This article covers the basics of service management in Linux Mint 20. Linux provides fine-grained control over system services through systemd, using the systemctl command. Services can be turned on, turned off, restarted, reloaded, or even enabled or disabled at boot.

The basic syntax for using the systemctl command is:

$ systemctl [<em>command</em>] [<em>service_name</em>]

Typically, you'll need to run this as a superuser with each command starting with sudo.

How to Restart a Service ?

To stop and restart the service in Linux, use the command:

$ sudo systemctl restart <em>SERVICE_NAME</em>

After this point, your service should be up and running again. You can verify the state with the status command.

This article covers how to install VeraCrypt on CentOS 8. VeraCrypt is free open-source disk encryption software for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. In case an attacker forces you to reveal the password, VeraCrypt provides plausible deniability. In contrast, to file encryption, data encryption performed by VeraCrypt is real-time (on-the-fly), automatic, transparent, needs very little memory and does not involve temporary unencrypted files.

Features of VeraCrypt:

  • Encryption can be hardware-accelerated on modern processors. 

This article covers different methods to add or delete the user in your Linux Mint system. For adding new users in system there are two commands available in your system, useradd and adduser. adduser command is the enhanced version of the useradd command. adduser command uses useradd command in the backend.

This article covers how you can build a comfortable workspace by customizing the look and feel of the Linux Mint terminal. Much of how we interact with computers is through text. To display text on the screen, fonts are used which define the appearance of the characters. Different fonts can be used for different purposes. Linux Mint defines five standard uses for fonts that can be configured independently.

This article covers different methods of installation of brave browser software on Ubuntu. 

Main features of Brave web browser:

  • Search – Choose default search engine – Google, Bing, Yahoo, DuckDuckGo e.t.c.
  • Fast Browsing – According to its creators, Brave loads pages three times as fast out of the box with nothing to install, learn or manage.
  • Easy to switch to Brave – It's easy to import your settings from your old browser. You can do it during the welcome tour or later through the menus.
  • Support your favorite sites with Brave Rewards – with Brave Rewards activated, you can support the content creators you love at the amount that works for you.
  • Privacy and Security – Brave fights malware and prevents tracking, keeping your information safe and secure. Clearing of browsing data and a built-in password manager.
  • Form autofill which saves you time when working with forms.
  • Extensions/Plugins – Brave Desktop now supports most of the Chrome extensions in the chrome web store.

This article covers the three different methodologies of installing Thunderbird in Ubuntu. Thunderbird is available for various distributions like macOS, Linux, Microsoft Windows etc. thereby making it a cross platform application.

To Install Thunderbird through apt:

1. First update Ubuntu repository,

$ sudo apt update

2. Now, to install Thunderbird issue the following in terminal,

$ sudo apt install thunderbird

3. Lastly, Thunderbird can accessed either through System's main Menu or from terminal (Run "thunderbird" in terminal to run the application).

This article covers how you can monitor the temperature of your CPU cores, hard drive and other components attached to the motherboard.

When your PC is overheating, consider disassembling your PC and blowing it with a blower to get rid of all the dust which might be blocking the ventilation vents.

Also, ensure your laptop is placed on a hard surface and not on a cushy surface such as on a bed where the vents can easily get blocked.

Lastly, enable power saving mode and close any unnecessary applications.

This article covers how to Install Kdenlive video editor on a Linux Mint 20 system. Now you can use it very conveniently for producing professional quality edited videos. Kdenlive is a free and opensource video editing software, it is built on Qt and  KDE Framework libraries, and MLT Framework is used for video processing in Kdenlive and this is part of the official KDE project.

How to Install Kdenlive 20.04 in Ubuntu 20.04 / LinuxMint /Elementary OS ?

1. Add the official PPA

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kdenlive/kdenlive-stable

2. Update the apt repository

$ sudo apt update

3. Install Kdenlive 20.04

$ sudo apt install kdenlive

This article covers how to install Brave browser on a Linux Mint 20 system. Brave is a free to use and open-source web browser developed by Brave Software, Inc. Its source code is based on the Chromium browser. Brave is designed to block ads and website trackers by default and guarantee privacy.

How to Launch Brave Web Browser on Linux Mint 20 ?

After installation you can use the terminal or Desktop Environment Launcher to start brave web browser on Linux Mint 20 Desktop machine:

$ brave-browser

This article covers how to install Vivaldi browser and concluded with its uninstallation method from a Linux system. Vivaldi is a next generation open source web browser that runs on Windows, Linux, macOS and on mobile devices. It comes with unique features and is created to be fast and secure browser that blocks ads and trackers. 

To Launch and Use Vivaldi Browser on Linux Mint 20:

Start the browser from terminal:

$ vivaldi

How to Install Vivaldi Web Browser on Linux Mint / Kali Linux ?

1. Start by importing the GPG key used for verification during installation.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt -y install wget gnupg2 software-properties-common
$ wget -qO- https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

2. Then run the commands below to add the repository to your system.

echo 'deb https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/deb/ stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vivaldi.list

3. A final step is the installation of Vivaldi Web Browser on Linux Mint / Kali Linux.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install vivaldi-stable

Hit the y key in your keyboard to start installation.

This article covers how to check OS version using different methods. You can get more information of Ubuntu releases at official site of the Ubuntu Releases.

If you are using Ubuntu 16.04 then you can Upgrade using this guide Upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.


To check the Ubuntu version, use the following command in terminal:

$ lsb_release -a

This will display you some details about your distribution including Ubuntu version:

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal

This article covers the best method of installing the Rhythmbox audio playing application on a Linux Mint 20 system. Rhythmbox is a free and open-source audio player that plays and helps organize digital audio files. the features of Rhythmbox like Music playback, gapless playback, music importing, audio CD burning and SoundCloud support. 

How to remove Rhythmbox from Ubuntu?

You can also remove it by downgrading the player via command window at the same time:

$ sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
$ sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/apps

If it fails to remove, you can also remove it from the Software and Update utility on Ubuntu.

