Neurotoxins and Hemotoxins
Some types of snakes have an extremely efficient mechanism of injecting venom with a single strike, others have poor success in doing so. The amount of venom produced by snakes that is available for secretion with a bite also varies between kinds of snakes, and between individuals (usually by size) of any one species. Toxicity of venoms is usually expressed by the LD50: the lowest dose that kills 50% of a group of experimental animals (most often rodents). That dose varies not just between the venoms tested, but also depends on which species of prey animals receive the venom. The reptiles most known to use venom are snakes, some species of which inject venom into their prey via fangs. Snake venom is produced by glands below the eye (the mandibular gland) and delivered to the victim through tubular or channeled fangs. Venomous snake bites may cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, swelling, tissue necrosis, low blood pressure, convulsions, hemorrhage (varying by species of snake), respiratory paralysis, kidney failure, coma and death. Snake venom is a highly modified saliva that contains many different powerful toxins. There are at least 2.500 species of snakes living at the present time of which over 600 are known to produce venom.  There are approximately 20 types of toxic enzymes found in snake poisons throughout the world known to man. Although no venomous snake has all of these toxins, most snakes employ between six to twelve of these enzymes in their venom. Each of these enzymes has its own special function. Snake venom usually contains two types of toxin: Hemolytic toxins which attack the walls of blood vessels, and Neurotoxins which attack the nervous system. Snake venoms are generally produced in specific venom glands, derived from salivary glands, the exception being Duvernoys glands in some Colubrid species. The venom, once produced, is delivered by a duct to the fang base, where it is transported into the victim either by a groove in the fang, or through a fang duct.  Symptoms of snake bites. Adder and foreign snake bites can cause similar symptoms. There are two types of snake bite: 1  dry bites – where the snake injects no venom (liquid containing toxins produced by the snake). 2  venomous bites – where the snake injects venom.  1) The elapines, short front fangs (Proteroglyphs) snakes, which include the cobra, mamba, and coral snakes, their venom is neurotoxic (nerve toxins) and paralyses the respiratory centre. (Vipers, pit vipers). A metalloprotease is a protease (hydrolyses proteins) that uses a metal ion as a catalyst. Snake venom often contains many metallo-proteases, some of which are hemorrhagic (profuse bleeding) toxins. Metalloproteases often contribute to severe necrotic changes in tissues after envenomation. Venom is a form of toxin secreted by an animal for the purpose of causing harm to another. Venom is injected into victims by means of a bite, sting or other sharp body feature, which differentiates it from poison (that is absorbed, consumed or inhaled). Venomous snake bites may cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, swelling, tissue necrosis, low blood pressure, convulsions, hemorrhage (varying by species of snake), respiratory paralysis, kidney failure, coma and death. Best Answer: neurotoxins and hemotoxins Almost all venoms are composed of approximately 90% proteins. Two general types of toxins are known, neurotoxins and hemotoxins. Neurotoxic venom attacks the victim's central nervous system and usually result in heart failure and/or breathing difficulties. Cobras, mambas, sea snakes, kraits and coral snakes are examples of snakes that contain mainly neurotoxic venom. Snake venom usually contains two types of toxin: Hemolytic toxins which attack the walls of blood vessels, and Neurotoxins which attack the nervous system. There are approximately 20 types of toxic enzymes found in snake poisons throughout the world known to man. Although no venomous snake has all of these toxins, most snakes employ between six to twelve of these enzymes in their venom. Each of these enzymes has its own special function. Some aid in the digestive process, while others specialize in paralysing the prey. (Vipers, pit vipers). A metalloprotease is a protease (hydrolyses proteins) that uses a metal ion as a catalyst. Snake venom often contains many metallo-proteases, some of which are hemorrhagic (profuse bleeding) toxins. Metalloproteases often contribute to severe necrotic changes in tissues after envenomation.
http://www.snakesofga.com/whats_venom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venom http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Snake_venom https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006050721699 http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?staticaction=snakes/ns-snvenom.htm http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Bites-snake/Pages/Symptoms.aspx http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/stoneley/types.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venom https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006050721699 http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/stoneley/types.htm
types of toxins produced by snakes