crown but the earl of richmond ran after him and killing him stone dead with a blow of his battleaxe without axing him or saying with your leave or by your leave he then put the crown on his own crown and poor richard was crown over


henry vii


was not only fond of crowns but of halfcrowns shillings and sixpences and put all bc could lay his hands on into his own purse from the conviction were ready to cut each that money makes the marc to go


his son henry viii began to reign at eighteen years of ageand began by


cutting off the heads of his wives ns lie said lo find a good one or perhaps he fancied that tho only good women were those whose heads were olf


he then pulled the popes nose and threw a sum mersault over his religious principles and having burned a few catholics called himself defender ol tho faith although nobody knew what thc saith was


queen mary however soon threw a light up on thc subject by settingtip flesh and one fires all over angland


she supposed that protestan tism was a sort of plague which could only bc eradicated by burning and that to burn thc body was for thc


good of the soul


it is very strange that mary did not fall in love with a salamander and


flare up with a linkbearer


y stlie next queen was called good queen


bess but this goodqueen was not good for rnuchj as she very illnaturedly took oft the head of tho queen of scotland and brought tho block head


essex to tho blockwhen she found boxing iiis cars had no effect on his trunk


the spaniards now prepared an invincible armada to convert ignorance to puseyism and acut over a large quantity of holy water gurt powder crosses and cannon surplices and pike heads beads and thumbscrews missals and racks sacred relics arid gridirons to charm the english with popery


but tho holy water was sent under the crosses never crossed the chan nel the missals missled the racks were wrecked and the gridirons went to pot


so that england was saved from a good grilling


secession of the house of stuarts lfstuarts were a lucky race


they were called stewarts i suppose from their being always in a stew or hot water which is the same thine


jarnio stuart king of scotland was a walking lexicon nnd so brim full of latin and greek and wise saws that lie became fully entitled to the nameof sawney lt is a great pity he was not born in our times for he would havemade a capital constructive schoolmaster and beat tho sawnayt of exeter hall hollow if they hap pened npt to bc hollow as some suspect them to bo


jamie was a beauly


to look at having a slight cast of his eye a lurch of his mouth and


a twist of his leg


he resembled in some degree a british lion with a pair ofdonkeyscars and tail which he usually carried between his legs for he was by no means so brave as the bottled dragoon and was a little afraid


of his own shadow and the sight of a naked sword was to him a certain fit of tho ague and so common wasthis to him that it was feared that the church establishment would become endangered by thc royal personage joining thc sect of the shakers


r under these fearful circumstances was it not ahorrld wicked diabolical atrocious shameful cfttol thing for the papists to


concorat and a en vent


a vile abpminable plot to blow him up like peelings of onionspnolto blowhim up as wives blow up their husbands masterstheir ser van ts and childrens mammas the schoolmasters but to blowhim up with gunpowder i oh these cruel pnpists they wero determined to give him iiis gruel mid daft as he was to dosehim with til right daflys


so one guy faux who stuffed himself with the squibs of sedition the serpents of heresyl th crackers of rebellion autf the congreve i


of wholesale and retail wickednesswill a dark lanthom in his one hand and a bunch of matches in the other and a roll of stone brimstone for a walkingstick and a congreve rocket for a tooth pick like a great gun he made himself ready to go offbang but stop


this horrid monster of a man not only armed i himself without but within eating daily the most heretically seditious things as wicked provocatives to his fell designs


it is preserved in the records of ainsworth in grubstreet no tjiree pair back that this salamander acfually took sulphur posset for breakfast drank aquafortis instead of water washed his face and hands with oil of vi triol cleaned his teeth with port fire shaved himself with lunar caustic instead of soap dined off stewed bombshells and pickled hand grenades took lightning for his tea and thunder instead of muffins and ate hot suppers of cannonballs at a white heat


this walking lucifer match therefore de termined to be a match for the king and accord ingly he prepared a blow for him which was not to knock him down but to send him up


the parliament too that it might not consider itself neglected was to be madea general representative for airshire and the island of sky


the lords were to be exalted the commons were to be raised and the king himself pufted up like smoke and oakum


and now disguised sat guy with a train of thought leading to the lighting of a train of gunpowder and the barrel of his pistol agin the barrels of treason


he opens his dark lant horn and looks perfectly unquenehable


he lights his match for the matchless deed he puts it to ure train and in walks the police with their white gloves glazed hats truncheons and arm bands that they may know their right hand from their left and make no mistake in this im portant business


thus the affair never came on and therefore it could not go off for the secret was blown instead of the parliament and the boys of this loyal no popery nation are for ever to have popes and bonfires and squibbing and cracking in spite of the raw lobsters and the parish constable


to be continued j


gold and wak


chafieb i the th day of december


within a few hours of christmas eve and the almost obscured un receding irani sight as though his absence should givo additional en joyment to the blazing hearths on tho morrow


the cold raw wind as it breathed upon tho roads made them hard whilst the freezing pave ments told plainly of the arctic mantle which would envelope the now expiring year


coldcold


yet thousands of hearts wore warm with genial and kindly feelings


already many of the wholesale houses in the great city of london had closed and smiling clerks and grinning porters were hastily leaving their places of employ anxious to join their families nt nome and well pleased with thu generous christinas gifts their prosperous employ eis had bestowed upon them


tho retail shops however wero not closing


not they indeed


they wore having a bustling timo of it


in those busy stores as also in the overloaded plentcouslysupplied markets thou sands were engaged


prattling youngsters blooming girls sanguine youth comely matrons cautiouslathcrblidgettyauntsand even stingy old uncles wore each choosing and buying a something to make some ono still more happy on the sacred holiday of the morrow


what preparation too in almost every house


what largo supplies of luxurious viandswhat anticipations of kindly greetings of meeting old friends und familiar laceswhat fluttering of heartswhat inspection of new dresseswhat selections of new adornmentsrr bat hopes of conquests what regrets at quarrels what thoughts of christmas days long tincegone by what sacred tears perhaps for some dcor ones but yesterday ns it were lnred away by tho promise of australian gold or for others alas


too numerous who havo already gloriously fallen in thc sanguinary war with tho barbarians of russia


what varied emotions filled tho hearts of most who thought of tho morrow


to some came rcmcmbi onces of expectations which they had far outstripped j toothers reminiscences of faded hopes never to bo realised


mis


martha corbett did not go out into tho bustlo that afternoon although sho had dined much earlier than usual with the intention of so doing but from somo cause had changed her mind and the sat in her comfortable well furnished parlor where heavy oldfashioned damask curtains helped to exclude tho little day


light which struggled with tho mist without


mrs martha corbott owned tho house in which she dwelt as well as several others in the vicinity of walter terrace islington and was ono of those respectable and goodlooking sedate maiden ladies who in reality fuir of goodness have nevertheless so often boon treated with in gratitude as to become slosv to


act with kindness upon first impressions


thc lady did not seem altogether at ease that afternoon


tho bright warm fire tho soft cushioned easy chair thchandsome dark ma


hogany sofas tho wellstuffed seats and roomy proportions of which invited to indulgent ropose had no powor to give tranquillity or alford quietude


who that has passed through upwards of fifty years as sho liad dono and is left at that age with no kindred near har but must feel lonely when such a time os christmas conies


mrs corbett dwolt alone


with an ample in come far beyond lierwanta she felt ho deairoto reduce her expenses bybeeupyirig less tharta whole house


once her jmoteruus relatives had lived thore and thjighjvre jnowall gone how thc render will presently learn itduvst accord with tho good ladys ideas of what was due to the family name for her to occupy rooms or a floor


she saw but very littlo company and led an almost secluded lifeso that even thc great event of the next days festival gave her littlo occasion for preparation


asshe sat musing in her chair her arm resting on the table with head drooping busy busy thought was at work there


one uf a generation now last passing away she wore her own grey hair whilst her sobercolored silk dress accorded with her age far better than tho gaudy tinsel of fashionable custom which attires sixteen and tixty in thc same style


under ordinary circumstances thero was a mild aud pleasing expression in her dark grey eyes whilst the soft tones of her kindly voice fell plen j sandy on thc car


this evening she was in an unusualstatc of temper aud pneed moodily about the room often sighing as she sought to divert her mind from the current of its thoughts


a loud ring at thc doorbell aroused her at tention and afforded hopo of samo munns of changing tho theme of her reflection


usually thc old lady would not have noticed such a trifling matter but now she was glad of anything to attond to and therefore sumtnonod the servant girl to her presence


did i not hear a ring at tho bell jano


yes maam but there was no one there when i got to tho door


that is rather unusual i did you not seo any one about


well maam i looked np and down the street and didnt seo anybody except a tall young man going veiy fast awuy from the house


perhaps twos he rang the bell by mistake


perhaps so girl


and the old lady sighed again disappointed that nothing had arisen to employ her mind adding dear mohow my head does che jane


though it is very carly you shall bring mc up a cup of teaperhaps it will do mo good


tlic tea was speedily brought and as tho girl was about to leavo tho room she fidgcttcd near tho door a few minutes aud then hesitatingly said


oh if you please maam if you wouldnt mind it sarah will attend to anything you wish because it you please wanted to go out for aa hour or so


very well but may i ask where you wish to go to this evening asked tho old lady sus picious that the ring nt tho bell and thc girls going out had some connection though it did m t seem so from tho answer


why maam if you please i want to just run over into pentonvale where my married sister lives


she ha two dear little children my nephew and niece and have bought them one or two littlo presents and thought if i could just run over aud put tho toys on their pillow and kiss their dear little checks how happy they would bc in tho morning when they knew itt lt will mako me happier too maam if you please if you dont mind me going i


