The Xhosa Wars and the War of Nxele.
The Australian War Memorial's refusal to acknowledge the Frontier Wars between Indigenous Australians and white settlers is historically dishonest and is holding back reconciliation, writes Alan Stephens. The Australian War Memorial is one of Australia's most visited and influential national institutions. A Frontier Wars wing would fundamentally change both the perception Indigenous Australians have of themselves, and the distorted perception many Australians have of our history. About American Militia in the Frontier Wars, 1790-1796. This book is a compilation of the records of the state militia organizations which were authorized and paid by the federal government to fight in the Indian Wars from 1790 until 1796, shortly after Anthony Wayne's legendary victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Ancestry.com. American Militia in the Frontier Wars, 1790-1796 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Original data: Clark, Murtie June. OLD WEST LEGENDS Frontier Wars By Emerson Hough in 1905 The history of the border wars on the American frontier, where the fighting was more like battle than murder, and where the extent of the crimes against law became too large for the law ever to undertake any settlement, would make a long series of bloody volumes. When the railroads came across the Western plains, they brought a man who has been present on the American frontier ever since the revolutionary war, ---- the land boomer. He was in Kentucky in time to rob poor old Daniel Boone of all the lands he thought he owned. The Xhosa Wars (also known as the Cape Frontier Wars or Africa's 100 Years War), were a series of nine wars or flare-ups (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa tribes and European settlers in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa. On the Xhosa side, the Ngqika (known to the Europeans as the Gaika) were the chief tribe engaged in the war, assisted by portions of the Ndlambe, and the Thembu. The Xhosa forces were over ten times greater in number, and had by this time replaced their traditional weapons with modern firearms. By Emerson Hough in 1905. The history of the border wars on the American frontier, where the fighting was more like battle than murder, and where the extent of the crimes against law became too large for the law ever to undertake any settlement, would make a long series of bloody volumes. When the railroads came across the Western plains, they brought a man who has been present on the American frontier ever since the revolutionary war, ---- the land boomer. He was in Kentucky in time to rob poor old Daniel Boone of all the lands he thought he owned. The most common estimates of fatalities in the fighting are at least 20,000 Indigenous Australians and between 2,000 and 2,500 Europeans. However, recent scholarship on the frontier wars in what is now the state of Queensland indicates that Indigenous fatalities may have been significantly higher. Windschuttle's claims led to the so-called ' History wars ' in which historians debated the extent of the conflict between Indigenous Australians and European settlers. The frontier wars are not commemorated at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. The Memorial argues that the Australian frontier fighting is outside its charter as it did not involve Australian military forces The first frontier war began in 1795 when the British established farms along the Hawkesbury River west of Sydney. Some of these settlements were established by soldiers as a means of providing security to the region. Windschuttle's claims led to the so-called ' History wars ' in which historians debated the extent of the conflict between Indigenous Australians and European settlers. The frontier wars are not commemorated at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. The Memorial argues that the Australian frontier fighting is outside its charter as it did not involve Australian military forces The fifth frontier war, also known as the War of Nxele, initially developed from a 1817 judgment by the Cape Colony government about stolen cattle and their restitution by the Xhosa. On the Xhosa side, the Ngqika (known to the Europeans as the Gaika) were the chief tribe engaged in the war, assisted by portions of the Ndlambe, and the Thembu. The Xhosa forces were over ten times greater in number, and had by this time replaced their traditional weapons with modern firearms. The Australian frontier wars were a series of conflicts that were fought between Indigenous Australians and European settlers that spanned a total of 146 years. Windschuttle's claims led to the so-called ' History wars ' in which historians debated the extent of the conflict between Indigenous Australians and European settlers. The frontier wars are not commemorated at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. The Memorial argues that the Australian frontier fighting is outside its charter as it did not involve Australian military force
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-07/stephens-reconciliation-means-recognising-the-frontier-wars/5577436 http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49028 http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-frontierwars.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_Wars http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-frontierwars.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_Wars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars
what were the frontier wars