Space and PhysicsAstronomy

Mysterious Rocket Crash Caused Strange Double Crater On The Moon

Could space junk from one of China's lunar missions be the answer?


Tom Hale

Senior Journalist

clockJun 28 2022, 11:20 UTC
Double crater on the Moon created by a rocket crash.
The unusual twin crater appears to the result of a rocket booster that impacted the moon in March 2022. Image credit: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University

An unusual double crater has been spotted on the Moon after an object crashed to the lunar surface earlier this year. NASA says the twin crater is the result of a rocket body colliding with the rocky surface, but the precise identity of that rocket currently remains a mystery.


The images were snapped by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter near the northeast rim of the Hertzsprung basin, an enormous 536-kilometer-wide (333 miles) impact basin found on the far side of the Moon.

The overlapping craters, an eastern crater about 18-meters (59 feet) in diameter and a western crater about 16-meters (52 feet) in diameter, were created on March 4, 2022. The dual nature of the craters is surprising since they're like few other rocket body impacts that have scarred the Moon before.

Double moon crater
Confirming the location of the double crater crash site. The width of the frame is 367 meters. Image credit: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University

Chunks of the Saturn V rockets used in the Apollo 13, 14, 15, and 17 missions created impact creators on the Moon during the 1970s, but these crashes resulted in a circular, albeit slightly irregular, single crater. This is because spent rockets have most of their mass towards the motor end, while the rest of the rocket is largely just an empty fuel tank, resulting in the rocket body hitting the ground vertically. 

The double crater spotted near the Hertzsprung basin is unexpected because it suggests the rocket body had large masses at both ends and smashed into the Moon horizontally. 

Craters formed by impacts of the rockets of the Apollo missions.
Craters formed by impacts of the rockets of the Apollo missions, with diameters ranging from 35 to 40 meters. Image credit: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University

There’s speculation that the unusual craters were created by the falling booster of Chang'e 5-T1, China's robotic spacecraft that was launched to the Moon in 2014. 

Earlier this year, astronomical software designer Bill Gray predicted that a disused rocket booster would hit the lunar surface in March. While it was initially suspected to be part of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, later evidence suggested it was a booster from the Chang'e 5-T1 lunar mission.

In a recent blog post, Gray said the location of the creator neatly ties up with his predictions of where the Chinese booster was predicted to land, although he is also confused by the strange nature of the double crater. 


“I'm a little puzzled by this,” Gray writes. “But I am in no way an expert on what happens in high-speed impacts like this, except to know that they can have some very strange, non-intuitive results.”

“The theory has been going around that if this were an impact at a shallow angle, it might create an elongated or double crater (as does sometimes happen, and accounts for some elongated/double lunar craters). But the Chang'e 5-T1 booster came in at about 15 degrees from vertical. So that's not the explanation for this one,” he added. 

For its part, China's Foreign Ministry has previously denied the booster heading towards the Moon was from its Chang'e-5, claiming that the rocket headed back towards Earth and burned up on re-entry. 


NASA hasn't weighed in on what it thinks caused the double crater to appear yet, but there's no doubt some ideas are floating around among its scientists.

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