Bacterial gene
- Associated with most eukaryotic genes are control elements, segments of. noncoding DNA that help regulate transcription by binding certain proteins. - Control elements and the proteins they bind are critical to the precise regulation of. gene expression in different cell types. - Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical. - Differences between cell types result from differential gene expression, the. expression of different genes by cells with the same genome. - Errors in gene expression can lead to diseases including cancer. 3 Structural gene clusters are coordinately controlled. 1  An operon is a unit of bacterial gene expression and regulation, including structural genes and control elements in DNA recognized by regulator gene product(s). Bacterial structural genes are often organized into clusters that include genes coding for proteins whose functions are related. - An operon is the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that they control. - The operon can be switched off by a protein repressor which prevents gene transcription by binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymerase. - Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical. - Differences between cell types result from differential gene expression, the. expression of different genes by cells with the same genome. - Errors in gene expression can lead to diseases including cancer. 1 Not found in Eukaryotes. 2  Coordinate gene expression in Eukaryotes depends on association of control elements with all of the genes in a dispersed group. 3  Transcription factors that recognize these control elements bind to them, promoting simultaneous transcription of the genes. 1 The expression of a protein-coding gene is measured by the amount of functional protein a cell makes. 2  Gene expression may be blocked or stimulated by post-transcriptional steps. 3  Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms can fine tune gene expression and respond to changes in the environment. . Coordinately controlled genes are each associated with specific regulatory. DNA sequen, o. enhaniers. These sequences are recognized by_ a single. type of tianscription factor that activates or represses a group of genes in. synchronY. . Examples of coordinate gene expression in eukaryotes include: . Nucleosomes, or beads on a stringHistone proteins associated with DNA are responsible for the first level of DNApacking in eukaryotes.Histones: Small proteins that are rich in basic amino acids and that bind to DNA,forming chromatin.. related genes in eukaryotic cells? a) a single repressor able to turn off several related genes b) organization of the genes into clusters, with local chromatin structures influencing the expression of all the genes at once c) each of the genes sharing a common control element, allowing several... a) a single repressor able to turn off several related genes. b) organization of the genes into clusters, with local chromatin structures influencing the expression of all the genes at once. c) each of the genes sharing a common control element, allowing several activators to turn on their transcription, regardless of their location in the genome - Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription. - Gene expression in bacteria is controlled by the operon model. A. Operons: The Basic Concept-A cluster of functionally related genes can be under coordinated control by a single on-off “switch”. - The regulatory “switch” is a segment of DNA called an operator usually positioned within the promoter. - Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical. - Differences between cell types result from differential gene expression, the. expression of different genes by cells with the same genome. - Errors in gene expression can lead to diseases including cancer. 1 Finer tuning of gene regulation begins with the interaction of transcription factors with DNA sequences that control specific genes. 2  Once a gene is “unpacked” initiation is the most common point of control of gene expression. 3  One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes is the presence of introns. 1 The expression of a protein-coding gene is measured by the amount of functional protein a cell makes. 2  Gene expression may be blocked or stimulated by post-transcriptional steps. 3  Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms can fine tune gene expression and respond to changes in the environment.
http://faculty.muhs.edu/klestinski/AP_Bio_18_Notes.pdf http://bioscience.jbpub.com/cells/MBIO3103.aspx http://faculty.muhs.edu/klestinski/AP_Bio_18_Notes.pdf http://www.slideshare.net/Jolie11/eukaryotic-gene-regulation http://www.scrantonprepbiology.org/Advanced/Chapters/apLectureNotes/apLectureNotes19.PDF https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091020173040AAtsYiT http://faculty.muhs.edu/klestinski/AP_Bio_18_Notes.pdf http://www.slideshare.net/Jolie11/eukaryotic-gene-regulation
what are coordinately controlled genes