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감마-아미노-N-부티르 산

감마-아미노-N-부티르 산
감마-아미노-N-부티르 산 구조식 이미지
카스 번호:
감마-아미노-N-부티르 산
4-Aminobutyric acid
GABA;4-AMINOBUTANOIC ACID;GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID;gamma;56-12-6;H-GABA-OH;Y-Aminobutyric acid;4-Aminobutyric acid(GABA);Gammalone;aminobutyric
포뮬러 무게:
MOL 파일:

감마-아미노-N-부티르 산 속성

195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
끓는 점
248.0±23.0 °C(Predicted)
1.2300 (estimate)
1.4650 (estimate)
저장 조건
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
산도 계수 (pKa)
4.031(at 25℃)
물리적 상태
White to almost white
JECFA Number
CAS 데이터베이스
56-12-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
4-Aminobutanoic acid(56-12-2)
4-Aminobutanoic acid (56-12-2)


위험품 표기 Xi,Xn
위험 카페고리 넘버 36/37/38-20/21/22
안전지침서 26-36
WGK 독일 2
RTECS 번호 ES6300000
위험 참고 사항 Irritant
HS 번호 29224995

감마-아미노-N-부티르 산 MSDS


감마-아미노-N-부티르 산 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산


4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone. Although chemically it is an amino acid, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, because the term "amino acid," used without a qualifier, conventionally refers to the alpha amino acids, which GABA is not, nor is it ever incorporated into a protein. In spastic diplegia in humans, GABA absorption becomes impaired by nerves damaged from the condition's upper motor neuron lesion, which leads to hypertonia of the muscles signaled by those nerves that can no longer absorb GABA.

화학적 성질

4-Aminobutyric acid is a compound with the chemical formula C4H9NO2, is an amino acid, which widely exists in vertebrates, plants and microorganisms. It is a white flake or needle-like crystal; slightly odorous, deliquescence; easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in hot ethanol, insoluble in cold ethanol, ether and benzene; decomposition point is 202°C; LD50 (rat, abdominal cavity) 5400mg/kg.




4-Aminobutyric acid is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, which has good water solubility and thermal stability. It has been confirmed that GABA, as a small molecular weight non protein amino acid, has edible safety and can be used in the production of beverages and other foods. Studies have shown that a certain amount of GABA can improve the body's sleep quality and reduce blood pressure.The foods contain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at an amount that shows immediate effect of suppressing autonomic nerve activity related to blood pressure increase. Reacts with isothiocyanates to produce thioureas which have antifungal activity.


ChEBI: Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. It has a role as a signalling molecule, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is a gamma-amino acid and a monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a butyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a gamma-aminobutyrate. It is a tautomer of a gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion.

제조 방법

The synthesis of 4-aminobutyric acid mainly includes the following: the first is the use of potassium Phthaloyl imine and γ- Chloroprene cyanogen or butyrolactone is used as the raw material of GABA. The final product obtained after violent reaction and hydrolysis is GABA; The second is to use pyrrolidone as the initial raw material, hydrolyze it through calcium hydroxide and ammonium bicarbonate, and finally open its ring to obtain GABA; The third is to use butyric acid and ammonia as raw materials of GABA γ GABA was obtained by light reaction under X-ray conditions; The fourth method is to synthesize GABA with propylamine and formic acid by glow discharge; The fifth is to use methyl bromoacetate and ethylene as raw materials to prepare GABA. Methyl 4-bromobutyrate is obtained through polymerization. Finally, the product after ammonolysis and hydrolysis is GABA. The chemical synthesis methods of GABA have the disadvantages of difficult reaction control and high cost.

일반 설명

γ-Aminobutyric acid is a chief inhibitory neurotransmitter, which is found in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus. It is formed via the decarboxylation of L-glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD).

생물학적 활성

γ-Aminobutyric acid is a major endogenous inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors).

Mechanism of action

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) probably represents the most important inhibitory transmitter of the mammalian CNS (also see Chapter 15). Both types of GABAergic inhibition (pre- and postsynaptic) use the same GABAA receptor subtype, which acts by regulation of the chloride channel of the neuronal membrane. A second GABA receptor type, GABAB, that is a G protein–coupled receptor is not considered to be important in understanding the mechanism of hypnotics. Activation of a GABAA receptor by an agonist increases the inhibitory synaptic response of central neurons to GABA through hyperpolarization. Because many, if not all, central neurons receive some GABAergic input, this leads to a mechanism by which CNS activity can be depressed. For example, if the GABAergic interneurons are activated by an agonist that inhibits the monoaminergic structures of the brainstem, hypnotic activity will be observed. The specific neuronal structures in different brain regions affected by GABAA agonist continues to be better defined.


Drugs that act as allosteric modulators of GABA receptors (known as GABA analogues or GABAergic drugs) or increase the available amount of GABA typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety, and anti-convulsive effects. Many of the substances below are known to cause anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia.
In general, GABA does not cross the blood–brain barrier, although certain areas of the brain that have no effective blood–brain barrier, such as the periventricular nucleus, can be reached by drugs such as systematically injected GABA. At least one study suggests that orally administered GABA increases the amount of Human Growth Hormone. GABA directly injected to the brain has been reported to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the production of growth hormone, depending on the physiology of the individual.

신진 대사

GABA transaminase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4- aminobutanoic acid and 2-oxoglutarate into succinic semialdehyde and glutamate. Succinic semialdehyde is then oxidized into succinic acid by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and as such enters the citric acid cycle as a usable source of energy.

Purification Methods

Crystallise GABA from aqueous EtOH or MeOH/Et2O. Also crystallise it by dissolving it in the least volume of H2O and adding 5-7 volumes of absolute EtOH. [Sherman Biochemical Preparations 4 91 1955, de Witt Org Synth Coll Vol II 25 1943, Beilstein 4 III 1316, 4 IV 2600.]

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