We already forgot about Murder Hornets like the dormant problem of WASPs

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Readers, students, scholars, those with access to books in the twenty first century hardly consider the characters present in them to be anything other than white. How can it be so? Some jump to the action of “pandering” as a concern by confusing the term to refer to others getting special treatment, despite the definition implying otherwise, because the straight white person did not make headlines for the day. Others who are outside of this group of people oppose this calling for more diversity when most of the media we consume is still written, acted, you name it by the so glorified white. When we limit who is able to be present in the lines we read and scenes we see on tv every day, as a society, we also silence those born with a voice meant to be shared to better the world around us.

Beauty in manuscripts

Let us head back in time and investigate where exactly books went wrong in having a diverse set of characters and writers. Before COVID-19 and the widespread protests of the US, I started one of the most famous medieval works, “The Romance of the Rose” only to realize its allegories represent its time. A modern read proves difficult when the characters lecture the reader on how religion, relationships, education, and more topics should be in their life. Contemporary times have changed these institutional norms when we consider the context around the publishing and writing of this work and the others created around the same time. I’m talking about how now countries and societies allow an accessible education and there is more than one correct religion; not everyone has to be tied to a religion anymore as well since there is much less of a fear put into that. But what about what the characters looked like as far as their dress, skin color, can all modern readers find a character relatable?

Simply put, the answer is no. However, I would assert that physical descriptions in Romance of the Rose and similar manuscripts of the time were rare. Author’s back then acknowledged the reader through lectures as I said and maintaining arguments about faith, relationships, and other life questions with references to books older than their own from before the 12th century and the Middle Ages. I find it notable how when a physical attribute is mentioned, they uplift the adorned white characters there for allegorical argument.  The translator, Horgan, translates Reason speaking highly of herself when she tells our dreaming protagonist to; “Gaze on this form and see yourself in my bright face. No high-born maiden was ever as free to love as I am” (Horgan 89).   Do not get me wrong, I understand this line hardly implies reason’s skin color, but it is not difficult to find pictures from the adorned manuscript online.

Pavane, “The Dance in the Garden” illumination from the Roman de la rose, Toulouse, early 16th century; in the British Library (Harley MS 4425, fol. 14v) https://www.britannica.com/art/pavane

Why does the appearance described in the text and seen imbedded on the page matter? “These books are highly interactive. Nearly all medieval manuscripts provide ample space in the margins for readers’ notes and comments.” (Khan Academy). Simply put, descriptions in the manuscript of who is speaking are rare, I struggled finding my quote from above. Instead, the author’s concerns lie in their arguments on biblical and natural rules from friendship to marriage justified by Ovid and philosophers in the likes of Plato. Essentially, they discuss topics relevant to groups of power at the time who may pursue these life milestones since they are literate and can read manuscripts on how to do so. Some readers could claim it is easy to simply picture these characters who are role models to the story as good look like them if they just tell themselves such a lie. However, I would like to pinpoint the Khan Academy source and how it does relate to interactivity is important, take for example the higher social standings present in the above picture made clear by the beautifully stitched decorations and detailed outfits. The pictures not only show their superior dress to the reader themselves who more than likely does not look ready for a tea party at the Queen’s while reading in their dorm room. No, instead it also means if you represent any group of non-white people, the arguments laid out in front of you are especially not for you to interact with since you cannot find a pixel in the picture shared by you. Where is my point going with this? As a reader, the lectures Reason, Fair Welcome, and the rest of the cast undermine everyone encountering the text for the first time or maybe even a second when they lack a WASP background. This was a group of people who conquered the land where Guillaume De Lorris, Jean De Meun, and Chaucer wrote without the preceding knowledge they would prior to dominate the playing field of literature for centuries, all the way until today. Here is a link for more context which I found feasible.