ill bo back by eight oclock maam if you ploasc


ch rich mrs corbett


iiow much poorer than your senant girl aro you now


tears start from the ladys eyes ns she replies yes certainlygo and tako this triflo from me to buy your nophuw and niece a warm gnr ment for the wintersay i send it them because you nro a good girl


thu delighted servant thanked her mistress and flew from tho room hoping to reach her sisters house before tho little ones had geno to bed


but mrs martha corbett sat and wopt


poor rich lady


she too had a nephew and niece in the city and most mournfully she mentally said


yet he disobeyed mc after all my kindness and in doing as i do i act on principio


this acting on principio howover did not seem to givo much consolation for tho lady still sighed as she sipped her tea and amid those painful reflections we leave her whilst wo ceo who it was that bo precipitately left thc door as footsteps approached to answer his own sum


mon j it might have been forty minutes before tho scene just described that a tall palo man whoso name was oswald raymond emerged from a decent though obscura house in a court running out of fleet street


ho walked rapidly on up ludgate hill through st pauls cheapside and thus on towards the bank lt had become nearly dark and amid thc bustle of tho cager throng nil full of thoughts of tho happy morrow but few noticed himfor to the ordinary observer thcro was not much in his appearance to attract at tention but to tho man whose constant occupa tion has lcd to frequent collision with men in large cities and


upon whom tho study of human character ti all its phases has become a habit j thero was much to bc observed in this young man


ho was probnbly about twentysix years of age his naturally handsomo countenance bore evident marks of recent sickness present anxiety and caro his tall wellbuilt figure by its slight bend told what a short timo since that infirmity had come tho threadbare coat darned gloves glassless hat mid the absence of an over j coat spoke but too plainly if his troubles


but j it was the eyetho restless anxious strange and sometimes hopeless glauco of that eyens in a few instants it exhibited all tho various feelings that spoko most end by the working of which


a close observer might hnvo marked tho emotion of the mind within


when oswald raymond reached cornhill he stood for a fen minutes irresolute and undeter minedfirst gazing apparently at the royal ex chango and thon moving to a brightlyillumined jewellers shop into the window of which he gazed for some time


in reality he saw nothing of the things his eyes appeared to rest upon but was debating something in his own mind


sud


denly he scorned to have come to sime resolution and walked away hastily in tho direction of islington


so absorbed had oswald been in his thoughts that he had not noticed two persons who had ob served him and his strangei demeanour mid by listning to whoso conversation wo shall glean something of his past history and present position


look said tho older ofthe two is not that oswald ilaymond who went to australia about threo yeurs ugo


it is indeed


good god how had ho looks how altered ho isand how poor ho seems to le


yes poor followlike hundreds of others ho fancied that it was only togo to australia and pick up gold like dirt and so he took bis young wife and wont there and soon became almost a beggar


i how shocking


but why could he not suc ceed in australia


i


for tim samo reasons thnt hundred like him cannot do so


a new country like that is no placo for artists or men who make the ideal or beautiful their study


men who can work hard and live hardthat is without delicacies or small luxuriesmechanics artisans and labourersto thom a now country is a means at once enabling them to become independent but for scholars artists or literary menthere is no chance of suc cessfor their own peculiar avocations there is no market at present und their education and former lifo unts them foe tho toil of digging in tho mines


j


and so ho came back with his family asked i the younger of tho two who seemed much in i terested


wellit would be most true perhaps to say i that he was brought back


i have understood from our agent in australia that oswald and his wifeendured great hardships therethat he sank under a fit of illness and must have died but for tho uerotednoss of his wife who although brought up ajady with every accomplishment as well as donyesiiffknowlcdgo yet absolutely supported him j and their children and camed sufficient to bring thom homo by absolute bard work


a good wife that


righta true one and it is a great pity that now he is back and getting better ho cannot procuro employ


but so


it isl poor fellow


ho appears in groat distress


yes i fear so and if ono was to


but it is a delicate matter or otherwise i have iiis addressfor ho wrote to nie a few weeks since to ask if i could uso my influence to obtain em


ployment for him


i am very surry for him rejoined the other


poor fellow


andit is just upon christmas live too


you say you know his addresssupposo


wellyes


but wo must be very careful for you know what a sensitive sort of being hu is nnd


something in the sbapo of a gift to hischil dren eh that might do


in a letter


and the two merchants passed on amid tho neverceasing din and uproar of cheapside


whilst these two gentlemen were pursuing thoir way and maturing some plan to afford temporary assistance to their old and esteemed acquaintance oswald kavraond that unfortunate young man lind rapidly reached islington


pausing for a momont as ho once again stood on thc doorstep he hud so often trodden a thou sand thoughts rushed into his mind and ho nervously raug the docrbcll


but oh courngcqnelling poverty


oh


strengthenfeebling sickness


how dost thou depress human nature


man as be was his reso lution failed him and no sooner did ho hear tho approach of footsteps to tho door from within than he hastened away and with great rapidity went from the street


sj sad a christmas eve


muttered he i dare not look upon her dear old face he who was once so kind and is now so cruel


wretched meddlers


how much misery have you inflicted us both


and worse still on my dear wife and children


for a long time did oswald walk end commune with his own distracted mind


at length he became more firmly resolved and retraced his steps to the house in wotcr terrace islington


tobe concluded in our next


a voyage from sydney to south australia and back again with mems social political agricultural moral and mining


i chapter vtji and last


i the reader is probably aware that the state cabins of coasters as the cupboards for the nocturnal confinement of travellers are called are divided into two sleeping shelves on which tiie occupants lie one over the other in layers like


calicos


in shops or bodies in a family vault the lower shelf is almost level with the floor of the cabinthe upper is about four feet above it and as one or the other must be the more commodious of the two he is in my judgment in a limited degree a benefactor to his species who enables intending voyagers to profitably select in this particular take my advice then and always choose the upper one


it is true that getting into a bed fixed at such a height is a somewhat violent proceeding but when you acquire the knack of poising yourself on the washhandstand before hurling yourself into bed the task be comes comparatively easy


with the single exception then of getting in and getting out which latter operation is done


by a somerset soon acquired the upper erth is so supe rior to the lower one that i shall never for a moment hesitate between the two


in the first place tiie boards of the upper berth upon which the bedding rests sometimes come out and fall altogetherboards bedding and bed fellowdown upon the sleeper below and it such an accident is to happen at all it is much better that you should fall upon your friend than that he should fall upon you


again whenever the man in the upper berth is too timid to throw himself out at once and fishes about with his feet for a landing whilst he holds on with his hands he ten to one misses his footing altogether and whilst you are won dering where the legs are going to or what they are about to do they conclude by slipping into your berth and standing upon your face or stomach before you can roll out of the way


besides this the cockroaches walk much more upon the lower man than they do upon the upper one taking liberties with him as if he were a person of less consequencea servant a slave or a mummy belonging to the other and stowed away under his bed as of no im portance


for these and other minor reasons it was that inow that an additional complement of passengers compelled us into twos for each state cabinat once choose the upper bedding place and knowing as i did for sixteen days and nights what a nuisance i was to my neighbour i never regretted my choice


at about sunset of the day of our departure from the wharf at fort adelaide we drew away with the stream and fell down the har bour with the tide


darkness comes upon us and the tide is out before we get to the nar row mouth of the harbour and therefore we drop our anchor and defer crossing the bar


until next morning


presently a boat con taming the new passengers who have been spending every moment they could spend on shore is seen cutting through the dark and leadneolored water to the ship


there are the phantoms owner two new passengers a stout passenger a most amiable and gentle manlike crown land commissioner of port phillip a tall one the stout ones dog and trunks and bandboxes for all we are intro duced by the captain and bow in the dark to each other or to the boatmen or to the sailors we are not certain which and teatimeeing read we descend to the cabin to eat sttaks drink tea and examine each ether there


a couple more of sea captains have come down the harbour with us in order to have a parting yarn with our captain and as usual when two or three skippers are gathered together in one place they start a pleasant conversation for those just commencing a voyage about that shipthe thomas or john something which want to the mauritius with wheat and has never since been heard of which na turally leads to the mention of at least a dozen other vessels which at different times have been run down gone ashore or foundered in gales of wind


conversation dwells in par ticular upon the sophia pate which was our mates contribution to the general entertain ment confirmed by a professional brother who


said he could remember it well which having run upon a reef of rocks and there lain for weeks until all the food was consumed the crew were at length driven to pick out and eat the oakum rom between the deck planking to keep themselves from starving until this failed when the captain said they must cast lots and that as it was fitter for boys to die than grownup men the boys must cast lots among themselves


that upon this one of the boys said he thought all ought to take their chance alike and that the lot ought not to be confined to the boysfor a boys life was as much to him as any other persons life was to him and that the captain said lets have none of your dd impudence but get ready at once and how that they did get ready and that the lot fell upon one and


that the ships butcher was called upon to kill the boy and refused and leaped overboard and de stroyed himself and that the boy then offered to kill himself and did so by cutting his own throat and was eaten by the rest bf the crew who were soon after picked up off the wreck by a passing vessel which thought the people on the wreck could not be in want of food for they had provisions hanging at the stern which the narrator said was only one of the legs of the poor boy


as the conversation has taken this san guinary turnnot a strikingly pleasant one even when you are safe on shore and much too exciting when you are at seawe withdraw at once to our dormitory and climb into bed and in a few moments notwithstanding the hor rible narratives we have been regaled with are fast asleep


before light next morning the phantom was under weigh over the bar and standing down the gulf of saint vincentwith a fair wind


