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Substituents that are bonded to the main chain so that there is a double bond between the main chain and the alkyl group are called alkylidene groups. The simplest is the CH 2 = group, which is called a methylene group; the group CH 3 —CH= is the ethylidene group. Sample Problem 4.1.  Carbon-carbon single and multiple bonds. In the new eFF, carbon-carbon single bonds have the bond-centered closed-shell form as in the old eFF; but double and triple bonds now exist as banana bonds instead of sigma-pi bonds (Figure 5.12). Carbon-carbon bonds are found to be more rigid as well. Previously, had a central carbon-carbon bond distance of 1.708; with the new eFF, it is now a more correct 1.519 (versus an exact value of 1.592). When two sp orbitals are engaged in bonding, it is called a sigma bond. A triple bond is made of two pi bonds and one sigma bond. Examples of compounds with triple bonds include nitrogen gas, the cyanide ion, acetylene and carbon monoxide. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. This is because nitrogen gas is made up of two nitrogen atoms held together by a triple bond. A triple bond is formed when two atoms are sharing three pairs of electrons. Triple bonds between atoms are often represented by three parallel lines. It is important to note that electrons are shared in pairs. Allyl as a functional group is represented as-CH 2 -CH=CH 2. Allyl is considered to be a common name. The term allyl deals with a carbon attached to a carbon in a double bond (that is sp2 hybridized). This is not to be confused with allylic as allylic refers to just a carbon attached to the carbon in the double bond, not the entire group of three carbons. The vinyl group is similar to the allyl group. However, vinyl refers to a group attached directly to an sp 2 hybridized (double bonded) carbon. The vinyl group is represented as-CH=CH 2. This is not to be confused with vinyllic carbons which are only the carbons participating in the double bond, not the entire group. Since the most common chemical transformation of a carbon-carbon double bond is an addition reaction, we might expect the same to be true for carbon-carbon triple bonds. Indeed, most of the alkene addition reactions discussed earlier also take place with alkynes, and with similar regio-and stereoselectivity. Similarly, a triple bond is stronger than a double bond, but not 50% stronger. Here the difference (54 kcal/mole) may be taken as the strength of the second π-bond. The 9 kcal/mole weakening of this second π-bond is reflected in the heat of hydrogenation numbers (36.7 - 28.3 = 8.4). Alkynes occur in some pharmaceuticals, including the contraceptive norethynodrel. A carbon–carbon triple bond is also present in marketed drugs such as the antiretroviral Efavirenz and the antifungal Terbinafine. Molecules called ene-diynes feature a ring containing an alkene (ene) between two alkyne groups (diyne). The triple bond is very strong with a bond strength of 839 kJ/mol. The sigma bond contributes 369 kJ/mol, the first pi bond contributes 268 kJ/mol and the second pi-bond of 202 kJ/mol bond strength. An alkyne is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon triple bond; the simplest member ofthis family is acetylene, HLC'CLH. The chemistry of the carbon–carbon triple bond issimilar in many respects to that of the carbon–carbon double bond; indeed, alkynes andalkenes undergo many of the same addition reactions. The sufﬁx ane in the name of the corresponding alkane is replaced by the sufﬁx yne, and the triple bond is given the lowest possible number.Substituent groups that contain a triple bond (called alkynyl groups) are named by replac-ing the ﬁnal e in the name of the corresponding alkyne with the sufﬁx yl. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A triple bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two in a covalent single bond. The most common triple bond, that between two carbon atoms, can be found in alkynes. Other functional groups containing a triple bond are cyanides and isocyanides. Some diatomic molecules, such as dinitrogen and carbon monoxide are also triple bonded. In skeletal formula the triple bond is drawn as three parallel lines (≡) between the two connected atoms. We find that carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bond lengths are now closer to the correct values. Under the old eFF, carbon-carbon double bonds were nearly the same length as single bonds but under the new eFF are the correct 1.33 length. Carbon-carbon bonds are found to be more rigid as well. Previously, had a central carbon-carbon bond distance of 1.708; with the new eFF, it is now a more correct 1.519 (versus an exact value of 1.592). In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond between two carbon atoms. The triple bond is very strong with a bond strength of 839 kJ/mol. The sigma bond contributes 369 kJ/mol, the first pi bond contributes 268 kJ/mol and the second pi-bond of 202 kJ/mol bond strength.
http://people.uwec.edu/lewisd/nomenclature/ch_04.pdf http://www.wag.caltech.edu/home/jsu/Thesis/node46.html http://study.com/academy/lesson/triple-bond-definition-examples-quiz.html https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Organic_Chemistry/Naming https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/addyne1.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne http://www.saplinglearning.com/media/loudon/loudon5ech14sec01.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bond http://www.wag.caltech.edu/home/jsu/Thesis/node46.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne
is a carbon triple bond called allyl