Bilirubin (formerly referred to as haematoidin) is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism, caused by the body's clearance of aged red blood cells which contain hemoglobin.Bilirubin consists of an open chain of four pyrrole-like rings (tetrapyrrole).these four rings are connected into a larger ring, called a porphyrin ring.
coproporphyrin. a porphyrin occurring as several isomers; the III isomer, an intermediate in heme biosynthesis, is excreted in the feces and urine in hereditary coproporphyria and variegate porphyria; the I isomer, a side product, is excreted in the feces and urine in congenital erythropoietic porphyria. The largest repository of heme in the human body is in red blood cells, which have a life span of about 120 days. There is thus a turnover of about 6 g/day of hemoglobin, which presents 2 problems. First, the porphyrin ring is hydrophobic and must be solubilized to be excreted. Second, iron must be conserved for new heme synthesis. Normally, senescent red blood cells and heme from other sources are engulfed by cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Heme is oxidized, with the heme ring being opened by the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme, heme oxygenase. The oxidation step requires heme as a substrate, and any hemin (Fe 3+) is reduced to heme (Fe 2+) prior to oxidation by The parent porphyrin is porphin, and substituted porphines are called porphyrins. The porphyrin macrocycle has 26 (delocalized) pi electrons in total, therefore by Hueckel'hückel s rule it is, aromatic possessing+4n 2-π (electrons=n, 4 for the shortest cyclic). path A geoporphyrin, also known as a petroporphyrin, is a porphyrin of geologic origin. They can occur in crude oil, oil shale, coal, or sedimentary rocks. Abelsonite is possibly the only geoporphyrin mineral, as it is rare for porphyrins to occur in isolation and form crystals. 1 Small amounts may be present in the blood. 2  Conjugated bilirubin —formed in the liver when sugars are attached (conjugated) to bilirubin. 3  It enters the bile and passes from the liver to the small intestines and is eventually eliminated in the stool. 4  Normally, no conjugated bilirubin is present in the blood. Bilirubin is ultimately processed by the liver to allow its elimination from the body. Any condition that accelerates the breakdown of RBCs or affects the processing and elimination of bilirubin may cause an elevated blood level. Chlorophyll is a magnesium porphyrin, and heme is an iron porphyrin, but neither porphyrin is present in petroleum. On the other hand, nickel and vanadyl porphyrins could be related to catalytic molecules from bacteria that feed primordial hydrocarbons. A geoporphyrin, also known as a petroporphyrin, is a porphyrin of geologic origin. They can occur in crude oil, oil shale, coal, or sedimentary rocks. Abelsonite is possibly the only geoporphyrin mineral, as it is rare for porphyrins to occur in isolation and form crystals. A bilirubin test is used to detect an increased level in the blood. It may be used to help determine the cause of jaundice and/or help diagnose conditions such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, and blockage of the bile ducts. Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment, a waste product primarily produced by the normal breakdown of heme. Bilirubin is ultimately processed by the liver to allow its elimination from the body. Any condition that accelerates the breakdown of RBCs or affects the processing and elimination of bilirubin may cause an elevated blood level. 1 Unconjugated bilirubin —when heme is released from hemoglobin, it is converted to unconjugated bilirubin. 2  It is carried by proteins to the liver. 3  Small amounts may be present in the blood. 4  Conjugated bilirubin —formed in the liver when sugars are attached (conjugated) to bilirubin. Bilirubin is ultimately processed by the liver to allow its elimination from the body. Any condition that accelerates the breakdown of RBCs or affects the processing and elimination of bilirubin may cause an elevated blood level. Bilirubin (formerly referred to as haematoidin) is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism, caused by the body's clearance of aged red blood cells which contain hemoglobin. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases. Bilirubin consists of an open chain of four pyrrole-like rings (tetrapyrrole). In heme, these four rings are connected into a larger ring, called a porphyrin ring. Bilirubin can be conjugated with a molecule of glucuronic acid which makes it soluble in water (see below). This is an example of glucuronidation
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coproporphyrin http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/heme-porphyrin.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bilirubin/tab/test https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bilirubin/tab/test https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bilirubin/tab/test https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin
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