Main Features of Rhythmbox:

  • Fixed Critical Errors and Internal Bugs.
  • Fixed Rhythmbox crashed during import.
  • Command option added.
  • Very good layout and design.
  • Play queue UI improvements feature added.
  • Added Expand playing icon in the entry view
  • Fixed hangs for a special file type.
  • Fixed Open settings Crash for this app.
  • Fixed Keyboard navigation tab when searching an entry widget.

This article covers how to enable a dark theme on a Linux Mint 20 system.

How to change themes in Linux Mint ?

1. Search for themes in the Menu and open the Themes applet (Theme Applet provides an easy way of installing and changing themes).

2. At the applet there's a "Add/Remove" button.

3. To install one, all it's needed to do is click on yours preferred one and wait for it to download. After that, the theme will be available at the "Desktop" option on the first page of the applet.

4. Now, double click on one of the installed themes to start using it.

This article covers how to install Virt-Viewer on a Linux Mint 20 system. virt-viewer is a minimal tool for displaying the graphical console of a virtual machine. The console is accessed using the VNC or SPICE protocol. The viewer can connect to remote hosts to lookup the console information and then also connect to the remote console using the same network transport.

Functions of Virt Viewer: 

  • Connect to KVM virtual machines remotely via the SPICE remote desktop protocol.
  • Automatically adjust display resolution of the KVM virtual machines.
  • Use multiple monitors for the KVM virtual machines.
  • Passthrough USB devices from your computer to the KVM virtual machines.
  • Share folders from your computer to the KVM virtual machines.

To install Virt Viewer on Linux:

1. First, update the APT package repository cache with the following command:

$ sudo apt update

2. To install Virt Viewer on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, run the following command:

$ sudo apt install virt-viewer --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests

Then, confirm the installation, press Y and then press <Enter>.

This article covers the installation procedure of Go language on a Linux Mint 20 system. Also, we dealt with an easy way to remove Go language from a Linux Mint 20 system.

To Verify Go Language Installation, run the command:

$ go version 

Features of Go Programming

  • Statically type and compiled programming language.
  • Concurrency support and Garbage collection.
  • Strong library and toolset.
  • Multiprocessing and High-performance networking.
  • Known for readability and usability (Like Python).

This article covers the installation procedure of Discord on any Linux Distribution such as Linux Mint 20, Ubuntu 20.04, and Debian 10. Also, we explained a quick method of uninstalling this Discord platform from your Linux system.

You can either uninstall it from the software center or use this command in the terminal:

$ sudo apt remove discord

If you have enabled Snap support on your Linux distribution, you can use the following command to install it:

$ sudo snap install discord

If you want to remove it, you can use the snap command to uninstall it:

$ sudo snap remove discord

This article covers how to clear the cache and buffer memory of the physical memory along with clearing the swap space when needed.


If you want to clear Swap space, you may like to run the below command.

$ swapoff -a && swapon -a

To Clear PageCache, dentries and inodes:

$ sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

To Clear PageCache only:

$ sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

To Clear dentries and inodes:

$ sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

This article covers how to install Duplicity on your Linux system. After doing that, you will be able to maintain the backups of your critical data and hence prevent data loss. Moreover, you can also easily remove this backup software tool from your Linux system.

If you are a system administrator and responsible for managing servers than backing up data is one of the most important tasks of you. 

So you must have enough knowledge of backup tools that makes your task easier.

Duplicity is a free, open-source and an advanced command-line backup utility built on top of librsync and GnuPG. It produces digitally signed, versioned and encrypted tar volumes for storage on a local or remote computer. 

Duplicity supports many protocols for connecting to a file server including, ssh/scp, rsync, ftp, DropBox, Amazon S3, Google Docs, Google Drive, local filesystem, OneDrive, WebDAV and many more.

To install and configure Duplicity to perform manually and automate backup on Ubuntu 20.04 server:

1. You can update all of them with the following command:

$ apt-get update -y

2. After updating all packages, you will also need to install some required dependencies on your server. You can install all of them by running the following command:

$ apt-get install ncftp python3-paramiko python-pycryptopp lftp python3-boto python3-dev librsync-dev -y

3. By default, Duplicity is available in the Ubuntu 20.04 default repository. You can install it by just running the following command:

$ apt-get install duplicity -y

4. Once installed, verify the installed version of Duplicity with the following command:

$ duplicity --version

This article covers how easy it is to install Geary on a Linux Mint 20 system. However, if you do not want to use this email client anymore, then you can remove it from your Linux system all the more conveniently.

Geary is a GTK-based mail app that lets you read, find and send email through a modern interface replete with GNOME Shell desktop integrations (notifications, GNOME Online Accounts, etc). 

One major reason for using Geary over, say, Mozilla Thunderbird or Evolution is that it's built around  “conversations” rather than individual mails.

To Install Geary on Ubuntu

Add the Geary Team PPA to your software sources:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:geary-team/releases
$ sudo apt install geary

This article covers Data Backup Software for Linux. Data Backup and Protection are key concerns of many users, companies, and organizations. For this purpose, many data backup and data protection systems have been introduced and still many are being developed every day, deciding to choose and select the best and most suitable platform meeting needs and requirements. Each tool offers enhanced and state-of-the-art capabilities to provide the utmost data protection and data backup. 

All the listed and discussed backup software, i.e., Acronis, Nakivo, IDrive, MSP360, and Backblaze assure utmost performance and are acclaimed by its users.

However, the task of selecting one tool among the top five best-listed backup software solely depends on user requirements and expectations from the backup tool along with the cost one is willing to spend on the backup software. 

Other than that, each tool listed provides commendable features and data protection services.

What to look for when choosing backup software for an enterprise?

Make sure the following features are supported backup software you deploy:

1. Open source software – You must use software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be and modified. This ensures that you can recover your data in case vendor/project stopped working on software or refused to provide patches.








9. VSS (Volume Shadow Copy) – It is Microsoft's Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) and it is used to create snapshots of data that is to be backed up. Make sure backup software support VSS for MS-Windows client/server.





This article covers how you can install PlayOnLinux on Ubuntu OS using two different ways.

You can opt for any installation method (command line or GUI-based method) that is most convenient for you.

PlayOnLinux will allow you to install your Windows-based software on different virtual drives, which means that there is no interaction between the different applications you install. 

