Virtual Gamification in Mental Health Nursing Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review
10.54103/dn/18637
BACKGROUND:L’innesco globale di misure cautelative per la tutela della salute pubblica ha indubbiamente rafforzato l’interesse dei formatori per metodologie di simulazione virtuale. In quest’accezione formativa, i Serious Games sembrano consentire una miglior accessibilità, comprendendo la possibilità di essere fruiti o ripetuti un numero ipoteticamente infinito di volte senza rimanere necessariamente ancorati alla presenza dei docenti, alla disponibilità dei laboratori, al materiale presente ed agli eventuali impegni dei discenti stessi contribuendo all'esperienza di apprendimento migliorando la motivazione, l’impegno nel contesto della formazione cognitiva e la fiducia in sé stessi degli studenti infermieri. Gli ambiti di applicazione della gamification (intesa come l’integrazione di caratteristiche proprie dei giochi in contesti non di gioco sembrano essere piuttosto differenti, tuttavia, alcuni ambiti in particolare sembrano aver iniziato a riscontrare un certo interesse, fra cui, quello della Salute Mentale dove si riscontrano outcomes promettenti in studi con strutturazioni e obiettivi ancora eterogenei, mostrando la necessità di ampliare le evidenze a disposizione.
 
METODI E ANALISI:Verrà effettuata una scoping review secondo la metodologia del Joanna Briggs Institute. Le banche dati biomediche consultate saranno MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, WebOfScience, Cochrane Library, Cinhal ed  Embase; l’estensione della ricerca sulla letteratura grigia verrà effettuata consultando Google Scholar, ClincialTrials.gov, TRIP (Turn Research Into Practice), medRxiv, OSF Preprints, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Saranno inclusi articoli in lingua Italiana o Inglese disponibili in formato full text. La presentazione delle informazioni degli studi sarà effettuata sia attraverso tabelle specifiche che in forma narrativa.
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Sonia Lomuscio
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Dissertation Nursing
Mental Health
La Gamification virtuale nella formazione infermieristica rivolta all’ambito della Salute Mentale: protocollo per una Scoping Review
Text.Serial.Journal
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Protocolli
2023-01-30
2022-08-31
2023-01-30
2023-01-30
110-116
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Sonia Lomuscio
2023/01/30
10.54103/dn/18637
110
ASST Rhodense, Milano
2785-7263
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Mental Health
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116
McGowan J, Sampson M, Salzwedel DM, Cogo E, Foerster V, Lefebvre C. PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement. J Clin Epidemiol [Internet]. 2016;75:40–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021
La Gamification virtuale nella formazione infermieristica rivolta all’ambito della Salute Mentale: protocollo per una Scoping Review
https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing/article/download/18637/17630
2
                                                                                                                        DOI: 10.54103/dn/18637




             DISSERTATION NURSING
             Journal Homepage: https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing




         Virtual Gamification in Mental Health Nursing
            Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review
                  1
Mauro Parozzi      , Sonia Lomuscio 1
1 PhD   Student in Nursing Science and Public Health, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention – University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy




About this protocol:                               ABSTRACT

          The protocol of a scoping review        BACKGROUND:
           according to the methodology of the
           Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) is        The global activation of precautionary measures to protect public health has
           described.                              certainly reinforced the interest of teachers in virtual simulation methodologies. In
                                                   this educational framework, Serious Games seem to allow for better accessibility,
          The protocol was recorded and time-     including the possibility of being enjoyed or repeated a hypothetically unlimited
           stamped before the start of the         number of times without necessarily being limited by the presence of lecturers, the
           research.                               availability of laboratories, the available equipment and the possible commitments
                                                   of the learners themselves, contributing to the learning experience by improving the
                                                   motivation, commitment to cognitive training and self-confidence of nursing
                                                   students. The fields of application of virtual gamification (defined as the integration
                                                   of virtual game features in non-game contexts) seem to be varied, however, some
                                                   particular fields, such as the Mental Health setting, seem to have promising results
                                                   in studies with still heterogeneous design and objectives, showing the need to
                                                   expand the available evidence.


