination of information to optimize the flow of matter and energy, thereby reducing the final emission resource consumption and waste.
　　Third, Hainan Natural Rubber Construction of circular economy industrial chain
　　Natural rubber from Hevea Brazil in tapping its latex processing. Natural latex rubber-containing component and a non-rubber components with plastic components can be produced rubber (solid) and concentrated latex products, biochemicals Quebrachitol non-rubber component containing pharmaceutical value. Rubber and rubber wood rubber tree seeds after the update have a higher value in use. Therefore, resources include natural rubber latex, rubber wood seeds and updates. Because the extraction of non-latex rubber components Quebrachitol currently limited to laboratory research stage, it is difficult to form a chain, the chain of rubber products including rubber product chain, rubber and rubber wood product chain seed production chain. Waste utilization value having a rubber industry mainly rubber, so the main chain of waste rubber waste utilization. Since there are only the beginning of Hainan rubber processing industry, so the water ecosystem including the early disposal and recycling rubber processing wastewater; energy ecosystem mainly solid glue drying process energy supply.
　　A) the product chain
　　Hainan has been formed latex primary processing products chain and rubber wood industry chain, but latex primary processing product types do not meet the market demand, adjust the product structure, while extending rubber product chain; and rubber wood industry chain there is a small business waste of resources, large enterprises shortage of raw material supply situation in the province, should achieve market allocation of resources of rubber wood, rubber wood rational use of resources. Hainan Rubber product chain should therefore in all aspects of cultivation, collection, product structure and industrial distribution of raw materials such improvements.
　　1. rubber product chain
　　Rubber product chain including rubber cultivation, latex collection, primary processing of latex and rubber processing.
　　Planting (1) raw materials
　　Rubber should be large-scale cultivation and base construction, promote high-yield, high-quality, new varieties of rubber bakelite Jianyou ensure the quantity and quality of latex and rubber wood raw materials; update low, old, disabled rubber plantations, rubber plantations to strengthen the management, carry out anti seedling disease, nutrition, such as the deployment of process control, improve the yield per unit area of ??substance.
　　Collection (2) of raw materials
　　Granulated rubber and latex concentrate mainly latex rubber plantation plus ammonia collection methods of preservation, with the adjustment of product structure, should develop rubber plantations gel technology for the production of radial tire. By using salt coagulant coagulated latex rubber plantation gel technology, the cost per ton of dry rubber can lower the freezing 63.3 yuan, and 40% reduction in traffic; while improving the quality of latex, in favor of radial tire production.
　　(3) primary processing latex
　　First latex processing products for smoked sheet, crepe rubber, rubber granules and latex concentrate. Hainan natural rubber products for the primary processing of plastic particles and high ammonia concentrated latex, rubber particles which accounted for 80% of total production, latex concentrate 17.6% of total production, the remainder being other varieties. Radial tire rubber latex concentrate and lack of limiting the development of the tire industry and high-end latex products industry, the impact of the rubber to enhance efficiency. 70% of China's natural rubber is used in the manufacture of tires, currently suitable for the production of special rubber tire yield very little, with the development of the automobile industry and agricultural industry, tire demand will increase dramatically. Hainan currently on the 5th standard rubber particles (SCR5) mainly used SCR5 bias tire manufacturing will increase tire raw material costs, while SCR5 can not fully meet the radial tire production. Radial tire rubber tire mainstream products, not only low demand for raw materials, processing costs lower than the standard rubber 50 to 100 yuan / ton, higher processing profits by 3% to 5%; and the superior performance radial tire, having a high-speed safety, energy efficiency , low rolling resistance and high wear resistance, is conducive to environmental improvement. Hainan should therefore improve the primary processing of rubber product structure, vigorously develop radial tire rubber products and high-quality latex concentrate.
　　(4) deep processing of rubber
　　In rubber products, rubber content is generally only about 50%, while most of the products, but 20% to 30% only. Thus, the value of goods created by rubber manufactures, often 5 to 10 times more than its raw rubber. With the adjustment of product structure, increase radial tire production, Hainan should accelerate the development of radial tires industry. The development of the tire industry must promote the development of the rubber industry, the formation of a rubber reinforcing materials, rubber additives, carbon black, rubber, machinery and other products branch. Carbon black is a rubber reinforcing filler, is second only to raw rubber material, carbon black and special relatively strong, typical passenger car tire, generally use four to five varieties of carbon black, accounting for the amount of cars 25% to 30% of the tire. Hainan is rich in oil and gas resources, with the production of carbon black resources. Carbon black is not suitable for hand-range transport, general factories or exported to neighboring countries in the region closer to the user, the development of Hainan is the tire industry, has great market demand, and therefore suitable for the development of Hainan high-end carbon black industry, especially market gap, adaptation and quality radial tire rubber products, soft black industry. Rubber reinforcing materials, the steel skeleton total lack of material, incomplete varieties, Hainan has a high-quality iron ore resources and iron and steel processing enterprises advantages for the development of high value-added steel cord lucrative industry.
　　2. Seed rubber product chain
　　Rubber seed oil was 22% to 25%. Semi-drying oil, refined edible after detoxification, its nutrients and peanut oil and soybean oil are similar and can treat high cholesterol, refined waste for the production of fertilizer. Hainan natural rubber planting area of ??39.13 × 104 hectares of rubber seeds can produce annually 44 × 104 tons of edible oil 10.6 × 104 tons of diesel fat 15.8 × 104 tons. It is possible to extend the rubber seeds - oil - fertilizer product chain.