Knowing this definition and the pictures from the decorations adorned in the original Rose manuscript, a twenty-first century reader questions if they are even worthy of reading. They do not fit the outfits or even the skin color in some cases of a group seeming to be morally perfect the farther along into the chapters they get. Sure, the point of views we hear in certain chapters contain bias filled with more lines of men’s fear of women cheating on them and intelligence coming from the books you read. However, the Rose text depicts its life advice works on heteronormative white people from the morals of the story and those able to read at the time, hence the struggling white couple on the cover.

Let us talk about freedom for a minute before moving on to a 20th century work. Romance of the Rose is a product of its time as we have been talking about. I found it interesting in the chapter containing advice from the old woman, she mentions the following predicament: “Moreover, woman are born free; the law has bound them by taking away from them the freedoms Nature had given them.” (Horgan 214). I still think back to a time in my medieval literature class where we read a story where the good Christians paid no remorse for slaughtering Muslims for their skin color and differing beliefs when it came to God. It is still buried somewhere in my memory what the name of the manuscript was, but you do not have to look far in the middle ages. The Canterbury Tales offers ironic descriptions of a diverse cast of characters whose author encourages dislike of the traits making them different than the everyday folk of the century. According to the previous quote, one is born free into the natural world surrounding them, if only we understood this key advice now when we judge others before they can exchange names with us.

We take these manuscripts, knowing they were first published and chosen by the few able to write them in the first place. resulting in masses reading about themselves. That is for those able to read at the time  We were a class of all white students backgrounds unknown who couldn’t imagine a world where those born of another demographic cannot read the same books we were reading. Little did we know this used to very much be the case, feel free to read more here.

Centuries later, the reader presence matters

Moving on now to the twenty-first century, a huge jump but you’ll understand why, I want to talk about the readers of today who now have access to manuscripts, novels, and short stories, pretty much a plethora of reads from more sources than ever thanks to the ever expanding internet. I am talking Wattpad, Reddit, those sorts of places which let us avid readers continue learning every day, whether it involves picking up a book or not, it cannot be denied that literature serves as a tool. Schools have total utilitarian power over this considering almost every class requires a book or two created by an author with a purpose in mind. Yet most readings still come from the outdated perspective see from manuscripts of courtly love, to the esteemed novel of the Nineteenth century. This background is a WASP one engrained in the readings as the institutions of publishers and schools continue to primarily push what a white person relates to and finds their names/faces in with ease. Yes you can say it simply is what was popular, but I maintain it has become a system where difference is hard for others to accept and I’m going to cite the one black reading I had in high school for senior year to describe this first impression discomfort.  

Remembering what you read in high school? Do not worry, this is a rhetorical question as I am sure it was nothing special besides that one with the rich guy who partied a lot, no I do not mean your classmate, but I’m talking Gatsby. The beginning of K-12 practically sets up expectations I’d say around middle school for English class readings and they usually end up being a chore of a reading with good guy, first off usually a guy right, dealing with problems he easily conquers thanks to his privilege which we probably didn’t realize at the time. Let us be clear nobody liked English class or the assigned reading unless you were similar to me, maybe where you were always looking to expand your library and even learn how to write from these canonized authors. Take my senior class, a group of young adults some already 18 tackling the novel “Beloved” by Toni Morrison. It is a work canonized and now asserted as pinnacle in the movement of black literature as it depicts loss of agency and happiness in a time of slavery. Sethe, the central protagonist, loses her daughter whilst escaping slavery only to have her show up in her life again but in a supernatural reincarnation of someone else’s body. There is so much going on that it is a lot to summarize very quickly so I just recommend reading it for yourself to see what you think.

As a group of mostly white standard conservative school district students ready to graduate, we did not fully grasp what was going on. Looking at the novel as sort of a test we had to pass instead of an important piece of art which was selected as our reading for a reason. I also think this was due to the style of writing which appears convoluted at first with the disconnected narration and ghostly elements to the setting and the house the characters live in. You really get used to the white style like the manuscripts I talked about where we see a hero, typically of WASP nature or heritage, and they go along on their quest perfectly fine without the obstacles of others stopping them and taking away what is theirs because of the color of their skin. We, as a class, were presented with a novel breaking all of these norms we were used to thanks to most of the literature published and written until now; and I feel we were not as present in the discomfort of reading something new as we could have been.

