Formation of glucose within the animal body from precursors other than carbohydrates especially by the liver and kidney using amino acids from proteins, glycerol from fats, or lactate produced by muscle during anaerobic glycolysis—called also glyconeogenesis.
Medical Definition of GLUCONEOGENESIS. : formation of glucose within the animal body from precursors other than carbohydrates especially by the liver and kidney using amino acids from proteins, glycerol from fats, or lactate produced by muscle during anaerobic glycolysis—called also glyconeogenesis. : formation of glucose within the animal body especially by the liver from substances (as fats and proteins) other than carbohydrates. Gluconeogenesis Definition. The literal meaning of Gluconeogenesis is GLUCO – glucose; NEO – new; GENESIS – creation. Thus Gluconeogenesis is a biochemical term that describes the synthesis of glucose or glycogen from substances which are not carbohydrates. Basically Gluconeogenesis is the reversal of Glycolysis which is the process of breaking down of glucose to produce energy. [ 1 ]Glycolysis proceeds to another energy cycle called Citric acid cycle by forming a substance called pyruvate. So, Gluconeogenesis is just the reversal of Glycolysis – starting with pyruvate. In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, glycerol (which is a part of the triacylglycerol molecule), alanine and glutamine. Altogether, they account for over 90% of the overall gluconeogenesis. 1 The final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose, occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where glucose-6-phosphate is hydrolyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase to produce glucose and release an inorganic phosphate. gluconeogenesis. (gloo´kōnē´ōjen´əsis), n the formation of glycogen or glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (e.g., the glycogenic amino acids, glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate) by pathways mainly involving the citric acid cycle and glycolysis. Compare: glyconeogenesis. synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors mainly in the liver and to a smaller extent in the renal cortex. Precursors include pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and the glucogenic amino acids derived from skeletal muscle. Gluconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. In ruminants, this tends to be a continuous process. 1 The final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose, occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where glucose-6-phosphate is hydrolyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase to produce glucose and release an inorganic phosphate. Definition of GLUCONEOGENESIS. : formation of glucose within the animal body especially by the liver from substances (as fats and proteins) other than carbohydrates. ADVERTISEMENT. New Latin. First Known Use: 1912. : formation of glucose within the animal body especially by the liver from substances (as fats and proteins) other than carbohydrates gluconeogenesis. the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, propionate and glycerol. It occurs primarily in the liver and kidneys whenever the supply of carbohydrates is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic demands or in the rumen by the action of bacteria in well-fed ruminants. Compare: glyconeogenesis. synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors mainly in the liver and to a smaller extent in the renal cortex. Precursors include pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and the glucogenic amino acids derived from skeletal muscle. Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. 1 The final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose, occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where glucose-6-phosphate is hydrolyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase to produce glucose and release an inorganic phosphate.
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gluconeogenesis meaning