this lady is the hostess of this mansion sir


it belongs to her


nobody else has anything whatever to do with it


it is a large establishment as you see and requres a great number of attendants


she lives you observe in the very first style


she is kind enough to receive my visits and to permit my wife and family to reside here for which it is hardly necessary to say we are much indebted to her


she is exceedingly courteous you perceive on this hint she bowed condescendingly and will permit me to have the pleasure of introducing youa gentleman from england maam newly arrived from en gland after a very tempestuous passage


mr dickensthe lady of the house


we exchanged the most dignified salu tations with profound gravity and respect and so went on


the rest of the mad women seemed to understand the joke perfectly not only in this case but in all others except their own and to be highly amused by it


the nature of their several kinds of insanity was made known to me in the same way and left each of them in high good humour


not only is a tho rough confidence established by these menus between the physician and patient m respect of the nature and extent of their hallucinations but it is easy to understand that opportunities are afforded for seizing any moment of reason to startle them by placing then own delusion before them in its most incongruous and ridiculous light


every patient in this asylum sits down to dinner every day with a knife and fork and in the midst of them sits the gentle man whose manner of dealing with his charges i have just described


at every meal moral influence alone restrains the more violent among them from cutting the throats of the rest but the effect of that influence is reduced to an absolute cer tainty and is found even as a means of restraint to say nothing of it as a means of cure a hundred times more efficacious than all the straitwaistcoats fetters and handcuffs that ignorance prejudice and cruelty have manufactured since the creation of the world


in the labour department every patient is as freely trusted with the tools of his trade as if he were a sane man


in the garden and on the farm they work with spades rakes and hoes


for amusement they walk run fish paint read and ride out to take the air in carriages provided for the purpose


they have among them selves a sewing society to make clothes for the poor which holds meetings passes resolutions never comes to fisty cuffs or bowieknives as some assemblies have been known to do elsewhere and con ducts all its proceedings with the greatest decorum


the irritability which would otherwise be expended on then own flesh clothes and furniture is dissipated in these pursuits


they are cheerful tran quil and healthy


once a week they have a ball in which the doctor and his family with all the muses and attendants take an active part


dances and marches are performed alter nately to the enlivening strains of a piano and now and then some gentle man r lady whose proficiency has been previously ascertained obliges the com pany with a song nor does it ever dege nerate at a tender crisis into a screech r howl wherein i must confess i should have thought the danger lay at an early hour they all met together for these festive purposes at eight oclock refresh ments are served and at nine they sepa rate


immense politeness and goodbreeding are observed throughout


they all take their tone from the doctor and he moves a very chesterfield among the company


like other assemblies these entertainments afford a fruitful topic of conversation among the ladies for some days and the gentle men are so anxious to shine upon these occasions that they have been sometimes found practising their steps in private to cut a more distinguished figure in the dance it is obvious that one great feature of this system is the inculcation and encou ragement even among such unhappy per sons of a decent self respect


something of the same spirit pervades all the institu tions at south boston


there is the house of industry


in that branch of it which is devoted to the reception of old or otherwise helpless pau pers these words are painted on the walls worthy of notice


self government quietude and peace are blessings


it is not assumed and taken for granted that being there they must be evildisposed and wicked people before whose vicious eyes it is necessary to flourish threats and harsh restraints


they are met at the very threshold with this mild appeal


all within doors is very plain and simple as it ought to be but arranged with a view to peace and comfort


it costs no more than any other plan of arrangement but it bespeaks an amount of consideration for those who are reduced to seek a shelter there winch puts them at once upon their gratitude and good behaviour


instead of being parcelled out in great long ramb ling wards where a certain amount of weazen life may mope and pine and shiver all day long the building is di vided into separate rooms each with its share of light and air


in these the better kind of paupers live


they have a motive for exertion and becoming pride in the desire to make these little chambers comfortable and decent


i do not re member one


but it was clean and neat and had its plant or two upon the window sill or row of crockery upon the shelf or small display of coloured prints upon the white washed wall or perhaps its woolen clock behind the door


the orphans and young children are in an adjoining building separate from this but a part of the same institution


some are such little creatures that the stairs are of lilliputian measurement fitted to their tiny strides


the same consideration for their years and weakness is expressed in then very seats which are perfect curiosi ties and look like articles of furniture for a pauper dolls house


i can imagine the glee of our poor law commissioners at the notion of these seats having arms and backs but small spines being of older date than then occupation of the board room at somerset house i thought even this provision very merciful and kind


here again i was greatly pleased with the inscriptions on the wall which were scraps of plain morality easily remembered and understood such as love one anothergod remembers the smallest creature in his creation and straight forward advice of that nature


the books and tasks of these smallest of scholars were adapted in the same judicious man ner to their childish powers


when we had examined those lessons four morsels of girls of whom one was blind sang a little song about the merry month of may which i thought being extremely dismal would have suited an english no vember better


that done we went to see their sleeping rooms on the floor above in which the arrangements were no less ex cellent and gentle than those we had seen below


and after observing that the teachers were of a class and character well suited to the spirit of the place i took leave of the infants with a lighter heart than ever i have taken leave of pauper infants yet


connected with the house of industry there is also an hospital which was in the best order and had i am glad to say many beds unoccupied


it had one fault however which is common to all american interiors the presence of the eternal accursed suffocating redhot demon of a stove whose breath would blight the purest air under heaven


there are two establishments for boys in this same neighbourhood


one is called the boylston school and is an asylum for neglected and indigent boys who have committed no crime but who in the ordi nary course of things would very soon be purged of that distinction if they were not taken from the hungry streets and sent here


the other is a house of reforma tion for juvenile offenders


they are both under the same roof but the two classes of boys never come in contact


the boylston boys as may be readily supposed have very much the advantage of the others in point of personal appear ance


they were in their schoolroom when i came upon them and answered correctly without book such question as where was england how far was it what was its population its capital city its form of government and so forth


they sang a song too about a farmer sowing his seed with corresponding action at such parts as tis thus he sows


he turns him round


he claps his hands


which gave it greater interest for them and ac customed them to act together in an orderly manner


they appeared exceedingly well taught and not better taught than fed in a more chubby looking full waist coated set of boys i never saw


the juvenile offenders had not such pleasant faces by a great deal and in this establishment there were many boys of colour


i saw them first at their work basket making and the manufacture of palmleaf hats afterwards in their school where they sang a chorus in praise of liberty an odd and one would think rather aggravating theme for prisoners


these boys are divided into four classes each denoted by a numeral worn on a badge upon the arm


on the arrival of a new comer he is put into the fourth or lowest class and left by good behaviour to work his way up into the first


the de sign and object of this institution is to reclaim the youthful criminal by firm but kind and judicious treatment to make his prison a place of purification and im provement not of demoralization and corruption to impress upon him that there is but one path and that one sober industry which can ever lead him to happi ness to teach him how it may he trodden if his footsteps have never yet been led that way and to lure him back to it if they have strayed in a word to snatch him from destruction and restore him to society a penitent and useful member


the importance of such an establishment in every point of view and with reference to every consideration of humanity and social policy requires no comment


one other establishment closes the cata logue


it is the house of correction for the state in which silence is strictly main tained but where the prisoners have the comfort and mental relief of seeing each other and of working together


this is the improved system of prison discipline which we have imported into england and which has been in successful opera tion among us for some years past


america as a new and not over popu lated country has in all her prisons the one great advantage of being enabled to find useful and profitable work for the in mates whereas with us the prejudice against prison labour is naturally very strong and almost insurmountable when honest men who have not offended against the laws are frequently doomed to seek employment in vain


even in the united states the principal of bringing convict labour and free labour into a com petition which must obviously be to the disadvantage of the latter has already found many opponents whose number is not likely to diminish with access of years


for this very reason though our best prisons would seem at the first glance to be better conducted than those of ame rica


the treadmill is accompanied with little or no noise five hundred men may pick oakum in the same room without a sound and both kinds of labour admit of such keen and vigilant superintendence as will render even a word of personal com munication among the prisoners almost impossible


on the other hand the noise of the loom the forge the carpenters hammer or the stonemasons saw greatly favour these opportunities of intercourse hurried and brief no doubt but opportu nities stillwhich these several kinds of work by rendering it necessary for men to be employed very near to each other and often side by side without any barrier or partition between them in their very nature present


a visitor toorequires to reason and reflect a little before the sight of a number of men engaged in ordinary labour such as he is accus tomed to out of doors will impress him half as strongly as the contemplation of the same persons in the same place and garb would if they were occupied in some task marked and degraded every where as belonging only to felons in jails


in an american state prison or house of correction i found it difficult to persuade myself that i was really in a jail a place of ignominious punishment and endurance


and to this hour i very much question whether the humane boast that it is not like one has its root in the true wisdom and philosophy of the matter


i hope i may not be misunderstood on this subject for it is one in which i take a strong and deep interest


i incline as little to the sickly feeling which makes every canting lie or maudlin speech of a notorious criminal a subject of newspaper re port and general sympathy as i do to those good old customs of the good old times which made england even so recently as in the reign of the third king george in respect of her criminal code and her prison regulations one of the most bloody minded and barbarous countries on the earth


if i thought it would do any good to the rising generation i would cheer fully give my consent to the disinterment of the bones of any genteel highwayman the more genteel the more cheerfully and to their exposure piece meal on any sign post gate or gibbet that might be deemed a good elevation for the purpose


