Hydrofracking
Similarly, the acronym TMA, which is frequently used for tetramethylammonium in the pharmacological literature, may also refer to the investigational drug 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine, which, being a close structural analog of mescaline, has been the subject of numerous publications. LD 50 for TMA chloride: 25 mg/kg (mouse, i.p.); 40 mg/kg (mouse, s.c.). LC 50 for TMA chloride: 462 mg/L for 96 hrs. (Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas). Material Safety Data Sheet Tetramethylammonium chloride sc-251199 Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Tetramethylammonium chloride STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. Only small amounts of the applied radioactivity were found in the urine and in the bloodplasma. This indicates poor intestinal absorption. Similar small amounts of 14C were found in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs andskeletal muscles. It must exist in association with a counter-ion, and is most commonly found in simple salts such as tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium iodide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. LD 50 for TMA chloride: 25 mg/kg (mouse, i.p.); 40 mg/kg (mouse, s.c.). LC 50 for TMA chloride: 462 mg/L for 96 hrs. (Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas). SACHEM’s Tetramethylammonium Chloride (TMACl) is a quaternary ammonium compound (Quat) that can be used in a variety of applications. SACHEM manufactures TMACl and offers excellent logistics support to supply it anywhere in the world consistently and reliably.  Common nomenclature [edit]. In the toxicological literature, naturally-occurring tetramethylammonium (anion unspecified) is often referred to by the name tetramine. Unfortunately, this non-systematic or trivial name is also used for other chemical entities, including a toxic rodenticide (Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine). LD 50 for TMA chloride: 25 mg/kg (mouse, i.p.); 40 mg/kg (mouse, s.c.). LC 50 for TMA chloride: 462 mg/L for 96 hrs. (Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas). Tetramethylammonium chloride can be synthesized by the alkylation of ammonium chloride with dimethyl carbonate, in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([EMIM] + Br −) as an ionic liquid catalyst. The overall reaction is: It is a very hygroscopic colourless solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. Tetramethylammonium chloride is a major industrial chemical, being used in such processes as hydrofracking. In the laboratory, it has fewer synthetic chemical applications than quaternary ammonium salts containing longer N-alkyl substituents, which are used extensively as phase-transfer catalysts. For conditions of use where exposure to the dust or mist is apparent, a half-face dust/mist respirator may be worn. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Potential Health Effects. ----------------------------------. Inhalation: Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath. Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. Tetramethylammonium chloride is one of the simplest quaternary ammonium salts, bearing only four methyl groups tetrahedrally attached to the central N. The chemical formula (CH 3) 4 N + Cl − is often abbreviated further as Me 4 N + Cl − . It is a very hygroscopic colourless solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. Tetramethylammonium chloride is a major industrial chemical, being used in such processes as hydrofracking. In the laboratory, it has fewer synthetic chemical applications than quaternary ammonium salts containing longer N-alkyl substituents, which are used extensively as phase-transfer catalysts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylammonium http://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-251199.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylammonium http://sacheminc.com/other-chemicals/tetramethylammonium-chloride-tmacl/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylammonium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylammonium_chloride http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/t1807.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylammonium_chloride
what is tetramethylammonium chloride used for