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As will be\n+shown in this document, almost any operation that can be applied to a data set\n+using SAS's ``DATA`` step, can also be accomplished in pandas.\n+\n+A ``Series`` is the data structure that represents one column of a\n+``DataFrame``. SAS doesn't have a separate data structure for a single column,\n+but in general, working with a ``Series`` is analogous to referencing a column\n+in the ``DATA`` step.\n+\n+``Index``\n+~~~~~~~~~\n+\n+Every ``DataFrame`` and ``Series`` has an ``Index`` - which are labels on the\n+*rows* of the data. SAS does not have an exactly analogous concept. A data set's\n+row are essentially unlabeled, other than an implicit integer index that can be\n+accessed during the ``DATA`` step (``_N_``).\n+\n+In pandas, if no index is specified, an integer index is also used by default\n+(first row = 0, second row = 1, and so on). While using a labeled ``Index`` or\n+``MultiIndex`` can enable sophisticated analyses and is ultimately an important\n+part of pandas to understand, for this comparison we will essentially ignore the\n+``Index`` and just treat the ``DataFrame`` as a collection of columns. Please\n+see the :ref:`indexing documentation<indexing>` for much more on how to use an\n+``Index`` effectively.\n+\n+\n+Data Input / Output\n+-------------------\n+\n+Reading keyed-in values:","path":"doc/source/comparison_with_sas.rst","position":83,"original_position":83,"commit_id":"5b07d248540492dd60e51ba4ac0f014d3efb19bf","original_commit_id":"5b07d248540492dd60e51ba4ac0f014d3efb19bf","user":{"login":"chris-b1","id":1924092,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1924092?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1","html_url":"https://github.com/chris-b1","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"body":"I was struggling for the right term - \"keyed-in\" meaning the data is specified in program, not from an external source.","created_at":"2015-09-13T17:00:44Z","updated_at":"2015-09-13T17:00:44Z","html_url":"https://github.com/pydata/pandas/pull/11087#discussion_r39349523","pull_request_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/11087","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/comments/39349523"},"html":{"href":"https://github.com/pydata/pandas/pull/11087#discussion_r39349523"},"pull_request":{"href":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/11087"}}},"pull_request":{"url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/11087","id":44873549,"html_url":"https://github.com/pydata/pandas/pull/11087","diff_url":"https://github.com/pydata/pandas/pull/11087.diff","patch_url":"https://github.com/pydata/pandas/pull/11087.patch","issue_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/issues/11087","number":11087,"state":"open","locked":false,"title":"DOC: Comparison with SAS","user":{"login":"chris-b1","id":1924092,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1924092?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1","html_url":"https://github.com/chris-b1","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"body":"closes #11075\r\nxref #4052 \r\n\r\nThere doesn't seem to be a straightforward way to syntax highlight the SAS code, so it will format as generic code blocks.","created_at":"2015-09-13T14:17:11Z","updated_at":"2015-09-13T17:00:44Z","closed_at":null,"merged_at":null,"merge_commit_sha":"d1dc9808783cc6f773349bd1be7d900042cbef5e","assignee":null,"milestone":{"url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/milestones/34","html_url":"https://github.com/pydata/pandas/milestones/0.17.0","labels_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/milestones/34/labels","id":1033710,"number":34,"title":"0.17.0","description":"","creator":{"login":"jreback","id":953992,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/953992?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback","html_url":"https://github.com/jreback","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/jreback/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"open_issues":13,"closed_issues":492,"state":"open","created_at":"2015-03-23T10:47:38Z","updated_at":"2015-09-13T16:16:13Z","due_on":"2015-09-15T04:00:00Z","closed_at":null},"commits_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/11087/commits","review_comments_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/11087/comments","review_comment_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/pulls/comments{/number}","comments_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/issues/11087/comments","statuses_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/pydata/pandas/statuses/5b07d248540492dd60e51ba4ac0f014d3efb19bf","head":{"label":"chris-b1:sas-docs","ref":"sas-docs","sha":"5b07d248540492dd60e51ba4ac0f014d3efb19bf","user":{"login":"chris-b1","id":1924092,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1924092?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1","html_url":"https://github.com/chris-b1","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"repo":{"id":21056537,"name":"pandas","full_name":"chris-b1/pandas","owner":{"login":"chris-b1","id":1924092,"avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1924092?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1","html_url":"https://github.com/chris-b1","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/chris-b1/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false},"private":false,"html_url":"https://github.com/chris-b1/pandas","description":"Flexible 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