my reason is as well convinced that these gentry were utterly worthless and debauched villains as it is that the laws and jails hardened them in their evil courses or that their wonderful escapes were effected by the prisonturnkeys who in those ad mirable days had always been felons them selves and were to the last then bosom friends and potcompanions


at the same time i know as all men do or should that the subject of prison dis cipline is one of the highest importance to any community and that in her sweep ing reform and bright example to other countries on this head america has shown great wisdom great benevolence and ex alted policy


in contrasting her system with that which we have modelled upon it i merely seek to show that with all its drawbacks ours has some advantages of its own


the house of correction which has led to these remarks is not walled like other prisons but is palisaded round about with tall rough stakes something after the man ner of an enclosure for keeping elephants in as we see it represented in eastern prints and pictures


the prisoners wear a particoloured dress and those who are sentenced to hard labour work at nail making or stone cutting


when i was there the latter class of labourers were employed upon the stone for a new cus tomhouse in course of erection at boston


they appeared to shape it skillfully and with expedition though there were very few among them if any who had not ac quired the art within the prison gates


the women all in one large room were employed in making light clothing for new orleans and the southern states


they did their work in silence like the men and like them were overlooked by the person contracting for their labour or by some agent of his appointment


in addition to this they are every moment liable to be visited by the prison officers appointed for that purpose


the arrangements for cooking washing of clothes and so forth are much upon the plan of those i have seen at home


their mode of bestowing the prisoners at night winch is of general adoption differs from ours and is both simple and effective


in the centre of a lofty area lighted by windows in the four walls are five tiers of cells one above the other each tier having before it a light iron gallery attainable by stairs of the same construction and ma terial excepting the lower one which is on the ground


behind these back to back with them and facing the opposite wall are five corresponding rows of cells accessible by similar means so that sup posing the prisoners locked up in their cells an officer stationed on the ground with his back to the wall has half their number under his eye at once the re maining half being equally under the ob servation of another officer on the opposite side and all in one giant appartment


un less this watch be corrupted or sleeping on his post it is impossible for a man to escape for even in the event of his forcing the iron door of his cell without noise which is exceedingly improbable the moment he appears outside an steps into that one of the five galleries on which it is situated he must be plainly and fully visible to the officer below


each of these cells holds a small trucklebed in which one prisoner sleeps never more


it is small of course and the door being not solid but grated and without blind or curtain the prisoner within is at all times exposed to the observation and inspection of any guard who may pass along that tier at any hour or minute of the night


every day the prisoners receive their dinner singly through a trap in the kitchen wall and each man carries his to his sleeping cell to eat it where he is locked up alone for that purpose one hour


the whole of this arrangement struck me as being ad mirable and i hope that the next new prison we erect in england may be built on this plan


i was given to understand that in this prison no swords or fire arms or even cud gels are kept nor is it probable that so long as its present excellent management continues any weapon offensive or defen sive will ever be required within its bounds


such are the institutions at south boston


in all of them the unfortunate or degenerate citizens of the state are care fully instructed in their duties both to god and man are surrounded by all reasonable means of comfort and happiness that their condition will admit of are appealed to as members of the great human family however afflicted indigent or fallen are ruled by the strong heart and not by the strong though immeasurably weaker hand


i have described them at some length firstly because their worth de manded it and secondly because i mean to take them for a model and to content myself with saying of others we may come to whose design and purpose are the same that in this or that respect they practi cally fail or differ


i wish by his account of them imper fect in its execution but in its just inten tion honest i could hope to convey to my readers onehundredth part of the gratifi cation the sights i have described af forded me


to an englishman accustomed to the paraphernalia of westminster hall an american court of law is as odd a sight as i suppose an english court of law would be to an american


except in the supreme court at washington where the judges wear a plain black robe there is no such thing as a wig or gown connected with the administration of justice


the geutlemen of the bar being barristers and attorneys too for there is no division of those functions as in england are no more removed from their clients than at torneys in our court for the relief of in solvent debtors are from theirs


the jury are quite at home and make them selves as comfortable as circumstances will permit


the witness is so little elevated above or put aloof from the crowd in the court that a stranger entering during a pause in the proceedings would find it dif


ficult to pick him out from the rest


and if it chanced to be a criminal trial his eyes in nine cases out of ten would wan der to the dock in search of the prisoner in vain for that gentleman would most likely be lounging amongst the most dis tinguished ornaments of the legal profes sion whispering suggestions in his coun sels ear or making a toothpick out of an old quill with his penknife


i could not but notice these differences when i visited the courts at boston i was much surprised at first too to observe that the counsel who interrogated the witness under examination at the time did so sitting


but seeing that he was also occupied in writing down the an swers and remembering that he was alone and had no junior i quickly consoled myself with the reflection that law was not quite so expensive an article here as at home and that the absence of sundry formalities which we regard as indispen sable had doubtless a very favourable in fluence upon the bill of costs


in every court ample and commodious provision is made for the accommodation of the citizens


this is the case all through america


in every public institution the right of the people to attend and to have an interest in the proceedings is most fully and distinctly recognised


there are no grim doorkeepers to dole out there tardy civility by the sixpenny worth nor is there i sincerely believe any insolence of office of any kind


nothing national is exhibited for money and no public officer is a showman


we have begun of late years to imitate this good example


i hope we shall continue to do so and that in the fulness of time even deans and chapters may be converted


in the civil court an action was trying for damages sustained in some accident upon a railway


the witnesses had been examined and counsel was addressing the jury


the learned gentleman like a few of his english brethren was desperately longwinded and had a remarkable capacity of saying the same thing over and over again


his great theme was warren the engine driver whom he pressed into the service of every sentence he uttered


i listened to him for about a quarter of an hour and coming out of court at the expiration of that time with out the faintest ray of enlightenment as to the merits of the case felt as if i were at home again


in the prisoners cell waiting to be ex amined by the magistrates on a charge of theft was a boy


this lad instead of being committed to a common jail would be sent to the asylum at south boston and there taught a trade and in the course of time he would be bound apprentice to some respectable master


thus his de tection in this offence instead of being the prelude to a life of infamy and a miserable death would lead there was a reasonable hope to his being reclaimed from vice and becoming a worthy member of society


i am by no means a wholesale admirer of our legal solemnities many of which im press me as being exceedingly ludicrous


strange as it may seem too there is un doubtedly a degree of protection in the wig and gowna dismissal of individual responsibility in dressing for the part which encourages that insolent bearing and language and that gross perversion of the office of a pleader for the truth so frequent in our courts of law


still i can not help doubting whether america in her desire to shake off the absurdities and abuses of the old system may not have gone too far into the opposite extreme and whether it is not desirable especially in the small community of a city like this where each man knows the other to sur round the administration of justice with some artificial barriers against the hail fellow well met deportment of every day life


all the aid it can have in the very high character and ability of the bench not only here but elsewhere it has and well deserves to have but it may need something more not to impress the thoughtful and the wellinformed but the ignorant and heedless a class which in cludes some prisoners and many wit nesses


these institutions were established no doubt upon the principle that those who had so large a share in making the laws would certainly respect them


but experience has proved this hope to be fal lacious for no men know better than the judges of america that on the occasion of any great popular excitement the law is powerless and cannot for the time assert its own supremacy


the tone of society in boston is one of perfect politeness courtesy and good breeding


the ladies are unquestionably very beautifulin face but there i am compelled to stop


their education is much as with us neither better nor worse


i had heard some very marvellous stories in this respect but not believing them was not disappointed


blue ladies there are in boston but like philosophers of that colour and sex in most other latitudes they rather desire to be thought superior than to be so


evangelical ladies there are likewise whose attachment to the forms of religion and horror of theatrical entertainments are most exemplary


ladies who have a passion for attending lectures are to be found among all classes and all conditions


in the kind of provincial life which prevails in cities such as this the pulpit has great influence


the peculiar province of the pulpit in new england always excepting the unitarian ministry would appear to be the denouncement of all innocent and rational amusements


the church the chapel and the lectureroom are the only means of excitement excepted and to the church the chapel and the lectureroom the ladies resort in crowds


wherever religion is resorted to as a strong drink and as an escape from the dull monotonous round of home those of its ministers who pepper the highest will be the surest to please


they who strew the eternal path with the greatest amount of brimstone and who most ruthlessly tread down the flowers and leaves that grow by the wayside will be voted the most righteous and they who enlarge with the greatest pertinacity on the difficulty of getting into heaven will be considered by all true believers certain of going there though it would be hard to say by what pro cess of reasoning this conclusion is arrived at


it is so at home and it is so abroad


with regard to the other means of excitement the lecture it has at least the merit of being always new


one lecture treads so quickly on the heels of another that none are remembered and the course of this month may be safely repeated next with its charm of novelty unbroken and its in terest unabated


the fruits of the earth have their growth in corruption


out of the rottenness of these things there has sprung up in bos ton a sect of philosophers known as tran scendentalists


on inquiring what this appellation might be supposed to signify i was given to understand that whatever was unintelligible would be certainly tran scendental


not deriving much comfort from this elucidation i pursued the in quiry still further and found that the transcendentalists are followers of my friend mr carlyle or i should rather say of a follower of his mr ralph waldo emerson


this gentleman has written a volume of essays in which among much that is dreamy and fanciful if he will pardon me for saying so there is much more that is true and manly honest and bold