So if something doesn't work right, you know it won't affect the rest of your stuff and they can easily uninstall it by removing the virtual drive.

To install PlayOnLinux on Ubuntu:

PlayOnLinux can be found in the Ubuntu software repositories, so you can get it from Ubuntu Software Center or install it with the following command:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install playonlinux

It is also recommended to install some dependencies that may be necessary:

# sudo apt-get install winbind
# sudo apt-get install unrar-free p7zip-full

This article covers the procedure of installing Redshift- the color temperature adjusting tool on a Linux system.

Also, we have shared with you the procedure of uninstalling this tool from your system if you do not want to use it any longer.

Redshift is a tool that is used to adjust the color temperature of your screen according to your surroundings.

The color temperature adapts to the time of the day. 

A different color temperature is set for the night and daytime. It applies a red hue or redness effect to your screen or graphical display. 

This helps reduce eye strain and lessen the risk of delayed sleep in case you are working in front of the screen at night. 

How does RedShift work?

In the early morning, redshift allows your eyes to gradually adapt over a period of about an hour, as the temperature transitions smoothly from night time until the day. 

The color temperature during the day should match the light from outside, typically around 5500K-6500K. The default daytime temperature is 6500K.

At night the color temperature is set to match the lamps in the room. 

This temperature is around 3000K-4000K. The default night temperature is 4500K.

To install RedShift on Ubuntu:

1. The most straightforward of installing redshift on Ubuntu 20.04 is using the apt package manager. To install Redshift, execute the following commands:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install redshift redshift-gtk

This article covers how to install Android File Transfer for Linux on your Ubuntu distribution.

Now you can conveniently transfer files between your android phones and Linux system.
Android File Transfer is an MTP client tool that is used to transfer files from android devices to Linux OS and from Linux OS to Android devices.
It is similar to Android File Transfer that is available for Mac OS and has a very minimalistic and easy to use interface.

To Android file transfer for Linux:
1. Connect your Android device with your computer using a USB cable.

When prompted on Android device for allowing access to the device data, tap on Allow to allow access.
2. Launch Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T key shortcut.
Then you will need to update our system by adding the PPA to your list of software sources. For this, run the following command in Terminal:

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/samoilov-lex/aftl-stable/ubuntu artful main"

3. Once completed, run the following command in Terminal to update the repository.

$ sudo apt-get update

4. After your local repository is updated, run the following command in Terminal to install Android file transfer:

$ sudo apt install android-file-transfer

This article covers how to install Imagemagick on your system very conveniently and use it for editing your images.
However, you can also uninstall this tool from your system very easily at any time by following the tip that we have shared.
ImageMagick is a free and open-source application through which we can manage (i.e. create/edit/convert etc.) raster graphics. ImageMagick is typically used from command line.
Also we can use it from any programming language by using its interface like Magick.NET (.Net),IMagick (PHP), PerlMagick (Perl) etc.

To Install ImageMagick on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade

2. Install ImageMagick on Ubuntu system.

$ sudo apt install imagemagick

This article covers the different methods to find out the UUID in a Linux Mint 20 system.
UUID is the "universally unique identifier" that is assigned to devices on a Linux system for the purpose of identification.
For example if your hard disk has 3 partitions then each partition is a device and has a uuid.
Similarly cd/dvd, usb drives etc all are assigned a uuid.

Different methods To identify Disk Partition/FileSystem UUID in Linux:
1. blkid Command: locate/print block device attributes.
2. lsblk Command: lsblk lists information about all available or the specified block devices.
3. hwinfo Command:  hwinfo stands for hardware information tool and great utility that used to probe for the hardware present in the system.
4. udevadm Command: udev management tool.
5. tune2fs Command: adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.
6. dumpe2fs Command: dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information.
7. Using by-uuid Path: The directory contains UUID and real block device files, UUIDs were symlink with real block device files.

This article covers steps to install Cinnamon desktop on your Ubuntu 20.04 system.
Want to try out the Cinnamon Desktop Environment?

Without installing Linux Mint, you can get the desktop packages in Ubuntu via a few commands.
Cinnamon is available in Ubuntu main repositories, though the package version is however a little old.
Ensure to enable universe repository and then use this command to install Cinnamon on Ubuntu 20.04:

$ sudo apt install cinnamon

This article covers methods of installing and uninstalling the Microsoft Edge browser on a Linux Mint 20 system.

Also, if you want to get rid of it, you can conveniently uninstall it.
Edge for Linux currently supports Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and OpenSUSE distributions.

Developers may install Edge from the Microsoft Edge Insider site or Microsoft's Linux Software Repository.

To Install Edge on Debian, Ubuntu, and Mint:

$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/edge stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-edge-dev.list'
$ sudo rm microsoft.gpg
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install microsoft-edge-dev

Once successfully installed on your Linux Mint system, launch the browser from your favorite app launcher, or run microsoft-edge-dev from a command prompt.

This article covers how to conveniently install the Code::Blocks IDE on your Ubuntu 20.04 system.

After installing this IDE on your system, you can easily use it for C, C++, and FORTRAN development.

You can even uninstall it anytime you want and that too very cleanly by following the uninstallation method of the Code::Blocks IDE.

To Install Code::Blocks IDE using APT:
Code::Blocks IDE is available on Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with the APT command.
1. First update your system.

$ sudo apt update

2. To install codeblock on Ubuntu , run the following command.

$ sudo apt install codeblocks

3. When prompted to continue, just type 'Y' and press ENTER to proceed.

To Remove Code::Blocks IDE from Linux system:

1. To remove codeblocks from ubuntu, run the following command.

$ sudo apt remove codeblocks

2. To complete remove codeblock and its associated configurations, run the following two commands.

$ sudo apt purge codeblocks
$ sudo apt autoremove

This article covers the installation method of the Neofetch shell script on a Ubuntu 20.04 system. After installing this script on your system, you can easily execute it to display your system's information on the terminal.
However, you can uninstall this script any time you want if you do not feel like using it anymore on your Ubuntu 20.04 system.
Neofetch is a command line system information tool which supports almost all operating systems.

It displays the system information in the terminal along side the operating system's logo.

