济民药业，关爱无限 www.pidrug.com
198 9654 1773
当前位置：首页 > 药品资讯 > 精神科 > 双硫仑disulfiram


[ 人气:163 | 日期: 2020-08-04 | 返回 | 打印 ]
英 文 名：disulfiram
药品价格：$ 美国市场售价 71.13 美元
适 用 症：用于成年人酒精上瘾症。

【双硫仑disulfiram 简述】


【双硫仑disulfiram 适应症】
【双硫仑disulfiram 规格】
【双硫仑disulfiram 服用方法】
【双硫仑disulfiram 注意事项】
【双硫仑disulfiram 不良反应】


    Disulfiram has been studied as a possible treatment for cancer[2] and latent HIV infection.[3]
    Disulfiram is used as a second line treatment,behind acamprosate and naltrexone, for alcohol dependence.[4]
    Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzymealcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to a harmless acetic acid derivative (acetyl coenzyme A). Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. After alcohol intake under the influence of disulfiram, the concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood may be five to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. As acetaldehyde is one of the major causes of the symptoms of a "hangover," this produces immediate and severe negative reaction to alcohol intake. About 5 to 10 minutes after alcohol intake, the patient may experience the effects of a severe hangover for a period of 30 minutes up to several hours. Symptoms include flushing of the skin, accelerated heart rate, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, throbbing headache, visual disturbance, mental confusion, postural syncope, and circulatory collapse.
    Disulfiram should not be taken if alcohol has been consumed in the last 12 hours.[5] There is no tolerance to disulfiram: the longer it is taken, the stronger its effects.[1] As disulfiram is absorbed slowly through the digestive tract and eliminated slowly by the body, the effects may last for up to two weeks after the initial intake; consequently, medical ethics dictate that patients must be fully informed about the disulfiram-alcohol reaction.[6]
    Disulfiram does not reduce alcohol cravings, so a major problem associated with this drug is extremely poor compliance. Methods to improve compliance include subdermal implants, which release the drug continuously over a period of up to 12 weeks, and supervised administration practices, for example, having the drug regularly administered by one's spouse.[medical citation needed]
Side effects in abence of alcohol
    The most common side effects in the absence of alcohol are headache, and a metallic or garlic taste in the mouth, though more severe side effects may occur.[7]Tryptophol, a chemical compound that induces sleep in humans, is formed in the liver after disulfiram treatment.[8] Less common side effects include decrease in libido, liver problems, skin rash, and nerve inflammation.[9] Liver toxicity is an uncommon but potentially serious side effect, and risk groups e.g. those with already impaired liver function should be monitored closely. That said, the rate of disulfiram-induced hepatitis are estimated to be in between 1 per 25,000 to 1 in 30,000,[10] and rarely the primary cause for treatment cessation.
    Cases of disulfiram neurotoxicity have also occurred, causing extrapyramidal and other symptoms.[11] Disulfiram (Antabuse) can produce neuropathy in daily doses of less than the usually recommended 500 mg. Nerve biopsies showed axonal degeneration and the neuropathy is difficult to distinguish from that associated with ethanol abuse. Disulfiram neuropathy occurs after a variable latent period (mean 5 to 6 months) and progresses steadily. Slow improvement may occur when the drug's use is stopped; often there is complete recovery eventually.[12]
    Disulfiram disrupts metabolism of several other compounds, including paracetamol (acetaminophen),[13] theophylline[14] and caffeine.[15] However, in most cases, this disruption is mild and presents itself as a 20–40% increase in the half-life of the compound at typical dosages of disulfiram.








Rm. 314, Sun Ling Plaza, 30 On Kui Street, Fanling, HONG KONG
198 9654 1773
  • 关注我们 :
  • 香港济民药业微博
  • 关注香港济民药业博客
  • 香港济民药业微信公众号