Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.
Korematsu was arrested for violating the order. The Supreme Court found, based on the precedent of Hirabayashi v. United States, that the Government Order was not based on racial prejudice, but based on the fear of an incident similar to Pearl Harbor. Fred Korematsu was a Japanese American living in California who, after being ordered into a Japanese internment camp, refused to leave his city. Korematsu claimed that the Executive Order violated his personal rights as specified by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2015). Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. The opinion, written by Supreme Court justice Hugo Black, held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Fred Korematsu 's individual rights, and the rights of Americans of Japanese descent. Korematsu had been arrested by the FBI for failing to report for relocation and was convicted in federal court in September 1942. The U.S. Supreme Court, in a sharply divided 6–3 decision, upheld Korematsu’s conviction in late 1944. The majority opinion, written by Justice Hugo Black, rejected the plaintiff’s discrimination argument and upheld the government’s right to relocate citizens in the face of wartime emergency.  Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1943), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the application of curfews against members of a minority group were constitutional when the nation was at war with the country from which that group originated. In light of the appeal proceedings before the U.S. Supreme in Hedges v. Obama, the lawyers asked Verrili to request the Supreme Court overrule its 1943 decisions in Korematsu, Hirabayashi and Yasui. Check local listings. Korematsu v. United States (1944). Early in World War II, on February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, granting the U.S. military the power to ban tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas deemed critical to domestic security. In defiance of the order, Fred Korematsu, an American-born citizen of Japanese descent, refused to leave his home in San Leandro, California. Duly convicted, he appealed, and in 1944 his case reached the Supreme Court. Gibbons v. Ogden(1824). was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. The case was argued by some of America's most admired and capable attorneys at the time. United States v. Nixon, (1974). was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision. It was a unanimous 8-0 ruling falling against President Richard Nixon and was important to the late stages of the Watergate scandal. It is considered a crucial precedent limiting the power of any U.S. president. His case went to the Supreme Court where it was decided that exclusion orders based on Executive Order 9066 were in fact constitutional. Therefore, his conviction was upheld. Significance of Korematsu v. United States: The Korematsu decision was significant because it ruled that the United States government had the right to exclude and forcibly move people from designated areas based on their race. The decision was 6-3 that the need to protect the United States from espionage and other wartime acts was more important than Korematsu's individual rights. Even though Korematsu's conviction was eventually overturned in 1983, the Korematsu ruling concerning the creation of exclusion orders has never been overturned. Koramatsu believed that forced residency was illegal. Korematsu brought his case to the Supreme Court by stating that imprisonment of his people was a direct violation of civil liberties and the human rights afforded to American citizens in the United States Constitution. The case of Korematsu v. United States was decided on December 18th of 1944. The case of Korematsu v. United States took place on December 18th of 1944. The trial was initiated by Korematsu in response to Roosevelt’s executive order. Fred Korematsu refused to obey the wartime order to leave his home and report to a relocation camp for Japanese Americans. He was arrested and convicted. After losing in the Court of Appeals, he appealed to the United States Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality of the deportation order. The Court's Decision. The Supreme Court upheld the order excluding persons of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast war zone during World War II. Three justices dissented. Justice Hugo Black delivered the opinion of the Court. In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court held that the wartime internment of American citizens of Japanese descent was constitutional. Above, Japanese Americans at a government-run internment camp during World War II. In defiance of the order, Fred Korematsu, an American-born citizen of Japanese descent, refused to leave his home in San Leandro, California. Duly convicted, he appealed, and in 1944 his case reached the Supreme Court.
http://constitution.laws.com/supreme-court-decisions/korematsu-v-united-states https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korematsu_v._United_States http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5151/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirabayashi_v._United_States http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/personality/landmark_korematsu.html https://quizlet.com/25061975/supreme-court-cases-flash-cards/ http://americanhistory.about.com/od/supremecourtcases/p/korematsu.htm http://kids.laws.com/korematsu-v-united-states http://www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar18.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/personality/landmark_korematsu.html
what was the supreme court decision in korematsu vs us