transcendentalism has its oc casional vagaries what school has not


but it has good healthful qualities in spite of them not least among the number a hearty disgust of cant and an aptitude to detect her in all the million varieties of her everlasting wardrobe


and therefore if i were a bostonian i think i would be a transcendentalist


the only preacher i heard in boston was mr taylor who addresses himself peculiarly to seamen and who was once a mariner himself


i found his chapel down among the shipping in one of the narrow old waterside streets with a gay blue flag waving freely from its roof


in the gallery opposite to the pulpit were a little choir of male and female singers a violoncello and a violin


the preacher already sat in the pulpit which was raised on pillars and ornamented behind with painted drapery of a lively and some what theatrical appearance


he looked a weatherbeaten hardfeatured man of about six or eight and fifty with deep lines graven as it were into his face dark hair and a stern keen eye


yet the general character of his countenance was pleasant and agreeable


the service commenced with a hymn to which succeeded an extemporary prayer


it had the fault of frequent repetition in cidental to all such prayers but it was plain and comprehensive in its doctrines and breathed a tone of general sympathy and charity which is not so commonly a characteristic of this form of address to the deity as it might be


that done he opened his discourse taking for his text a passage from the songs of solomon laid upon the desk before the commencement of the service by some unknown member of the congregation who is this coming up from the wilderness leaning on the arm of her beloved


he handled this text in all kinds of ways and twisted it into all manner of shapes but always ingeniously and with a rude eloquence welladapted to the com prehension of his hearers


indeed if i be not mistaken he studied their sympathies and understandings much more than the display of his own powers


his imagery was all drawn from the sea and from the incidents of a seamans life and was often remarkably good


he spoke to them of that glorious man lord nelson and of collingwood and drew nothing in as the saying is by the head and shoulders but brought it to bear upon his purpose naturally and with a sharp mind to its effect


sometimes when much excited with his subject he had an odd way compounded of john bunyan and balfour of burleyof taking his great quarto bible under his arm and pacing up and down the pulpit with it looking steadily down meantime into the midst of the congrega tion


thus when he applied his text to the first assemblage of his hearers and pictured the wonder of the church at their presumption in forming a congregation among themselves he slopped short with his bible under his arm in the manner i have described and pursued his discourse after this manner


who are thesewho are theywho are these fellows


where do they come from


where are they going to come from


whats the answer leaning out of the pulpit and pointing downward with his right hand from below


starting back again and looking at the sailors before him from below my brethren


from under the hatches of sin battened down above you by the evil one


thats were you came from


a walk up and down the pulpit and where are you goingstopping abruptly where are you going


aloftvery softly and pointing upward aloftlouder aloftlouder still thats where you are goingwith a fair windall taut and trim steering direct for heaven in its glory where there are no storms or foul weather and where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest


another walk thats where youre going to my friends thats it


thats the place


thats the port


thats the haven


its a blessed harbourstill water there in all changes of the winds and tides no driving ashore upon the rocks or slipping your cables and running out to sea there peacepeacepeace all peace


another walk and putting the bible under his left arm what


those fellows are coming from the wilder ness are they


yes


from the dreary blighted wilderness of iniquity whose only crop is death


but do they lean upon anythingdo they lean upon nothing these poor seamenthree raps upon the bible oh yes


they lean upon the arm of their belovedthree more raps upon the arm of their beloved three more and a walk pilot guiding star and compass all in one to all hands here it is three more here it is


they can do their seamans duty manfully and be easy in their minds in the utmost peril and danger with this two more they can come even if these poor fel lows can come from the wilderness lean ing upon the arm of their beloved and go upupup


raising his hand higher and higher at every repetition of the word so that he stood with it at last stretched above his head regarding them in a strange rapt manner and pressing the book triumphantly to his breast until he gradually subsided into some other portion of his discourse


i have cited this rather as an instance of the preachers eccentricities than his merits though taken in connection with his look and manner and the character of his audience even this was striking


it is possible however that my favourable impression of him may have been greatly influenced and strengthened firstly by his impression upon his hearers that the true observance of religion was not inconsistent with a cheerful deportment and an exact discharge of the duties of their station which indeed it scrupulously required of them and secondly by his cautioning them not to set up any monopoly in para dise and its mercies


i never heard these two points so wisely touched if indeed i have ever heard them touched at all by any preacher of that kind before


having passed the time i spent in bos ton in making myself acquainted with these things in settling the course i should take in my future travels and in mixing constantly with its society i am not aware that i have any occasion to prolong this chapter


such of its social customs as i have not mentioned however may be told in a very few words


the usual dinnerhour is two oclock


a dinner party takes place at five and at an evening party they seldom sup later than eleven so that it goes hard but one gets home even from a rout by midnight


i never could find out any difference between a party at boston and a party in london saving that at the former place all assem blies are held at more rational hours that the conversation may possibly be a little louder and more cheerful that a guest is usually expected to ascend to the very top of the house to take his cloak off that he is certain to see at every dinner an un usual amount of poultry on the table and at every supper at least two mighty bowls of hot stewed oysters in any one of which a halfgrown duke of clarence might be smothered easily


there are two theatres in boston of good size and construction but sadly in want of patronage


the few ladies who resort to them sit as of right in the front rows of the boxes


the bar is a large room with a stone floor and there people stand and smoke and lounge about all the evening drop ping in and out as the humour takes them


there too the stranger is initiated into the mysteries of ginsling cocktail sangaree mint julep sherrycobbler timber doodle and other rare drinks


the house is full of boarders both married and single many of whom sleep upon the pre mises and contract by the week for board and lodging the charge for which dimi nish as they go nearer the sky to roost


a public table is laid in a very handsome hall for breakfast and for dinner and for supper


the party sitting down together to these meals will vary in number from one to two hundred sometimes more


the event of such of these epochs in the day is proclaimed by an awful gong which shakes the very window frames as it re verberates through the house and horribly disturbs nervous foreigners


there is an ordinary for ladies and an ordinary for gentlemen


in our private room the cloth could not for any earthly consideration have been laid for dinner without a huge glass dish of cranberries in the middle of the table and breakfast would have been no breakfast un less the principle dish were a deformed beef steak with a great flat bone in the centre swimming in hot butter and sprinkled with the very blackest of all possible pepper


our bedroom was spacious and airy but like every bedroom on this side of the atlantic very bare of furniture having no curtains to the french bedstead or to the window


it had one unusual luxury how ever in the shape of a wardrobe of painted wood something smaller than an english watchbox or if this comparison should be insufficient to convey a just idea of its dimensions they may be estimated from the fact of my having lived for fourteen days and nights in the firm belief that it was a showerbath


chapter viii


to thoday of his death which did not happen fp some years after this awful


vision isaac peppercorn persisted in the bolief that his injured sister had ap peared to chide him for his nast imauities


and to warn him from future evil


bo this as it may the delusion worked its good effect for isano askod forgiveness of ms nephew supplied him


with plentiful means and at last bequeathed him the whole of bis fortune


to bo sure peppercorn owed a deop debt of gratitude to youiij hyacinth for without his interference the landlord had met with a most scurvy recoption from his vagabond tenants though we do not believe with the exact lute nd vbeilliy muzzloby that eccentric personage not being in his nature quite so sanguinary as no doliglitod to declare mmsolf


for the ghost we cannot conscientiously acquit flittcrtnouso of nil suspicion for it will bo remembered that he had his rodgio lantern in full operation and for the portrait of tho mother of hyacinth tho showman with a good taste for art had had it copied as one of the lrimo beauties of this exhibition though certainly not at tho festive time when ho attended the family of mr sheepskin


that learned gentleman did not without con


fiiilerablo difficulty persuade mr peppercorn that his jn nttontivo stewardship of the hyacinth estate procoeded irom the best motives i though there were lllnnturod people who protested that the atorney suffered them to roto ruin that they might drop bargain into his own lands


indeed vory often when peppercorn touched upon tlio subject though sheepskin used all his eloquence to provo tho purity of his motives tiip landlord would consent to bo only half convinced observing in con cluslnn


woll it niay bo as you say sheepskin i say it w be that no rents were evor paid and yot i dont now


im not quito easy in my mind about that guilders tho dutchman


the life of hugh oneill


by john mitchex esq continued from our last chapter


con the lame and his times a


wlicn con oneill sunamed baccaoii reigned in ulster the far greater portion of this inland omsd no allegiance and paid no obidionce to


the king or laws of england


more than two hundred years had gone by since the northern irish aided by edward bruce of scotland had destroyed every vestige of foreign dominion in ulster and the few anglonorman families that had got footingthere under de courey and de lacy were long since by intermarriage rossipred nnd fostering blended with the irish tribes used irish customs disdained to ride with mirrupp wore crohmral and cootos submitted to the brchon laws forgot vassalage and liegehomage and all feudal tenure whether by knigt service escuage or othernay forgot their lanjige and their very names


like the berminghams and de burgos of connaught who became mac feorais and mac williams eighter and oughter come writers will have it that the haughty mae mahons of monaghan with nil their fierce resistance to english laws and english sherifts were no more than so mriy norman fitaursostrue sons of boars and claiming that descent both in their original langok doui and their adopted irish


and the mac swjtocb from lough swilly sent yearly their tribute of cows to odonncll never demurring on the ground that they were a branch of the knightly de veres of oxford


