1. Read the short paragraphs below and choose the answers (a-d) that best fit each gap.

Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, 1)_____ from different studies suggested that people can improve their health via exercise, enough sleep, 2)_____ a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking. In addition to that, the ability to adapt and to self manage have been suggested as core components of human health. Personal health also 3)_____ partially on the social structure of a person’s life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities 4)_____ to positive mental health and even increased 5)_____. In contrast, prolonged psychological stress may negatively 6)_____ health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive 7)_____, and expression of disease.








a) datum

a) holding

a) dependant

a) have been linked

a) well-being

a) impact

a) sickness

b) data

b) saving

b) depending

b) had been linked

b) wealth

b) attack

b) illness

c) dates

c) maintaining

c) depends

c) linked

c) health

c) react

c) damage

d) datas

d) keeping

d) depended

d) link

d) longevity

d) force

d) injury

Over 200 virus strains are implicated in the 8)_____ of the common cold; the rhinoviruses are the most common. They spread through the air during close contact with infected people and indirectly through contact with infected objects. Risk factors include going to day-care, not sleeping well, and psychological stress. Symptoms are mostly due to the body’s immune response to the infection 9)_____ to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves. In the early stages of infection, it can be difficult to distinguish between the common cold and influenza. The latter is commonly referred to as the flu and is usually a more severe disease than a cold. In fact, influenza is a mixture of 10)_____ of the common cold and pneumonia. Influenza patients may 11)_____ fever, body aches, headache, diarrhoea, sore throat, runny nose, vomiting, and fatigue. No 12)_____ for the common cold exists, but the symptoms 13)_____. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may help with pain. Antibiotics should not be used. In addition, evidence from research does not support any benefit from cough 14)_____.








a) reason

a) rather than

a) symptoms

a) struggle for

a) tool

a) can treat

a) pills

b) cause

b) instead of

b) evidence

b) be in pain with

b) cure

b) will be treated

b) medicines

c) basis

c) before

c) signs

c) suffer from

c) mean

c) can be treated

c) remedies

d) matter

d) unlike

d) diagnostics

d) be addicted to

d) recipe

d) are being treated

d) solutions

Do we eat too much junk food? The answer, it seems, is: yes, we do! The UK now has one ofthe highest levels of 15)_____ in Europe – and people are continuing to get fatter. In 1980, 2.5million people were overweight; this figure is now 24 million.The government plans to introduce a voluntary system where supermarkets use coloured labelsto show consumers which products are healthy. For example, a traffic light system of labels wouldshow red, amber and green symbols to tell if a product has high, medium, or low levels of salt orfat, or has added sugar and calories.Another plan is to ban adverts for junk food on television before 9 o’clock in the evening. Thisis 16)_____ many children watch TV until then. If this ban 17)_____ effect, it will cover productshigh in fat, salt or sugar. That includes burgers, crisps, and 18)_____ drinks.The UK health system 19)_____ over £6 billion a year as a result of alcohol use – or misuse.20)_____ the new measures, labels on alcohol, like beer and wine, will also be clearer. But willsuch measures change the way we eat and drink? Many people believe that the government shouldnot tell people what to do. 21)_____, whose fault is it if we choose to eat too much chocolate?

a) overweight

a) when

a) come onto

a) soft drinks

a) is spending

a) Before

a) Otherwise

a) overweight

a) when

a) come onto

a) soft drinks

a) is spending

a) Before

a) Otherwise

b) fatness

b) because

b) come up to

b) still drinks

b) used to spend

b) Under

b) Nevertheless

c) obesity

c) what

c) come into

c) hot drinks

c) spends

c) Because of

c) First of all

d) fullness

d) how

d) come over

d) cold drinks

d) spent

d) Up to

d) After all

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