The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion

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Transcript The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion

39a - explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors,
including Zheng He, Vasco DaGama, Christopher Columbus,
Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain
39b - define the Columbian Exchange and its global
economic and cultural impact
39c - explain the role of the improved technology in
European exploration including the astrolabe
 What were the motivations of early explorers?
 How did these motivations open up the world as we
know it today?
 Think about the still unexplored areas on our planet
and in the Universe… why do we want to explore
them? What is the benefit to mankind?
 With an elbow partner, discuss… we will share this in 2
 How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?
 How about the Crusades?
 But why?
 Luxury goods from Asia
 Spices
 Why spices?
 Traditional trade routes took a long time
 How do you think they got from Europe to the East?
 Bartolomeu Dias
 “To serve God and His majesty, to give light to those who
were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to
 The caravel
 Made it possible to sale against the wind
 Sturdier
 Triangular sails from Arabs
 Better navigational techniques
 The Astrolabe
 Prince Henry
 Son of Portugal's King
 Wished to spread Christianity
 Set up trade routes down the West Coast of Africa
 Slaves
 1488 – Dias and his crew
sailed down the coast of
Africa to what is now
known as the Cape of
Good Hope
 After storm, Dias
realized they were on the
other side
 In 1498, Da Gama reached India
 The first European to do so
 The 27,000 mile journey had given Portugal a direct
route to India
 Zheng He
 Used the magnetic compass to help navigate by finding
direction; made navigation more exact
 The compass also helped European explorers
 Explored to show Chinese superiority
 Expeditions were cancelled because Chinese officials
though that they wasted valuable resources (cost too
You have 2 minutes… starting now!
 Italian sea captain
 His mission was funded by Spain
 Find a sea route to India by sailing west
 Short-term impact: Increase tensions between Spain
and Portugal
 Long-term impact: Opened up the new world to
European settlers
 What was Bartolomeu Dias the first to do?
 What was Vasco da Gama the first to do?
 Portugal believed Columbus had reached Asia
 They believed Spain may have claimed lands AFTER
Portugal had discovered them (remember Vasco da
 Pope suggested drawing an imaginary line in the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean
 What was Columbus’ goal?
 Who funded his mission?
 Explain the Treaty of Tordessillas.
 After Vasco da Gama, Portugal built a trading empire
throughout the Indian Ocean.
 The Dutch East India Trading Company
 Had power to mint money, make treaties, and raise
 The Netherlands along with England eroded Portuguese
control of Asia
 1500 – 1800, Europeans battled for control over
Southeast Asia
 They also began to conquer this region
 3 – things you learned
 2 – things you want to learn more about
 1 – thing you have a question about
 What was the early role of Spain in the Americas?
 How has the influenced lasted and shaped the
Americas today?
 It took Columbus nearly two months to reach land
 He had not discovered a new sea route to Asia…
 Her had actually reached an island in the Caribbean
Sea Scholars think was the Bahamas
 Why did he call the native inhabitants that he
encountered “los indios?”
 Columbus was granted permission/funds for three
more trips
 No longer as an explorer but now as an Empire builder
 His mission was to start colonies
 Territories controlled by another nation
What was Columbus looking for?
2. What did he actually discover?
3. On his later voyages, what was Columbus’ goal?
4. What was Magellan's men/ships the first to do?
Pedro Alvares
Claimed Brazil
for Portugal
Italian in service of
Claimed land
was not part of
Asia but of a
“New World;”
America named
after him
Vasco Nunez
Marched across
Panama to
become the first
European to see
the Pacific
 Spanish Explorer
 In 1519, he set out to sail into the waters of the Pacific
and find the East Indies
 Magellan reached the Philippines and was killed
 His crew continued to sail towards home
 Only 1 ship of 5 made it and 18 of 250 men
 The were the first persons to circumnavigate the globe
 What does “circumnavigate” mean?
 Spanish Explorers lured
by rumors of riches
 Carved out colonies in
what would become
Mexico, South America,
and the United States
 What was the result?
 Tremendous Spanish
influence in the New
 Name one explorer and his importance?
 Conquered the Aztecs in 1521
 Motivated by gold and riches
 Only 600 men killed thousands of Aztecs
 Many killed by disease
 Conquered the Incas in 1532
 Pizzarro’s army of 200 killed roughly 30,000 Inca
warriors lead by Atahualpa
 Settlers mixed with native peoples creating mestizo –
mixed community
 The Spanish were also oppressive rulers
 Encomienda - Landlords purchased the labor of the
native peoples from the Spanish government
 By the 16th Century, Spain is the richest, most powerful
nation in the World
 Explorers push north into what is now the United
 Ponce De Leon – claimed Florida for Spain in 1513
 Coronado – lead an expedition through what is now
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas
 Santa Fe, New Mexico founded by Catholic Priests in
early 17th Century
 What is the importance of the Spanish Empire today?
 Who were the Conquistadors and what was their
 How did the settlement of North America take place?
 How does this shape the United States today?
 France, England, and the Netherlands claim land in
North America!
 Samuel De Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with
32 colonists and founded Quebec
 Quebec became the base for France’s North American
 Jamestown
 Founded in 1607
 First successful English colony
 7 out of 10 dies of hunger, starvation and disease
 Pilgrims
 Calvinists – What did Calvinists believe?
 Founded the Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts) in 1620
 Fled Europe to exercise greater religious freedom
 Puritans
 Calvinists – were against the Anglican church… why?
 Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
 Henry Hudson
 Englishmen in service of the Netherlands
 Was searching for a Northwest sea route to Asia
 Ended up explorer the waterways of the American North
 The Dutch also colonized a great deal of the Caribbean
 Before and after the French and Indian War
 Many battles fought between colonists and Native
 King Phillips War
 Metacom (also known as King Phillip) leads an attack
on colonists in Massachusetts
 Colonists respond with massacre
 Massacres on both sides