To Install Neofetch in Ubuntu / Linux:
Execute the commands:

# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get install neofetch

This article covers how to install the flameshot application on CentOS 8.

You will also learn how you can remove it from your CentOS 8 if you don’t need more on your system.

Main features of flameshot includes:
1. Supports graphical and CLI mode.
2. Edit images instantly.
3. Image uploads to Imgur.
4. Export and import configuration.
5. Easy to use and customizable.

To Install Flameshot in Linux:
Flameshot can be installed using package managers. Before installing through this method make sure you verify the version that ships with your OS:

$ sudo dnf install flameshot  # Rhel, Centos, Fedora
$ sudo apt install flameshot  # Debian, Ubuntu-based distro 

# Ubuntu based distribution

$ wget https://github.com/flameshot-org/flameshot/releases/download/v0.9.0/flameshot-0.9.0-1.ubuntu-20.04.amd64.deb
$ dpkg -i flameshot-0.9.0-1.ubuntu-20.04.amd64.deb

# Rhel based distribution

$ wget https://github.com/flameshot-org/flameshot/releases/download/v0.9.0/flameshot-0.9.0-1.fc32.x86_64.rpm
$ rpm -i flameshot-0.9.0-1.fc32.x86_64.rpm

This article covers how you can install Viber on your Ubuntu system. Also, you will learn how to remove Viber from Ubuntu in case you no longer need it.

Viber is an instant messaging and video calling app that allows you to send instant messages, photos, audio, video files, make free calls, and share your location with other Viber users. Viber was first released for smartphones, then later also developed for desktop users including Windows, Linux, and macOS. 

To Install Viber via Deb Package:

1. Issue the following command in Terminal to download Viber .deb installer file.

$ wget https://download.cdn.viber.com/cdn/desktop/Linux/viber.deb

2. Issue the following command in Terminal in order to install the viber.deb package.

$ sudo apt install ./viber.deb

To Uninstall Viber from Ubuntu:

Run the below command to uninstall Viber from your Ubuntu desktop.

# sudo apt remove viber

This article covers how to install FileZilla on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS system. Also we mentioned the steps to remove FileZilla in case you need to so.

FileZilla is a ftp client for both windows & linux operating system. It is a powerful client for plain FTP, FTP over SSL/TLS (FTPS) and the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). 

To Install FileZilla from command line on Ubuntu / Debian:

Use the following commands.

$sudo apt-get update
$sudo apt-get install filezilla

First command synchronizes the configured repositories.


This article covers the installation of FileZilla on Debian 10. FileZilla is a powerful open-source FTP client that comes in handy when you simply want to access your FTP server and manage files.

To install FileZilla on Debian Linux System:

1. Login to the Debian 10 system and run below apt command to update package index:

$ sudo apt update

2. Install FileZilla using command-line, run following apt command:

$ sudo apt install -y filezilla

3. Once FileZilla and its dependencies are installed successfully, run below command to verify the FileZilla version:

$ filezilla --version

This article covers how to flush the DNS cache on Ubuntu. If the sites are not loading properly or you are receiving outdated sites, try to flush the DNS cache to see if the issue resolves. 

Remember, after the DNS cache is flushed, sites will first load slightly slower. 

But once the DNS cache is re-populated, sites will be loaded faster.

Facts about flushing DNS cache on Ubuntu:

1. DNS cache is a temporary database that stores information about previous DNS lookups. 

2. Whenever you visit a website, your OS and web browser will keep a record for the domain and the corresponding IP address. 

3. Flushing DNS cache eliminates the need for repetitive queries to the remote DNS servers and allows your OS or browser to resolve the website's URL quickly.

How to use dns-clean to flush DNS-Cache ?

You can clear the DNS cache is by starting the dns-clean utility. Run the following command in your Terminal to do so:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start

This article covers the different methods to install Atom editor on Ubuntu 20.04 system. Atom is an open-source text and source code editor for Windows, Linux, and macOS, developed by GitHub. 

It is called "A hackable text editor for the 21st century" due to being a highly customizable text editor.

To Install Atom Editor using Snap:

1. First, install the Snap package manager on your system if it is not already installed.

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y snapd

2. Then, install Atom editor with the snap command.

$ sudo snap install atom --classic

This article covers how to Install and Setup VeraCrypt on Ubuntu 20.04. VeraCrypt, a fork of TrueCrypt, is a free and open source on-the-fly disk encryption (OTFE) tool.

Main features offered by VeraCrypt include:






6. Encryption can be hardware-accelerated on modern processors.


To Install VeraCrypt Using DEB binary Package on Ubuntu:

Debian/Ubuntu packages for VeraCrypt are also available for download on download’s page. However, as of this writing, there is not available a binary package for Ubuntu 20.04 yet. As such, we using binary package for Ubuntu 19.04.

Note that the installers are also available, both for GUI and console based installations.

To install console-based VeraCrypt;

wget https://launchpad.net/veracrypt/trunk/1.24-update4/+download/veracrypt-console-1.24-Update4-Ubuntu-19.10-amd64.deb

Then install it;

$ dpkg -i veracrypt-console-1.24-Update4-Ubuntu-19.10-amd64.deb

To install GUI based;

$ wget https://launchpad.net/veracrypt/trunk/1.24-update4/+download/veracrypt-1.24-Update4-Ubuntu-19.04-amd64.deb

Next, use APT package manager to ensure that any would-be dependency is dealt with automatically:

$ apt install ./veracrypt-1.24-Update4-Ubuntu-19.04-amd64.deb

You can uninstall GUI based VeraCrypt by executing;

$ apt remove --purge veracrypt
$ apt autoremove

This article covers how to install Skype on Linux Mint 20 system. Skype is used to make free video and voice calls, send instant messages, and also to share files with other people on Skype.

However, if at any instance, you feel like you are getting more inclined towards some other application or Skype is not fulfilling your needs anymore, then you can easily remove it by following the removal method prescribed in this guide.

To Install Skype on Linux Mint using the Software Center:

1. Click ‘Menu’, type ‘Software Manager’ in the search box and launch it.

2. Search for ‘Skype’ in the Software Manager’s search box. You should see Skype and Skype (Flathub). These are just coming from two different sources. Click on only the “Skype” version. This is coming from the official Linux Mint’s Repository source.

