The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. They are characterized by the arrangement of particles in a substance and the way they interact with each other.

**1. Solid:**
In a solid, the particles are closely packed and have a fixed position. They are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice structure, and their arrangement is fixed. The particles are in a state of constant motion, but they do not change their position.

Examples of solids include:

* Metals (e.g., copper, iron)
* Minerals (e.g., quartz, feldspar)
* Crystals (e.g., quartz, sugar)

**2. Liquid:**
In a liquid, the particles are free to move and change their position. They are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice structure, and their arrangement is not fixed. The particles are in a state of constant motion, but they do not change their position.

Examples of liquids include:

* Water (H2O)
* Gases (e.g., air, helium)
* Liquids (e.g., oil, honey)

**3. Gas:**
In a gas, the particles are free to move and change their position. They are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice structure, and their arrangement is not fixed. The particles are in a state of constant motion, and they do not change