Xylem and phloem
Parenchyma is an example of a simple tissue (composed only of parenchyma cells); xylem is an example of a complex tissue (composed of tracheids, vessel members, parenchyma cells, and sometimes fibers). Tissues are organized into three tissue systems: the dermal, vascular, and ground systems. Leaves, stems, roots, and flowers are all made up of various tissues. Plant Tissues Plant Tissues fall into two large categories: Meristematic, or Permanent (Non-Meristematic) Meristematic Tissues Meristems are places in plants where cell division is occurring. During cell division, one cell becomes two cells. Cells and Tissues of the Plant (Angiosperm) Body The vascular plant sporophyte is usually composed of three kinds of vegetative organs: stems, leaves, and roots. In this lab, you will learn about the various cells and tissues that make up these organs. There are two types of vascular tissue: xylem, which moves water, and phloem, which moves food. These structures are arranged differently in monocots and dicots. In monocots, which are flowering plants with only one seed leaf, the xylem and phloem are found in paired bundles throughout the stem. Plant tissues come in several forms: vascular, epidermal, ground, and meristematic. Each type of tissue consists of different types of cells, has different functions, and is located in different places. Tissue that is on the inside of the vascular tissue ring is called pith, and tissue on the outside of the vascular tissue is called cortex. Ground tissue is made up of three main cell types: Parenchyma cells are the most common cells you encounter inside a plant. Vascular tissue is found in all of a plant's vegetative organs-that is, the roots, stems, and leaves. Xylem and phloem start out as special type of tissue called cambium. You can think of cambium tissue cells as similar to stem cells-when they divide, they have the ability to become different kinds of tissue. Ground tissue has a wide variety of functions, even though it is composed of fairly simple tissue types. Parenchyma Tissue: The most abundant, diverse, and versatile cells in a plant are found in the parenchyma tissue. Parenchyma cells have thin cell walls, and their structure is somewhat non-descript, but tend to be more or less isodiametric (equal diameters in all directions). The vascular tissue system is composed of the xylem (transport of water and dissolved minerals) and phloem (transport of food-usually sucrose and other sugars-, nitrogen containing compounds, and hormones). The xylem and phloem in the primary plant body are usually closely associated in the form of vascular bundles.
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two types of vascular tissue found in plant cells