Flashcards by halle074, updated more than 1 year ago
Created by halle074 over 5 years ago



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Question Answer
Emotions motivate 2 main dimensions -quality/valence : aversive/appetite --we want to escape from threatening situations such as snarling animals, disease, bad people -intensity/arousal : high/low --some things we want a lot, some things we want less; the amount of arousal attributed to these "Wants" is reflected by how much we want them
Steer our balances
disgust steer free of infectious situations
average arousal ratings
extreme emotions evoke high arousal, but different emotions are not differentiated by arousal alone
polygraph relies on the interpretation that a professional polygrapher has of the polygraph's reading --polygraph is biofeedback to questions asked by the polygraph INTENDED purpose: differentiate the guilty from the innocent -problem: there is noknown biological response that differentiates the guilty/lying from the innocent/truthful
"lie detection" control question technique CQT is based on the idea: the "guilty" are more afraid of being caught than the "innocent" and their physiological arousal tells the "truth"
CQT: control questions "have you ever been in jail before?" -are not directly related to the crime and are supposed to evoke weak physiological responses
CQT: crime relevant questions (eg did you kill the man?) could incriminate the subject and are supposed to evoke strong physiological arousal
control question technique compare "spikes" to your normal state ask question that the answer is known to :)
"Lie Detection" Control Question Technique -despite being widely used by multiple law enforcement and government institutions, many researchers questions CQT's reliability -no specific physiological response for "guilt" or "lying" exists -PHysiological response cannot differentiate from "fear", "elation", "excitation"
Criticsms Nervous people may have larger physiological responses than the normal person, CQT may convict because nervous
Psychopaths may escape conviction -boldness: low fear -dis-inhibition: poor impulse control -meanness: lack of empathy (weak physical reactions)
"Lie detection" Control Question Technique (CQT) professionals who do polygraps claim 95% accuracy, yet this is a sweeping overestimate because many of the "positives" i.e. guilty responses. including innocent people confessing to crimes they did not commit -65% better estimate -most people do not want their freedom to depend on it
alternative to the CQT guilty knowledge test (GKT)
GKT assesses one's recognition memory via an event-related potential, the P300 -the P300 is a CNS measure of stimulus recognition -"guilty knowledge": murder weapon, location of murder, body parts where the victim would have been wounded, etc. -only stimulus that a guilty person would of known
GKT probes chart
chest, knife, bedroom
GKT "guilty knowledge" for 2/3 of knowledge, had higher P300 levels -an innocent person would have little to no recognition of crime stimuli, and therefor have small P300 levels
Government institutions use CQT convictions by way of confessions -probably why CQT is not admissible in court, but confessions are --invalid technique that produces results -future in lie detection-- CQT must be abandoned
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