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Ces dernières\n+% apparaissent dans différent cas de figure : définitions de fonctions et\n+% expressions `case`, `if`, `try..catch`, et `receive`.\n+\n+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n+%% 1. Variables et filtrage par motif.\n+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n+\n+Nb = 42.  % Chaque nom de variable doit commencer par une lettre majuscule.\n+\n+% Les variables Erlang ne peuvent être affectées qu'une seule fois ; si vous\n+% essayez d'affecter une autre valeur à la variable `Nb`, vous obtiendrez\n+% une erreur.\n+Nb = 43. % ** exception error: no match of right hand side value 43\n+\n+% Dans la plupart des languages, `=` indique une affectation. En Erlang,\n+% cependant, `=` indique un filtrage par motif. En fait, `Gauche = Droit`\n+% signifie ce qui suit : évalue le côté droit (`Droit`), et ensuite filtre le\n+% résultat à l'aide du motif du côté gauche (`Gauche`).\n+Nb = 7 * 6.\n+\n+% Nombre en virgule flottante.\n+Pi = 3.14159.\n+\n+% Les atomes représentent des valeurs constantes non-numériques. Un atome\n+% commence par une lettre minuscule, suivie d'une séquence composée de\n+% caractères alphanumériques, de tirets bas (`_`), ou d'arobases (`@`).\n+Bonjour = bonjour.\n+AutreNoeud = exemple@noeud.\n+\n+% Les atomes de valeur autre qu'alphanumérique peuvent être délimités par\n+% des guillemets droits simples.\n+AtomeAvecEspace = 'un atome contenant des espaces'.\n+\n+% Les tuples sont similaires aux enregistrements du language C.\n+Point = {point, 10, 45}.\n+\n+% Pour extraire des valeurs d'un tuple, on filtre par motif avec\n+% l'opérateur `=`.\n+{point, X, Y} = Point.  % X = 10, Y = 45\n+\n+% On peut utiliser `_` comme caractère joker pour les variables qui ne nous\n+% intéressent pas. Le symbol `_` est appelé variable muette. Contrairement\n+% aux variables normales, de multiples apparitions de `_` dans un même motif\n+% ne lient pas nécessairement à la même valeur.\n+Personne = {personne, {nom, {prenom, joe}, {famille, armstrong}},\n+                      {pointure, 42}}.\n+{_, {_, {_, Qui}, _}, _} = Personne.  % Qui = joe\n+\n+% Pour créer une liste, on écrit les éléments de la liste entre crochets, en\n+% les séparant par des virgules.\n+% Les éléments d'une liste peuvent avoir n'importe quel type.\n+% Le premier élément d'une liste est appelé la tête de la liste. Si on retire\n+% la tête d'une liste, ce qui reste est appelée la queue de la liste.\n+Articles = [{pommes, 10}, {poires, 6}, {lait, 3}].\n+\n+% Si `Q` est une liste, alors `[T|Q]` est aussi une liste dont la tête est `T`\n+% et dont la queue est `Q`. La barre verticale (`|`) sépare la tête d'une\n+% liste de sa queue.\n+% `[]` est la liste vide.\n+% On peut extraire des éléments d'une liste par filtrage de motif. Si `L` est\n+% une liste non vide, alors l'expression `[X|Y] = L`, où `X` et `Y` sont des\n+% variables non affectées, va extraire la tête de la liste dans `X` et la\n+% queue de la liste dans `Y`.\n+[PremierArticle|AutresArticles] = Articles.\n+% PremierArticle = {pommmes, 10}\n+% AutresArticles = [{poires, 6}, {lait, 3}]\n+\n+% Il n'y a pas de chaînes de caractères en Erlang. Les chaînes de caractères\n+% ne sont rien de plus que des listes d'entiers.\n+% Les chaînes de caractères sont délimitées par des guillemets droits doubles\n+% (`\"`).\n+Nom = \"Bonjour\".\n+[66, 111, 110, 106, 111, 117, 114] = \"Bonjour\".\n+\n+\n+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n+%% 2. Programmation séquentielle.\n+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n+\n+% Les modules constituent l'unité de base d'un programme Erlang. Toutes les\n+% fonctions que l'on écrit sont sauvées dans des modules. Les modules sont\n+% enregistrés dans des fichiers avec une extension `.erl`.\n+% Les modules doivent être compilés afin d'éxecuter le programme.\n+% Un module compilé a une extension `.beam`.\n+-module(geometrie).\n+-export([aire/1]). % la liste des fonctions exportées par le module.\n+\n+% La fonction `aire` est composée de deux clauses. Les clauses sont séparées\n+% par un point-virgule, et la dernière clause est suivie d'un point et un\n+% espace blanc. Chaque clause a une en-tête et un corps ; l'en-tête 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