what caused the end of the cuban missile crisis
When all offensive missiles and Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers had been withdrawn from Cuba, the blockade was formally ended on November 21, 1962. The negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick, clear, and direct communication line between Washington and Moscow. As a result, the Moscow -- Washington hotline was established. A series of agreements reduced U.S. -- Soviet tensions for several years until the United States and Russia began to build their nuclear arsenal even further.