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Nature Mythology

(403 words)

Author(s): Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette
[German Version] For Greco-Roman antiquity, we need a more extended concept of nature mythology than the understanding that took shape in the 19th century. As the sum of all nature myths (Myth: II, 2), nature mythology covers a broad spectrum of popular narrative from the past that represented the interaction of gods and nature as well as the mutual interaction of various realms of nature (Nature deities). Nature mythology documents the need to explain how nature functions, but also attests to the…

Cornutus, Lucius Annaeus

(172 words)

Author(s): Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette
[German Version] (born in Leptis, North Africa) was active as a Stoic philosopher in Rome and was exiled under Nero between 63 and 65 ce. In addition to diverse scholarly commentaries, Cornutus authored an Overview of the Greek Doctrine of the gods (᾽Επιδρομὴ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ῾Ελληνικὴν ϑεολογίαν παραδεδομἑνων/ epidromḗ t#o->;n katà tḗn Hellēnikn theologían paradedoménôn). As ¶ an aid to elementary instruction in philosophy, the Overview offers a selection of the doctrines of the early philosophers. Cosmogony, important gods, their attributes and e…


(349 words)

Author(s): Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette
[German Version] (314, Antioch – c. 393, Antioch) was the most significant orator and teacher of rhetoric (I) of the late imperial period. Working in Antioch, he had Julian the Apostate as well as famous Christian preachers such as John Chrysostom among his students. Libanius advocated a form of Hellenism in which language, style, and content, including the basic religious outlook, would be inseparably interwoven. Christian education was not to be granted access to the Greek paideia (Education, Theory of: II), and especially not to rhetoric. The conceptual proximity of …


(578 words)

Author(s): Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette | Brague, Rémi
[German Version] I. The God Aion – II. Philosophy I. The God Aion Αἰών/Aiōn, the Greek god of eternity in the sense of immeasurable, unbounded return is attested from Hellenism onwards. Aion never had a uniform character; sometimes he appears as a (linearly) eternal, sometimes as a (cyclically) ever-renewing god. Origins in the Semitic or Egyptian realm are likely. Alexandrian coins (2nd cent. ce) portray Aion as a self-rejuvenating phoenix. According to the Greek “Alexander Novella” (I 30–33), Aion is…


(787 words)

Author(s): Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette | Houtman, Cornelis
[German Version] I. Greco-Roman – II. Old Testament I. Greco-Roman The word is formed from the Greek αἴτιον/ aition (reason, ground) and λόγος/ lógos (doctrine). Aristotle ( Metaph. 982b–983a) sees the first steps toward a “scientific” explanation of the world in the curious astonishment to which one feels compelled in the face of the phenomenal world before one's eyes. The question concerning the why, the aetion, that gives rise to the aetiology encompasses all aspects of life, from the appearance of the plants to the search for t…

Ancestors, Cult of

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