A collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.
DNA microarray. In spotted microarrays ,the probes are oligonucleotides, cDNA, or small fragments of PCR products that correspond to mRNAs. Each probe contains a different, characteristic sequence that is specific to a different group of genes under study.These probes are then spotted onto glass substrate to form an array. In oligonucleotide microarrays, the probes are short sequences designed to match parts of the sequence of known or predicted open reading frames. Although oligonucleotide probes are often used in spotted microarrays, the term oligonucleotide array most often refers to a specific technique. DNA microarrays exploit the ability of complementary strands of nucleic acids to base-pair with each other and bind. For example, ATATGCGC will bind to its complement (TATACGCG) with a certain affinity. Aa Aa Aa. Humans have tens of thousands of genes, and the development of DNA microarrays by Patrick O. Brown, Joseph DeRisi, David Botstein, and colleagues in the mid-1990s made it possible to examine the expression of thousands of genes at once. Overview. DNA microarray technology is a new and powerful means of analyzing genomes and characterizing patterns of gene expression. Its applications are widespread across the many fields of plant and animal biological and biomedical research.  A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10 −12 moles) of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes (or reporters or oligos). DNA microarrays can be used to detect DNA (as in comparative genomic hybridization), or detect RNA (most commonly as cDNA after reverse transcription) that may or may not be translated into proteins. The process of measuring gene expression via cDNA is called expression analysis or expression profiling. DNA microarray analysis is one of the fastest-growing new technologies in the field of genetic research. Scientists are using DNA microarrays to investigate everything from cancer to pest control. Now you can do your own DNA microarray experiment! DNA microarray analysis is a technique that scientists use to determine whether genes are on or off. Scientists know a gene is on in a cell if its mRNA is present. DNA Arrays. In the 1990s, DNA arrays provided the means to analyze patterns of gene expression at different timepoints in a living cell. DNA microarrays often consist of glass slides with spots of attached DNA fragments. In the 1990s, DNA arrays provided the means to analyze patterns of gene expression at different timepoints in a living cell. SOURCE: DNAi. 15992. DNA microarrays. DNA microarrays provide 1 Each spot on a microarray contains multiple identical strands of DNA. 2  The DNA sequence on each spot is unique. 3  Each spot represents one gene. 4  Thousands of spots are arrayed in orderly rows and columns on a solid surface (usually glass). DNA microarray analysis is a technique that scientists use to determine whether genes are on or off. Scientists know a gene is on in a cell if its mRNA is present. The core principle behind microarrays is hybridization between two DNA strands, the property of complementary nucleic acid sequences to specifically pair with each other by forming hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs. DNA microarrays can be used to detect DNA (as in comparative genomic hybridization), or detect RNA (most commonly as cDNA after reverse transcription) that may or may not be translated into proteins. The process of measuring gene expression via cDNA is called expression analysis or expression profiling.
http://dnamicroarray.net/ http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Genetic-Diagnosis-DNA-Microarrays-and-Cancer-1017 http://dna-microarrays.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/ https://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/dnaarray.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray
what are dna microarrays