At tempera-tures above 11°C. initial losses occurred 30 to 35 d after exposure. At tempera-tures between 7 and 11 C, the incubation period was 60 to 90 d or longer.
BKD Surveillance in England and Wales: 2005-2006 Prior to the start of the targeted surveillance programme for BKD there were two BKD designated fish farms in England and Wales. During the course of the surveillance programme 202 fish farms in England and Wales were tested for BKD. Details of the tests that may lead to official suspicion or confirmation of BKD are given in Table 1. Laboratory test methods A number of laboratory test methods are used to isolate and/or identify R. salmoninarium. These include: culture of the organism on agar plates, ELISA, PCR, histopathology and IFAT. There must be an inspection and sampling programme aimed at the detection of BKD and the control programme must be with a view to eradication of the disease. Sampling for BKD In Scotland, the sampling programme to maintain additional guarantees for BKD commenced in May 2004. Details of the tests that may lead to official suspicion or confirmation of BKD are given in Table 1. Laboratory test methods A number of laboratory test methods are used to isolate and/or identify R. salmoninarium. These include: culture of the organism on agar plates, ELISA, PCR, histopathology and IFAT. Sanders et al. (1978) found that theexperimental incubation period varied with the water temperature. At tempera-tures above 11°C. initial losses occurred 30 to 35 d after exposure. At tempera-tures between 7 and 11 C, the incubation period was 60 to 90 d or longer. SEASONAL Incidence Outbreaks of BKD occur in cultured trout populations more often in thespring than at any other time of the year. Reported cases more than double infrequency in March, peak in May, and nearly cease in July. causing BKD is a small Gram-positive diplobacillus named Renibacterium salm-oninarum (Sanders and Fryer 1980). The pathogen can be transmitted from fishto fish (Mitchum and Sherman 1981) or from adults to their progeny via eggs(Bullock 1980; Bullock et al. 1978) It was observed that after sufficient incubation on Selective Kidney Disease Medium, R. salmoninarum, developed as white, shiny, round, entire with 2 mm in size. This finding is in agreement with the observations of Austin and Austin [10] , Roberts, [12] [9]and Perveez. Experimental infection trials revealed that this bacterium was able to produce the disease symptoms in the both species of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala .More or less similar observation was reported by Parveez [9] . REFERENCES 1. Smith I. W. The occurrence and pathology of Dee disease, Scot. Dept. Bacterial kidney disease is a chronic, debilitating disease, meaning it causes mortality within a population over a long period of time following a protracted incubation period, which is inversely related to water temperature (Sanders et al. 1978). Post-challenge incubation periods usually exceed 100 days at water temperatures experienced during transportation and in the Columbia River estuary (Murray et al. 1992). Infections with RS have been shown to inhibit smoltification and delay salt water entry. Additional information BKD is a notifiable disease. If you suspect the presence of BKD you must contact the relevant Competent Authority – FRS in Scotland and Cefas in England and Wales. Details of the tests that may lead to official suspicion or confirmation of BKD are given in Table 1. Laboratory test methods A number of laboratory test methods are used to isolate and/or identify R. salmoninarium. These include: culture of the organism on agar plates, ELISA, PCR, histopathology and IFAT. Materials and Methods: An outbreak of Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) was recorded during the months of March, April, May, June, 2011 from Upputeru, near Akividu, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 1,680 fishes were screened. Experimental infection trials revealed that this bacterium was able to produce the disease symptoms in the both species of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala .More or less similar observation was reported by Parveez [9] . REFERENCES 1. Smith I. W. The occurrence and pathology of Dee disease, Scot. Dept. In India also, outbreaks of BKD was also reported in different species of freshwater fishes[ 8,9.] .In the present study attempts have been made to identify the causative agent of the BKD in two Indian Major Carp fishes, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Experimental infection trials revealed that this bacterium was able to produce the disease symptoms in the both species of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala .More or less similar observation was reported by Parveez [9] . REFERENCES 1. Smith I. W. The occurrence and pathology of Dee disease, Scot. Dept.
http://www.gov.scot/Uploads/Documents/BKD%20-%20detection%20and%20control%20in%20the%20UK.pdf http://www.gov.scot/Uploads/Documents/BKD%20-%20detection%20and%20control%20in%20the%20UK.pdf http://www.glfc.org/pubs/SpecialPubs/sp83_2/pdf/chap21.pdf http://www.ajpcr.com/Vol6Issue3/146.pdf http://www.bluefish.org/stress.htm http://www.gov.scot/Uploads/Documents/BKD%20-%20detection%20and%20control%20in%20the%20UK.pdf http://www.ajpcr.com/Vol6Issue3/146.pdf http://www.ajpcr.com/Vol6Issue3/146.pdf
incubation period for BKD