I had to look up some beloved quotes because I need to read it again. I am close to finishing my current read and I am against starting multiple books at once. The one which immediately resonated with today, no questions or doubts was this one. “Definitions belong to the definers, not the defined.” (Morrison). The trustworthy community for those quotes that sick with you after the initial read. I forgot the context of this part; however, it sounds accurate to the racial tension post-civil war movement and it still does now. Another detail I remember from the text was the style and voice Morrison carried which we did not agree with as it opposed everything we read in the previous year.

Image with books and a quote stating “She read books as one would breathe air, to fill up and live.” Anne Dillard

These were the chapters with little context besides short sentences on the page described as the thoughts one has inside their head but keeps to themselves. Once you get into the last arc of the book especially, it lets go of its readers hand by throwing out a word for word recounting of a conversation or a plot device being set up for the next chapter. Instead, these later chapters present an obscure mixture of being inside someone’s head for the first time where you don’t know where you are or what’s going on, a literary device classified now as stream of consciousness. This leads to asking yourself questions such as who is this name? What did they do? Requiring focus from previous cryptic, melancholy chapters providing clues for this moment.

Seeking out a quote on google led me to someone’s Quizlet for studying, thanks to them here is one I found. “She played with me and always came to be with me whenever I needed her. She is mine. Beloved. She’s mine”. (Morrison). I can feel the emotions of this chapter without the context from my vague memory of the plot. While yes, this series of chapters leaves out a fully detailed heroic point of view, the thoughts here are brutally honest causing the reader to resonate at least a little bit with the main character’s recurring sense of loss. She is unable to get over it, especially when everything around her from family to place of living reminds her of the failure to keep a child safe in a time of slavery. My point is this stream of consciousness style filling you with more questions than answers, which at that time was different from other novels, causes us to pay attention. The reader becomes truly present with the loss and the struggles the black main character did not choose to deal with but had to because of the color of her skin. I would argue Morrison is using her power as a published black author by breaking down the systems we are used to in a culminated work more worthy of publishing. Our thoughts are jumbled up sometimes in this crazy changing world. Having an audience to share them with helps since you will no longer be alone but reaching those who have been through it to or want to try to understand.

How do we prevent ourselves from being so turned off by these new forms found in black literature for example? One way I think is reading more without letting our bias get to us and what I mean by that is to not focus so much on the name or even a book cover containing a culture unlike our own. There is a psych theory of mere exposure, to put it concisely, the more you involve yourself in groups other than your own, you will feel more comfortable. This is also why websites such as Wattpad are easier to publish on since you create any username you want, cover your books how you would like, the whole deal. At first, this seems like the way to go to get your name out there, but it does make you think about how important a name can be with publishing in the real world. I had a professor once who used to have only her last name used to get her work in academia published, they still in the twenty-first century would sometimes push aside a “woman looking” name. The internet and its free public use platforms like famous old Wattpad, allows for a change to the game of your worth being determined by a silly misconception of the “sounding” of a name or even color of your skin instead of by your words on the page.


If you cannot tell from this blog, my literary theory class, and most of my college career as an undergrad in general changed the way I interact with any piece I am reading. We cannot change our past, but the future is fully capable of being shaped and this is the way I now approach what I read and the things I say. For example I’ve been working on letting go of saying the word “ghetto” for describing flimsy objects or a mechanic in a game because I learned it isn’t a word to use freely given more context from an insightful Instagram post. Another good thing to note here is expanding your reading library will not directly translate to improving your actions, what you say, or what those around you say. Sure, it may lead to improving it eventually but becoming more aware of how we apply what we learn and read is the important part.

