Fructose Intolerance in Kids

Fructose is a simple sugar that occurs naturally in some foods -- notably, fruit. It's 1.2 times sweeter than sucrose, or table sugar, and because of this, manufacturers often use it as an added sweetener in many processed foods and drinks. Most children can digest fructose without a problem; however, some kids lack the enzyme needed to properly break down and absorb fructose. The severity of this condition -- called fructose intolerance -- can range from mild to life-threatening.


Fructose intolerance is a general term that can be used to describe two separate conditions. The first – and more serious – condition is called hereditary fructose intolerance. Children with hereditary fructose intolerance are born without the enzyme that is needed to break down fructose. In order for a child to have hereditary fructose intolerance, he must receive an abnormal gene from both parents. The other type of fructose intolerance is called fructose malabsorption. This less serious condition is characterized by an inability to properly digest fructose.


The symptoms of each type of fructose intolerance differ, as well. Hereditary fructose intolerance can cause more serious symptoms, such as irritability, excessive sleepiness, jaundice, vomiting and convulsions after the consumption of fructose. The symptoms of fructose malabsorption are less serious and related to the digestive system. They may include abdominal pain, gas, bloating and diarrhea.


Most children with hereditary fructose intolerance can live a healthy, happy life by avoiding fructose and sucrose. A small number of children may develop severe liver disease, even with removal of the sugars from the diet. The prognosis depends on how soon the fructose intolerance diagnosis was made, how quickly fructose and sucrose are removed from the diet and the severity of the condition, according to Medline Plus. Other complications may include seizures, gout, low blood sugar, bleeding and even death.

Foods to Avoid

Removing fructose from your child’s diet is the only way to prevent symptoms and reduce the risk of complications, like liver disease. Avoid foods that contain fructose, high fructose corn syrup, sorbitol and sucrose in the ingredient list. Fruit, fruit juices, powdered sugar, soda, sports drinks, sweetened milk and honey should also be removed from your child’s diet.