so attractive and genial was that irish life of pastoral independence and strenuous iberty bo kindly the irish affections jbo honeysweet the celtic accents on the tongue of foternurscsand irish maidenswhich says edmund spenser are two most dangerous infections for the speachbeing irish the heart must nccdcs bee irish


laws indeed were from time to time cnacted by the small english colony of lcinster in their local parliament to forbid oil such friendly dealing with the irish enemv under penalties statutes which


sounded terrible in kilkenny and dublin but were of no force on the irish country where the degenerate english soon learned to forget the tongue in which those statutes were expressed and to despise the authority that had presumed to enact them


yet there was in the sixteenth century no irish nation


they had no national council as of old no supreme monarch or abd righ to concentrate the powers of the island for any common object


save the tie of a common language lie chieftain of clanconal had no more connexion with the lord of clan carrha than cither had with the english pale rhe anglonorman colony was regarded rather as one of the independent tribes of the island an inferior eptt often a tributary ept which had got settled there than what it really was a garrison holding for a foreign king the insidious enemy of them all and the irish in their frequent wars amongst themselves sometimes had the troops of the pale as well as the powerful scottish colony of antrim for auxiliaries on one side or the other


frequently the english carried the banners of the pale into some irish country with which they were then at war burning and plundering in their march until a force could be drawn together strong enough to drive them home and as often were the warcries of an oneill or an oconnor heard at die bopie and liffey to the very gates of dublin while the english were shut up everywhere in their castles and walled town until the back rent was levied and the storm had jifssed


but save in the four counties of the pale and a few moratime cities there was no attempt at the exercise of either legislative or executive authority on the part of the english government


the throne of england was filled bv king henry the eighth who styled himself king of england france and ireland of


france in virtue of the town of calais and of ireland because of those bands of his adventurous subjects who garrisoned the palo


but henry was not satisfied with temporal sovereignty like the roman emperors he determined to unite in his own person all authority of every kind and to be acknowledged pontifex maxnres


his parliament had without scruple bestowed on him the supreme headship of the church never doubting their power to give it for the legislature of england has always regulated its religion pronouncing this way or that upon true doctrine like an cocumenic council and deciding upon the successorship to the apostles with no more hesitation than on the rival claims to a disputed peerage


and having established his spiritual supre


jnacy in england and desiring to encroach further upon the jurisdiction of bis rival the pope king henry caused an act to be passed in his parliament of the pale duly enacting the supremacy of the english king over the church of ireland forasmuch say those legislators as ireland was depending and belonging justly and rightfully to the imperial crown of england


and so began the reformation in this island


here a difficulty arose or rather several difficulties for the claim of england to govern this country had always been held to rest upon that surprising grant of pope adrian iv which conferred ireland upon henry ii as a fief and to deny the papal authority was to destroy the only title which the crown of england had ever pretended over this island whereby hangs a controversy partly political partly theological which greatly agitated the pedants of both countries at that period but is interesting now neither to gods nor men


spensers view of the state of ireland t


but the irish annalists probably a better authority make both these families old irish


mac mahon is said to have been like the mac guires and ohanlons descended from colianachrich of the race of hcremon


sec connellans four masters note in p


for the mac swynes or mao sweenys said to be a branch of the north hy niall see the same book p yet thierry and other writers have adopted spensers statement about these two families norman con


conclusion t leland vol


p s


j state papers temp


hen yhi


cited in ocanqells mkuoib


vet cor the clear understanding of some terms which innat often occur inhe following story we may refer to the argument for english dominion used by one of its most learned advocates


whatsoever become says archbishop usher of the popes idle challenges the crown of england hath otherwise obtained on undoubted right unto the sovereignty of this country partly by conquest prosecuted at first upon occasion of asocial war partly bythe several submissions of the chieftains of the land mode oftcwrards


for whereas it is free for all men although they have been formerly quit from all subjection to renounce their own right yet now in these our days saith giraldus cambrensis in liis history of the conquest of ireland all the princes of ireland did voluntarily submit and bind themselves with firm bonds of faith and oath unto henry the second king of england


on which submissions we remark first that the same henry the second did with firm bonds of faith and oath submit and perform homage to louis the seventh of france and with head uncovered and belt ungirt with sword and purs removed he placed his hands kneeling between those of


his lord and promised to become ms man from thcnce forward and to servo liim with life and limb and worldly honour faithfully nnd ioyallvf that king edward the third in like humble guise did homage at the feet of another french sovereign jbut that those two english kings wero engaged in endless wars with those very suzerains and never incurred thereby the charge of perfidy or rebellion


and the second remark is that such submissions by an irish chieftain either in the twelfth or any other century were not only a mere form but had no force or significance even as a form because those chiefs were not themselves feudal lords they had neither fiefs nor vassals like the loaders of the ancient franks they were the elected captains of a tribe of freemen and could not by donning the coronet nnd robes of a foreign noble change their countrymen into the subjects of an alien prince nor involve them in thatgrcat feudal system which like every other form of national polity must grow with a peoples growth and weave itself in the loom of time out of the very elements of its being


but enough of this technical disquisition


as henry was not free in conscience to have nnd to hold under the pope any longer he caused his parliament of the pale in the year to declare him king of ireland in his own right the first english monarch who assumed that title and in the same year at his palace of greenwich was beheld anotable thingthe oneill of ulster submitting himself as liegeman to an english kingrenouncing the royal name of oneill in comparison of which ays camden the very title of caisar is contemptible in irelandtaking upon him the barbarian anglosaxon title of jaw or earl of tyrone and doing homage to henry as kingof ireland and head of the church who on his side adorned him with a golden chain saluted him beloved cousin and so returned him richly plated


and now we first hear of matthew oneill cons son or reputed son for in ireland he was believed to be the offspring of a smith of dundalk called by the irish fardoragh but passing at greenwich under the outlandish style of haron dungannon a title which he dearly rued


nor are the oneills alone in their strange honours


mac gilla phadruig becomes fitzpatrick and baron of upper ossory


the obrien of thomond forgetful of the glories of icincora lays down at henrys feet his dignity of chief dalcais and arises earl of thomond his son baron of inisiiyquin his nephew


baron of ibracken by letters patent with broad seal of england with official ceremonial of garterking and the test with remainders expectancies estates tail nnd other jargon of english law portentous in the ears of filea and brehon


rhe southern chiefs indeed had a more substantial reward for their complaisance than those empty dignities of earl and baron


the revenues of all the suppressed abbeys of thomond with patronage of church livings were annexed to their lordships and so was upheld the respectability of the peerage


for in those years there was a sweeping suppression in progress of all religious houses in that part of the island which was under the control of the new head of the church and many of the local princes who could well have defied his power were content to sacri fice the ancient monasteries endowed by their ancestors to the reforming rage of henry on condition of themselves receiving the spoil


the fair possessions of abbeys and priories were therefore left almost invariably in the hands of their neighbouring lords and seem to hare been the stipulated price of their servile allegiance so that even george browne the king s archbishop of dublin could not by most diligent suit obtain for his own share the single nunnery of grace dieu nor even a very poor house of friars callcd new abbey ahouse of the obstinates religion which lay very commodious for him bv ballymore


they were both destined for oilier claimants who had earned them worthily


in all ireland were at that time throe hundred and seventy of such establishments of various orders where the religious passed a life of devotional retirement feeding the poor entertaining strangers and tending the sick for no earthly reward but for love of blessed charity and the health of their founders souis


there was abundance of plunder in every province for those who would renounce their faith and betray tlicir countrv


but con oneill to his honour be it said understood not the power of his new suzerain whether regal or spiritual to extend so far nor is it


keligion of the ancient irish t for form of liegehomage see hallam mid ages vol p


t


no doubt it was as peers of france not as kings of england they did homage to tho french king but they made war upon him in both capacities ana with all the power of all their dominions inralor nnd continental


hallam explains the law of tho case and tliierry the hationale of it


the former says it was always neccssary for a vassal to renounce his homage before he made war on his lord


mid jes vol p note


and thierry informs u that obligations of this kind were very vague in their tenor and were mostly taken with a bad grace and in some sort as a mere matter of form


whitakers edition p ji camden eliz


campion historie of ireland p isi


easy to say now far ho was willing to admit such power


for this was the same chief who had formerly cursed his offspring if they should crer speak the saxon tongue sow corn or build houses in imitation ofthe english and who to demonstrate his views of henrys headship had on the first rumour of hefornation led his troops to the south burned atherdeo and navon to the ground and from the hill of taroh warned off the servile nobles of the pale and their reforming deputy far from the frontiers of ulster


while con


therefore held the chieftaincy of tyrowen and long after the monasteries of his country stood secure


though formally given and granted to king eenry along with the religious houses of other provinces by those who had no title cither to give or to grant yet the commissioners appointed to reduce them into charge did not proceed for excellent reasons to hold the usual inquest on their possessions to inventory their chattels and ornaments or expel their peaceful inhabitants and for seventy years after the suppression themonksof donegal kilmicrenan andllathmullan ofdorry dungivcn coleraine and dungannon under the shelter ing power of oneill and odonncll escaped says the abbe ilac geoghegan the sacrilegious fury of the horetics or as the same fact is stated by the presbyterian historian the abbeys though long since suppressed were not resumed into the hands of the king nor their useless inmates expelled until the reign of james the first


yet the northern irish liked not the new carl nor his honours however unencumbered by foreign laws and usages


