The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (the sensory and motor neurons), and the autonomic nervous system (which regulates body processes such as digestion and heart rate).
All the divisions of the nervous system are based universally on the functions of neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that process information. Like all cells, they are unbelievably complicated in their own right. The Types and Function of Neurons. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (the sensory and motor neurons), and the autonomic nervous system (which regulates body processes such as digestion and heart rate). Neurons communicate through an electrochemical process. Sensory receptors interact with stimuli such as light, sound, temperature, and pain which is transformed into a code that is carried to the brain by a chain of neurons. The behavioral effects of alcohol are produced through its actions on the central nervous system (CNS) and, in particular, the brain. Synaptic transmission—the process by which neurons in the CNS communicate with one another—is a particular target for alcohol actions that alter behavior. How Do Neurons Communicate. When a signal is sent, a neurotransmitter is activated. The neurotransmitter is an chemical compound that is sent from neuron to neuron when information is being transmitted. The neurotransmitter is stored in vessicles in the axon of the neuron. Motor (and other output) neurons: Motor neurons contract muscles and mediate behavior, and other output neurons stimulate glands and organs. Communication neurons: Communication neurons transmit signals from one brain area to another. The exact process is an electrochemical one and the speed in which neurons communicate is so fast that seeing someone drop out of someone's hand and trying to grab for it–a process that requires the image to get into the brain, processed and then a signal sent to your hand–takes around three quarters of a second. Information from one neuron flows to another neuron across a synapse. The synapse contains a small gap separating neurons. The synapse consists of: 1  a presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria and other cell organelles. 2  a postsynaptic ending that contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters.
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/neuroscience-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/neuroscience-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html http://www.gwinnett.k12.ga.us/LilburnES/PromoteGA/biochemistry/Neuron_communication.html http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh313/196-214.htm http://www.tech-faq.com/how-do-neurons-communicate.html http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/neuroscience-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html http://www.tech-faq.com/how-do-neurons-communicate.html https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/synapse.html
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