A nerve cell is specialized to carry messages through an electrochemical process.
Neurons are nerve cells, or cells found in the nervous system. These are specialized cells designed to stimulate other cells in the body in order to communicate. Neurons are excitable, which means they function by using electrical stimulation. Nerve cells are the primary cells in the nervous system. They are responsible for relaying electrical messages to cells and tissues in other organ systems. This article discusses the functions and structures of nerve cells in the human body. Like most other cells in an organism, a nerve cell generally has both a nucleus and a cell body. Around the cell body, there are extensions called dendrites, which are specialized in receiving different kinds of stimuli depending on the location and purpose of the cell. A motor neuron is a cell that transmits a signal to a muscle or gland. Sensory neurons receive information from sensory organs and transmit that information back to the central nervous system. Interneurons, which do most of the work in the brain and spinal cord, relay information between sensory and motor neurons. The three basic types of nerve cells are motor neurons, sensory neurons and interneurons. A motor neuron is a cell that transmits a signal to a muscle or gland. Sensory neurons receive information from sensory organs and transmit that information back to the central nervous system. Interneurons, which do most of the work in the brain and spinal cord, relay information between sensory and motor neurons. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The term neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or an axon, particularly in its undifferentiated stage. At the majority of synapses, signals are sent from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another. There are, however, many exceptions to these rules: neurons that lack dendrites, neurons that have no axon, synapses that connect an axon to another axon or a dendrite to another dendrite, etc. A neuron (/ˈnjʊərɒn/ NYEWR-on or /ˈnʊərɒn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. At the majority of synapses, signals are sent from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another. There are, however, many exceptions to these rules: neurons that lack dendrites, neurons that have no axon, synapses that connect an axon to another axon or a dendrite to another dendrite, etc. Neurons are cells with specialized features that allow them to receive and facilitate nerve impulses, or action potentials, across their membrane to the next neuron. They possess a large cell body (soma), with cell projections called dendrites and an axon. Structure [edit]. Nervous tissue is composed of neurons, also called nerve cells, and neuroglial cells. Typically, nervous tissue is categorized into four types of tissue. In the central nervous system (CNS), the tissue types found are grey matter and white matter. A nerve cell is called a neuron. The neuron has dendrites that receive impules from the previous neuron and send it to the cell body and an axon that transmits the impulse to … the next neuron. It is specialised by being a long, thin cell that enables it to carry electrical messages (nerve impulses) around the body through travelling along the axons (thin, long bit in middle knows as nerve fibres) from your brain or spinal cord to one of the muscles. Axons allow a nerve cell to connect to distant parts of the body, so that cells in the br … ain can send messages to, and receive messages from a toe, for example, which might be six feet away from the brain.  Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells). The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry messages through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons. To learn how neurons carry messages, read about the action potential. However, neurons differ from other cells in the body because: 1  Neurons have specialize cell parts called dendrites and axons. 2  Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. 3  Neurons contain some specialized structures (for example, synapses) and chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters).
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-nerve-cells-function-types-structure.html http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-nerve-cell.htm http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-nerve-cell.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_tissue http://www.answers.com/Q/How_are_Nerve_cells_specialised http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_a_nerve_cell_specialized http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cells.html
describe how a nerve cell is specialized