the bards of ulster had no songs of praise for the obsequious liegemen of a foreign prince odonnell refused to send him his customary tribute for inisowen mac guirc of fermanagh thought scorn to be the uniianr of such an oneill as tlus and con baccagh soon found that he was no longer tile prince of the north and must speedily give place to worthier scions of that ancient stock who happily were not wanting


for unmindful of court intrigue and little versed in the lore of saxon heraldry there was growing up to manhood amongst the hills of ulster another son of con one of the proudest and fiercest oxeihs that had appeared there since he of the nino hostages and his name was shane


chasing the wolf and deer with his fosterbrethren in the forests of tyrowen and by the shores of the lake of fcval learning from the lips of bard and seanaghy the ancient glories and achiovc


ments of the hynial this shane had grown to believe with all his soul that the kinel eohain were the herorace most favoured by heaven that tyrowen was the eye of erin and the very pride of the earth and that of all noble and royal titles of honour and sovereignty by fir the most dread and illustrious was the oneill


and behold


just as the impetuous youth has reached manhood and feels within him the strength and fiery spirit to uphold the honour of his race that proud name is to be extinguished


the golden collar of an oneill the sacred chair of tulloghoge arc to be made of no account lost or forgotten in these unheardof peerages of the stranger


by the soul of con ore


bv the awful grave of caiue nial


this must not be


let his father plume himself in his foreign feathers let the bastard matthew maintain as best he may his estate tail and coronet of dungannon he shane


will be an oneill the oneill fortlioclansmen of tyrowen as men are wont to do soon found out the man who was fit to be their chief


it were long to tell how the younger brethren of shane stood by him for the honour of tyrowen how the bards espoused as ever the cause of nationhood and with harp and voice kindled the ancient spirit of erin how there was war in ulster till the baron of dungannon fell by treachery say english chroniclers how con the lame recognized his true son and repented him of his lise homaging and his foreign earldom and how at last the haughty shane sat upon the chair of stone was invested with the white wand of sovereignty and duly made the oneill and prince of tyrowen


baron matthew as we said fell whether by treachery or on battle field certain it is in the course of that war he lost both life and coroneta lusty horseman wellbeloved and a tried souldiourf


but no match for the ardent and resolute shane


for that genetion the blood of the dundalksmith was hot to prevail but in the halls of dungannon matthew left an infant son one aodh or hugh who goes a fostering among the english and is preserved by them from


shanej not without a politic design and disappears for a season


dr reid history of the lrebyterian church in ireland vol


p


t campion historie of ireland p


j moryson


to be continued in our next


hasty intermentthe french journals abound in instances of too hasty interment after apparent death


le rhone a provincial journal announces a case of hasty burial at cluney


a stonecutter bad been buried aliveand the sound of the earth as it fell on his coffin awoke him from his lethargic sleep


the impression produced by this event was so great as to overturn the reason of the sufferer who animsted hy a supernatural strength burst open the coffiulid and fled from the cemctry


ee was overtaken with great difficulty after hnving been pursued a considerable distance


the journal de bordeaux announces a si nilar occurrence n few days before the above


the wife of a rich farmer of lurac


after a short illness and apparent death had been buried with the accustomed formality


a feiv hours after the sexton passing through the graveyard imagined he heard groans comiug from under the earth


lie hastened to inform the curate who ordered the grave to be opened


the woman gave signs of life but did not recover her consciousness nnd offing to the brutality or the superstition of the neighbouring i h l


t i inhabitants who refused to have her admitted into their houses she perished before mcdual assistance could he sen


the mysteries of paris


continued


at the commencement of the year a man called pierre tournemine now con fined in the galleys at rochefort for the crime offorgery concluded a bargain with a woman called la chouette to take charge for ever of a little girl about five or six years of age for which she was to receive the sum of one thousand francs


the child remained for two years with this woman at the end of which wishing to escape the bad treatment with which she was overwhelmed the little girl disap peared la chouette had not seen or heard of her for many years when she met her about six weeks since in a tavern of the cit


the child now become a young girl bore the surname of goualeuse theabovementioned tiournemine whom the maitre decole had known at the gal leys had lately sent to brasritouge a de tailed letter concerning the child formerly confidedto la chouette


from this letter it appears that a madame seraphin housekeeper of a notary called jacques ferrand had in charged tournemine to find a woman who would consent to take charge ofa child of five or six years that some one wished to abandon


information has beeni obtained of ma dame seraphin and of the notary jacques ferrand


they are both alive


the notary lives in the rue du sentier he passes for being very austere and pious at least he attends church punctually he exercises in his practice an excessive regu


larity approaching to harshness his busi ness is excellent he lives with a parsimony approaching to avarice madame seraphin still continues his housekeeper


about eighteen months since a young man called prancois germain arrived at paris from nantes where he had been employed in the banking hoise of noel and co


it appears that the scoundrel to whom duresnel had confided his son in order to pervert him so that one day he might be employed in criminal affairs unfolded this horrible scheme to the young man in proposing to him to favor an at tempt at robbery and forgery in the bank ing house where he was employed


the young man refused this offer with indigna tion but not wishing to denounce the man who had brought him up he wrote an anonymous letter to his patron advising him of the plot and left nantes secretly to escape from the hands of those who had desired to make him their accomplice


these wretches learning his flight came to parishad an interview with brasrouge and then commenced a search no doubt with evil intentions since the young man knew their designs they at last discovered his retreat about six weeks since they ascertained that hlie lived in the rtue du temple


one night in entering his lodg ing he had a narrow escape from bein murdered


germain suspecting where this came from left the rue du temple and up to this time no information can be obtained as to the place of his abode


francois germain lived about three months in the house in the rue du temple a house otherwise extremely curious from the manners and strange occupations of most of its inhabitants


germain was very much liked there for his gay lively and obliging disposition although he appeared to live on a very narrow income he had shown great kindness to an indigent family who lived in the garret of this house


it is supposed that he was employed in some office or commercial house for lie went out in the morning and returned towards ten oclock in the evening the only pier


son that knows to a certainty where he dwells at present was a lodger in thel house a young girl a very pretty grisettej called rigolette


the room where germain lodged is vacennt since his departure and is now to be rented


rigolette said murphy rigolette


i know that name


show sir vwalter murphy answeted the baron laughing h ow most worthy and respectable father of a family you know a grisettel how


the name of rlgolette is not new to youi ah fy fy


pardieu i


my lord hasput me in the way to liave such strange acquaintances that you ought not to be so much sur prised baron but wait a moment


yes now i recollect perfectly my lord in re lating to me the histbry of la goualeuse could not prevent a laugh at this droll name rigolette as well as i can remem ber she was one of the prison friends of this poor fleur de marie


well at this time mlle rigolette can be of excessive utility


there would perhaps be some advan tage in hiring she vacant clhamber of the rue du temple


no instrudtihns have been given to push these investigations farther but we have every reason to be lieve not only will it be possible to find in this house some certain informatioi respect ing francois germain by meansof this mile


rigolette but that my lordd can wit ness manners customs occupations and above all misery of which he suspects not the existence


sthus you see my dear murai said m de grasn on finishing the reading of the report that it is at the notary jacques ferrands that we must seek for the trace of the parents of govaleuse and it is from mille


rigolette we must seektheabode of francois germain


it is already ia great deal it seems to me to know where to seek what one searches for


without doubt baron besides my lord will find i am sure an ample harvest in the house of which you speak


this is not all yet have you informed yourself concerning the imarquis dharvillei yes and as regards the question of money the fears of his highness have no foundation


the fortune of the marquis has never been more substantial nor more wisely administered


was itnotin during the sojourn of the old marquis diarvillowith the then reigning grand duke that the friendship of my lord and the young dharvillo com menced


yes they have preserved the most delightful recollections of these joyous scenes of their youth


this is not all


my lord has such pro found respect for the memory of the man who was so useful to his father that all who belong to the family of harville have a claim on his benevolence


thus not less on account of her misfortunes and her vir


tues than this relationship has madame georges been indebted to the kindness of his highness


madame georgesl wife of duresnell the galleyslave cried the baron


yes the mother of this francois ger main whom we seek for and whom i hop we shall find


s she a relation ofm dharville she was the cousin of hiis mother and her mnostintimate friend


thle old siarquis had for madame georges the greatest friendship


sbut how could the dlharville family allow her to mairry this monister my dear murphy sthe father of this unfortunate woman ni


delagny intendant of languddoc be fore the revolution possessed great wealth


lhe escaped the proscription


in the few days ofquietness which remained dfter this terrible epoch he looked about for a hus band for his daughter


duresnel presented himself he belonged to an excellent par liamentary family he was rich but under a hypocritical exterior he concealed the most profligate inclinations hlie inarried mlademoiselle de lagny


after i short time of dissimulation the vices of this man soon displayed themselves dissipated an immoderate gambler addicted to intem perance he rendered his wife miserable


sbut how did my lord find outmeadame duresnel swhen duresnel was sent to the galleys his wife reduced to the most profound poverty took the name of georges


in this position why did she inot apply to the marchioness dharville her best friend


the marchioness died before the con demnation of duresnel and since that time from an invincible shame inever has madame georges presented herself to her family who certainly would have had for her that regard liher mislortumies merited


however once reduced to the most abso


lute misery by sickness she resolved to implore assistance from mn


duarville the son of her dearest friend


it was thus that my lord met her


how then one day he was going to see m dhar ville a few steps beforelhim walked a poor woman wretchedly clothed palesuffering and cast down