we began to calculate as people always will calculate and look into the dark womb of the futurealways darkest at sea about the probable time of our arrival in sydney


lets see says one seven days going down to ade laideseven days we have been in portand say seven days back again


the passage home to sydney has been done in five but say seven or to be liberal and on the safe side ten


this will make the voyage usually a six weeks one only twentyfour days in all and if we do it seven days then only twentyone


how shall we astonish the natives


what will they think of the phantom


cries one to which our friend the north countryman who is still with us and sleeps under my bed cries j eh its grand sirs and jerks himself along the poop snapping his fingers and chuckling i as if sydney heads were already in sight in stead of being as they are twelve hundred miles away


alas


what shortsighted childish creatures we are


our captainwho by the bye is as i capital a fellow as ever trod a deckhas been trying in vain to put down this rising spirit of prophecy among us from as i believe the goodnatured desire to save us from disap pointment


it is strange how contemptuous if not absurdly incredulous some of us were to his not veiy new doctrine that the winds are uncertain and that we must expect bad luck mixed with good


they are deaf


but when the wind chops round and before we are halfway down the gulf becomes dead ahead we see plainly we are not to have it all our own way


on friday evening we left adelaide and although we have only sixty miles to do to get out of the gulf that distance is not accom plished even by sunday night


in short for seven or eight days after tins the wind was as foul as if to use the irish chiefmates words they had done it from spite


from exultant anticipation ol an early arrival in sydney we gradually become resigned to an ordinary pas sage and at last grow apathetic even under the apprehension of a very long one


there is nothing for it but to eat and drink in despera tion and play whist and loo and romp with the dog and set him at the goatwho some times butts the dog on his back and makes him howl an almost articulate murderand fish for barracoota with no other bait than a great staring tenpenny nail fastened upon a lump of red cedar in such a manner as to make it an insult to any fishs understanding to lay it before bis gills for their acceptance


and yet these most stupid fish are thus caught by dozenscoming in companies about this simple contrivance hooking and unhooking themselves and then coming back again as if enamored of the nail and never seeming to be easy in their minds until they are hauled upon deck and are opened for salting


this adverse wind too is not without profit j in other respects


it is certain that when we do get on shore we shall relish it


no one who has ever slept or endeavoured to sleep whilst standing upon his head in a gale of wind at seano one who has ever lis tened to his neighbour knocking himself to pieces in his cabin and swearing frightfully during the operationno one can have ever shaved at sea at the risk of amputating his nose slicing off bis chin or cutting bis throat no


christian heart that has ever been touched by the sound of that frightful tumbleof some


very heavy passenger down stairsno one who has heard his opposite neighbour crying out from his little hospital of a state cabin to the steward for gods sake to come againno one wlm has ever lain crushed humiliated al most spiritbroken upon the top of his own v hat coats telescope boots and blairs ser mons all combined into a little chaos of their own whilst the wind is howling through the rogino


and the raging sea is leaping and


roaring its wildest within a few inches of his earno one can have seen done and heard all those things without acquiring an intense and passionate appreciation even to very weakness of his own particular fourposter in his own quiet and uneonvulsed bedrom in the as it then appears to him at sea lovely city of i sydney


thus sweet are the uses of our marine adversity


on our tenth day out at about eleven oclock in the morning we sight a vessel a great way off with royals and studdingsails set coming towards us


the practised eye of our captain at once pronounces her from her general phy siognomy to be the dorset brig from syd ney bound for adelaide


she soon nears us and we set to work analysing each other with telescopes


as the vessels pass on their dif ferent ways and the captains roar questions


and answers at each other through speaking j trumpets what a steady concentrated and collective stare all thc people cf each vessel bestow on the other


we recognise a sydney friend on hoard and we wonder if he has tumbled out cf bed much during his passage hitherto


soon the vessels are at a great dis tance from each other on their trackless ways and still we find our eyes ever falling upon the little dorset as doubtless the little dor sets eyes were upon us


so absorbing and peculiar is the interest which one box of human


beings feels for another when encountering far away upon the desolate and mighty deep


they look so completely at the mercy of the power to which they have committed them selvesan observation which in all probability the dorset also makes upon us


tiie next object of interest is cape otway which we can see at about six oclock in the morning of our twelfth or thirteenth day out at the same time we sight two other vessels a barque and a brig both beating in the same direction as ourselves in the endeavour to double the cape


we soon got near enough to the barque to employ upon her the flag lan guage invented by captain marryatt and we ask


what she is which is not considered so rude a question at sea as it would be for one stranger to walk up to another and put the same question on shore


nevertheless the barque takes no sort of notice but scuds away as if she did not see us which is the first time i ever witnessed one vessel regularly cut ano ther at sea


our captain is disgusted and says the barques a beast


i charitably suggest that perhaps she might have been jolly last night and is not yet quite up and dressed and fit for conversation and this really looked something j like the factfor about an hour after and long after we have hauled down our flags and re tired back upon our own dignity the barque i runs her ensign up and thus recognises our j existence


as however she has nothing to


say we suspect she is dumb and altogether destitute of flags to express an ideashe is a clipper however for we hold together for a couple of days and leave her on the second night after we have made her acquaintance


she was recognised as the waratah from adelaide to port phillip and has made the quickest passage of the season from london to south australia


as for the brig a meian choly little tub called the union we ran


away from her altogether a few hours after we i saw her


j tiie next afternoon we have a most pictu j resque thunderstorm which has been brewiug all day in a lurid leaden coloured sky and comes clattering over our heads at sundown in sublime style


away comes the glorious southwester sweeping over the deep as it bursts in the fulness of its power out of the masses of angry clouds behind us


the thun j der roars as if it were rolling away into the very depths of old ocean the lightnings blaze away and fork out their finest patterns to lend sublimity to the scene


the wind moans and howls a melancholy dirge amongst the rigging whilst the seas mounting and curling come hissing and careering after us as


if they were wishing they might get the little phan tom which up to everything takes to her heels at once and goes foaming over the deep under doublereefed topsails as if exulting in the excitement of running through the thick of it this burst however soon blows itself out and in about an hour it sinks into a gentle and fair breeze with which resuming all sail we quietly glide into basss straits


in the morning all is a dead calm


doubts begin to be entertained by some whether we shall ever get to sydney with such adverse weather


we can scarcely fish with any spirit nor are we moved much even by the sight of a large shark which appears just under the quarter of the vessel in an attitude of contem


plation as if meditating upon the flavour of the crown land commissionerby far the juiciest j man among uswho unconscious that he has excited the sharks regards is hanging listlessly over the side of the vessel


but at this point when our hopes are at the lowest our bad luck ends


a catspaw comes gently crumpling the j surface of the sea


it grows to a little breeze away we go again another large barque is


in sight she is hoveto and we see her broad side on evidently waiting for us


she lowers a boat as we near her


her mate comes on board with his captains compliments and wishes to know how our barometer is for his is very low and he and his vessel appeared to be seized with a kind of shivering fit at being among the islands of basss straits with the prospect of j thick and dirty weather coming on


our friend is the euphrates from london and wishes to know whether we intend to run


our cap tain says certainly and invites the euphrates to run with himas he our captain is well acquainted with the part and expects to get quite free of the islands before sundown


all our captain asks in return is that the mate of the euphrates will when she gets to sydney report the phantom as seen in basss straits which the mate of the euphrates with the utmost good faith promises to do


of course we are all diverted at the mates delusion in fancying that he is is to get to sydney first and in order to show that we have been only quizzinff we first escort the euphrates fairly past the islands and then we take to our heels again and run out of sight of her before dark and never stop until we get to sydney


we made the heads at night


the weather was thiek and rainy and great was the excite ment as aloft and below eyes were distributed about the vessel looking out for the friendly lightthat light at the first sight of which so many a sea and storm wearied heart has leaped with an almost childish joy


first the mate who is aloft sees and proclaims a light ho


and to the quick and nervous question of the captain whereaway answers on the lar board bow


presently several others see it and i work my eyes so desperately hard to see it too and that so successfully that at length i see seven or eight lights at least this parti cular light however proves to be a deceiver for in a few minutes we find from the altera tion of its bearing that it ls plainly moving and at last some one exclaims why its the shamrockand sure enough it is the shamrock looking as she passes away in the darkness and mist like the ghost of a steamer rather than a steamer itself


soon however the real revolver casts its bright beam across our view and slowly andwith the faint est breath of wind we glide towards the har hour


such was the natural excitement of making land at night that only two passengers j went to bed and i was not one of them


wc j pass between the heads and astern of the j sir george seymour lying with all her contents apparently fast asleep near the sow and pigs


in another half hour we drop our j anchor as we bear up at the battery point and our voyage is at an end


can it be possible that night is at an end too and we have never been to bed


truly it is sp as iago says pleasure and action maka the boara teem abort day begins to dawn and in this first fresh sober light of mora with no eving thing on i the move bul ourselves the harbour looks uke


v j


some brauiifulltajiaja picture


webavestolea in like a phantom and people iirfll go down in the morning and fiudthe little clipper lordcg as composed as if she had been lying the battery point for a week


and now ail our thoughts are at home


we have been absent from sydney a month and two days


in that time what may not have oe curred


some of the dear young bright eyes j we left behind ns may whilst we were way have become quenched for ever


we almost run from the circular wharf through the silent and deserted streets as these fearful thoughts grow upon us


nobody is yet up in our street and i reach my own house but can make no thing of the outside of it


i cannot discover from the expression of the street door whether mutes have been lately standing there or whe ther funerals have been lately performed about the premises so that i am obliged at last to muster up courage and ring the bell the imaginary character of such apprehen sions the levity of these papers will sufficiently show