　　3. Rubber wood product chain
　　After aging rubber tree felling needs updating after modified chemically treated rubber wood, with hard texture, stripes clear, appearance and other characteristics, is an excellent raw materials for furniture. Rubber wood products chain including rubber wood - Lumber and rubber wood - furniture two product chains. In 2004, Hainan has an area of ??39.13 × 104 hectares of rubber plantation, at 3% of the theoretical update speedometer, each year about 1.17 × 104 hectares of rubber plantation update; currently Hainan rubber wood growth of 34.2 m3 / ha (30 to 40 after implantation years), the use of bakelite excellent both varieties, and other measures to strengthen the management of rubber plantations, rubber wood growth can reach 75 m3 / ha, the province's annual update of rubber wood production was 87.75 × 104 cubic meters, 55% of the board Fangcai theoretical volume ratio meter, the province can produce 48.26 × 104 Li Fangmi Lumber year.
　　(B) the waste chain
　　Due to the shortage of natural rubber resources and oil resources, the waste rubber products should be utilization.
　　Because the reclaimed rubber powder production and energy consumption, serious pollution, environmental constraints more, according to the characteristics of Hainan's economic development, the prototype can be considered appropriate use of waste rubber, tire retreading is especially pre-cured retreading steel radial tire business, profits can reach more than 30%; the other hand, the high calorific value of waste rubber, just below the oil, generating heat which is easier to achieve, can be used in power plants, cement plants and other industries, but should establish the appropriate waste rubber recycling and buy-back channels.
　　(Iii) water ecological chain
　　Processing of raw materials, including natural rubber latex, gels and miscellaneous plastic, latex and adhesive production concentrated two products. A large number of clear plastic adhesive production waste water generated in the process can be recycled, used to configure the acidic water, transport latex clot, reducing fresh water 10 m3 / ton of dry rubber; latex after solidification and 2% of the rubber component remaining in the waste water tanks can be adjusted so that the rubber component natural rubber particles flocculation recovery, the recovery rate up to 90%; skim wastewater concentration of organic matter cycles of high (10 to 20 g / l), by anaerobic - aerobic treatment can gas energy recovery, processing 1 kg COD can produce 0.5 cubic meters of biogas. Treated water quality is better, it can be used for agriculture, forestry, irrigation. Concentrated latex production process of plastic waste can be cleared off the ammonia recovery for ammonia latex preservative, then add acid coagulation wastewater recycling rubber component. Skim wastewater deaminase process helps to reduce the amount of acid the subsequent gel process, recyclable pure ammonia 2.1 kg / ton skim waste water, saving an amount of sulfuric acid 5.9 kg / ton skim wastewater.
　　(Iv) energy ecosystem
　　Natural rubber drying process using heavy oil as its main energy, natural gas as auxiliary energy, while the use of biogas from wastewater treatment as a supplementary energy, energy structure is more reasonable.
　　(V) IT chain
　　IT chain, including the establishment of research and development system, development of new varieties of rubber research and breeding, cultivation, plant protection, harvesting, processing, and utilization of all aspects of technological innovation, increase rubber production and quality; the establishment of technical extension services system, the latest cultivation techniques, tapping system, management, dissemination of information to the rubber plantation rubber producers and processors to improve the quality of raw materials and primary products; the establishment of network marketing system, increase market share; the establishment of government hatch mechanism, strengthen management and rubber industry guide the development of rubber industry.
　　Product chain is a continuous process of resources, since the region has a dispersion of resources, must take into account the effective allocation of resources, should encourage pooling of resources, be conducive to the formation of effective logistics, energy flow, improve resource conversion rate, to form a stable industrial chain . For example, large-scale cultivation, processing; rubber wood resources preferentially furniture manufacturing enterprises. It can promote the dispersion concentration of resources through legal, administrative, economic and other means, but must take into account the interests of fair distribution of resources, avoid the formation of monopolies to protect the vital interests of resource producers, in order to ensure continuity of supply of resources. Resources and location advantages can enrich the structure of the product chain, the formation of branched products. Hainan's tropical climate is conducive to the production of natural rubber; rich oil and gas resources not only to the development of synthetic rubber, and can produce carbon black for rubber, rubber textile reinforcing material; a rich source of iron ore to produce steel cord reinforcing material; refining process produces byproduct sulfur and limestone to produce rubber additives. Development of rubber industry can provide a tire, automotive rubber products, but also conducive to promoting the development of the automobile industry.
　　Waste chain industry chain is the most easily overlooked aspect of the waste chain not only pollution, but converted to waste reasonable resources, access to economic benefits, so the waste chain can often be formed or drive the development of new industries.
　　Industry cluster development, water and energy ecosystem ecological chain formation region can share resources; if dispersed industry, energy and water ecosystem ecological chain within the enterprise, businesses should minimize fresh water and energy consumption.
　　Circular economy industrial chain, especially the formation and development of the information chain without government coordination and promotion, the government should establish appropriate incubation mechanism, promote the rational use of resources and orderly development of the industry. At the same industry standards should be established so that every aspect of the product is conducive to subsequent use.

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