h = u + P v = u + RT.
3 www.pv-tech.org Power Generation of approximately 2.5 to 3.5%, which varies as a function of the oxygen content of the wafers [8]. This is clearly reflected in tier 1 crystalline silicon manufacturers’ warranties that discount module power output by 3% in year one [9]. The nameplate d.c. power rating is determined by summing the module powers listed on the nameplates on the backsides of the individual PV modules in the PV array. The PV module power ratings are for STC of 1000 W/m 2 solar irradiance and 25°C cell temperature. Contour plots of the relative PV array energy yield regarding the horizontal surface as a function of a fixed orientation and tilt for March, June, September and December as well as the whole year for Portorož in the Mediterranean part of Slovenia. The temperature coefficient expresses the rate of change of power output as a function of module operating temperature. Crystalline silicon solar modules typically have a temperature coefficient of –0.45 to –0.5% per degree Celsius [1,2]. That is, u = u(T). Using the definition of enthalpy and the equation of state of ideal gas to yield, h = u + P v = u + RT. Since R is a constant and u = u(T), it follows that the enthalpy of an ideal gas is also a function of temperature only. h = h(T). Since u and h depend only on the temperature for an ideal gas, the constant volume and constant pressure specific heats c v and c p also depend on the The actual value of the temperature coefficient, in particular, depends not only on the PV material but on T ref, as well. It is given by the ratio 1 ref oref TT (4) in which T o is the (high) temperature at, Garg and Agarwal [19].
http://www.firstsolar.com/~/media/documents/white-papers/pvi_17_hightemperatureperformance_firstsolar_pv_plants_whitepaper.ashx http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/37358.pdf http://www.intechopen.com/books/energy-management-systems/orientation-and-tilt-dependence-of-a-fixed-pv-array-energy-yield-based-on-measurements-of-solar-ener http://www.firstsolar.com/~/media/documents/white-papers/pvi_17_hightemperatureperformance_firstsolar_pv_plants_whitepaper.ashx http://www.ecourses.ou.edu/cgi-bin/ebook.cgi?topic=th&chap_sec=03.4&page=theory http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610213000829
pv yield as a function of temperature