The opposite end of what I mentioned is claiming language is becoming too “correct” to the point that freedom of speech has gone away. I  disagree with this and believe realizing words we say have a history and a meaning and more authors deserve the space for their word to be heard when I consider books and literature as works of art which also help us learn. They are an educational tool sometimes to the point of didactic, which pretty much means taught in a condescending way, used in schools and homes everywhere in the United States and other countries I am sure. When I consider this fact that they are such a tool, it is hard to agree with the standard group of mere conservatives who claim their ownership and centrality to a story is being stripped away from them when we have told their story for not one, but over centuries.

Here is a list of resources to educated yourself and donate to black lives matter causes. I am sure there are more and if I missed a good one, feel free to comment

And, finally, here is a works cited as I take no credit for the quotes or images that I used above. They were purely to emphasize my argument and help this blog look prettier.







Lorris, G. D., Meun, J. D., &amp; Horgan, F. (2008). The Romance of the Rose. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

How English Majors Read

Seldom is the case that an English major can’t or *gasp* doesn’t want to read something. Whether it be an old “Classic” (Jane Austen anyone?), the purpose of the lighting in a scene, a situation, the list goes on. I’m not using the verb read here, I mean something deeper, what picks at an English majors brain as they’re analyzing without even realizing it. But, how do we take in what we are reading? What does it mean when our favorite characters speak a witty line about their sensibility to a dangerous situation? Here is what it means to read like an English major.

Dictionary, reference, you name it

I’ve heard of readers who skip over words they don’t know or haven’t heard of before. My question to those who do this is Why? Every word the author placed on the page in front of you is there for a reason and sometimes translated to your native language since the book is praised. Even if it’s just to find out you already know the word, just the modern version, at least know you’ll know that when it shows up in another chapter. Something we do as humans, sometimes unconsciously, is judge a book not by its cover but first page. An author choses to showcase this first sentence and page right after the cover you found pleasing and they will invest you or lose you in their ambiguity. In other words, the first page must contain words that grip the reader like “The baby is dead” (The Perfect Nanny: A Novel) and “Robert Cohn was once middleweight boxing champion of Princeton.” (The Sun Also Rises). Knowing whats going on in this first sentence could help the next time a book almost goes on your never read list.

Looking up words either with a phone dictionary app or a real one, whatever your preference, applies to the rest of a book too. This especially applies when reading a book from a time or region you’re unfamiliar with such as Wuthering Heights and its gothic setting filled with the class of the 19th century. Since its written by a British author and based in England, some words are spelled with an extra letter such as “colour”, but there are also many older words borrowed from French. One of my favorites is the term: sultry. This word heavily depends on context and either means you’re describing a hot day on the picturesque moors of England, or someone who appears to give you the hots, so to speak. This is just one example, but doing your research saves you from having a perplexed countenance during a reading session.

Time periods and cannons

When a book was written matters, this refers to more than the literal release date, a work comes in part from the author’s place in time, if they had status or not, you get the idea. A book where characters tend to emphasize their feelings rather than what they’re thinking, as opposed to, long dialogues debating life’s purpose shows a characteristic of what time period the work was written. Don’t even get me started on the cutting edge Postmodern movement. My own words don’t do it justice, pretty much the movement goes against everything books have been about until now, meaning it breaks apart logic and praise for humans and technology.  Movements such as this one, which form the literary cannon, help a reader identify common themes from the time period, and in turn, better understand what the work says about either the characters or the world around them.

My favorite example of cannon is 20th century literature where psychology enters books of all kinds slowly but surely. This is seen in thoughtful descriptions of what a character is worried about and the developing world around them. “The Great Gatsby” is able to feel disconnected from the world as the world figured out there is something going on in the human mind.

One final example, Contemporary Poetry where the exuberant amount of blank space on the page lets the reader think about what they’re reading. As technology ever advances and everyone is in such a hurry, there may be less time for reading lengthy texts. This leads to an emphasis on the blank space around a simple three line “love” poem.  Simple poetry of this kind may disguise itself a commentary on technology, politics, you name it when seen by an English major with an analytic background.  