arrived at thledoor of dllharvilles house at the moment she was about to knock after a long hesitation she turned quickly round as if her courage failed her


very much surprised my lord followed this woman much interested with her modest and sorrowful manner


she entered into a lodging of a very humble appearance


my lord made some iicquiries concerning her and found that she sewed for her living but that work and health were both wanting and that she as re duced to a state of abject misery


the next day i went to the house withi myird


we went in time to prevent herdyimg vith hunger


after a long illness during which every care and attention was paid hershe related the story of her life to his highness of whose rank she was entirely ignorant


after this explanationi my lord who appre


ciated more and more hier excellent qua lities made her leave paris and established her at the farm of boqueval where she is at present with la goualeuse


rhey say m dharville is much in love with his wife she gives him no cause for jealousy


i often meet her in society she is very much surrounded as almost all young and charming womnen are but helir reputation has never suffered the slightest taint


syes the marquis boasts much bf his wife


ithe only matter of dissension is her intimacy witli helen seyton


does she visit her thenl


yes rind m dharville to whlom my lord ihad spoltken of helen as she deserved hadadvised his wife to see her as seldom as possible but thle young marchioliess seduced by the flatteries of thle couniitess has alittle revolted at this sincere advice


ah women womenl my dear murphy i regret much that madame dharville is acquainted with this helen


he young and lovely marchioness can only lose by an acquaintance with such a diabolical creature


speaking of diabolical creatures said murphy here is a despatch relative to cecily the worthless wife of the worthy david


between ourselves my dear murphy this audacious mulatto would have merited the punishment that her husband our good necro doctor inflicted on the maitre decole


she has also caused blood to flow and her corruption is frightful


yet notwithstanding all this so handsome so seducing


a wicked heart under a gra cious exterior always causes me a double horror


but i hope that this despatch annuls the last orders given by my lord on the subject of this miserable creature


on the contrary baron


my lord then still desires that she should be assisted to escape from the for tress


ivwhere she has been sent for life


yes and more this despatch orders themto hastenher escape and to make her travel rapidly so that she can reach here in ten daysat farthest


i am lost in astonishment


my lord has always evinced such a repugnance for her i and be manifests now if possible still more


yet hlie sends for her to come to him


however itwill always be easy to get rid of cecily if she does not accomplish what he expects from her


the son of the jailer of the fortress of gerolstein is or dered to carry her off feigning to be in love with her he has every facility offered him to accomplish thisproject


delighted witi her escape she will follow her sup posed lover to paris but she will always be an escaped prisoner and i have every thing in order to claim her from the govern ment whenever my lord may require it


when david learned by my lord of the ap proaching arrival of cecily he was thun derstruck


i am convinced sad recollec tions are revived for him


poor negro i no doubt he loves her still


they say she is so handsome charmingtoo charming


the critical eve of a creole is necessary to discover the nixed blood in the imperceptible shade of bistre which lightly colours the crown of the rosy finger naiils of this mulatto our bright beauties of the north have not a more beautiful complexion nor a whiter skin


i was in france when my lord returned from america bringing with him david and cecily


i know this excellent manl has since that time been attached to his high ness by the most lively gratitude but i have always been ignorant how he came to be annexed to the suite of our master and how he married cecily whom i saw for the first time about a year after her marriage and the scaudal she had already created was astonishing


i can inform you of what you wish to know my dear baron i accompanied my lord in this voyage to america where he rescued david anid the mulatto from t frightful fate


david was a slave and having shown considerable talents in the study of medicine tlhrough the kindness of his master was thoroughly instructed in that science among the slaves was a creole named cecly of remarkable beauty with whom david fell in love


and who loved david in consequence of his kindness to her during an illness her master had lon cast his eye upon hlerand her par tiality for david leading her to oppose his wishes his favor was turined into hatred and david was to he confinei for life in a frightful dungeon while cecily was taken into his haremmy lord assisted them both to escape andlitook themn with him to gerolstein


david married cecily on his arrival in elluropethis marriage which promised to be so happy took place in the chapel of the palace but a strangeand ex traordinary change took placehardly had she entered upon the enjoyment of an un iooked for position forgetting all that david had suffered for her and all thatshe had suf fered for him and ashamed in this old world that she had married a negro cecily seduced by a man of great depravity com mitted a first fault one would say that the innate perversity of this creature until then dormant only awaited this moment to develope itself with fearful energy


you know the restthe scandal of her adven tures


after two years marriage david who had as much confidence as love learned all this infamy like a thunderbolt it drew him from his blind and profound security


sit was said that he wished to kill his wife


syes but my lord interceded and she was afterwards sent to prison and itis this prison that his highness has just openedto your great astonishment and mine i will not conceal it my dear baron


for what end


and for what motive t my dear baron i am just as ignorant as you are


but it grows late his high ness desires your courier should set out as soon as possible for gerolstein


before two oclock he shall be on the road


so my dear murphy fareuvoll izntil tonight


chapter xi


tiie rub du temple


to avail himrself of theinfdrmation of the baron de grann rodolphe iwent about three oclock to the rue du temple


si tuated in the centre of a busyand populous quarterthe house offered nothing iiilits aspect any way peculiar it consisted of a ground floor and four stories surmounted by a garret


at the foot of a damp and black staircase a reddish light indicated thelodge of the portera room very much smoked from the continual burning of a lamp which was necessary even at mid day to illuminate this obscure hole where we will follow trodolphe who was dressed as a shopkeepers assistant in his every day clothes


when rodolphe ventured into this den monsieur pipelet the porter momentarily absent was represented by madame pipe let


seated near an iron stove in the middle of the room she appeared to be listening to the boiling of a pot


at the sight of rodolpho the portress said in a surly tone where are you going to


madame amn informed that there is a chamber in this house to let


i wish to hire this chamber the quarter and street suit me the house pleasesme foritappears tobe well kept


this proposition exorcssed in such flat


tering terms completely gained madane pipelet


she answered most certainly sir


i flatter myself for six francs a month you shall be served like a prince


well madame pipelet allow you six francs per month for your wages


if the chamber suits mewhat is the rent


one hundred and fifty francs not one sous less


the principal tenant is a miser able doga dog who would skin an egg


and you call him


brasrouge


tile name and the recollections it awak ened made rodolphe shudder


syou say madame pipelet that the prin cipal tenant is called brasrouge


v well iand where does he live f


in the rue aux feves


he has also a tavern in the champs elysees


wishing to inspire the portress with con fidence rodolphe replied look here my dear madame pipelet i am quite tired i am almost frozen with cold


do me the favor to go and bring me a bottle of wine and two glasses or rather three for your husband will soon return and he gave her five francs


ahl i now nonsieur you wish then from the first one shall adore you cried the portress whose pimpled nose seemed to be illuminated with all the fires of an anticipated debauch


yes mladame pipelet i wish to be tdored


but i will bring uonly two glasses alfred and i always drink out of the same


go midame lipelet we will wait for alfred


ah i now if any one comes ybu will take care of the lodge


tho old woman teen went out


mahtin chuzzlewit


by


uckehs esq


continued fiom our last chapter xlh


contintration ox the enterprise ol jill


jonas and ii fill end


the doctors prognostication in reference to tbe weather was speedily verified


al though the weather was not a patient of his and no third party had required him to give an opinion on the case the quick fullment of his prophecy may be taken as an instance of his professional tact for unless the threatening aspect of the night had been perfectly plain and unmistakeable mr jobling would never have compromised his reputation by delivering any sentiments on the subject


he used this principle in me diciue with too much success to be un mindful of it iu hiscommonest transactions


it was one of those hot silent nights when people sit at windows listening for the thunder which they know will shortly break when they recall dismal tales of hurricanes and earthquakes and of lonely travellers on open plains and lonely ships at sea struck by lightning


lightning flashed and quivered on the black horizon even now aud hollow murmurings were in the wind as though it had been blowing where the thunder rolled and still was charged with its exhausted echoes


but the storm though gatheriug swiftly had not yet come up and the prevailing still ness was the more solemn from the dull intelligence that seemed to hover in the air of noise and conflict afar off


it was very dark but in the murky sky there were masses of cloud which shone with a lurid light like monstrous heaps of copper that had been heated in a furnace and were growing cold


these had been advancing steadily and slowly hut they were now motionless or nearly so and as the carriage clattered round the corners of the streets it passed at every ouea knot of persons who had come there many from their houses close at hand without hats to look up at that quarter of the sky


and now a very few large drops of rain began to full and tliuuder rumbled iu the dis tance


jonas sat in a corner of the carriage with bis bottle resting on his knee and gripped as tightly in his hand as if he would have grouud its neck to powder if he could


instinctively attracted by the night be had laid aside the pack of cards upon the cushion and with the same involuntary impulse so intelligible to both of them as not to occasion a remark on either side his companion had extinguished the lamp


the front glasses were down and they sat looking silently out upon the gloomy ecene before them


they were clear of london or as clear of it as travellers can be whose way lies on the western hoad within a stage of that enormous city


occasionally they encountered a footpassenger hurrying to the nearest place of shelter or some un wieldy cart proceeding onward at a heavy trot with tbe same end in view


little clusters of such vehicles were gathered round the stableyard or baitingplace of every wayside tavern while the drivers watched the weather from the doors and open windows or made merry within