so as i have reached home at last of which fact some others are probably as glad as i am i shall at once make my bow to my ex cellent and goodnatured readers as i write my last words vos vlete et plaudite


the streets of sydney with some account of the houses thereof and the people who dwell therein


by hooke


y walker a very extensive traveller


chapter xi


i make many other observations about pitt street for the most part touching upon nightly doings there


wornings dramatic tavern is similar in one respect to the actors i described in my last lucu bration it certainly shows more spirit by night than by day


when phbus sinks to restthat is to woo some other land with his smiles yet how that glorious fixture can be made to travel post haste has always been a puzzle to me when stars peep out with a merry winking and twinkling and gas lights glare in determined opposition then wornings dons the spangled dress and changes its character at the touch of harlequins bat


the grub is transformed into a butterfly


calls balls and bustle is the order of the night and specimens of divers nations flock to it


at seven oclock the venders of nuts oranges apples and pears draw up with their fruitladen barrows and like the prentices of old london assail the passers by with highlycoloured eulo gies on the offered wares


heres oranges two a pennyreal kissingpointersskins as thin as wafers and insides richer nor a pumgren nit try six pennorth mem theyll suit your young uns all to nothing and keep em from cryin at the tragedy in the theater twelve for sixpence mem no abatement and give you the paper in one can afford to be libral in these times


thank you mem let me lap em up carefully in your white hanketcher paper is so likely to bust


heres the real barslony nuts shouts an opposition dealer a reglar crack article sound as a roach and sweet as native honey


let me crack one on trial for you sir youve got a capital set of teeth as dont want spoilin


crack his nut sir suggests a chari tible small boy who is at war with the fruit merchant on account of a stoppage of credit his barslonys is all does them as ant mag goty is like snuff mixed up with cobwebs


wont i pay you out cries the vexed dealer


when you catch me and that will be when seventeen sundays come in a week daddy long legs


meanwhile this conversation continues multi farious members of the tribes of israel congre gate and pay due attention to the sayings and doings around putting on the coals and fanning the flame when it seems to dwindle down for want of excitement


they likewise find time to discuss the mercantile transactions of the day and lay themselves out for the speculations of the morrow and of a truth they are keen in such matters as all the world knows


now then actors and actresses hurry by and dive down the long passage leading to the stage door whilst money takers and check takers lounge about waiting for the high official who delivers to them the badges of their various offices boxes cunningly devised into which that which is deposited through the slit comes not out again till the master key is applied by the trea surer


then ensues a slight conversation be tween sparksbill the pugilist and the patrons of sporting who seek for the latest information on some approaching fistic tournament


and per


haps it runs somewhat after this fashion have you seen the young one today


of course you dont suppose i neglect my duty to him


walked twelve mile this morning afore breakfast run two carriage wheels up a long hill did the dumb bells till a common mans heart would have been broken run a mile in less than but i shant tell you what time and left him as fine as a star and ready to take long odds as hell win the fight without a scratch ed face


a battle is never won till its lost suggests some sagacious bystander


i spose it doesnt want a chap to go to school all his natural life to learn that edges in a tall lathy slip of a native youth


that depends upon circumstances theres a deal of difference between ringtaw and ring paw and the oldest ring goer finds hes always got something to learn my blooming pippin clever as you think yourself rejoins sagacity


at this smart tap at his knowledge box the youthful australian waxes wroth and mutters something between his teeth which evidently implies a wish to obtain satisfaction for the in sinuation thrown out against his scientific judg ment but he looks at the rough knowing custo mer before him and reason conquers passion


however he lets off the steam by lowering the hat of a juvenile over his countenance to the great damage of his nose and chin and escapes into the street to join a coterie of playful gentle men who collect to indulge themselves at other peoples expense


neither the conduct nor ver biage of these handicraft knights is of drawing room order as their constant street broils and visits to the courts of magistracy can fully attest


and now the first act is over and wornings is filled to repletion


fifty voices bawl together in different airs set to different words which produce a babel of sound past all powers of description


trebles basses tenors and barrow tones keep at it with dreadful and most provok ing din


two nobblers of brandy coldthree gins and water hotfour halfandhalfsstone for threeone glass of conolial ale quick as if celerity could be obtained for such an order at such a timebottle of sherrytwo port wine negussesc


c ad infinitum


whilst worning and his numerous assistants in cluding the lively chinamen cut hither and thither twist turn look straight and on all sides as it were to supply the demands and to see that no one pays twice or walks off without dispensing the necessary coinage


above the noise and bustle snatches of dramatic criticism escape from the lips of connoisseurs


how do you like uncle toms cabin


a black job rather


what will mrs stowe say to the chapter


stow that she never lived in the same street with him


present him with a hymn book perhaps


last edition of the nigger melo dies most likely


have you heard herr one singer on the violin


not yet got one singer from a ladys hand coming out last night for which i shall pay her some day


and so this bald disjointed chat continues till the elevation of the drop summons the critics away to obtain more thespian food


similar scenes are presented at wornings till the midnight hour when the spirited proprietor shows his customers the door and takes his ease at an inn after his herculean labours


i must not omit to mention the concert rooms of pittstreet where the unpolished ones drink in sweet sounds and revel in deep discussions of potent fluids


no better school can be found to study human nature in the rough than these halls of music afford


delicate nerves are unfitted for the task they would be as miserably mis placed as animals of the feline race without claws are said to be in the lower regions


the visitors stand upon little ceremony with each other and ones pursuit after knowledge of cha racter not infrequently obtained at the loss of a coat tail an ablution of grog or even a dam aged visual organ


these effects are produced quite accidentally of course but if designedly a sense prefers putting up with them quietly to entering into a discussion touching the merits of the case


the female frequenters being of the lowest orders of society generally are the highest in voice and their constant broils disturb the harmony of the evening which harmony by the way is supposed to pro ceed from a jangling piano a screeching violin and the stentorian powers of two or three male vocalists which are terrifically grandastonish ingly ear splitting


the storm as rendered by one of these gentlemen is also frightfully real and the bay of biscays mountain waves threaten each moment to engulph the listeners


there is a legend extant that a cer tain party engaged to do the nerveshaking business at the black boy publichouse sang so powerfully that his voice served for three concert rooms at the same moment and that he received three salaries in consequence


as two of the localities were a mile distant from the point of song some sceptical individuals have taken upon themselves to question the veracity of this story


it may be a munchausen but i never heard a volume of sound issue from any biped mouth at all comparable with that which comes from the sydney taproom concert performers


however it satisfied the taste of the audiences and as they are satisfied it would be out of place for me to complain


i therefore leave them with a hope that providence may long preserve their lungs for the especial benefit of harmonic society


to be continued


clippings fnom


the magazines


an autobiographical jailsebmon


off a pith tbe second


concluded fom our last


for this eervico mguiro the younger tlmnka to a imppy etroko of art ou tho part of his brother received nothing


when etyf ilia autuliiograplicr wo fiiregatliorej with hartley ho uliiuvcd ub the dunibio slutted with cambric paper anil he quizzed his brother for haing given u to much trouble lulc iu wlifj uaraey and i got tiy oumlvea lie tiiovri


d mo the blunt wiicli consisted of a hundred pounds ia ten pnuud noton anil hundred and ono pounds in twenty shilling notes


i never wts happier iii my lifo than niien i fingered til this mnney


iu carlulo tho traveller put up at the best inn and contented iheniselros for a time with morning rides cm evening


at lie gam bling liuus darney was an excellent card player aud to him david llaggait waa indebted for the great proficiency ho afterwards ariivel at io the uo of card dice billiards and legerdemain tiiclie a robbery at oavlislo caused the lodgings of those gentlemen to bo enteicd by the polio and t links tu


o romoved


this obliged them to ordev suits of clothes


in two days they were made and nicely packed up at the tailors sltop


the gentlemen called tor thorn aud ran off with the parcel while the inabter of tho bhop retired to fetch his waistcoat patterns


thus provided with a change of clothea tho travellers icmuntd


tiioirjoutncy


at morpith fiir they found a great many prirs and par ticularly one school of six from york scot land nd ireland obiervd two york at work on a gentleman who had ecrotvea in his bonjy cloy that ie to say bank notes in liis wlcoat paokot


one of the york succeeded tn raising the deleaves to the mouth of the cloy when birney neatly interposed hts folks and and brought them with him


it waa thj duty of tha other yoikto have taken them when raised but banny was too quick for him


so neatly ws this done tliat ttia two enibs iw nothing of it


when david and his friends were at new castle they found it prudent tn go into respect able private lodgiugs where they were received into tho family of a worthy lady who had three daughteis very pleasant girls


thin family kept many clmstman with the intel ligent and liielv niontod gentlemen who wero travelling for pleasure and who while slaying at newcastle paid their rent so well mr john wilson mr james atklson and brother


indeed ssya our liero uatney and i wore groat dwells in newcastle with our whitecaped coats top hoou and whips


we ficquented the theatre and other plscen of public amusement to tlis former of thesa two of the miases


often accompanied us


but thoperaevering men did not neglect tlulr business


thus one evening front a box in the theatre llamey obsorved a fat pocket hook in i pit


ho told tho ladies thathe fell faint ami went out of tho box


as tho oudi on dtps


ted ho rejoined them and said un ping tho hand of david with tha pocket loot


feel much better now


on another even ing in a liux at live theatre a guld nlaiii ws talwii from the naek of a lady who sat iu tlm row bernro them


during the months rtsi dence at newcastle seventy pounds bern taftfin in tho business but that says david did not defray our expenses by rta pounds


