Sensory nerve
The sciatic nerve is composed of a lateral and medial division enclosed in a common sheath, with no exchange of fascicles. The lateral division is the common peroneal nerve or the lateral popliteal nerve, and the medial division is the tibial nerve or the medial popliteal nerve. A sensory nerve composed of axons from the tibial and common fibular nerves in the posterior leg. It runs superficially along the posterior leg and lateral side of the foot and innervates the skin along its route. In the popliteal fossa, the tibial nerve gives off cutaneous branches. These combine with branches from the common fibular nerve to form the sural nerve. This sensory nerve innervates the skin of the posterolateral side of the leg and the lateral side of the foot. 1 Sciatic nerve – The sciatic nerve is the largest single nerve in the body, extending from the back of the pelvis down the back of the thigh. 2  It is the primary nerve of the leg and is responsible for innervating the muscles in the hip and lower limbs (including the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve). The sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common peroneal nerve about 5-12 cm proximal to the popliteal crease. The sciatic nerve has a common epineural sheath that envelops the nerve trunks of the tibial and common peroneal nerve from their origin in the pelvis. By Mamatha Pasnoor MD. A review of the anatomy of the peroneal nerve is essential to understanding the causes and the clinical manifestations. The sciatic nerve is composed of 2 separate nerves: the common peroneal nerve (also called lateral popliteal nerve) and the tibial nerve (also called medial popliteal nerve). Both share a common sheath within the sciatic nerve but do not exchange any fascicles. The sciatic nerve branches into the tibial and common peroneal nerves in the apex of the popliteal fossa. The common peroneal nerve winds around the proximal neck of the fibula to reach the anterior leg where it divides into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves. This nerve is one of the lower branches of the sciatic nerve of the leg. It supplies movement and sensation to the calf and foot muscles. A problem in function with a single nerve group, such as the tibial nerve, is called mononeuropathy.
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