3. Click “Install”, enter the Root password to complete the installation.

4. After the installation is complete, you can click on the “Launch” button or open the app from the “Applications” menu.

5. Start using Skype!

This article covers how to assign multiple IP addresses to a single interface in Mint OS. By following our guide carefully, you can either assign the IP address temporarily or permanently to your network interface.

NIC stands for network interface controller or network interface (controller) card. WNIC is wireless network interface controller or wireless network interface (controller) card. IP Addresses belong to network interfaces, not to the computer itself.

To Restart network service using command:

# systemctl restart network

To Verify the new IP address using command:

# ip addr

How configure multiple IP address in CentOS ?

Now, in order to add additional IP addresses you'll need to edit the configuration file (from hereon called “config file”) for this specific interface. On CentOS 7, the interface config files are located in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ and they are all prefixed with ifcfg-.

How remove secondary IP address Linux?

To add or remove additional IP adresses and keep the configuration persistent, we need to Edit the corresponding /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[x] configuration file and add/remove as many additional IPADDR[n] and PREFIX[n] entries as additional IP addresses are required.

To configure a static IP address on CentOS  / RHEL :







2. Restart network service: systemctl restart network.

How do I login as a different user in Linux?

To change to a different user and create a session as if the other user had logged in from a command prompt, type "su -" followed by a space and the target user's username. Type the target user's password when prompted.

What is Nmcli in Linux?

nmcli is a command-line tool which is used for controlling NetworkManager. nmcli commnad can also be used to display network device status, create, edit, activate/deactivate, and delete network connections. Typical Uses: Scripts: Instead of manually managing the network connections it utilize NetworkMaager via nmcli.

Difference between the output of ifconfig and ipconfig:

Functionality: The ipconfig command displays all the currently connected network interfaces whether they are active or not. 

On the other hand, the ifconfig command displays only the enabled network interfaces that are connected to the system.

This article covers the method of creating and running a shell script in Linux Mint 20.

With this, you can write and execute complex shell scripts in Linux Mint 20 very easily.

To write and execute a script:

1. Open the terminal. Go to the directory where you want to create your script.

2. Create a file with . sh extension.

3. Write the script in the file using an editor.

4. Make the script executable with command chmod +x <fileName>.

5. Run the script using ./<fileName>.

To save a .sh file in Ubuntu:

1. Run nano hello.sh.

2. nano should open up and present an empty file for you to work in.

3. Then press Ctrl-X on your keyboard to Exit nano.

4. nano will ask you if you want to save the modified file.

5. nano will then confirm if you want to save to the file named hello.sh.

To Make a Bash Script Executable in Linux:

1) Create a new text file with a . sh extension.

2) Add #!/bin/bash to the top of it. This is necessary for the “make it executable” part.

3) Add lines that you'd normally type at the command line.

4) At the command line, run chmod u+x YourScriptFileName.sh.

5) Run it whenever you need!

This article covers how to create and execute a Perl script in Linux Mint 20. Moreover, if Perl is not installed on your system already, then we have even shared with you the method of installing it on your system and also ensuring if its interpreter exists there or not.


PERL- Practical Extraction and Reporting Language (not an official acronym), is a stable and cross-platform language and was created by Larry Wall. 

Perl is an open source, general-purpose, interpreted language. Programs written in Perl are called Perl scripts. 

Perl supports both Procedural language and Object Oriented language and has powerful built-in support for text processing and have a collection of third-party modules. Perl language is mainly used for Web Applications, System Administration, Batch Processing, Applications which involving text processing and most command line applications. 

To run a Perl script in Unix:

1. Find the interpreter/executors path. In this case its /usr/bin/perl or /usr/bin/env perl.

2. Add it to the first line of the file as #!/usr/bin/perl .

3. Give execute permission to the file chmod +x example.pl.

Features of Perl language:


2. Perls database integration interface DBI supports third-party databases including Oracle, Sybase, Postgres, MySQL, and others.

3. Perl works with HTML, XML, and other mark-up languages.

4. Perl supports Unicode.

5. Perl supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

6. Perl interfaces with external C/C++ libraries through XS or SWIG.

7. Perl is extensible.

8. The Perl interpreter can be embedded into other systems.

To install Perl in Linux:

1. Before proceeding with the installation of Perl in your Linux system, please have a check Perl is installed or not on your Linux system by running the below command:

# perl -v

2. Download the zipped source code available for Unix/Linux by running the below command:

# wget https://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.28.1.tar.gz

3. After download the zip file runs the below commands to extract and install Perl:

# tar -xzf perl-5.28.1.tar.gz

# cd perl-5.28.1

# ./Configure -de


# make test

# make install

How to write your Perl script in Linux?

You can write your Perl script in a text file and the text file should have the extension '.pl'. 

To run your Perl script run the below command.

#perl filename

Eg: #perl hello.pl

This article covers how to install Opera web browser on an Ubuntu 20.04 system. Opera web browser provides its unique features and has many users all over the world.

Users can access and then use the Opera browser once they have installed it in their systems. You will also learn how to uninstall the browser from the Ubuntu 20.04 system.

To install Opera browser on Linux:

1. Add Opera browser Repository. Let's start by adding an Opera repository and keyring.

2. Install Opera Browser. At this stage to install the Opera browser on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver is easy as executing the below command: $ sudo apt install opera-stable.

3. Start Opera Browser.

To Install Google Chrome on Debian:

1. Download Google Chrome. Open your terminal either by using the Ctrl+Alt+T keyboard shortcut or by clicking on the terminal icon.

2. Install Google Chrome. Once the download is complete, install Google Chrome by typing: $ sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb.

To start Chrome on Linux:

1. Edit ~/. bash_profile or ~/. zshrc file and add the following line alias chrome="open -a 'Google Chrome'"

2. Save and close the file.

3. Logout and relaunch Terminal.

4. Type chrome filename for opening a local file.

5. Type chrome url for opening url.

To install Google Chrome on Linux Mint:

1. Add this link to the list of repo sources "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main"

2. Run in terminal "sudo apt-get update"

3. Run in terminal "sudo aptitude install google-chrome-stable"


So when you run update command, it downloads the package information from the Internet. It is useful to get info on an updated version of packages or their dependencies.

