Liquids and gases.
1 3. 8 Characteristics of a fluid 2.2.2 Dimension All physical quantities are expressed in combinations of base units. 2  The index number of the combination of base units expressing a certain physical quantity is called the dimension, as follows. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2  13. 3  18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4  As this value changes from 0 to 00, as shown in Fig. 182 Chapter 7 • Fluids on the Move NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids Fluids have certain characteristics that defi ne them as fl uids. For example, fl uids do not have a defi nite shape of their own. Instead, both gases and liquids take the shape of their container (Figure 1). NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids 185 Types of Flow Fluid fl ow can be divided into two main patterns—laminar fl ow and turbulent fl ow. Laminar fl ow is smooth and regular; turbulent fl ow is choppy and irregular (Figure 7). Laminar fl ow is when fl uids move in orderly lines or along smooth pathways The major states or phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Since liquids and gases have some common characteristics that are different than solids, they are called fluids. Plasmas may also be considered fluids, although their properties are not quite the same. Liquids take on shape of sphere. A liquid in space will form the natural shape of a sphere. This is because the attraction between its atoms or molecules is greater than the forces from their kinetic energy moving outward. A sphere is a shape with the smallest surface area for a given volume of material. In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. Fluids can be defined as substances that have zero shear modulus or in simpler terms a fluid is a substance which cannot resist any shear force applied to it. 1 1. Characteristics of a fluid Fluids are divided into liquids and gases. 2  A liquid is hard to compress and as in the ancient saying ‘Water takes the shape of the vessel containing it’, it changes its shape according to the shape of its container with an upper free surface. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2  13. 3  18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4  As this value changes from 0 to 00, as shown in Fig. (a) solid (b) liquid (c) gas NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids 183 Solids have a defi nite shape and volume. Although the particles of a solid are in constant motion, the forces of attraction are so strong that the particles vibrate very small distances around a central point. NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids 185 Types of Flow Fluid fl ow can be divided into two main patterns—laminar fl ow and turbulent fl ow. Laminar fl ow is smooth and regular; turbulent fl ow is choppy and irregular (Figure 7). Laminar fl ow is when fl uids move in orderly lines or along smooth pathways One common characteristic is that fluids have no fixed shape and are easily deformed. Liquids tend to take the form of a sphere in space, while gases seem shapeless. Under the influence of gravity, liquids take on the shape of the container, while gases often flow out of any container. Liquids take on shape of sphere. A liquid in space will form the natural shape of a sphere. This is because the attraction between its atoms or molecules is greater than the forces from their kinetic energy moving outward. A sphere is a shape with the smallest surface area for a given volume of material. 2.characteristics of fluid. 1  1. Characteristics of a fluid Fluids are divided into liquids and gases. 2  A liquid is hard to compress and as in the ancient saying ‘Water takes the shape of the vessel containing it’, it changes its shape according to the shape of its container with an upper free surface. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2  13. 3  18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4  As this value changes from 0 to 00, as shown in Fig. 1 9. 14 Characteristics of a fluid Fig. 2.5 A dewdrop on a taro leaf Whenever a fine tube is pushed through the free surface of a liquid, the liquid rises up or falls in the tube as shown in Fig. 2  2.7 owing to the relation between the surface tension and the adhesive force between the liquid and the solid. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2  13. 3  18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4  As this value changes from 0 to 00,
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what are two characteristics of fluids