in january eighteen hundred and eighteen tho ago or david haggnrt being eiuecu yonj and a half lie snd lirney had nriived ut dur ham io attend tho fair and in the ercninr tiok a long stroll ont of town on tho yoik road


on that tond und on that evening they dirtinguished llieninclvw byau achievement which our hero describes with simple dignity in a few words we camo ho eays to a liouro in lonely place and we immediately delcrmiued lo break it open


barney entered by a window and i followed him


vfa met with strong resistance from tho tnattur of the house but barney knocked him down and we lucceded io binding him hand and foo and gagged him witli a handkerchief


the justof tbe family seemed to be all women but they wore so terrified hat they did not interrupt out proceidings


we got about thirty pounds with which we returned to durham


oat friends were for this act audited on fus picion and dismissed arrested again tried convicted and cent back to prison there to await sentence of death at the eid of the assizes


now it was that our hero first developed that gvcat talent for piisonlireaking which hai added so much to tlio eiquiiite romance and stmtling interest of his career


lie contrived with barney and othm


to piorce through a wall seize a turnkey bind him gtg him tale possession of his keys open the doors and scale the wall


but suddenly cry wu railed and david was tho only prisoner who made good his escape


lie bciig frco went back with a yoikbhircnian to newcastle and remained there a day engaged in getting a spring saw for his friend uarooy


this being got he writes wo were returning to durham when wo wero pursued by two bulkies constables


they got cose upon us on a wild part of the road beforo wo wero observed


just as they wtre springing on me laid one ot them low witii my pistol whether have his murder to answer for i cannot tell but i fear my aim was ton truo and the pour fellow looked dead enough


the yorlcshirenian knocked doira the other


wo got safely lo durham and in the night timo i got over the backwall of the gaol by means of a ropeladder and succeeded in giving birney ths fiddlestick apring asw


be made his escape that same night by cutting the iron bars of hit ccllwiudow and came on with me to newcastle


a few dayr after wards waraey wb caught in the act of larceny by a atout farmer io scotland and got three months impiltonmedt in jedburgh gaol


david returned as mr john wilson to his private lodgings in newcastle earned hia head quietly with ilia fingers danced at the wedding of one of ihe young ladies and at last in the happy month of june took leave of mrs


and her woi thy daughters wilh sin cere regret and sorrow at catting on both sides


nevor will i forget tho kindness and even friendship of these good people to me


little did they know whom they were harlouring and introducing to the most of their acquaint ances and relations


cuafteb tk thiud


tiio hero tollies id tiusiness as a shoplifter in edinburgh


captures


esoapea


murder


flight


lleturnud to edinburgh llaggait put up at the house of a dealer in stolen poods and woik


d for about three months with william henry a well known nil during which time he wts engaged chiefly in that branch f his ait known to sonic as choplifting but known to him us working at u hoys and coreing


this business not pioving so lucra tive ae ihe purse and pocketbook line the new partnetc agreed to take a countiy stroll


aftor one or tiro advenliini illness obliged our hero to return to the capital where he met with a new friend in gooigo isagrie a williug but pour snib and returned to his fathers house giving no account of his time during hu ab sence but promising to live a quiet lite and work at his old business of raillwt igut


he vi vrclt received and threo days after liii ro turn biiip ie point of dipping out for a nights pleasure he became so terioutly ill tlut he kept his bed for a mouth afterwards


he deneiibcb in an edifying way how when tick unto death feelings of reiuonie operated greatly upon htu but he goes on to cay that when recovery set in even while in a feeble and weak state he attempted little enterprises of shop lifting


but ho lived at home kept such good hours and made his ataencesso shoit that liis parents thought ho could not ie doing anything that was wiong


a pltiy adventurer having implicated him in a mean theft ot a roll of tobacco which it whs beneath his dignity to think of committing david was caught and brought before the magistrate


a lost fikin of butter was then laid at his door


the proof wat in decmato


ho had effectually blinded his own family and he was released after tea day in calton hill gaol when his uncles became cautioners on his behalf


not many days afterwards two ladies mrs rein and kate cameron both completely flash ab well as game entered witli him into a con siderable enterprise of shop lifting upon adra par


tho ladies being taken bctiayed their compatiijn but ho made out so good a defence bef iro tho magistrate that ho wu only ordered to find bail


thie was about tho middle of january sghtcen hundred and nineteen when hsggsrt was between seventeen and cightean years of age


he remained quiet atliomo for a month allot wards when onu niglit going up cowgat met ho mvs georgo bagrio and another covu whom i did not know liagrie askeii me what i was doing


said nothing f upon which he replied it ia a pity suoti a good workman tiiouw be idle


they accordingly joined effoits at once on the same night oarning a watch and clibin


on tho next day they started or mueaelburgh and did an important atroke of business in the lifting of borne costly baler out of amorchdt tilors shop


david again had left his fathers house and oon afterwar


tor acts of violence was impritonoi for foor mouths ia bridewell


it seems to have been oou after this time that his mother died of a broken heart


when releated from bridewell whither h had boon carried hitting outright and left at the menials of justice ho lived quietly for five woek and ate hoaitily to recover the atrength


aken out of him by bread add water diet as soon as ho had got atouter and could etand a brush ho ont off to lctth with two ajsocf ates a inker and an umbrella maker who agreed with him that leilh was a pretty good place for a few adventures they took lodgingb in tho ivirksate and remained oight or tea days


from leith they went to vetth


with a perth man whom they left there ana at perth fair joined to their company and ablo pickpocket named doctor black


from perth they went lo abordeen accompaniod by a fifth cove


at abordcon racei david and the doctor kept together and collected not fewer than thirty pocket books butniitfo much aiwoola


sweeten a grawler ii the whole of them we planted thorn all in a cornstalk near the race ground


a day or two afterwards tho whole party was teized and darid and the doctor


pent two months together in tbo bridewell


torn released they travelled baclcto edin fcnhtobwng their way on


on christmas z da and obtained a watch the silver gnd a pair of boot


on new years klstt work in edinburgh wiib fresh associates and received as his share of


he produce of that mornings work five mmt watches and a gold one


e the new eighteen hundred and twenty legsn pros srausw on ihe eliteentli of january


ha sm arrested on suspicion of a robbery but her two days detention released upon hud ing mil


at the same time his two colli sions of new years day were m the locu house and david nful of lllb un dermined the gaolers watchfulness wiihdriuk took his keys from himand let out not oriyhtafrleddi but bibo four other prisoners


then be went over to loith and did good se by shop lifting and the dishing ol sthands through shop window panes as a pickpocket and by entering of a home or two


at leith he wa seized by the polieo and sler desperate fight with them for his liberty was earned to gaol streaming all over with blood


having obtained a file david con mjred after a detention of two weeks to break miwayoutof this prison together with an as jjociak


oneofreethey ran to dalkeilhwith ont stopping whew hey procured on tlio urns night in the way of business twelvo vanb of superfine blua cloth whiah they car hednto kelkf


arrived with all poasiblo eed at dumfrieb they attended tho market


edfouod money plentiful


david also ob tainida tolerable sum for property which ho removed one evening out of the houso of one mr christian graham


here too our hflrofoll fnscuo with his old friend barney mguire


tbw met only to part


barney wearing hib friends coat was arrested in mistake for david but being taken there was reason why liethonld be kept and transported to botany bay


david started for carlisle but was pur sued and caught by the dumfries police and biased back to the authorities in lei tli


thou hewas tried in edinburgh for one act of honso breaking eleven acts of theft and one act of nrisonbreiking


the jury brought him iu auilty of thelt only but there was informality and after lying untentenced in edinburgh gaol the prisoner was forwarded to dumfries there to oe tried for the famines he had been doing in those parts


on the way he was de tained two days in the gaol of peebles and saw


tray of escape from it but the shamefully rotten stale of the gaol blankets which would bear no weight dofeited hib intention


he wrapped a torn fragment of blanket round his body before leaving an he writes for future nia little dreaming of the awful purpose it was afterwards turned to


it was used in aid of the escape made boon afterwards from dumfries jail


with a large atone lung in it a doith blow was given to the turnkey of dumfries thomas morris


the plan of escape waa desperate and cop trieved not by one prisoner only but david haggart was tho only captive who on the alarm being given baffled his pursusrs at odo time in a ditch by cumlungan wood after he bad crossed an open field with con ctables in chase i could have breathed ho tire on jolin richardson ae lie pasted me


never did a fox double the hounds in better style


next day being concealed in a hay itack on the other side of the annan beard a woman ask a boy if that lad was taken that had broken out of dumfries jail


the boy answered no but the jailor died lift night at ten oclock


he knew then that when ho was tried next it would bo for muider


the woman and boy pawed on


the fugitive came out of the slack


hurrying away lie presently changed clothes with a ecarecrow in a field and marched on in the die of a potato bogie


ohiriee


the last


david baggart resumes buiineas iu england and scotland visits ireland


beizuro


trial


condemnation


execution


clerical admiration of his piety and phrenological enjoyment of his dumps


at carlisle onr hero found an old ac quaintance mrs stubs in riccargato who gave him the first food he had had since he left dumfries jail


travelling on then by dgbt in girls clothes he reached nowcastle and remained there for twolvo days diligent in nil profession u a thief


ops evening on bis way to the tboatro he brushed against john bichaidson who did not notice him


thereupon he determined to return to edin burgh and went by coach filching purses on bis war


at edinburgh ho went out only at night and in girls clothes i too night dressed in hti own clothes he ventured to loith and tneremetthe wellknown chief of the police their eyes met


david trust bis hand into bii breot pocket as if for a pistol and he donbuets carried one upon which the officer of justice fled and a minute after david fol lowed nl example