To Uninstall Opera on Ubuntu:

1. In order to uninstall Opera through the command line, enter the following

$ sudo apt-get remove opera-stable

2. The repository you added will still be residing on your system. Enter the following command in order to remove it:

$ sudo apt-delete-repository "deb [arch=i386,amd64] https://deb.opera.com/opera-stable/ stable non-free

This article covers the key Google Chrome extensions which will definitely enhance your browsing experience and will make Google Chrome even more helpful and useful for you. Google Chrome extensions are programs that can be installed into Chrome in order to change the browser's functionality.

Adding to do lists or notes to Chrome. Password management. Making it easier to copy text from a site. Protect your privacy and making web browsing more secure.


This article covers methods to reboot the Linux Mint. If you want to shut down your Linux Mint instead of rebooting, Learn How to Shutdown Linux Mint 20 .

Rebooting is the same as restarting, and close enough to powering off and then turning off your device. The purpose is to close and reopen the operating system. Resetting, on the other hand, means taking the device back to the state in which it left the factory. Resetting wipes all your personal data.

The systemctl command accepts, among many other options, halt (halts disk activity but does not cut power) reboot (halts disk activity and sends a reset signal to the motherboard) and poweroff (halts disk acitivity, and then cut power). These commands are mostly equivalent to starting the target file of the same name.

To reboot Linux:

1. To reboot the Linux system from a terminal session, sign in or "su"/"sudo" to the "root" account.

2. Then type " sudo reboot " to reboot the box.

3. Wait for some time and the Linux server will reboot itself.

To shut down Linux Mint:

Execute the following command:

sudo chmod u+s /sbin/shutdown

You will be prompted for your root password. After that, you're done and can type "exit" to exit out of the Terminal.

Linux Commands to Shutdown and Reboot the System:

1. Linux shutdown / reboot command. On Linux, like all tasks, the shutdown and restart operations can also be done from the command line.

2. "shutdown" command.

3. "reboot" command.

4. "halt" command.

5. "poweroff" command.

6. REISUB - R E I S U B key strokes.

This article covers how to #install Chrony on Linux Mint 20. Once it will be installed on your system, its daemon will silently work in the background to synchronize your system's clock with the #NTP server. 

However, if you do not want Chrony to perform this job any longer, then you can simply uninstall it as well.

Chrony is a flexible implementation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP). 

It is used to synchronize the system clock from different NTP servers, reference clocks or via manual input.

Chrony comes with two programs:

1. chronyc – command line interface for chrony

2. chronyd – daemon that can be started at boot time

How to Install #Chrony in #Linux :

On some systems, chrony may be installed by default. Still if the package is missing, you can easily install it. 

You can install chrony Using your default package manager tool on your respective Linux distributions using following command:

# yum -y install chrony    [On CentOS/RHEL]

# apt install chrony       [On Debian/Ubuntu]

# dnf -y install chrony    [On Fedora 22+]

To check the status of chronyd use the following command:

# systemctl status chronyd      [On SystemD]

# /etc/init.d/chronyd status    [On Init]

If you want to enable chrony daemon upon boot, you can use the following command:

# systemctl enable chronyd       [On SystemD]

# chkconfig --add chronyd        [On Init]

How to Check Chrony Synchronization in Linux ?

To check if chrony is actually synchronized, we will use it's command line program chronyc, which has the tracking option which will provide relevant information:

# chronyc tracking

To check information about chrony’s sources, you can issue the following command:

# chronyc sources

This article Covers how to install the TermRecord application on CentOS 8. The TermRecord application allows you to better enjoy the recorded #Terminal content. 

TermRecord is a simple, open source, terminal session recorder with easy-to-share self-contained HTML output.

#TermRecord Stores these files as your own notes, email them to collaborators, use them as instructional examples, or whatever you wish.

TermRecord consumes output from the script command with timing information and can create a self-contained HTML file which replays the recorded session without needing to load anything from the web. 

These term sessions can be emailed and viewed on practically any device (including iPads etc.). 

The end user only needs a modern browser.

Features of TermRecord includes:

1. User friendly.

2. Detects the terminal size.

3. Nest sessions.

4. Cross-platform HTML-based output.

5. Stores the output as either JSON, embeddable JavaScript, or a static HTML file.

6. Written in Python.

To install on TermRecord #CentOS:

1. First of all, connect to your server via SSH and make sure that all of your system software is up to date. 


$ sudo yum update -y

2. Install Pip. 

Add the EPEL Repository:

$sudo yum install epel-release

Install pip:

$ sudo yum install python-pip

Once the installation has completed, you can verify that it was successful by using the following command:

$pip -V

3. Install TermRecord

Install TermRecord using the Python package manager (pip):

$sudo pip install TermRecord

How to use TermRecord on CentOS system ?

Taking a video of the terminal with TermRecord is rather simple, just run the following command (be attentive to capital letters):

TermRecord -o record.html

Note: We specify the output file in which the video will be recorded using the -o option. the .html format is the default format.

For more complex operations check out TermRecord --help

This article covers different methods to quickly find the IP address of your #Linux Mint system. 

The simplest way to check the ip address of linux Mint, when using the bash shell is typing the command ifconfig. 

On typing the ifconfig you will not only be provided with the ip address, but also the mac address, subnet mask and other information. 

The following commands will get you the private IP address of your interfaces:

1. ifconfig -a.

2. ip addr (ip a).

3. hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'.

4. ip route get 1.2.

5. nmcli -p device show.

What is the #ipconfig command for Linux?

ifconfig(interface configuration) command is used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at the boot time to set up the interfaces as necessary. 

After that, it is usually used when needed during debugging or when you need system tuning.

This article covers different methods to #install Google Chrome on Linux Mint. You can easily install/uninstall Google Chrome on Linux mint 20 OS. You will also learn how to set Google Chrome as the default web browser so that all your links or URLs open by default in Google Chrome.

