cell, centrioles of

(redirected from membrane of, transport through cell)

cell, centrioles of (sen´trēōls),

n.pl cylinder-shaped organelles that contain microtubules. Function is to organize spindle fibers during cell division.
cell, connective tissue,
n the fibroblast, which for purposes of clarity is characterized by such terms as
perivascular connective tissue cell or
young connective tissue cell.
cell count,
n the number of cells contained in a unit volume; usually refers to red and/or white blood cells in a unit volume of blood.
cell culture,
n living cells that are maintained in vitro in artificial media of serum and nutrients for the study and growth of certain strains, experiments in controlling diseases, or study of the reaction to certain drugs or agents.
cell cycle,
n the sequence of events that occur during the growth and division of tissue cells.
cell, cytoplasm of
n the aqueous part of the cell in which are suspended all the organelles and inclusions. Site of all metabolic activities in the cell.
cell death,
n the point in the process of dying at which vital functions have ceased at the cellular level. It precludes the use of tissue or organs as transplant donors.
cell, defense,
n a cell, mobilized within inflamed, irritated, or otherwise diseased tissue, that acts as a protective element to neutralize or wall off the foreign irritant. Defense cells include plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
cell, dendritic (sel dendrit´ik),
n the immune cells involved in the activation of T cells and B cells. They are primarily found in exposed tissue such as skin, the lungs, the stomach and intestines, and the membranes of the nose, but they are also found in blood. Not to be confused with dendrites.
cell differentiation,
n the development of the cells into the various basic cell units of tissue: the epithelial cell and the nerve cell, which arise from the ectodermal tissue layer of the embryo; and the blood, muscle, bone, cartilage, and other connective tissue cells, which arise from the mesodermal tissue of the embryo. The mature tissue cell has many intermediary, transitional forms that are sequential in their development from the primitive, less differentiated anlage cell forms. These intermediary forms are evident clinically in disease in blood dyscrasias, tumors, and inflammation and in health in the normal processes of growth, development, healing, and repair.
cell, endoplasmic reticulum of,
cell, endosteal,
n a reticular cell that is modified and identified by its location; the endosteum is a condensation of the stroma of the bone marrow.
cell, filaments of,
n.pl threadlike structures the function of which is to support the cytoskeleton; also integral parts of intercellular junctions.
cell, germ,
n a cell of an organism the function of which is to reproduce an entity similar to the organism from which the germ cell originated. Germ cells are characteristically haploid.
cell, giant,
n a large cell frequently having several nuclei.
cell, Golgi complex in,
cell homeostasis,
cell, homeostasis of
cell, inclusions of,
n.pl nonliving bodies, by-products of cellular metabolism present in the cytoplasm.
cell, Langerhans,
n.pr star-shaped cells of unknown function that appear to be permanent residents of the epithelium.
cell, lysosomes in
n.pl membranous organelles produced from the Golgi complex; contain hydrolytic enzymes, which aid intracellular digestion.
cell membrane,
n the outer covering of a cell. The membrane controls the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment.
cell, membrane of, transport through,
n the movement of biomolecules into and out of cells. See diffusion, osmosis, active transport, phagocytosis.
cell, mesenchymal
n an embryonic connective tissue cell with an outstanding capacity for proliferation and capable of further differentiation into reticular cells or osteoblasts. When persisting in the adult organism, the cells are usually arranged in loose connective tissue along the small blood vessels or in reticular fibers. They are identified by their location and capacity to differentiate into other cell types, such as smooth muscle cells in the formation of new arteries, phagocytes in inflammatory processes, and bone cells in the formation of new bone tissue.
cell, microtubules of,
n.pl See microtubule.
cell, mitochondria of,
n.pl See mitochondria.
cell, mucous,
n a mucous-secreting cell.
cell, nucleus of,
n See nucleus.
cell, outer, of the dental papillae,
n an outer cell of the dental papilla within the concavity of the enamel organ that will differentiate into dentin-secreting cells or odontoblasts.
cell, plasma,
n a cell of disputed origin (lymphatic versus undifferentiated mesenchymal cell) that is seen in chronic inflammation and certain disease states and tumors but not normally in the circulating blood. The cell is larger than a lymphocyte and has a cartwheel-like, eccentric nucleus with basophilic nuclear chromatin peripherally located. The cells synthesize antibodies (immunoglobulins).
cell, progenitor,
n a cell that is able to transform into different types of cells through replication and differentiation.
cell, replication,
n See mitosis.
cell, reticular,
n a cell of reticular connective tissue, such as in the stroma of the bone marrow, that retains both osteogenic and hematopoietic potencies; it is identified by its location, morphology, potency, and direct origin from mesenchymal cells.
cell, serous,
n a specialized glandular epithelial cell that produces enzymatic secretions. These cells have a rounded nucleus and special secretory granules, or vesicles, in their cytoplasm. Serous cells include the acinar cells of the salivary glands and pancreas, gastric chief cells, and intestinal Paneth cells.
cell, somatic
n a cell that forms parts of the body, including the cells of the skin, bone, blood, connective tissue, and internal organs. From the Greek word
soma, meaning “body.”
cell, stem,
n.pl the cells in the bone marrow from which all blood cells originate.
cell, typical,
n See cell.
cell wall,
n See cell membrane.
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