he then went on a scotch professional tour with a partner and rettiinod main to edinburgh where ho road a police mil offering a reward of sevonty pounds for


nuapprehensirn


this caused him again to navel


he went to perth whore thorewas during his etay an illumination far queen onlina acquittal at which he writes in iris own learned style under the eye of approving wstors i played a noble ulick having got four wedge scouts silver watches and a dross ip


and thfrteenecreaves in a which forlrt from a suck


i took four of tho scouts trom rtiopkocpers who were standing at their own doors


never was there buch a down in


voil hue and cry in a town


firm to his calling tho heroic youth did all this knowing well that arrest for the stealing even of


pin would involve trial for a muider


after a profitable tour among surrounding mrs haggart returned to perth by coach


unprog away at the journeys end without pjyujg any fare and soon afterwards vi with hiteomiadei for the time surprisod iu a private room at an inn by constables


ho aftnmed the air of a gentleman and the inn jteeper whom ho had taken care never to cheat mueved him to be one


quite willing to ac company the officers and explain any mis wentanding he stepped aside fur his groat eoat and slipping out at the backdoor made au haila to an obscure houso in the town wwon he did not leave till two day afterwards


wjen he had business ready for him at glammi r at that fair the profession wai over stocked no business was done but in tho


asfcmng david robbed and beat on the high vi farmer who had many banknotes in jmi one comrade david then doing mraess by the way proceeded to glasgow


pd embarked at the boomielaw for ireland


je passenger was the provost ol kirkuldy wior landed atlamlaah and befote landing praanlsed onr hero


he wrote letter next y to dumfries


it wa well for him


aya david i did not know his suspicions the hme for he went on shore in black night and i could too easily have put him tader the wave


at the fairs in ireland david for a time hapfy paddyland he instructs us tsutt land for pickpockets lots of money weani of drink and knocking down pellmoll ven on j then is the time to work away at the nralnen


england fs too much hunted and


wwte it no money m scotland


at drummore a man who had been fellow tnsoner with haggart at dumfries saw him


tog fttrwarde pulled for thieving mngkthlsownieleaseby toulnkthat he had if


hggrt the murterer at market by


help baggart wa taken and spite rsingeniom imitation of the irish broghe ssifiss ht ymen were ordered to jon oa oonttablei in altung up with him all night in the courtroom to prevent bis escape


yet he contrived to take a harlequins leap through a large window alight upon his legs unhurt by the broken glass and run vndor the shadow of adark entrance while tho bewilderod watchinon hunted out into the night


he then travelled to newry there resumed his business and afterwards reached dublin when he paid the money for a passtgu to america a new partner and a luokr stroke of business tempted him xa forfeit the uagemonoy and rouain in ireland a run of eucceni fol lowed aftor which lie was proceeding to belfast to take ship for franco when he lietrd of a air at cliugh six milaaon one bide of his rants which he resolved w atteud mid at which he resolved to exercise his calling for the last time upon british soil


there he was seized by a pigdrover for a theft which had been committed on the spot but could not be proved


the pigdrover dragged him before a justice at downpatrick where his personal lesemblancato au old irish offender secured bis condemnation


returned to jail he happened to pass within eight of the ma gistrate at drummore and was recognised as the man who had escaped from the court house


he was carried to kilmainham jail and detected in an attempt to break that prison


the account he gave of himself was unsatisfactory


john richardson was in ire land seeking haggart hewas summoned to kilmainliam and knew his man


hoavily fettered naggart was carried back to dum fries and arriving there at dark was met by a thousand of cuiious spectatois who came out with torohes to see the murderer


haggart went up the stairs on which martin had received his deathblow


he was twonty years old and already at the end of his career


soon afterwards condomned to death lie received this sentence with a careless air and ausworcd the judge with a flippant corn ment


but ho writes that while being sen tenced two thoughts were strong in him


a recollection that his mother was deid of a hioken heart and an impulse to leap over tbo dock upon the heads of the people and make one desperate offort more lor life


ho did not repent until repentance was tho last trick left to him to play


ue wrote verses in prison


had he not struck fov liberty and was it not as a martyr for liborty that ho was doomed to fall


here are some of his lines


my lift by perjury was sworn away ill say that to my dying day


oh treacherous smith you did mo betray for all i wanted was liberty


no malice in my heart is found to any man above the ground


now all good people that speik of me you may say i died for my liberty


great was the satisfaction of the chaplain over this young christian who listened to his prayers wept at his eloquence remained on iis knees as long as tho reverend gentleman pleased and orly asked in return that the clergy would make much of him


we are told that his conduct on the scaffold was in tlio highest degree becoming that the bene ficial influence of religion was apparent in his whole demeanour and that ho met bis fate with the same intiepidity which distinguished all the actions of his short but guilty and eventful life


in his laet days david was vrtited by a distinguished phrenologist who on going over his head found that he had a greater develop ment of the organs of benevolence and justice than had loen supposed


phrenology pro ceeded to depict this good youth as having been in his early boyhood obstinately brave but free from hatred or revenge selfwilled at homo in the resolve to take no course dictated to him against his own consent by other per sons sb a youth cunning and dexterous con ecioui of superiority to his aseosiates in intellectual power and discrimination


ue was a child who would grow with years finiior iu resolve having power to keep bis own counsel labouring in the eporting life for lovo of cleverness and love of liberty and caw not for tho love of money or the dcsiio of applause from associates


bo would probably bee that other men called honest lived practically as ho did he would never bo cruel or brutal he would never inflict serious suffering on any individual without bittorly regretting it


ue would not be tho slave to animal passions


his sense of justice waa not remarkably de fective his sentiment of benevolence was tax and so were his intellectual powers


so we are dutifully to believe that tho good and the wise honoured david in his vary interesting end


being neither good nor wise in sucli matters we believe about one third of what he relates in his exemplary work and make bold to consider him an unmitigated rascal


cluithl xv


kourska dirty rancour carriage repaired


the government high road to moscow pilgrims tripping great concourse of people the russian clergy


bishop ore churches in kusiiatoulacavalry horses


turkish prisoner content to remain in russia an english engineer armourers of toula


we reached koursk at a late hour of the night passing through dirty streets innocent of anything like order or pavement and put up at one of the filthiest of russian inns which are usually none of the cleanest


i recollect that on one occasion being disgusted with the wretched state in which we found one of these houses of accommodation we returned to our carriage to proceed to the next station much to the disappointment of the host who expected to make something by us and who followed us to deprecate our disgust saying that he had been only a twelvemonth in possession of the place and had not found time to make the servants clean it


here however there was no avoiding the fate of furnishing food to the crown of the place and we had to make the best we could of our situation by reposing on the sides of a room from which a smoking and drinking party had been elected to make way for us


we slept however in spite of all inconveniences and the lacerations of the minute population


on waking th june we were informed that the carriage needed repairing in consequence of the damage it had received from the rough road over which we had passed the previous night


it wasfortunatethatthis discovery was made at so convenient a place


by eight oclock all was ready for our departure and we proceeded leisurely through the town over the rough stony streets but feeling little confidence in the strength of our vehicle


kursk is a considerable place the streets are broad but the houses irregularly built and it did not present so modern an appearance as the other towns i had visited


on emerging from the city we passed through the gate outside of which are two columns erected in commemoration of some local event


here we entered upon the changes which is built in one continuous straight line all the way to moscow upwards of four hundred miles


it was marvellous to see from the top of a hill one uninterrupted line through the country as far as the eye could reach


my servant who was a maltese was particularly struck with this boundless extent comparing it with the views on his own little confined island upon which he could scarcely see a few miles ahead of him


he was sure he said his countrymen would not believe him if he described to them what he now saw


the road is macadamized and excellent in every respect


it has a ditch on each side its width however is hardly sufficient as three carriages could not freely pass at a time


this narrowness of a road in a country where the streets are so broad is remarkable but may be accounted for by the circumstance that in so great a length the width for two carriages to pass freely is strictly speaking sufficient and the expense of forming the road is thus diminished the materials having to be brought from some distance


on each side are placed large stones to keep the carriages in their pro per limits outside these stones there is a width of four feet on which foot passengers walk


it cannot however be styled a footpath because it is inconvenient for the pedestrian being traversed by small cuttings to let the water run off the road into the ditch


these cuttings occur at every two or three yards and are about a foot deep so that they compel the weary pilgrim to keep his eyes always on the ground for fear of putting his foot in one of them as he proceeds on his way which gives him a very pensive appearance


it was amusing to see as we passed a string of pilgrims turn round on our overtaking them their curiosity getting the better of their prudence and as they looked back one or other of them would be sure to stumble and become a stumblingblock to those following with their heads turned back so that we sometimes saw several sprawling on the ground together


although we had now only three horses we proceeded at a ratof ten or eleven miles an hour


the road was good and the men determined to show how fast they could go when we had to descend a hill the coachman would gallop the horses down it at a tremendous speed gaining an impetus that would carry us over any bridge that might be at the bottom and half way up the next acclivity


the hills are too steep and form one of the defects in this fine road consequent on its being perfectly straight to cut through the hills in order to form a level would have been both expensive and difficult and the road is not allowed to wind round them


the bridges are chiefly of wood and where they cross any considerable stream there are wooden buttresses to protect them from the force of the current on each side is a strong rail and on the sides of the road for some distance are placed posts a yard asunder to keep the carriages on such ungovernable occasions as those described above from falling off into the ditch


as already observed the traffic on the road increased as we approached moscow


on this day we met the diligence from the metropolis a huge lumbering vehicle with five horses and loaded with passengers


