What is Groupthink?

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon whereby pressure within a group to agree results in failures to think critically about an issue, situation or decision.

Groupthink Example

Let's say John, Jane, and Jeff are fund managers for the XYZ mutual fund company. They meet weekly to discuss their investing strategies and their top picks. The three get along well and trust each other's judgment.


John and Jane are the victims of groupthink. They didn't independently analyze the stock and relied on everyone else in the group to point out flaws in Jeff's thinking.

Psychologist Irving Janis coined the term in 1972. Janis cited eight signals of groupthink:

  1. Excessive optimism
  2. Discounting warnings
  3. A belief that the other person's motives are ethical
  4. A belief that people outside the group are troublemakers or create conflict
  5. Pressure not to disagree with other members of the group
  6. Failure to express doubts or differing opinions
  7. Assumption that what most of the group believes is what all of the group believes
  8. Members who 'protect' the leader from conflicting information or dissenters

Why the Psychology of Groupthink Matters

In the investing world, groupthink is akin to a 'herd mentality.' Knowing how to recognize groupthink provides a tremendous opportunity for contrarians to recognize when investors are buying or selling without thinking. This allows contrarians to question trends and even go in the opposite direction.

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Paul Tracy
Paul Tracy


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