As the amount of air in this space increases, the pressure against the lung causes the lung to collapse.
There are two types of pneumothorax, tension and simple. Tension pneumothorax. 1  This refers to a condition in which air builds up under pressure and usually totally collapses one or both of the lungs. 2  This causes severe dysfunction of the cardiovascular system. 1 The pressure built up in the lung cavity is not enough to cause cardiovascular dysfunction. 2  The partially collapsed lung may be severe enough to lead to decreased amounts of oxygen in the blood and shortness of breath. A collapse of the lung, also called pneumothorax, occurs when air that normally circulates within the lung leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall, pushing the lung down or causing it to collapse. This causes the affected section of the lung to shut down. In most cases, only a portion of the lung collapses, leaving the rest of the lung intact. A severe lung collapse can cause low blood oxygen levels, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and shock. Surgery. If an air leak from the lung is the underlying cause of the collapse, surgery may be necessary to repair the leak. Your doctors will make two small incisions in your chest and insert a fiber optic camera into one of them to view the lung. 1 Causes of collapsed lung include. 2  trauma to the chest cavity (fractured rib, penetrating trauma from a bullet, knife, or other sharp object), 3  cigarette smoking, 4  drug abuse, and. 5  certain lung diseases. 6  In some cases the lung may collapse without an apparent injury, called spontaneous pneumothorax. 1 There are two types of pneumothorax, tension and simple. 2  Causes of collapsed lung include. 3  trauma to the chest cavity (fractured rib, penetrating trauma from a bullet, knife, or other sharp object), 4  cigarette smoking, 5  drug abuse, and. 6  certain lung diseases. Simple pneumothorax. 1  In a simple pneumothorax, there is usually only partial collapse of a lung. 2  The pressure built up in the lung cavity is not enough to cause cardiovascular dysfunction. 3  The partially collapsed lung may be severe enough to lead to decreased amounts of oxygen in the blood and shortness of breath. 1 The pressure built up in the lung cavity is not enough to cause cardiovascular dysfunction. 2 More specifically, a pneumothorax begins as a hole in the lung, which allows air to escape from inside the lung and inflates the space between the lung and the ribcage. Pressure from this enlarging pocket of air causes the lung to collapse. Atelectasis symptoms include possible chest pain or pressure, cough, and difficulty breathing. Treatment for a collapsed lung includes procedures to re-inflate the affected lung, ease breathing, and increase oxygenation. In rare cases, surgery is required to repair the damaged lung. Causes and Risk Factors. A collapsed lung is often the result of pressure on an airway from outside-a swollen lymph node or fluid between the lining of the lungs and the chest wall, for example-can also cause a lung to collapse. When the airway is blocked, the blood absorbs the air inside the air sacs (alveoli). Symptoms of a collapsed lung vary. They may include: 1  Falling oxygen levels in the blood, which causes the person to look bluish or ashen and can bring on abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). 2  Fever if an infection is present. 1 This result is called a pneumothorax, which is the medical term for a collapsed lung. 2  There are two types of pneumothorax, tension and simple. 3  Causes of collapsed lung include. 4  trauma to the chest cavity (fractured rib, penetrating trauma from a bullet, knife, or other sharp object), 5  cigarette smoking, 6  drug abuse, and. 1 There are two types of pneumothorax, tension and simple. 2  Causes of collapsed lung include. 3  trauma to the chest cavity (fractured rib, penetrating trauma from a bullet, knife, or other sharp object), 4  cigarette smoking, 5  drug abuse, and. 6  certain lung diseases. A collapsed lung (pneumothorax) is a buildup of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall (pleural space). As the amount of air in this space increases, the pressure against the lung causes the lung to collapse. This prevents your lung from expanding properly when you try to breathe in, causing shortness of breath and chest pain. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. Symptoms may include: 1  Shortness of breath (dyspnea), which may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. 2  Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. A pneumothorax (pneumo- + thorax; plural pneumothoraces) is an abnormal collection of air or gas in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall. Like pleural effusion (liquid buildup in that space), pneumothorax may interfere with normal breathing. 
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/page2_em.htm http://www.healthline.com/health/atelectasis http://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/article_em.htm http://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/page2_em.htm http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/collapsed-lung https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Collapsed-Lung-Atelectasis.aspx http://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/article_em.htm http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/collapsed-lung-pneumothorax-topic-overview https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax
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