Electric current
A perfect insulator does not exist, because even insulators contain small numbers of mobile charges (charge carriers) which can carry current. In addition, all insulators become electrically conductive when a sufficiently large voltage is applied that the electric field tears electrons away from the atoms. 1 Pin type insulator-As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is mounted on a pin on the cross-arm on the pole. 2  There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator. 3  The conductor passes through this groove and is tied to the insulator with annealed wire of the same material as the conductor. Make certain that you leave enough of the wire unwound so that you can attach the battery. When you wrap the wire around the nail, make certain that you wrap the wire all in one direction. You need to do this because the direction of a magnet field depends on the direction of the electric current creating it. Just make certain that the material you choose can be magnetized. You can test your core with a permanent magnet. If a permanent magnet is not attracted to your core, it will not make a good electromagnet. An aluminum bar, for example, is not a good choice for your magnet's core. What you need to learn yet is how the capacitor is used in a circuit-what it does when you use it. That's the topic of the next section. If you can learn that then you can begin to learn some of the things that you can do with a capacitor. Capacitors are a very interesting kind of component. Capacitors are one large reason why electrical engineers have to learn calculus, especially about derivatives. Static electricity. 1  happens when there is a build-up of electrons. 2  it stays in one place and then jumps to an object. 3  it does not need a closed circuit to flow. 4  it is the kind of electricity you feel when you rub your pullover against an object or when you drag your feet over a carpet. A battery has liquid or paste in it that helps it produce electric charges. The flat end of the battery has a negative charge and the end with the bump has a positive charge. When you link a wire between both ends a current flows. Insulators are materials that have just the opposite effect on the flow of electrons. They do not let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another. Insulators are materials whose atoms have tightly bound electrons. These electrons are not free to roam around and be shared by neighboring atoms.  An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely, and therefore make it impossible to conduct an electric current under the influence of an electric field. 1 Pin type insulator-As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is mounted on a pin on the cross-arm on the pole. 2  There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator. 3  The conductor passes through this groove and is tied to the insulator with annealed wire of the same material as the conductor. Materials that lack electron conduction are insulators if they lack other mobile charges as well. For example, if a liquid or gas contains ions, then the ions can be made to flow as an electric current, and the material is a conductor. 1 Pin type insulator-As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is mounted on a pin on the cross-arm on the pole. 2  There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator. 3  The conductor passes through this groove and is tied to the insulator with annealed wire of the same material as the 1. Electric currents are not just flows of electrons; they are flows of electric charge. Both protons and electrons posses exactly the same amount of 'electricity.' If either the protons *OR* the electrons flow, that flow is an electric current. To aid your understanding, imagine a large wheel. If you give it a spin, the entire wheel moves as a unit, and this is how you transmit mechanical energy almost instantly to all parts of the wheel's rim. But the wheel itself didn't move very fast. The material of the wheel is like the electrons in a wire. 1 The definition of electricity is the flow of charge. 2  Usually our charges will be carried by free-flowing electrons. 3  Negatively-charged electrons are loosely held to atoms of conductive materials. 4  With a little push we can free electrons from atoms and get them to flow in a generally uniform direction. The atom’s electrons aren’t all forever bound to the atom. The electrons on the outer orbit of the atom are called valence electrons. With enough outside force, a valence electron can escape orbit of the atom and become free. Free electrons allow us to move charge, which is what electricity is all about. When electrons move through a conductor an electric current is created. A current that always flows in one direction is called a direct current (DC). A battery for example, produces a direct current. A current that flows back and forth is called an alternating current (AC). A battery has liquid or paste in it that helps it produce electric charges. The flat end of the battery has a negative charge and the end with the bump has a positive charge. When you link a wire between both ends a current flows.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electrical%29 http://education.jlab.org/qa/electromagnet.html http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/eLessonsHTML/LC/Capac1.htm http://www.english-online.at/science/electricity/electricity.htm https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/conductorsinsulators.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electrical%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_%28electrical%29 http://www.austincc.edu/wkibbe/truth.htm https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-electricity http://www.english-online.at/science/electricity/electricity.htm
what type of materials do you need to keep charges flowing?