Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. For another twenty years, the mechanism by which ATP is generated remained mysterious, with scientists searching for an elusive high-energy intermediate that would link oxidation and phosphorylation reactions. This puzzle was solved by Peter D. Mitchell with the publication of the chemiosmotic theory in 1961. Now consider the reaction of glucose + Pi to form glucose-6-P. In this reaction a phosphoester is formed, so the reaction would proceed with a positive D Go = 3.3. Now if ATP was used to transfer the terminal (gamma) phosphate to glucose to form Glc-6-P, the reaction proceeds with a D Go = -4 kcal/mol. The linkage between oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and the phosphorylation of ADP by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate can be artificially uncoupled by adding arsenate, which has a similar structure as phosphate. oxidative phosphorylation the final common pathway of aerobic energy metabolism in which high-energy phosphate bonds are formed by phosphorylation of ADP to ATP coupled with the transfer of electrons along a chain of carrier proteins with molecular oxygen as the final acceptor. It occurs in mitochondria. [ok′sidā′tiv]. an ATP-generating process in which oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor. The process occurs in mitochondria and is the major source of adenosine triphosphate generation in aerobic organisms. enzymic pathways leading to the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen from intermediates in the pathway. oxidative phosphorylation. the mitochondrial process by which the free energy from the oxidation of intracellular substrates is made available in the form of ATP for cellular endergonic processes. [ok′sidā′tiv]. an ATP-generating process in which oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor. The process occurs in mitochondria and is the major source of adenosine triphosphate generation in aerobic organisms. In most biological reactions using ATP, the terminal P of ATP is transferred to a substrate using an enzyme called a kinase. Hence, hexokinase transfers the gamma phosphate from ATP to a hexose sugar. Protein kinase is an enzyme which transfers the gamma phosphate to a protein substrate. The linkage between oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and the phosphorylation of ADP by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate can be artificially uncoupled by adding arsenate, which has a similar structure as phosphate. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. For another twenty years, the mechanism by which ATP is generated remained mysterious, with scientists searching for an elusive high-energy intermediate that would link oxidation and phosphorylation reactions. This puzzle was solved by Peter D. Mitchell with the publication of the chemiosmotic theory in 1961. Oxidative Phosphorylation. The actual synthesis of ATP resulting from energy transfer of the ETS is catalyzed by proton translocating ATP synthase (Complex V). One clue to the mechanism of the synthesis is that Complex V is physically separate from the ETS. Remember, however, that the ETS and oxidation phosphorylation are tightly coupled. Remember that oxidative phosphorylation is tightly coupled to electron transport. This means that blocking of the ETS system will prevent oxidative phosphorylation and, importantly, that the reverse is true also-blocking oxidative phosphorylation stops oxidative phosphorylation the final common pathway of aerobic energy metabolism in which high-energy phosphate bonds are formed by phosphorylation of ADP to ATP coupled with the transfer of electrons along a chain of carrier proteins with molecular oxygen as the final acceptor. It occurs in mitochondria. oxidative breakdown of amino acids; specialized enzyme systems carry out the process, e.g. d-amino oxidase. oxidative metabolism. enzymic pathways leading to the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen from intermediates in the pathway. Rather, it is transduced into a more useful form of chemical energy in the molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This chapter will discuss the properties that make ATP so useful biologically, and how exergonic biological oxidation reactions are coupled to the synthesis of ATP. The linkage between oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and the phosphorylation of ADP by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate can be artificially uncoupled by adding arsenate, which has a similar structure as phosphate. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor. For another twenty years, the mechanism by which ATP is generated remained mysterious, with scientists searching for an elusive high-energy intermediate that would link oxidation and phosphorylation reactions. This puzzle was solved by Peter D. Mitchell with the publication of the chemiosmotic theory in 1961.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/oxphos/olcouplingoxphos.html http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ox+phos http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ox+phos http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/oxphos/olcouplingoxphos.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation http://oregonstate.edu/dept/biochem/hhmi/hhmiclasses/biochem/lectnoteskga/2kfeb07lecturenotes.html http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oxidative+phosphorylation http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/oxphos/olcouplingoxphos.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation
how energy from the ets is coupled with ox phos