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DNA, chromosomes and genes. Every cell in your body contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA, the genetic code for your body, exists as two long, paired strands spiraled into a double helix called a chromosome. DNA is like a blueprint that tells your body how to grow and develop These tables give the total number of chromosomes (including sex chromosomes) in a cell nucleus. For example, human cells are diploid and have 22 different types of autosome, each present as two copies, and two sex chromosomes. This gives 46 chromosomes in total. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Chromosomes are made from DNA. Genes are short sections of DNA. Genetically identical cells are produced by a type of cell division called mitosis. In sexual reproduction, a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to produce a new cell. The cell’s nucleus contains chromosomes chromosomes: Rod shaped bodies found in the nucleus of cells that contain genetic information (DNA). made from long DNA molecules. The diagram shows the relationship between the cell, its nucleus, chromosomes in the nucleus, and genes. Nucleus, chromosome and gene. Page: 1  1. 2  2. 3  3. The primary protein components of chromatin are histones that compact the DNA. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells (cells with defined nuclei). Prokaryotic cells have a different organization of their DNA (the prokaryotic chromosome equivalent is called genophore and is localized within the nucleoid region). The structure of chromatin depends on several factors. The overall structure depends on the stage of the cell cycle. The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, 2) to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication. About genes. Genes are found in the DNA in each cell that makes up your body. They control how the cell functions, including how quickly it grows, how often it divides, and how long it lives. Researchers estimate that there are 30,000 different genes in each cell. Genes are located on 46 chromosomes, which are arranged in two sets of 23 chromosomes. You inherit one set of chromosomes from your mother and one set from your father. One chromosome in each set of 23 determines whether you are female or male. Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei such as those found in plants, yeast, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. Each chromosome has one centromere, with one or two arms projecting from the centromere, although, under most circumstances, these arms are not visible as such. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the way genetic information is stored within cells and allows the transmission of information from one generation to the next. Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of most living cells and consist of DNA that is tightly wound into thread-like structures. Additional protein structures called histones support the DNA molecule within the chromosome. Chromosomes and DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic code that allows information to be transferred from one generation to the next. DNA molecules consist of two linear chains that are wrapped around one another forming a double helix structure. Genes are segments of DNA on a chromosome. Each gene is made up of a sequence of four different chemical bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine). The specific sequence determines which protein the cell will build, much as the specific sequence of letters determines words and sentences. Every cell in your body contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA, the genetic code for your body, exists as two long, paired strands spiraled into a double helix called
http://memory.ucsf.edu/ftd/overview/biology/genetics/multiple https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/celldivision/celldivision1.shtml https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/cancer-basics/genetics/genetics-cancer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome http://classroom.synonym.com/four-major-types-chromosomes-14674.html http://memory.ucsf.edu/ftd/overview/biology/genetics/multiple
are dna and chromosomes found in different types of cells