                                                   METHODS AND ANALYSIS:

                                                   A scoping review will be performed according to the methodology of the Joanna
                                                   Briggs Institute. The biomedical databases consulted will be MEDLINE (PubMed),
                                                   Scopus, WebOfScience, Cochrane Library, Cinhal and Embase; extension of the
                                                   grey literature search will be performed by consulting Google Scholar,
                                                   ClincialTrials.gov, TRIP (Turn Research Into Practice), medRxiv, OSF Preprints,
                                                   Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Articles in Italian or English language
                                                   available in full text format will be included. The presentation of study information
                                                   will be done either through dedicated tables and in narrative form.




                          KEYWORDS: Gamification, Serious Game, Virtual Simulation, Nurses, Mental Health


         Corresponding author:                                          110                                    Submission received: 31/08/2022
         Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                                        End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
         c/o ASST – Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                                 Accepted: 03/10/2022
         Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                                     This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
           Dissertation Nursing V.2, N.1 (30/01/2023)                                Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 nternational
                                                                                                              DOI: 10.54103/dn/18637




          DISSERTATION NURSING
          Journal Homepage: https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing



BACKGROUND:


         The global triggering of precautionary measures               A preliminary search of the MEDLINE (PubMed)
for the protection of public health has certainly                      database was therefore carried out in April 2022 in search
strengthened the interest of teachers in virtual simulation            of scoping reviews or systematic reviews on the subject,
methodologies: literature evidence reports how these can               finding only one Cochrane review from 2007 (13) that
be an effective strategy to increase the engagement and                considered a single RCT carried out on a sample of
involvement of students (1) with positive effects at a                 nursing students.
cognitive level and interesting consequences also on the
psychomotor domain, contributing to the teaching of                    Following the current research priorities declared by the
clinical skills (2,3), with similar or superior effects if             INACSL (International Nursing Association for Clinical
compared to traditional simulation methods (4,5).                      Simulation And Learning), it seems appropriate to perform
                                                                       a structured research work to define the state of the art in
         In comparison to the classical benefits of clinical           the use of virtual gamification and serious games in
simulation, virtual simulation of Serious Games allows                 nursing education with respect to the specific settings of
better accessibility, including the opportunity to be enjoyed          mental health nursing.
or repeated a hypothetically unlimited number of times
without necessarily being locked to the presence of
trainers, to the availability of laboratories, to the aviable          RESEARCH QUESTION:
equipment and to the eventual commitments of the
learners themselves, contributing to the learning                               What approaches have been studied in the use of
experience by improving motivation, commitment in the                  virtual gamefication/serious games in nursing education
context of cognitive training (6) and the self-confidence of           aimed at the mental health context?
nursing students (7). The limitations of this particular type
of simulation lie precisely in its virtual nature, which could         Sub-questions
reduce its impact on psychomotor domain if used
                                                                          - What type of tool has been used? In what ways?
standalone; however, as suggested by a recent systematic
review by Woon (8) , virtual simulation strategies could                  - Which validation methodologies were used?
complement current pedagogical strategies to address the
challenges associated with the diminishing opportunities                  - Which outcomes were studied?
for clinical training; these virtual gaming strategies
                                                                          - Was the subjective experience of the students
combined with clinical simulation could become part of
                                                                          evaluated?
the suite of best teaching and learning practices that can be
offered to students (9).

         The fields of application of virtual gamification             INCLUSION CRITERIA:
(defined as the integration of game characteristics in non-
game contexts (10)) seem to be rather diverse; however,                Concept
some partcular fields started to show some interest, among
which, that of Mental Health (11,12) where promising                           The concept of interest of the scoping review is
outcomes are found in studies with still heterogeneous                 the use of the virtual gamefication and serious games in
structuring and objectives, showing the need to expand the             the training of nursing students in the specific field of
available evidence.                                                    mental health nursing.



