Concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. Most use of the term concrete refers to Portland cement concrete or to concretes made with other hydraulic cements, such as ciment fondu. However, road surfaces are also a type of concrete, asphaltic concrete, where the cement material is bitumen.  Cement tile is not just a tile made with cement. Cement tile has the strength of concrete and the feel of silk. It beautifies floors and walls, indoors and outdoors, in homes and businesses.  A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together. The word cement can be traced back to the Roman term opus caementicium, used to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The most important uses of cement are as a component in the production of mortar in masonry, and of concrete, a combination of cement and an aggregate to form a strong building material. Learn about the basic ingredients of concrete, mix designs, and types of cement. Contrary to popular belief, concrete and cement are not the same thing; cement is actually just a component of concrete. Concrete is made up of three basic components: water, aggregate (rock, sand, or gravel) and Portland cement. Cement, usually in powder form, acts as a binding agent when mixed with water and aggregates.  How Concrete is Made. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates, or rocks. The paste, composed of portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (larger) aggregates. Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock-like mass known as concrete. Properties of Concrete  Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of Portland cement, water, and aggregates. Properties of Concrete While cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in Britain. Properties of Concrete Portland cement is produced by mixing ground limestone, clay or shale, sand and iron ore. This mixture is heated in a rotary kiln to temperatures as high as 1 600 degrees Celsiushigh as 1,600 degrees Celsius. How Cement is Made. Portland cement is the basic ingredient of concrete. Concrete is formed when portland cement creates a paste with water that binds with sand and rock to harden. Cement is manufactured through a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and other ingredients. See an overview of the cement manufacturing process in this 7-minute animation. These ingredients, when heated at high temperatures form a rock-like substance that is ground into the fine powder that we commonly think of as cement. Bricklayer Joseph Aspdin of Leeds, England first made portland cement early in the 19th century by burning powdered limestone and clay in his kitchen stove. Portland cement's chemistry comes to life in the presence of water. Cement and water form a paste that coats each particle of stone and sand—the aggregates. Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the cement paste hardens and gains strength. The paste, composed of portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (larger) aggregates. Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock-like mass known as concrete. Cement is a fine, soft, powdery-type substance. It is made from a mixture of elements that are found in natural materials such as limestone, clay, sand and/or shale. When cement is mixed with water, it can bind sand and gravel into a hard, solid mass called concrete. 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete http://granadatile.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/whatis/ http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/how-concrete-is-made http://www.ce.memphis.edu/1101/notes/concrete/concrete_properties_slides.pdf http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/how-cement-is-made http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/how-concrete-is-made http://www.buildeazy.com/newplans/eazylist/cement.html
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