chrysanthemum
They are all perennial plants with a daisy-like appearance and white petals. 1  T. cinerariifolium is called the Dalmatian chrysanthemum, denoting its origin in that region of the Balkans (Dalmatia). 2  It looks more like the common daisy than other pyrethrums do. 1 C. coccineum, the Persian chrysanthemum, is a perennial plant native to Caucasus and looks somewhat like a daisy. 2  It produces large white, pink or red flowers. 3  The leaves resemble those of ferns, and the plant grows to between 30 and 60 cm in height. 1 It looks more like the common daisy than other pyrethrums do. 2  Its flowers, typically white with yellow centers, grow from numerous fairly rigid stems. 3  Plants have blue-green leaves and grow to 45 to 100 cm in height. 4  The plant is economically important as a natural source of insecticide. 1 C. coccineum, the Persian chrysanthemum, is a perennial plant native to Caucasus and looks somewhat like a daisy. 2  It produces large white, pink or red flowers. 3  The leaves resemble those of ferns, and the plant grows to between 30 and 6 Pyrethrins are the natural insecticide found in daisy like Chrysanthemum flowers grown and harvested in Kenya, Africa and Australia. Pyrethrin is considered a Botanical “natural” insecticide because it is derived from plants. Source: http://www.agrihealthcare.com/natural-insecticide-pyrethrin/.  1 T. cinerariifolium is called the Dalmatian chrysanthemum, denoting its origin in that region of the Balkans (Dalmatia). 2  It looks more like the common daisy than other pyrethrums do. 3  Its flowers, typically white with yellow centers, grow from numerous fairly rigid stems. 1 C. coccineum, the Persian chrysanthemum, is a perennial plant native to Caucasus and looks somewhat like a daisy. 2  It produces large white, pink or red flowers. 3  The leaves resemble those of ferns, and the plant grows to between 30 and 60 cm in height. Because they are biodegradable compounds, pyrethrins are now widely regarded as being preferable to pyrethroids, which is the name of a group of synthetic analogues of pyrethrin that accumulate in the environment. Pyrethrins are considered to be low toxicity pesticides from a human health standpoint. Pyrethrin is syntethically made by industrial methods, but it also naturally occurs in the Chrysanthemum flowers, and thus is often considered an organic insecticide, or at least when is not combined with piperonyl butoxide or other synthetic adjuvants. The most commonly available pyrethrum-based insecticides contain extracts from the flowers called pyrethrins. The advantage in the vegetable garden is that a pyrethrin insecticide is effective against a wide variety of hard-to-kill insects like aphids, beetles, leafhoppers, and certain caterpillars. The source of pyrethrum is the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, also called the Dalmation flower. Photo: Pam Peirce There are two types of Pyrethrins found in these flowers-appropriately called Pyrethrin I and Pyrethrin II-they are usually combined in pest control formulas. Pyrethrin should not be confused with pyrethroids (such as Permethrin) which are synthetic insecticides.  Pyrethrins are nature's way of lending gardeners a helping hand when it comes to controlling pests. A group of six chemicals, pyrethrins come from the flowers of the pyrethrum or Dalmatian daisy (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zone 10. Related substances are pyrethrum, which is a mixture of pyrethrins, and pyrethroids, man-made versions of pyrethrins. Dried pyrethrum daisy petals provide pyrethrins, or the chemicals are extracted using solvents. The pyrethrum daisy grows in Ecuador, Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. After the newly opened flowers are harvested, they're dried and crushed into a powder or soaked in solvent to dissolve the pyrethrin-rich oil. They are a mixture of six chemicals that are toxic to insects. Pyrethrins are commonly used to control mosquitoes, fleas, flies, moths, ants, and many other pests. Pyrethrins are generally separated from the flowers. However, they typically contain impurities from the flower. What happens to pyrethrins in the environment In the presence of sunlight, pyrethrin 1, a component of pyrethrins, breaks down rapidly in water and on soil and plant surfaces. Half-lives are 11.8 hours in water and 12.9 hours on soil surfaces. On potato and tomato leaves, less than 3% remained after 5 days.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrum http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/pest-control/make-organic-pyrethrum-spray-zw0z1304zkin.aspx https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrin http://www.vegetablegardener.com/item/5456/pyrethrum-based-insecticides-from-chrysanthemums http://www.picaridin.info/pyrethrin.htm http://www.ehow.com/about_5460803_pyrethrins.html http://www.npic.orst.edu/factsheets/pyrethrins.pdf
what kind of flowers do pyrethrins come from