Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication.
At first, telegraph messages were transmitted by trained code users, but in 1914 a form of automatic transmission was developed. This made the message transmission much faster. At the turn of the 20th century, all long-distance communication depended heavily on the telegraph. In 1864, top telegraph company Western Union operated on 44,000 miles of wire and was valued at $10 million. Within the next year, its worth had jumped to $21 million. It is estimated that between 1857 and 1867 the company's value grew by 11,000 percent. The practical electric telegraph system was invented by Samuel Morse in 1837. After Joseph Henry discovered electric induction in 1831, enabling further development in electrical telegraphy, the first practical telegraph was invented by Dr. David Alter of Elderton, Pennsylvania, in 1836. One reason for the success of Morse's system was that it could be operated over a single wire of lesser quality, and over a long distance. Telegraph wires were strung along railroad lines in many areas. Introduction. Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.  In 1853, Julius Wilhelm Gintl in Vienna, Austria discovered a way to send two telegraph messages in opposite directions down the same wire. This technology was not commercially successful until 1871, when it was improved by the duplex system of inventor J. B. Stearns. Within a year or two, Western Union and other telegraph companies were using diplex telegraphs on their busiest lines in major cities. In 1874, Thomas Edison invented the first quadruplex telegraph, which was capable of sending two messages simultaneously in each direction. In 1809, a crude telegraph was invented in Bavaria by Samuel Soemmering. He used 35 wires with gold electrodes in water and at the receiving end 2000 feet the message was read by the amount of gas caused by electrolysis.  The telegraph lines from Britain to India were connected in 1870 (those several companies combined to form the Eastern Telegraph Company in 1872). Australia was first linked to the rest of the world in October 1872 by a submarine telegraph cable at Darwin. This brought news reportage from the rest of the world.  For the first time man could communicate with another from a great distance changing everything from how wars were fought to how people dated and fell in love. It’s creation, along with the steam engine, was one of the key inventions to the industrial age. The first electrical telegraph would not come into the light until April 9, 1839 when Sir William Fothergill Cooke’s invention was used in the Great Western Railway in Great Britan, which ran for thirteen miles, from Paddington station to West Drayton. The original line was operated until May 1869 when the transcontinental railroad was completed and the telegraph lines were then moved to follow its route. The 1861 Transcontinental Telegraph is an IEEE Milestone. The telegraph, invented by Samuel Morse in the 1830s, was a major advance in the speed of communications. Before its invention, the time it took to send a message depended on the speed of horses or ships. The first transcontinental telegraph line was built in 1861 by the Western Union Telegraph Company. The line extended from Omaha, Nebraska to Carson City, Nevada and was the first high-speed link between California and the rest of the United States.
http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/150/1830.xhtml http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_the_telegraph http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/telegraph http://ethw.org/Quadruplex_Telegraph http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph http://www.personal.psu.edu/jtk187/art2/telegraph.htm http://ethw.org/Transcontinental_Telegraph_Line_(U.S.)
when were telegraph were discovered