some conception may be formed of the demand for this mode of conveyance in russia when we state that at st petersburg on my requiring to take places for a journey to warsaw i was informed that every seat was engaged for the next eleven days


an english omnibus company would best meet the demand by starting vehicles to run every five minutes


we met many carriages of all kinds in one was a fat priest dressed in a violetcoloured gown buttoned up to the neck and extending down to the heels


he had a large broadbrimmed hat from which his hair hung down upon his shoulders his beard was long and venerable and he appeared quite at his ease in his carriage


from what i could learn during my residence in russia i do not imagine that the clergy have much influence


they are of course with some exceptions very ignorant and it appeared to me that they were more on sufferance for the position they hold as ministers of grace than as teachers of the people by whom they are treated kindly but that is all


the priests are divided into many classes and i observed that they were various colours such as black violet grey and dark blue


but i do not imagine that any distinctions were denoted by the colour of their gowns


they are all allowed to marry at least a married man may become a priest but once having taken orders he cannot take a wife also if he should lose his wife he must remain single


a bishop may have been a married man either before or whilst in orders but he cannot be raised to wear the mitre unless he is single at the time


most bishops however devote themselves to celibacy from the beginning of their career by which course they gain a reputation for sanctity and learning which may lead to their preferment


the country we were traversing was richly cultivated and dotted with farmhouses and villages form ing everywhere pleasing landscapes


the weather was charming but very warm


about six oclock in the evening we reached orel having travelled versts miles in ten hours


the high road runs through this town which appeared plea sort and clean


we merely staid to dine at the inn attached to the posthouse and then proceeded to the first station beyond orel to sleep


we were now getting nearer to the metropolis as was shown by the better appearance of the station which had been built under the direction of the government and was kept clean we slept as usual on sofas without undressing


we started the next day june at halfpast five but discovered before long that our carriage was giving way we had therefore to stop to have the necessary repairs made while we breakfasted


the villages seemed to increase in number as we proceeded northward


the churches had a very picturesque appearance and were in some villages very numerous


the country churches were built chiefly of wood and whitewashed


they were generally similar in construction consisting of one large cupola with four smaller ones in the shape of a cross and on the top of each cupola was fixed a cross of iron gilt and ornamented


in many instances the cross was made to stand on a crescent reversed upon the cupola emblematical of the ascendancy of the cross over the crescent


in the villages and country towns the cupola were painted green but in the cities they were often gilt which gives them a brilliant and striking appearance


not far from toula we overtook a large body of cavalry horses about five hundred all of one colour bay attended by men who were driving carts to each of which were attached i behind three horses and between each horse trailed a of young fir tree about fifteen feet long no doubt intended to prevent the horses from kicking at each i other


these beautiful creatures formed a great contrast with the clumsy animals which drew the waggons the latter were probably used to carry provender for the horses


at foula which we reached at oclock pm and where we merely remained to dine before proceeding on our way we were visited by four turkish officers who had been taken prisoners in one of the packet steamers on the black sea between trebizond and constantinople this was the place appointed for their residence


the report soon reached them that the first english prisoner of war had arrived and they naturally thought it their duty to call and pay their respects to their ally in misfortune


one of them spoke a kind of broken english which he may have picked up when acting as clerk to the embassy in england


they had been about three months in this place and evinced no desire to return to their country express ing themselves quite satisfied with the friendly treatment they experienced at the hands of their enemies


indeed i have since been assured that one of these men at st petersburg actually burst into tears when his release was announced to him


i also received a visit from an englishman who had been forty years a resident in russia and who held a situation here as superintendent of a manufactory of arms and general engineering work of which there were evidences in iron bridges e this gentleman kindly offered me letters of introduction with which i was already well provided


i believe he is a naturalized russian subject and heard that he had children in different departments of the russian service


there are many armourers in toula chiefly occupied in repairing arms they also assist in making new ones in the government manufactory i believe they do not sell any to the people


there were however arms for sale in the shops but i imagine that they are bought only by persons connected with the government who alone are permitted to bear arms


it is not likely that they would be purchased by other people who would be liable to have them taken away by the government which occasionally calls in the arms i was informed by a lady whom i met with that her estate had been rendered defenceless by this measure


the formation of brusa bird is a model ship constructed by the hand of god in which the conditions of swiftness manageability and lightness are absolutely and necessarily the same as in vessels built by the hand of man


there are not in the world two things which resemble each other more strongly both mechanically and physically speaking than the carcase and framework of a bird and a ship


the breast bone so exactly resembles a keel that the english language has retained the name


the wings are the oars the tail the rudder


the original observer huber the genoese who has carefully noticed the flight of birds of prey has even made use of the metaphor thus suggested to establish a characteristic distinction


between rowers and sailers


the rowers are the falcons who have the first or second wing feather the longest and who are able by means of this powerful car to dart right into the winds eye


the mere sailers are the eagles the vultures and the buzzards whose more rounded wings resemble soils


the rowing bird is to the sailing bird what the steamer that laughs at adverse winds is to the schooner which cannot advance against them


the bones of high flyers as well as their feathers are tubes filled with air communicating with a pulmonary reservoir of prodigious capacity


this reservoir is also closely connected with the air cells which lie between the interior muscles and which are so many swimming bladders by aid of which the bird is able to inflate its volume and diminish its specific gravity in proportion


in birds that are laden with a heavy burthen of head nature has interposed so decided a gap between skin and flesh that there results an almost complete detach ment of the skin


consequently they can be stripped of their coating just as easily as a rabbit can


in man and other matters the bro d in the act of breathing advances ready to meet the air in birds air enters to find the blood and comes in contact with it everywhere


hence an ubiquity of respiration and a rapidity of haematuria which explains the desirability of the wings of birds


the muscles do not get fatigued because they receive new vigour every second from the influence of the everrevivified blood


a fox or a hare drops at last when hunted because its lungs rather than its legs are tired


between the different members of a birds body there exists a sort of equilibrium and balance which prevents any one organ from obtaining undue development without another losing in the same proportion


thus exaggerated length of wing generally coincides with very small feet and legs


examples the frigate bird the swift and the humming bird


feathered feet and legs are mostly short as in pigeons bantams ptarmigan and grouse


nature always contrives to economise out of one part of a birds body the material which she has too lavishly expended upon another


good walkers are bad flyers and good flyers are bad walkers


firstrate runners and divers are deprived of the power of rising in the air


halfblind individuals like owls are astonishingly quick of hearing


crea tures clad in plain costume are recompensed by the powers of song


the lark and the red breast victim species both being greedily eaten in france have the gift of poesy bestowed upon them to console them for their future sorrows


the most exquisite sense a bird possesses is sight


the acuteness and sensibility of the retina are in direct proportion to the rapidity of wing


the swift according to bclons calculation can see a great distinctly at the distance of more than five hundred yards


the kite hovering in the air at a height beyond our feeble vision perceives with ease the small dead minnow floating on the surface of the lake and is cognisant of the imprudence of the poor little field mouse as it timidly ventures out of its hole


all god has done and made he has thoroughly well done and made


if he had not exactly proportioned the visual powers of the bird of prey or the swallow to its dashing flight the mere extreme velocity of the bird would have only served to break its neck


partridges constantly kill themselves against the iron wires of electric telegraphs and nothing is more common than to find thrushes and larks with dislocated vertebra when they fall into the large vertical which is used in france by twilight sportsmen


provide homes for the birds


every morning since early spring a golden robin has sung his cheerful song executing his charming trills and shakes and warbles ever so many times and repeating the first passages with variations from his chosen position in the willow opposite my window


the hour at which this musical entertainment is given is so early that the audiences are comparatively small and not one in a hundred of the passers by ever stops to listen to his notes though many of the same persons would willingly pay five dollars to hear an imitation of the song executed by an artiste with flowers in her hair and decorated with jewels


now and then a labourer on his way to his days work pauses a moment and apparently cheered by the sweet music hurries on whistling a favourite air


sometimes a boy who is intent on making this life a constant warfare turns aside to look for a stone


but very few seem to hear the warbler at all and were he to abandon his old home in the willow his absence would scarce be noted


still the birds like the flowers and everything beautiful in nature have a mission here


they are a part of the poetry of the world and aside from the essential acts of kindness they perform they were designed to aid in cultivating our tastes and forming our characters


it were well worth the while to plant trees and shrubbery about our dwellings if only to provide a shelter and a home for the birds


there are birds that live in our orchards and gardens and increase in proportion as the land is devoted to tillage but there are others thatfrequentonly the woods and have no sympathy with the lonely farmhouse or the village destitute of trees


of this class are the wood sparrow the thrush and many other singing birds


in the april number of harveys magazine of horticulture is an article on the means of multiplying the smaller birds among our dwellings by wilson flags of beverley mass who has contributed several interesting and valuable papers to that work on subjects of rural improvement


he speaks of two methods of preserving the birds the first consists in omitting to destroy them the second in permitting the growth of certain trees shrubs and other plants on which they depend for shelter and subsistence


he says every bird is more or less attached to a particular character of grounds or shrubbery and if we destroy this character we drive this particular species from our neighbourhood to seek in other places its natural habitation


the effect of extreme care in securing a smooth lawn and cutting away all underbrush has been to exterminate the less familiar birds spoken of above


our author says the song sparrow will build its nest not a rod from our dwellings if the right conditions are there


the nest is usually built on the side of the mound where the grasses and mosses are overrun with blackberry vines and wild rose bushes


for the purpose of picturesque effect and affording desirable residences for the birds a fence made of rough small poles passed through upright posts is recommended in preference to hedgerows


the growth of miscellaneous shrubbery near this rustic fence should be encouraged and here songsters will make their homes


