Waste brine typically can contaminate the general groundwater in your neighborhood and possibly that of your own well. Consequently, reducing salt usage while maintaining water system treatment effectiveness is important.
Injection wells are widely considered to be the best method for disposal of treated waste water. Unlike outfalls or other direct disposal techniques, injection wells utilize the earth as a filter to further clean the treated wastewater before it reaches the receiving water. The EPA' Underground Injection Control defines an injection well as a bored, drilled, or driven shaft, or a dug hole that is deeper than it is wide, or an improved sinkhole, or a subsurface fluid distribution system. Its construction depends on the injection fluid injected and depth of the injection zone. Water containing salts in solution, such as sodium, calcium or bromides. Brine is commonly produced along with oil. The disposal of oilfield brine is usually accomplished by underground injection into salt-water saturated formations or by evaporation in surface pits. We prefer to use brine as a general term. The emulsified calcium chloride [CaCl 2 ] solution (or any other saline phase) in an oil mud is referred to as brine or brine phase.. The oil/brine ratio, abbreviated OBR, is used to compare solids content and salinities of oil muds. REDUCTION OF SALT USAGE Waste brine typically can contaminate the general groundwater in your neighborhood and possibly that of your own well. Consequently, reducing salt usage while maintaining water system treatment effectiveness is important.  An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer. The fluid may be water, wastewater, brine (salt water), or water mixed with chemicals. The EPA' Underground Injection Control defines an injection well as a bored, drilled, or driven shaft, or a dug hole that is deeper than it is wide, or an improved sinkhole, or a subsurface fluid distribution system. Its construction depends on the injection fluid injected and depth of the injection zone. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) ZLD is a term used to describe a method of opera-tion that results in the elimination of liquid wastes leaving a water treatment plant. In a conventional surface or groundwater treatment plant, the principal liquid waste is the filter backwash. There are three general types of equip-ment for a brine ZLD system: • B rine concentrator – Also known as a brine evaporator. The concentrator reduces the original brine volume by 95 to 98 percent, and effluent is a two-phase solution – a high TDS liquid and crystalline salt particles. This guidance includes descriptions of options as well as past HDR projects that can be used for references.Brine is a term that is used very loosely in the area of water treatment. When it comes to desalination, brine is the liquid residual generated during the treat-ment process. There are three general types of equip-ment for a brine ZLD system: • B rine concentrator – Also known as a brine evaporator. The concentrator reduces the original brine volume by 95 to 98 percent, and effluent is a two-phase solution – a high TDS liquid and crystalline salt particles. In hydrology, brine is a form of salt water, namely, water with relatively high concentration of salt (usually sodium chloride). It is used because the addition of salt to water lowers the freezing temperature of the solution and the heat transport efficiency can be greatly enhanced for the comparatively low cost of the material. The lowest freezing point obtainable for NaCl brine is −21.1 °C (−6.0 °F) at 23.3wt% NaCl. Brine is a solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water. In different contexts, brine may refer to salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, or the lower end of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature). It is used because the addition of salt to water lowers the freezing temperature of the solution and the heat transport efficiency can be greatly enhanced for the comparatively low cost of the material. The lowest freezing point obtainable for NaCl brine is −21.1 °C (−6.0 °F) at 23.3wt% NaCl.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_well http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/b/brine.aspx http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/pip/factsheets/dwgb/documents/dwgb-3-6.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_well http://www.hdrinc.com/sites/all/files/content/articles/article-files/3601-a-look-at-conventional-and-emerging-brine-disposal-and-waste-minimization-technologies.pdf http://www.hdrinc.com/sites/all/files/content/articles/article-files/3601-a-look-at-conventional-and-emerging-brine-disposal-and-waste-minimization-technologies.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine
waste brine definition