Rna polymerase using one strand of the gene as a template to synthesize a strand of messenger RNA.
First of all, since RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from 5' to 3' (just like DNA polymerase) the DNA template strand has to be read from 3' to 5' (just like when DNA polymerase uses a DNA template strand to synthesize a new complementary DNA strand). During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) using one strand of the gene as a template. Basics of Transcription [edit]. Traewf Transcription is similar to DNA replication in that DNA is used as a template to make a new nucleotide strand (RNA). The newly synthesized RNA strands are complementary to the DNA template strand. Transcription can be broken down into 3 steps: 1. Initiation.  The starting point for transcription, where RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and begins to make a complementary mRNA copy, is the promoter site; the region of DNA that is the endpoint of transcription is the terminator site; mRNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) using one strand of the gene as a template. b. The templates: DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase use DNA as a template, whereas telomerase copies an RNA template that is part of the enzyme. Reverse transcriptase uses RNA as a template in the life cycle of retroviruses and retrotransposons, but in vitro it can use either DNA or RNA as a template. 10.3 Elongation of transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase proceeds at about 50 nucleotides per sec. Therefore, the rRNA primary transcript would be synthesized in 6500 nucleotides /50 nucleotides per sec = 130 sec, or slightly over 2 min. One strand of the DNA, the template strand (or noncoding strand), is used as a template for RNA synthesis. As transcription proceeds, RNA polymerase traverses the template strand and uses base pairing complementarity with the DNA template to create an RNA copy. In virology, the term may also be used when referring to mRNA synthesis from an RNA molecule (i.e., RNA replication). For instance, the genome of a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA -) virus may be template for a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA +). Only one of the two DNA strands serve as a template for transcription. The antisense strand of DNA is read by RNA polymerase from the 3' end to the 5' end during transcription (3' → 5'). The complementary RNA is created in the opposite direction, in the 5' → 3' direction, matching the sequence of the sense strand with the exception of switching uracil for thymine. In virology, the term may also be used when referring to mRNA synthesis from an RNA molecule (i.e., RNA replication). For instance, the genome of a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA -) virus may be template for a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA +). RNA and Protein Synthesis. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) using one strand of the gene as a template. mRNA is synthesized using nucleotides that contain the bases A, C, G, and U (instead of T), which pair with the complementary bases of the DNA template strand Transcription by RNA polymerase. An RNA strand is synthesized in the 5′ → 3′ direction from a locally single stranded region of DNA. (After E. J. Gardner, M. J. Simmons, and D. P. Snustad, Principles of Genetics, (more...). Figure 10-6. Transcription of two genes. (a) RNA polymerase moves from the 3′ end of the template strand, creating an RNA strand that grows in a 5′ → 3′ direction (because it must be antiparallel to the template strand). Compare RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase (RNAP or RNApol), also known as DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. In cells, RNAP is necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. It then produces an RNA chain, which is complementary to the template DNA strand. The process of adding nucleotides to the RNA strand is known as elongation; in eukaryotes, RNAP can build chains as long as 2.4 million nucleotides (the full length of the dystrophin gene). The specific type of RNA that carries the information stored in DNA to other areas of the cell is called messenger RNA, or mRNA. Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA template strand and begins assembling a new chain of nucleotides to produce a complementary RNA strand. There are multiple types of types of RNA. In eukaryotes, there are multiple types of RNA polymerase which make the various types of RNA. In RNA, however, a base called uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as the complementary nucleotide to adenine (Figure 3). This means that during elongation, the presence of adenine in the DNA template strand tells RNA polymerase to attach a uracil in the corresponding area of the growing RNA strand (Figure 4).
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap08/lecture3.htm https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Transcription http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap08/lecture3.htm http://www.bx.psu.edu/~ross/workmg/Answers_Part_Three.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics) http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap08/lecture3.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22085/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/The-Information-in-DNA-Is-Decoded-by-6524808
rna polymerase uses what as a template to synthesize what