Automaker GM, which filed for bankruptcy Monday, has taken a key step toward downsizing. CEO Fritz Henderson discusses his company's plans to restructure itself and says he sees GM's bankruptcy as an opportunity.
MELISSA BLOCK, host: This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: And I'm Robert Siegel.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Here's what passes for good news for U.S. automakers these days. In May, both Ford and General Motors reported their smallest declines in sales against last year's levels in months: Ford sales were 24 percent down from May 2008, GM was 30 percent off last year's pace, Chrysler's year to year decline from May was larger, 47 percent.</s>MELISSA BLOCK, host: In other auto news, GM announced today that a Chinese heavy machinery company, based in Sichuan province, plans to buy GM's Hummer brand. That's one of the divisions the automaker has been eager to sell. We spoke with GM's leader this morning before that buyer had been identified.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Fritz Henderson is the CEO of General Motors. Welcome to the program.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): Thank you.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Yesterday, you were speaking of a new GM. And you yourself have been at GM or GMAC for the past 25 years, where have you learned a corporate culture that's any different from the old GM?</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): Well, I've had the benefit of working for General Motors everywhere around the globe, virtually. I've run our businesses in various different regions. I've lived in Brazil, worked in Latin America, Africa, Middle East, Europe, Asia. And so I've had the ability, I guess, within a firm to experience multiple cultures and I think that's of pretty substantial benefit to me, I think, in terms of understanding how different businesses can be run.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Not a single business culture that has governed GM all these years?</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): The culture of GM is interesting having again worked in all the different parts of General Motors, there are common threads - things like integrity, what our people stand for - there are common threads to the GM culture. But there are distinct differences based on the operations and always have been.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: In this country, GM is currently selling I guess something around 20 percent of the new cars in an economy that's so bad that people are only buying at the rate of, we guess eight or nine million new vehicles a year.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): We do sell one in five cars in general in the United States. And the market has been running at about nine and half to nine point six million unit annualized rate if you will.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Let's say that the market recovers, not up to where it was headed - up toward 16 million vehicles - but say 12 million new vehicles a year. Can GM survive and be profitable at one fifth of that?</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): The answer is yes. We are structuring the business to lower our break-even level here in North America to a U.S. market - about 10 million units. And this would be measured on an event basis, earnings before interest and taxes. Given the de-leveraging, our balance sheet will have a fairly modest interest burden for the company. And so the objective is at a 12 million unit market to be able to operate at better than break-even and generate a small profit and obviously significantly reduce the amount of cash burn that we have experienced over the last several years.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Let me ask about the Chevy Volt, the plug-in electric car that's really only - it's a little more than a year away from launch now. It's touted in some quarters as GM's iPod, the product that can turn the whole company around. How much will the Chevy Volt cost when people get a chance to buy one?</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): First of all, no single product can turn General Motors around. Every one of our products has to succeed for us to win. But let's talk about that, that's always been my philosophy that continues I think to this day.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Mm-hmm.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): I think a Volt is as much about a demonstration of what General Motors men and women are capable of doing. I remember when it was first announced, there was widespread disbelief that lithium ion batteries could be the technology. Now, lithium ion batteries are viewed as quite a capable technology. There were a lot of skeptics, but I think we'll prove that the vehicle works, can deliver what the consumer is looking for and just be a technological statement for General Motors in terms of cost, its first generation cost, which generally is quite high. And so the objective of any first generation program is to get learnings to get to the second generation.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: But first generation is quite high. Does that mean that you're going to market this plug-in car that needs virtually no gasoline, or hardly any, for $40,000? Can you get it down to 30? Your predecessor Rick Wagoner told me at the auto show that he couldn't get it down to 30,000 without serious government subsidy.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): Well, let me - let me just start, first of all the cost. Yeah, Ricks talked about 40,000. Bob Lutz - we've talked about it in that range. There is a $7,500 tax credit that's available for that car, not just for our car but for other cars in that category. So I mean that would help defray the cost to the consumer. In the end, when we launch the vehicle, we'll launch the vehicle properly. We'll price it properly. But the cost of the vehicle is relatively high. But nonetheless, as we said we knew that going in…</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Right.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): …this is not a surprise to us. And our objective is to actually get the learnings and get to the second generation.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: But is it a car that's going to hit the market competitive with say a Prius, a successful energy saving car by cost, or is it going to be a choice you make if you're not going to buy a Lexus this year?</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): Well, the - well, first of all it's a Chevrolet Volt. And so, I mean in that sense what we've chosen to do is put our foremost technology into our broadest, deepest and most important volume brand. So I think that's why we chose Chevrolet to launch the vehicle. I think the key here is, obviously, get the vehicle launch, prove ourselves. There is, you know, there is a broad category and a broad following for the vehicle that we expect to be able to be the first buyers of the vehicle. We'll have to see.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: I'm just curious, finally, since GM has been hit both by a very dire recession that has hurt every carmaker, on the other hand, GM has also gone from a majority of the cars sold in the U.S. to about a fifth of them in almost the same time that you've been working for the company over that time. How do you in your mind balance the - what's happened here and what led to Chapter 11 between factors in the American economy that have been bad news for a big old company with a big labor contract and things unique to the way that GM has managed its position in the U.S. car market?</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): Well, I've had 25 years in the company working and I've spent time working in staffs and GMAC, again, all over the world. So I've had the, I guess, the benefit of that experience and seeing what's happened in different markets, seeing volatility and then obviously experiencing what we've experienced it the last two years here in the U.S.,. No one would have ever foreseen a U.S. market, for example, running at nine and half million units, certainly it was never in our planning horizon, nor anybody else's that I could see. So, you know I think we need…</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: But we did see GM though losing share of the market.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): Yeah. I would say a couple of things. One, we've made mistakes. There's no question we've made mistakes. We need to learn from those mistakes and we will. I think we have - our products are the best they've ever been. And we're going to be a company that's focused around the customer.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: Well, thanks a lot for talking with us.</s>Mr. FRITZ HENDERSON (CEO, General Motors): My pleasure.</s>ROBERT SIEGEL, host: That's Fritz Henderson who is the CEO of General Motors. He spoke to us from New York.