If you’re like me, then you have a love/hate relationship when it comes to adaptations. This is especially the case when there is a waiting period of X amount of years for the tv/movie series to come out. After such a waiting period, we hope the final product is a well formed bonsai tree opposed to a wilted mess. One good yet faithful adaptation was the Hulu mini series of the John Green’s popular young adult novel “Looking for Alaska” which I can spend a whole other blog praising, teenage angst showed well in both novel and series. Anyways, what I’m saying is  English majors and dedicated readers alike scan these characters and plot they recall finding relatable. brought to life by actors and writers for consistency. This isn’t to say changes aren’t welcome since they’re usually necessary, a side character or plot may be switched for one better suited for the production. But it can be disappointing when elements such as the setting are not the well crafted Chicago or Panem pictured in our minds. To be clear on this, Divergent was the failed adaptation while Hunger Games captured the struggling societies excellently.  

Obviously filmmakers can’t bring everything to screen considering the adaptation needs to make money and be available to a wide audience. This is disappointing for certain books where huge points serve a purpose only to be rendered taboo. A key example of this is in the film Winter’s Bone where Jennifer Lawrence acts as a strong female protagonist who gets caught up in drugs and a gang war because of her Dad’s history in drug wars. I won’t spoil it as you really have to see and jopefully read it yourself but the book contains an explicit sexual assault scene that is not present in the film. Awful, yes, but it leads to a stronger win when she makes it through and has to overcome it. The author is crafty as well because I missed the assault on my first read as it is between the lines, much like the conversation gets shushed sometimes in real life. Film/TV fills gaps left in certain books where there was an indescribable piece missing.  Using Winter’s Bone again, Jennifer Lawrence brings more life to the film’s rendition of Ree compared to Woodrell’s version. We see a woman willing to fight for the little family she has left by using any strength within her reach unlike the more passive Ree from the book.

Avid readers, especially English majors, love adaptations; they show our beloved characters come to life just as we pictured them hopefully. The fine line between too graphic and subtle enough for consumption bogs them down sometimes. I guess that’s what the book is there for as long as they don’t become censored. Yes the book may bring something up we don’t want to hear, but maybe that’s exactly why it was written.

Other mediums

While visiting my family for a weekend, my mom, my fiancé and I watched the pilot for the Amazon original “Hunters”. A quick rundown of the show is the war between fascist Nazis and Jewish people has not ended in the modern day. This leads to the central character, a young Jewish man, finding a resistance group of Jewish people and joining to get revenge. In this episode, the opening scene caught my attention as it threw the viewer off guard. The viewer sees a colorful summer barbecue with a pool of the clearest blue ruined by a murderous man later known to be part of the Nazi group. What should be a happy scene given the bright colors and outfits on the random characters unexpectedly turns into a bloody massacre. I asked my fiancé if she noticed this and she commented that she didn’t until I pointed it out. Maybe English majors read television scenes too.  I think it helped that I had read enough Dean Koontz to never trust a beautiful setting.

There are other shows with creators who try to be clever by recalling books/themes that a viewer is familiar with. One is ”The Walking Dead” series, which I’m a huge fan of, and its dull at best spin off, “Fear the Walking Dead.” A literary reference appears in episode 5×10 “210 words per minute”  focuses on a new character Grace who enjoys listening to audio books at two times the speed. Where this becomes important is while in the middle of saving a survivor at an abandoned mall, she finds a copy of the classic novel “A Tale of Two Cities”. It’s a novel written by Charles Dickens about a time of high tensions in both London and France preceding the French Revolution. Now, I understand that in a zombie show there of course “best” and “worst” times mentioned in the first line of Dicken’s novel. However, by this point in the shows course, its rare that anything remotely bad happens to the characters. It’s a reference, while famous, it doesn’t add a connection to the plot or the characters as much as it shows the writers started looking up other source material than their own.


If you’ve made it this far, thank you so much for reading. I hope this gave a little insight to what English majors and book lovers find in the act of reading and even in other medias as well. My next blog is going to be a review of a French Netflix original to switch back to my French major roots.