everywhere the people were disposed to bear each other company rather than sit alone so that groups of watchful faces seemed to be looking out upon the night and tjtem from almost every house they passed


it may appear strange that this should have disturbed jonas or rendered him uneasy but it did


afthr muttering to himself and ofteu changing his position he drew up the blind on his side of the car riage and turned his shoulder sulkily towards it


but he neither looked at his companion cor broke the silence which prevailed between them and which had fallen go suddenly upon himself by address ing a word to him


the thunder rolled the lightningflairhed the rain poured down like heavens wrath


surrounded at one moment by intolerable light and at the next by pitchy darkness they still pressed forward on their journey


even when they arrived at the end of tbe stage and might have tarried they did not but ordered horses out immediately


nor had this any reference to some five miuutes lull which at that time seemed to promise a cessation of the storm


they held their course as if they were impelled and driven by its fury


although they had not ex changed a dozen words and might have tarried very well they seemed to feel by joint consent that onward they must go


louderand louder thedeep thunder rolled as through the myriad halls of some vast temple iu the sky fiercer and brighter became the lightning more and more heavily the rain poured down


the horses they were travelling now with a single pair plunged and started from the rills of quivering fire that eeetued to wind along the ground before them but there these two men sat and forward they went as if they were led on by an invisible attraction


the eye partaking of the quickness of the flashing light saw in its every gleam a multitude of objects which it could not see at steady noon in fifty times that period


sells in steeples with the rope aud wheel that moved them ragged nests of birds in cornices and nooks faces full of conster nation in the tilted waggons that came tearing past their frightened teams ring ing out a warning which the thunder drowned harrows and ploughs left out in fields miles upon miles of hedgedivided country with the distant fringe of trees aa obvious as the scarecrow in the beanfield close at hand iu a trembling vivid flick ering instant everything was clear and plain then came a flush of red into tbe yellow light a change to blue a bright ness so intense that there was nothing else but light and then the deepest and pro foundest darkness


the lightning being very crooked and very dazzling may have presented or assisted a curious optical illusion fwbicb suddenly rose before the startled eyes of montague in the carriage and as rapidly disappeared


he thought he saw jonas with his hand lilted and tbe bottle clenched in it like a hammer making as if he would aim a blow at his head


at the same time he observed or so believed an expression in his face a combination of unnatural excitement he bad shown all day with a wild hatred and fear which might have rendered a wolf a less terrible companion


lie uttered an involuntary exclamation and called to the driver who brought his horses to a stop with all speed


it could hardly have been asjbe supposed for although he had not taken his eyes off his companion and had not seen him move he sat recliningjin his corner as before


whats the matter


said jonas


is that your general way of waking out of your sleep


i could swear returned the other that i have not closed myejes


when you have sworn it said jonas composedly we had better go on again if you have only stopped for that


he uncorked the bottle with the help of bis teeth and putting it to his lips took a long draught


i wish we had never started on this journey


this is not said montague recoiling instinctively and speaking in a voice that betrayed his agitation this is not a night to travel in


ecod i youre right there returned jonas


aud ne shouldnt he out iu it but for you


if you hadnt kept me waiting nil day we might have been at salisbury by this time snug abed and fast asleep


what are we stopping sow for f his companion put out his head out of window for a moment and drawing it in again observed as if that were his cause of anxiety that the boy was drenched to the ekiri


serve him right said jonas


im glad of it


what the devil are we stopping now for


are you going to spread him out to dry v i have half a mind to take him inside observed the other with some hesitation


ohl thankee said jonas


we dont want any damp boys here especially a young imp like him


let him be where he is


he aint afraid of a little thunder and lightning i dare say whoever else is


go ou driver we bad better have him inside perhaps he muttered with a laugh aud the horses


i dont go too fast cried montague to the postilion and take care how you go


you were nearly in the ditch when i called to you


this was not true and jonas bluntly said so as they moved forward again


montague took little or no heed of what he said hut repeated that it was not a night for travelling and showed himself both then and afterwards unusually anxious


from this time jonas recovered his former spirits if such a term may he employed to express the state in which he had left the city


he had his bottle often at his mouth roared out snatches of songs without the least regard to time or tune or voice or anything hut loud discordance and urged his tilent friend to be merry with him


youre the best company in the world my good fellow said montague with an effort and in general irresistible but to night do you hear it


ecod i hear and see it too cried jonas shading his eyes for the moment from the lightning which was flashing not in any one direction but all around them


what of that


it dont change you nor me nor our affairs


chorus chorus it may lighten and storm


till il hunt the red worm from the grass where ihe gibbet is driven but it cant hurt the dead and it wont save the head that is doomed to he rifled and riven


that must be a precious old song he added with an oath ob be stopped short in a kind of wonder at himself


i havent heard it since i was a boy and how it comes into my head now unless the lightning put it in i dont know


caut hurt the dead


and wont save the head i


no no


no


ha ha ha


his mirth was of such a savage and extraordinary character and was in an inexplicable way at once so suited to the night and yet such a coarse intrusion on its terrors that his fellowtraveller always a coward shrunk from him in positive fear


instead of jonas being his tool and instru ment their places seemed to be reversed


but there was reason for this too mon tague thought since the seuse of his debasement might naturally inspire such a man with tbe wish to assert a noisy inde pendence and in that license to forget his real condition


being quick enough in reference to such subjects of contemplation he was not long in taking this argument into account and giving it its full weight


but still he felt a vngoe sense of alarm and was depressed and uneasy


he was certain he had not been asleep but his eyes might have deceived him for looking at jonas now in any interval of darkness he could represent his figure to himself in any attitude his state of mind suggested


on the other band lie knew full well that jonas had no reason to love him and even taking this piece of pan tomime which had so impressed his mind to be a real gesture and not the working of his fancy the most that could be said of it was


that it was quite in keeping with the rest of his diabolical fun and had the some impotent expression of truth in it


if he could kill me with a wish thought the swindler i should not live long


he resolved that when he should have had his use of jonas he would restrain him with an iron curb in the mean time that he could not do better thau leave him to take his owa way end preserve his own peculiar description of goodhumour after his own uncommon manner


it was no great sacrifice to bear with him for when all is got that can be got thought mon tague i bhall decamp acrosb the water and have the laugh on my side and the gains


to he continued


j


bush life in australia


ak original tals chapter iii


iii dare say it w twelve oclock at night und we were both lying wrapped in our blankets when i heard a sound from the river like the strokes of six or eight oars in a boat


i roused up jem who was drowsy from the effects of the blow on his hoad and we both went out and looked down the river


there was no mistake about it a boat full of men was pulling up on our side and be fore many minutes heard a voice calling out in bow and the crackling of small


orerhanging brambles let us know that the i boat had shol in under the bank cloe at our feet


you eau faucy how soon i was along fide of them


i ran down the track made by i rolling cedar into tho river and here i found large hips boat with about twentyfive


ion sailors and sawyers all well armed with guns and pistols aud some with swords


i dont want to make a longer yarn than i can help so the short of the matter was that a little sohoonor called the sally had been wrecked just under the south head coming into the river


the sailors had all got ashore safe and made a tent with some sails from the wreck they got plenty of arras and provisions too and were hard at work saving nil they could from the vessel when just the day before this about fifty blackfellows caine down upon their camp while they were off at the wreck murdered th cook and stow ard who had been left in charge and burnt the tent to the ground


they saw the flames but could not get hack in time to save anything and it was a good job that thoy always carried arms and ammunition in their boats


they could see the blacks mak ing off towards the river hy a shoit cut with nil the plunder they could lay hold of and shouting and waving their anns about as trieydwaya do when they mean to defy you


the captain of the schooner was a very de termined fellow and made up his mind for revenge so next morning early he started off in his boat calling at the sawpits coming up the river and beating up for volunteers


you may bo sure the sawyers were all ready enough to join


ho had got about sixteen of them and these with his own men made a pretty good muster


sorry enough they were to hear our sad story but though we r could now only offer two men instead of five


they wcie two men


with he hearts of devils i do believe so far as the blacks were concerned


the next party to ouis had had their hut robbed and bui nt down that clay


and were just thinking about coming up to us when thecaptain called for them so you may guess that they were raging


the saw yers knew our big black very well and de clared that he was the lingleuilcr in all the murders on the river


they had nicknamcd him cjbawn jack


the blacks were all camped on that island theie for the sailois had heard them coirobboreeing and caught a sight of sonic of their fires as theypulled up the river pat the south ann


n iitie vfts plenty of talk that night about our pi ins and it was agreed that nil hands should kejp close at this place till the next night when we intended to give the murdcimg dos a lesson they should re member


as fur jem he was like a madman and could not rest for a minuteoveiy now andthnn starting up to see that his gun was all right and ti viug the lock or counting his bullets


we weie all gud enough when daylight carno and seven or eight of m ntarted off to bniy the dead


i dont suppose it was quito right hut


im sure none of t us thought about saying piiyeis over the gravesit was something elso wo were thinking of


poor bill biown had not been lonchctlby the dogs but it was how id lo lookj at him in the daylight


his brother never said a word while i o were putting the body iuto the grave


hie other two mon had been shockingly tom about by the lin goes and wo hadnt much nppetiteibi


ihimi when wo carno back fiom the job


all lie rest of beeby was spent in cleaning fiie artn casing bullets and making up cart ridges


we didnt want for provisions for th sawyrs liri brought onie and we hail iiriro in our own hut