You can install Google #Chrome onto your Linux #Mint 20 distro by using either of the following two methods:
1. Install Chrome by adding the Google Chrome repository.
2. Install Chrome using the . deb package.

To install #Google Chrome on #Linux Mint:
2. Run in terminal "sudo apt-get update"


This article covers how to install Wine on Ubuntu 20.04. We used the WineHQ repositories and downloaded them directly for their installation.
Users can use it now for running all Windows-based applications.

To Install Wine from a Standard Ubuntu Repository (recommended):
We recommend that you install Wine on your system through the standard Ubuntu repository, as this way you can have a more stable version on your system.
1. Run the following command in the Terminal as a root user in order to install Wine on a 64-bit version of Ubuntu:
$ sudo apt install wine64
2. Please enter y when you are prompted with a y/n option for installation.
After that, the Wine application will be installed and ready for use.
3. For a 32-bit Ubuntu system, you can use the following command:
$ sudo apt install wine32
4. You can verify the version of Wine through the following command:
$ wine --version

To Install Wine without Internet:
To install Wine on an Ubuntu machine without internet access, you must have access to a second Ubuntu machine (or VM) with an internet connection to download the Wine .deb package and its dependencies.
On the machine with internet, add the WineHQ repository and run apt update.
Next, cache just the packages necessary for installing wine, without extracting them:
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get --download-only dist-upgrade

Copy all of the .deb files in /var/cache/apt/archives to a USB stick:
cp -R /var/cache/apt/archives/ /media/usb-drive/deb-pkgs/

Finally, on the machine without internet, install all of the packages from the flash drive:
cd /media/usb-drive/deb-pkgs
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

This guide will show you steps to install Wine on Linux Mint 20.  Also, you will learn how to remove it once you no longer require this software on your system.

Wine is an open-source, free and easy-to-use program that enables Linux users to run Windows-based applications on Unix-like operating systems. 

Wine is a compatibility layer for installing almost all versions of Windows programs.

The APT is the tool, commonly used to install packages, remotely from the software repository. 

Basically, it's a simple command based tool that you use to install files/software. Complete command is apt-get and it's the easiest way to install files/Software packages.

To uninstall a program in Linux:


For example, the following command uninstalls gimp and deletes all the configuration files, using the “ -- purge” (there are two dashes before “purge”) command.

How do I delete apt repository?

Whenever you add a repository using "add-apt-repository" command, it will be stored in /etc/apt/sources. list file. 

To delete a software repository from Ubuntu and its derivatives, just open the /etc/apt/sources. 

List file and look for the repository entry and delete it.

This article will guide you on the different methods to #install #VirtualBox on Ubuntu 20.04 system. Now, you can create your first guest Linux machine or Windows environment on your Ubuntu system. 

#Xen is a popular, open-source virtual machine application that is officially supported by #Ubuntu. 

It provides high performance, but only supports a small number of host and guest operating systems. 

Ubuntu is supported as both a host and guest operating system, and Xen is available in the universe software channel.

If you want to explore more about the working of the Virtualbox then, you can visit the Official documentation of Virtualbox use from this page .

VirtualBox can be installed on #Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, and FreeBSD.

To find the #Linux version:

1. Open the terminal application (#bash shell).

2. For remote server login using the ssh: ssh user@server-name.


4. Type the following command to find Linux kernel version: uname -r.

This guide will help you to Find Your Public IP address in #Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. 

ipconfig stands for Internet Protocol Configuration, while ifconfig stands for Interface Configuration.

The #ifconfig command is supported by Unix-based operating systems.


The presence of a #public IP #address on your router or computer will allow you to organize your own server (VPN, FTP, WEB, etc.), remote access to your computer, video surveillance cameras, and access them from anywhere in the global network.

To Find Local / Public IP Address in #Ubuntu 20.04:

1. Open Settings and navigate to Network in left pane.

2. Click on the gear icon under connected wired network.

3. In the pop-up it shows the detailed information including your IP address.

To find my IP address and port number in Linux:


ii. This will populate a list of your active TCP connections. 


This article will guide you on methods to logout from the Linux #Mint. Based on your convenience, you can use either the keyboard shortcut or the system menu to logout from your session. When you use a terminal or if you log in to an #Ubuntu system via #SSH, you open a shell session. If you want to logout from your session, you simply exit the #shell. This is why the exit command is equivalent to log out command in Linux.

To switch users in #Linux:

The su command lets you switch the current user to any other user. 

If you need to run a command as a different (non-root) user, use the –l [username] option to specify the user account. 

Additionally, su can also be used to change to a different shell interpreter on a go.

This article will guide you on methods to remove or #uninstall a program in #Linux #Mint 20. 

To uninstall a program, use the "apt-get" command, which is the general command for installing programs and manipulating installed programs.


To uninstall an RPM package:

1. Execute the following command to discover the name of the installed package: rpm -qa | grep Micro_Focus. This returns PackageName , the #RPM name of your Micro Focus product which is used to identify the install package.

2. Execute the following command to uninstall the product: rpm -e [ PackageName ]

To clean up broken #packages in #Ubuntu:

i. Find your package in /var/lib/dpkg/info , for example using: ls -l /var/lib/dpkg/info | grep <package>

ii. Move the package folder to another location.

iii. Run the following command: sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq <package>

This article will guide you on the different methods to list down all the Linux system users. To know whether a particular user is having sudo access or not, we can use -l and -U options together. For example, If the user has sudo access, it will print the level of #sudo access for that particular user. 

If the user don't have sudo access, it will print that user is not allowed to run sudo on localhost.

To change users in #Linux:



Additionally, su can also be used to change to a different shell interpreter on the fly.

This article will guide you on the different methods of shutting down a #Linux Mint 20 system. Whenever you are done with your work on your Linux #Mint 20 system, you can easily pick any method out of these four to turn off your system till you wish to use it again.

sudo chmod u+s /sbin/shutdown


To schedule a #shutdown, add the [time] argument and specify when you want it to take place. There are two ways to shut down the system at a specific time – using the absolute or relative time format.

To  restart Linux Mint:

1. You can go back to the login screen and close your entire session (losing all open applications) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Backspace. 

