Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or molecular scissors.
Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or molecular scissors.. Genome editing with engineered nucleases will likely contribute to many fields of life sciences from studying gene functions in plants and animals to gene therapy in humans. In both types of therapy, scientists need something to transport either the entire gene or a recombinant DNA to the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes and DNA reside. In essence, vectors are molecular delivery trucks. Somatic gene therapy introduces therapeutic genes at the tissue or cellular level to treat a specific individual. Germ-line gene therapy inserts genes into reproductive cells or possibly into embryos to correct genetic defects that could be passed on to future generations. RNA editing is relatively rare, and common forms of RNA processing (e.g. splicing, 5'- capping and 3'- polyadenylation) are not usually included as editing. Editing events may include the insertion, deletion, and base substitution of nucleotides within the edited RNA molecule. RNA editing has been observed in some tRNA, rRNA, mRNA or miRNA molecules of eukaryotes and their viruses, archaea and prokaryotes. NHEJ uses a variety of enzymes to directly join the DNA ends in a double-strand break. In contrast, in HDR, a homologous sequence is utilized as a template for regeneration of missing DNA sequence at the break point. The natural properties of these pathways form the very basis of nucleases based genome editing. Genome editing with engineered nucleases will likely contribute to many fields of life sciences from studying gene functions in plants and animals to gene therapy in humans. RNA editing is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within a RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase. Editing events may include the insertion, deletion, and base substitution of nucleotides within the edited RNA molecule. RNA editing has been observed in some tRNA, rRNA, mRNA or miRNA molecules of eukaryotes and their viruses, archaea and prokaryotes. It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. Genome editing with engineered nucleases will likely contribute to many fields of life sciences from studying gene functions in plants and animals to gene therapy in humans. Gene therapy is a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat diseases. Genes control heredity and provide the basic biological code for determining a cell's specific functions. Somatic gene therapy introduces therapeutic genes at the tissue or cellular level to treat a specific individual. Germ-line gene therapy inserts genes into reproductive cells or possibly into embryos to correct genetic defects that could be passed on to future generations. To make a TALEN (as the editing tool is called), scientists combine the TAL that recognizes the broken gene with the endonuclease that will cut it. TAL + endonuclease = TALEN. But they need to do more than cut the DNA. They need to repair it too. So the next step is to paste in a working copy of the broken gene. Then they add TALENs to the cells along with the new DNA that they want to paste in to the broken gene. Editing genes in cells in a petri dish is one thing, but the next challenge is to use TALENs to cure human disease. Scientists are still working on solving this problem. But what we can do is make a sort of biological editing tool called a TALEN. This strange hybrid of bacterial genes can work with the cell’s own machinery (and a copy of the right DNA provided by the scientists) to fix a broken gene. The first thing a TALEN needs to do is to find the broken gene in the patient’s DNA. Then they add TALENs to the cells along with the new DNA that they want to paste in to the broken gene. Editing genes in cells in a petri dish is one thing, but the next challenge is to use TALENs to cure human disease. Scientists are still working on solving this problem.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gene+editing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_editing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_editing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gene+editing http://genetics.thetech.org/editing-our-dna-molecular-scissors http://genetics.thetech.org/editing-our-dna-molecular-scissors
dna editing definition