we tore up some blankets an muffled the oar and ha everything ready by nightfall


now you see gentlemen the blacks had their camp on this milo of the island facing the broad part of the liver and all the sawyers knew that on the other side in the south arm thcie was a shallow part where the darkies always waded in passing between the island and the other shore


so you know if wo carno upon them fiom the river they would be off like red shanks ami cut across tho south arra into the sciub on the other sidp and that would uovcr do


we mustered twentyseven men in all and it was arranged this way the ciptain and six mon toole our boat and i and tho othei nineteen went in tho ships boat


the tide bogan to run down about twelve oclock at night aud wo guessed that we could gently drop down with it so as to get to the south arm at about two in the morning


the captain and his men weie to land on the out side part of the bland sueak up to the camp and give them a double volley of buck shot and bullet


they would bolt of com seall who wcro not obliged to stop there and when thoy got to their fold in the south arm they would find our twenty waiting for thom


we had altogether about forty guns most of them doublebarrelled besides pistol and we expected to mako a bit of slaughter among the cannibals


harry had hot ventured to inteiuipt dicks story binco the little inst mee last lecoidcd and indeed seemed now to be much iuter jt ested


but for my own part i could not help giving oxprossion to my thoughts at this point


all you say about these ciuel murders dick is veiy shocking saicr i but snch a slaughter as this seems quite as bal oi worse and you would kill the innocent an well


asthe guilty


thats the way all you town gentry look at it replied dick but who cm help thal


its a war sir


if they let us ahme wod let thom alone talk about hie innocent


weient our three men inno


cent


woreut the cook and stcwad of the sully innocent


we must fight thom fellows in the way they fight themselves or else bit down quiotly to be murdered


what do you say mr bnstgatc


ill tell von dick replied tlany with a look very different fiom his usual linguid air theicis not mm h use in saying any thing now but i should just have liked to havo boon number twentyone of your paity


with a good doubleban el in my hands mid then i hatter myself my opinion would huvo been expressed in such a manner as to have carried some weight with it


hurry was evidently gaining ground in the estimation of dick who proceeded


it wasabright starry night as ive pushed off and dropped down tho river hnidly dip ping the oars into the water and keeping i close in under tho shade of the scrub


all the sailors were in my boat for tho captain wauled good bushmon to sneak on to the camp and jem brown went among thom


in about two hours we carneto tjio upper i wini of theilaiid aiid hero wo paitedmy whyivhiwr down the south ai m and the vjt i i


captain going round to the front of the island


wo bounded for the shallow part and found it about two rriiles down so pul


ling a little lower we got inshoro to the island and i and thirteen others got ashore leaving six in the boat which we lcellicked out hoar the shallow


so far wed got on very well


there wasnt the least sign of alarm for near an hourafter we got here


it turned out afterwards that the captain was puzzled to find a good place to land without making too much noise with the cracking of dry weeds and branches which stretched right into the river


all at once however


wc heard a shout like that of one voice plainly a blackfellow then there was in a moment a great yelling and screaming mid almost instantly the loud bangof the fire arms


youd have thought lhere was a whole regiment of soldiers there the shots echoed so up and down tho river


but oh if you gentlemen could just hear now the hooting and yelling that followed


we all expected to find a good big camp here but i was sure from the shout that lhere was at tho very least three hundred men


its no use trying to tell you how them fellows do shout and screech and yell


nobody can know till he hears it


but all wc cared about was that their howling and hootiiu came nearer and nearer and presently they cvmc pouring down a little bit of a ridge close at hand and leaping into the river like devils at the shallow place


then we let drive at them with about thirty barrels and they turned tail back again meeting wholo lot more coining over the ridge


wc wore up after them before they had time to get out of each others way and poured another volley into the thick of them


oh the howling and whooping


but by this time we had done our great stroke so got behind what shelter we could to load ag tin


this big camp of fighting blacks was not guing to be frightened easily though


we came oil them by surprise and glad enough theyd have been to get away but now that we had them bailed up and they couldnt turn auy way without facing the guns they showed fight like devils


they left oil screaming and yelling and began with their damnable wahi wahi wahwho aw


by this we nil knew thejt meant seeing it out and a shower of spears and boomerangs told us wo were right


and licre they kept up the battle for more than an hourthough we wanted to get off to the boat


i and the sawyers mustering such a strong party managed very well to get out of the way of much danger while we fired away at random for when the blacks got among the trees nobody could take anything like an aim at thom


but the sailors were not so well used to this way of fighting and four of them werclying morcorless wounded so we wanted to get them down to the boat but the jumping blnck devils wouldnt give us half a chance


the mate of the schooner got the tip of his ear cut clean off with a boomerang and one of the sawyers had a spear through the thigh in making the attempt


all we could do was to keep under shelter pop away and take care of the wounded


at last a thought shuck me and i got a sawyer to creep down to the boat where our six men still were and give thom a hint so the whole seven set up a shout lhit struck terror for a moment into the black brutes for they thought the party that had sneaked on their camp had come round to our help and they took to their heels over the island again


there was no time to bo lost so we picked up our wounde and very foon got awiy into the bo it


while all was being got ready for a start our men were loading their guns again and presently several sung out who has got the caps


i had nono and all we could muster nmong us was five


we had brought aliox of percussion caps to fall back upon but the captain of the schooner had it in his pocket


you see wed arranged thal his party should wait on the other side the island fjr a lilli while so as to catch the darkies if they turned back but to come round to us as soon as they could


here was a pretty lnesi


well we got all hand


into the bo it an gave wiy but


by george the tide had sunk so we couldnt get orer the shallow


what was to bo done now


wo unfit only shoot down the south arm and go round the lower end of the island but wed hardly pulled i dozen strokes tint way when wc found another bar


wed gt ourselves into a regular trap and could lind no way out ab ive or behw


we hoard liu curscd devil bellowing away on the island and knew very well that if they caine down upon us now wc should be all dead men


lot us drag the boat over said the mate


no sooner said then done


we run her t n to the narrowest part of the upper spit and all hands but the four wounded sailors jump ing out we laid hold of her with a will


it was tough work lean tell you lo get that great boat across the bank and just as she floated in deep water again a spear came hissing past my head


we manned the oars in an instant and stretched away just as a couple of hundred black bodies came splash ing into the shallow water again and a few boomerangs and padamallon sticks whizzed over our heads


wo gave them a parting salute with our last five shots and as wo saw thom streaming across to the main land wo could only hope a good lot of their company had stopped behiud for the night


just as we shot round the island wc met the other boat


theyd have been with us before only they had a prisoner a fellow who got his kneecap broke at the first shot and was now lying tied neck and heels in the bottom of the boat


jem brown had him fast enough and good reason he had to keep him for it was our old friend co bawn jack


by this time the day was breaking and we pulled up the river


i never heard how many blacks weie killed but im told that not a darkie on the river forgets tho south arm


the wounded sailors all recovered and as a vessel carne in a few days after wards i took my passage in her to sydney along with the captain and crew of the wrecked schooner


and what bocame of cobawn jack said i


oh you know jem and the sawyers teok him away in their boat


and what did they do with him


well sir i dont know of myself its only hearsay but i did hear that ho was kild


here dick gave a slight cough and getting up rather hurriedly intimated that ho was going to lill his pipe


his story made a con siderable impression upon me at the time and as wo lay on the sandbank that night waiting for the tide to float us i could not help looking with deep iuterest towards that large dark island and the blacklooking en trance lo the upper part of tho routh arm which had witnessed such stirring incidents so short a time before


all was silent now


the tide would not be at top of flood until three oclock and as i walked the deck about an hour after midnight with iib other com panion than the seaman who kept watch forward my mimi naturally reverted to the narration i had just listened to and tho striking contrast presented by that and the scene around lo tho safety and civilisation that i had so recently quitted


the night was brilliantly starlight


the glorious south crosscut torotl over the upward end of the reach on a black ground of deepsea blue and the wholo canopy overhead was hung with lights so vivid that they seemed to warm the night air


there was hot a ripple ou the river but vcrylstaraboveberai to havo hb twinstar therenot reflected from the surface but deep deep down in the water as far as you


could see


the thick scrubs on each side cast black shadows along the banks and now and then some strange cry of a uight bird from the depths of the bush stnick upon my unpractised ear with an unearthly sound


all these impressions have passed away years ago but i well remember that when these night sounds of the bush were new to me i was always reminded hy them of the terrible fright i got when a child on being taken by an eccentric and inconsiderate rc


lative in london to a performance of webers der frischutz


in spite of myself a strange kind of awe was creeping over me and i was wandering into a conjecture as to the directionof the spot where the three murdered sawyers were buried when a hand was laid upon my shoulder and turning round with a start i saw beside me no less a person than hairy eastgato


to le continued


hollowats patsfor llio periodical irregu larities incidental to tho weaker sex this alteradlo is an invaluable remedy


from hie fiist blush of womanhood to the ripeness of old aga it may ho taken as an aid invigoiant or cxpellant it stiengthens the fading energies occasioned by lassitude or long i te revitalizing um blood and recruiting the debilitated system


cities unit imriiei florence obrien an kisii tale


continued from our last a nd a mighty change had comc over that remote town


the airrny had arrived the barracks were built ships of war were frequent in the bay and the streets were daily paraded by those lounging heroes who had wrought an extraordinary revolution in all things but especially in manners and fashions