A covalent bond in RNA or DNA that holds a polynucleotide chain together by joining a phosphate group at position 5 in the pentose sugar of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group at position 3 in the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide.
Biology Glossary search by EverythingBio.com. A bond between a two sugar groups and a phosphate group; such bonds form the sugar-phosphate-sugar backbone of DNA and RNA. A diester bond (between phosphoric acid and two sugar molecules) linking two nucleotides together to form the nucleotide polymers DNA and RNA. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. Phosphodiester bonds are central to all life on Earth, as they make up the backbone of the strands of nucleic acid. In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Strong covalent bonds form between the phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds. The phosphate groups in the phosphodiester bond are negatively charged. phos·pho·di·es·ter bond. n. The covalent chemical bond that holds together the polynucleotide chains of RNA and DNA by joining a specific carbon in the phosphate group in a sugar having five carbons, such as ribose, to a specific carbon in the hydroxyl group of the five-carbon sugar in the adjacent nucleotide. peptide bond. the −CO−NH− linkage formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another; it is an amide linkage joining amino acids to form peptides. phosphoanhydride bond. a high energy bond present in ATP. A phosphodiester bond is a group of strong covalent bonds between a phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds. Phosphodiester bonds a … re central to all life on Earth, as they make up the backbone of the strands of DNA. 1 person found this useful. Making the world better, one answer at a time. A phosphodiester bond is a type of covalent bond. This strong bond is formed between two pentoses and a phosphate group above two bonds of ester. A hydroxyl group (or-OH) in the sugar and one of the oxygen atoms in the phosphate group form what's called a diester bond. For this reason, the bond between the phosphate group and the sugar in a polynucleotide molecule is called a phosphodiester bond. A polynucleotide is a nucleic acid molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. Nucleotides in a polynucleotide molecule are held together by a bond between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of a second nucleotide, which Medical Definition of PHOSPHODIESTER BOND. : a covalent bond in RNA or DNA that holds a polynucleotide chain together by joining a phosphate group at position 5 in the pentose sugar of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group at position 3 in the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide—called also phosphodiester linkage. Tweet. : a covalent bond in RNA or DNA that holds a polynucleotide chain together by joining a phosphate group at position 5 in the pentose sugar of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group at position 3 in the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide—called also phosphodiester linkage. Phosphodiester Bonds. Let's breakdown the term: 'Phospho-' refers to the element phosphorus, '-di-' means two, and '-ester' refers to a specific type of chemical bond that includes a single atom bound to two oxygen atoms. So, a phosphodiester bond is a phosphorus atom involved in two ester bonds. That may sound complicated, but it really is simple once you see it in action. Let's look closer at the structure of DNA. DNA nucleotides are linked by having a phosphate shared between two deoxyribose sugars on adjacent nucleotides.
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what is a phosphodiester bonds.