it is this spontaneous growth of shrubbery and other wild plants that constitutes one of the charms of the old new england stone wall


we seldom see one that is not covered on each side more or less with roses brambles spine viburnums and other native vines and shrubs so that in some of our open fields the stone walls with their accompani ments are the most attractive objects in the landscape


along the base of these walls where the plough does not reach nature calls out the true leaved anemone the violet the crankshaft the believeth the delicate pink convolvulus and many other native flowers of exceeding beauty while the rest of the field is devoted to tillage


in the early times it was customary to erect bird houses in the garden for the accommodation of swallows wrens bluebirds and martens but comparatively few have been constructed of late years these little houses may be made cheaply and very ornamental


for some reasons we always form a favourable opinion of the resident of a dwelling where a birdhouse is seen near it and we remember those beautiful lines he prayeth best who loveth best all things b h great and small for the great god who loveth us he made and liveth all


in concluding his article mr flagg uses the following language if we observe all these requirements providing retreats and building houses when employed in filling a farm or laying out a countryseat we do but avoid the destruction of those beautiful relations which nature has established throughout the earth


the plough and the scythe may do their work for man without interfering with the wants of those creatures whom nature has appointed as the deliverer of his toil


every estate might be made to represent the whole country in its tilled fields and cultivated lawn with the proper admixture of forest thicket and primitive herbage


then while sitting at our windows the eye would be delighted by the sight of little coppices of wild shrubbery with their undergrowth of mosses ferns and christmas evergreens rising in the midst of the smooth lawn and in charming opposition to the flowerbeds that are distributed in other parts of the ground


in the miniature wilds the small birds would find a shelter suited to all their wants and instincts and in return for our hospitality would act as the sentinels of our orchards and gardens and the musicians to attend us in our daily labour and recreations


american home journal


russian gunnery russian gunnery was singularly illustrated on the th


an austrian barque laden with hay for british use when close off sebastopol was becalmed and drifted within range and went ashore within yards of the forts the crew escaping from her


every gun was brought to bear upon the barque for an hour and a half but she was only hit in four places


to the astonishment of the russians the beagle ran in covered by the firebrand took the barque in tow and carried her safely out


two russian frigates made a show of coming out but declined to fight the firebrand although she only carried six guns


the guns of the beagle had been landed for the siege


the firebrand was only hit four times and the beagle not at all though it is estimated that the russians fired or shots spec tator october


the last days of st arnaud


a letter from para in the pays


says i mentioned in my last letter that marshal st arnaud was exceedingly un well and that there was little hope of saving him


on the th in the evening the berthollet arrived here bringing his dead body


the day after the battle of the alma where every one admits the marshal was worthy of all admiration for he remained twelve hours on horseback displaying a superhuman energy and activity he was mortally attacked


he embarked on board the berthollet on the th


he had there a moment of improvement but it was only a last rally before death as in three hours after he expired in the midst of the officers who accompanied him


it has been ascertained that he died of cholera and of aneurism of the heart


he was placed in the chapel of the embassy of france


the next day madame de st arnaud went to see the remains for the lost time and as the blood flowed from the nose of the deceased she cried he is not dead for he still bleed


and she fell in a fainting fit into the arms of a colonel who accompanied her


some of the sailors of the belle poole who had kept watch all night told me that in seeing so deep an affliction they had wept like children


afterdinner enjoyment or a roman emperor


caligula must have been a most unpleasant person to dine with


he entertained himself and his guests with the sight of men tortured on the rack and he got up private executions on these occasions to enliven the scene


we read of her majestys concerts and how mrs anderson presided at the piano


but the romans only heard of their emperors killing fun to frighten his guests with and how his divinitys private headsman niger barbatus performed as usual with his wellknown dexterity


his frolics were of a really frightful character


it was after a banquet when the capital jest of slaying had failed to make him as merry as usual that he rushed to the sacrificial altar attired in the dress of a victimkiller that is with a linen apron for his sole costume


he seized the mallet as though he were about to slay the appointed victim but he turned suddenly round on the resident official and butchered him instead


and thereat all who had witnessed the frolicsome deed of ther master declared fore jove twas a more capital joke than the last his answer to the consuls who ventured to ask the cause of a sudden burst of laughter in which he indulged at a crowded feast is well known


i laugh to think said the amiable creature that with one wave of my hand i can sweep all your stupid heads off


his method of loving was equally characteristic


he would fling his terrible arm round the fair neck he professed to admire and express his delight that he could cut it off when he pleased there was the brilliant cesonia i cannot tell said her im perial lover at a feast why it is that that i am so fond of that girl


ill have her put on the rack for a quarter of an hour that she may be compelled to tell me the reason


blue beard was the mildest of quaker gentlemen compared with this caligula


a lady might as well have been wooed by a boa con a stricter


the sabbath and the glasgow cab drivers


at a delegate meeting of the coach and cabdrivers of glasgow held on the th instant it was resolved that they request the proprietors to stop the sabbath driving within a month of this date and further that after that time the men will consider themselves bound to come to a speedy and determined decision in the matter


this is certainly pretty decisive language and calculated to bring a subject of considerable importance to a speedy crisis


there are thousands in i glasgow who look with horror on the running of railways and steamboats and yet feel not the slightest compunction to order a cab and to rattle away to church with the utmost placidity of countenance and conscience


if there be such a thing as running directly in the face of the commandments it must be a more strikingly apparent in the case of cabs than in those other cases that are referred to


if there be one portion of the animated creation more than another that should participate in the sabbath rest it is certainly the horse and especially the poor hack which is so serviceable to the community during the other six days of the week


the driver too who sits on his box or hangs about in readiness to accommodate passengers from morn till noon and from noon till midnight is as fit a subject for commiseration as any in her majestys dominions


we hope the good people of glasgow who are so earnest for putting down other species of sabbath traffic will come heart and hand to the assistance of the cabmen and if not through respect for the divine precept at least for the sake of humanity use only their own locomotive powers on all future sabbath days glasgow examiner


fish for the londoners


every night in the season the hardy fishermen of yarmouth catch tons yearly principally herrings which by means of the eastern counties railway ore next morning at billingsgate


the south western railway sends up annually with the same speed tons of mackerel and other fish the gatherings of the south coast


the north western collects over night the catch from ireland scotland and the northeast coast of england and adds to the thamesstreet mart tons principally of salmon whilst the great northern delivers to the early morning market or sometimes later in the day tons of like sea produce


the great western brings up the harvests of the cornish and devonshire coasts chiefly mackerel and pilchards to the amount of tons in the year and the brighton and south coast conveys the incredible number of bushels of oysters besides tons of other fish


nearly onehalf in fact of the fish supply of london instead of following as of old the tedious route of the coast is hurried in the dead of night across the length and breadth of the land to billingsgate and before the large consumers in tyburnia and belgravia have left their beds may be seen either lying on the marble slabs of the fishmongers or penetrating on the peripatetic barrow of the costermonger into the dismal lanes and alleys inhabited by london labour and the london poor


these prodigious gleanings from what goldsmith might well call the finny deep are conveyed from the termini in spring vans drawn by two and occasionally by four horses


salmon comes in boxes herrings in barrels and all other kinds of fish in baskets quarterly review


commercial morals


liverpool is at variance with our leviathan contemporary the times


state ments have been made in that journal respecting the estate of mr oliver who has suspended payment and whose friends have not succeeded in effecting an arrangement and a notice was posted upon the liverpool exchange to the effect that the statements in the times were incorrect and that their appearance was the cause of much unintentional harm


the errors however are not corrected and substantially the statements made in the ttws are the same as those in other journals


we are left to suppose therefore that the incorrectness was not essential and that it was not the error but the publicity which had caused harm


that has been inconvenient to somebody


such a notification as that pointed in liverpool raises an important question of commercial morals


it implies that there are merchants carrying on affairs of great magnitude to whom publicity is an offence for an inconvenience and it also implies that the commercial authorities at liverpool ure prepared to stake their corporate repute on the proposition that publicity ought not to be admitted in commerce


now we doubt whether they can sustain any such proposition or whether they would even attempt to do so were i put before them nakedly


there cannot of course be any intention on the part of the times to do harm


the pledges which the journal has given the interest that it has at stake are too great for such an abuse


the commercial writer can wish for no publicity that is not also for the interest of commerce


as soon as commerce is developed to a scale such as that which requires an exchange in liverpool or london its operations necessarily come under the eye of the public


even the interpersonal negotiations of great houses are almost as legitimately subjects of observa tion as international relations between states


as we endeavoured to show last week commerce must hence forward rely for its legitimate profits upon the correct knowledge of wants in different places and the supply of those wants


such a commerce does not need con cealment and does require publicity


the errors to which there is a continual tendency are corrected by the publicity


this is the very origin of exchanges


all such institutions have their conditions conditions implying a knowledge of the parties and of their proceedings


in corporation creates intercommunication and publicity follows it is indeed the object as well as the consequence of incorporation


a desire to inflict injury or pain even by criticism must present the anomaly of an injury without a motive


notwithstanding the rapid development of circumstances that are conspiring to render speculation an untenable ground in commerce it is not to be forgotten that the very rapidity of that development creates an embarrassment for commercial men


the sudden flash of intelligence to the most distant part of the commercial world which is a facility pull them up to a corresponding facility and lucidity of movement a change which is not easily arranged on the spur of sudden demand in a complicated system like ours


to accommodate themselves to it involves both novelty and difficulty insomuch that individuals who are embarrassed during the transition stage may fairly be exonerated from blame


but the very cases which are said to have suffered from publicity attest the advantage which must attend it