2. If your system doesn't respond to that you can cleanly reboot your system by holding down Alt + SysRq and slowly typing the letters "r e i s u b" in that order.

This article will guide you on different methods system administrators can use to check #memory #usage in #Linux #Mint 20. One of these methods was based on GUI and is intended for the users who prefer to work with a catchy interface. 

The other three methods are #CLI based since most of the tasks in the Linux based operating systems is performed via the command-line interface.

The simplest way is to fill /tmp, assuming it is using tmpfs which is the default. Run df -k /tmp to make sure it is. Keep in mind that without giving the program a maximum amount of memory it'll allocate until it exhausts the amount it can (may be limited by ulimit, amount of memory, or size of address space).

Commands to Check Memory Use in Linux:

1. cat Command to Show Linux Memory Information.

2. free Command to Display the Amount of Physical and Swap Memory.

3. vmstat Command to Report Virtual Memory Statistics.

4. top Command to Check Memory Use.

5. htop Command to Find Memory Load of Each Process.

This article will guide you on different installation methods for the VLC. We have also seen how we can uninstall this streaming #software from the system when it is not needed.

VLC Media Player is one of the most well known and arguably best media players available for any platform, including Windows. #VLC can also help you convert video files from one format to another, save YouTube videos for offline playback, and record your own videos using your webcam.

Using #Linux #Terminal to Install VLC in #Ubuntu:

1. Click on Show Applications.

2. Search for and launch Terminal.

3. Type the command: sudo snap install VLC .

4. Provide the sudo password for authentication.

VLC will be downloaded and installed automatically.

This article will guide you on how to #install #MySQL server on Debian 10 #Linux system. Also we looked into how to secure the installation and connect with the MySQL shell. Using the Validate password #plugin you can make a more secure database MySQL password #authentication.

MySQL is an #RDBMS tostore, retrieve, modify and administrate a database usingSQL.

The mysql #command:

1. -h followed by the server host name (server.linuxapt.com).

2. -u followed by the account user name (use your MySQL username).

3. -p which tells mysql to prompt for a password.

4. database the name of the database (use your database name).

This article will guide you on how to get PDFs edited within no time and that too without installing any third-party applications. To open a PDF file in #Ubuntu, Simply, double click on the #PDF file icon, or right-click and select the "Open with Document Viewer" option.

To edit files in #Linux:

1. Press the ESC key for normal mode.

2. Press i Key for insert mode.




This article will guide you on how to work with #XAMPP in Linux Mint 20. This will help you to easily host your #applications on this server. With this, you can create a simple PHP application, however, you can even choose to create applications with complex functionality that are not essentially written in #PHP but can also be written in Perl or #MySQL.

XAMPP is a powerful and versatile solution for setting up a local web server. It presents a perfect way to create an environment for basic #WordPress coding, experimenting with multisite settings, tweaking #themes, and much more.

To run xampp on Linux:

1. Install gnome-panel to be able to create launcher.

2. Run the below command to execute the Create Launcher Application.

3. The "create launcher" window pops up and select “Application” as the Type.

4. Enter for example "XAMPP starter" as the Name.

5. Enter "sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start" into the Command Box.

To Remove Xampp from Linux (Ubuntu):

i. >sudo /opt/lampp/uninstall.

ii. Alternatively > sudo -i cd /opt/lampp ./uninstall.

iii. > sudo rm -r /opt/lampp.

This article will guide you on steps to install #XAMPP on Linux Mint 20. You will also learn the method of uninstalling XAMPP web server whenever you feel like it.

The #htdocs folder can be found in /opt/lampp/ . You can navigate to your root folder from the file manager (nautilus by default), by clicking on Other locations from the sidebar, then #Computer . From there you can find the opt folder that contains the lampp folder.

To install xampp in MX #Linux:

1. Click XAMPP for Linux. It's in the middle of the page.

2. Allow the download to complete.

3. Open #Terminal.

4. Change over to the "Downloads" directory.

5. Make the downloaded file executable.

6. Enter the installation #command.

7. Enter your password when prompted.

8. Follow the installation prompts.

This article will guide you on steps to install #MariaDB on the #Linux operating system. 

MariaDB offers more and better storage engines. NoSQL support, provided by Cassandra, allows you to run SQL and NoSQL in a single database system. MariaDB also supports TokuDB, which can handle big data for large organizations and corporate users.

As a columnar database, MariaDB ColumnStore stores table data in columns rather than rows. Data partitioning by columns is also called Vertical Partitioning.

MariaDB is a drop in place replacement for #MySQL, but you can also install it alongside MySQL. 

To install MariaDB on #Ubuntu 18.04, follow these steps:

1. Update packages index. sudo apt update.

2. Once the packages list is updated, install MariaDB by issuing the following command: sudo apt install mariadb-server.

3. The MariaDB service will start automatically.

This article will guide you on the basic operations that you can perform on #MongoDB #tables or #collections. By following the very same syntax and operations, you can even write other complex #queries that can easily serve the purpose of your particular task.

MongoDB is almost 100 times faster than traditional database system like RDBMS, which is slower in comparison with the #NoSQL databases. MongoDB supports deep query-ability i.e we can perform dynamic queries on documents using the document-based query language that's nearly as powerful as #SQL.

To open a collection in MongoDB:

1. Finding the current database you're in. db.

2. Listing databases. show databases. 

3. Go to a particular #database. use <your_db_name>.

4. Creating a Database.

5. Creating a Collection. 

6. Inserting #Data.

7. Querying Data. 

8. Updating documents.

This article will guide you on the steps to #install #PostgreSQL on your #Linux #Mint 20 system and hence you can use it for efficiently managing your relational #databases. PostgreSQL is an advanced version of #SQL which provides support to different functions of SQL like foreign keys, #subqueries, #triggers, and different user-defined types and functions. To install PostgreSQL Linux Mint: 1. Add the #PGDG APT source file. 2. Add the PostgreSQL Package Repository Key. 3. Update, Upgrade, and Install PostgreSQL. 4. The postgres user. 5. The postgres database. 6. The #psql #Command Line Utility. 7. Create super user account. 8. Login using our newly created account.

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