       Corresponding author:                                     111                                 Submission received: 31/08/2022
       Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                                End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
       c/o ASST – Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                         Accepted: 03/10/2022
       Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                           This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
        Dissertation Nursing V.2, N.1 (30/01/2023)                         Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 nternational
                                                                                                                DOI: 10.54103/dn/18637




          DISSERTATION NURSING
          Journal Homepage: https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing



Sample Characteristics

        Nursing students of any grade and level. Present                        "Nurses"[Mesh] OR "Nursing"[Mesh] OR
                                                                         1
information on the degree of schooling will be collected in                     "Education, Nursing"[Mesh] OR nurs*
order to differentiate the application areas.                                   "Education"[Mesh] OR "Schools, Nursing"[Mesh]
                                                                                OR "Universities"[Mesh] OR "Academies and
Context                                                                  2      Institutes"[Mesh] OR education OR learning OR
        No geographical restrictions will be applied to the                     university OR training OR “Nursing Education”
research; data concerning the context of development                            OR “Nursing Learning”
(academic, associative, corporate, etc.) and the context of                     "Video Games"[Mesh] OR "Virtual Reality"[Mesh]
use (curricular, non-curricular university courses, student’s                   OR "Computer Simulation"[Mesh] OR “virtual
choice courses, refresher courses, etc.) will be extracted               3      simulation” OR “video gam*” OR “virtual reality”
and collected.                                                                  OR “virtual hospital” OR “gamification” OR
                                                                                “serious game*” OR “Gaming”
Types of evidence sources                                                       "Mental Health"[Mesh] OR "psychology"[Mesh]
                                                                                OR "psychiatry"[Mesh] OR “mental health” OR
         This scoping review will consider primary                       4
                                                                                “psychology” OR “community health” OR
literature studies (of any type) in "full text" format and in                   “psychologic” OR “psychiatric”
Italian or English language carried out between 2012 and                 5      #1 AND #2 AND #3 AND #4
2022.
                                                                                Limitation to Italian and English Language;
                                                                                Limitation to years: from 2012 to 2022.
                                                                                    Table 1: Initial search strategy for Pubmed
SEARCH STRATEGY:

          To carry out the search, the methodology
described in the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis (14)                        As recommended by McGowan (15), this search
will be used, dividing the search into three stages,                  strategy will initially be shared with a university librarian
diagrammatically summarised in Image 2. The selection of              from the University of Milan; following modifications to
the papers found will be carried out independently by two             this strategy and their documentation, the actual search
researchers; in the event of discrepancies, a third                   will take place. The article selection process will be carried
researcher will make the relevant decisions. For the                  out by analysing each title and abstract individually.
management of the search results, Endnote software will               Following selection process, an analysis of the terms
be used. In addition, a pilot test will be carried out in             contained in the title, abstract and keywords will be carried
which the selectors will analyse a random sample of 25                out using the statistical software R and some packages
articles according to the defined selection and eligibility           (including dplyr, tidytext and ggplot2); the analysis of the
criteria; any discrepancies will be discussed in order to             words will be presented through a Wordcloud (example in
assess possible changes to the already defined criteria. The          Image 1) and/or frequency graphs. The words identified as
search will only start when a concordance of 75% or more              most 'characterising' the concepts underlying the research
of the analysed studies is reached.                                   will then be extracted.
Step 1 - definition of search terms:
                                                                      Step 2 - main search
        During the first phase, an initial search of the
                                                                                  Following the first phase, the main search will be
biomedical databases Pubmed and Scopus will be carried
out. Table 1 shows the initial search criteria that will be           carried out, i.e. the terms extracted in the previous phase
used on Pubmed.                                                       will be used for a full-text search on the databases

       Corresponding author:                                    112                                    Submission received: 31/08/2022
       Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                                  End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
       c/o ASST – Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                           Accepted: 03/10/2022
       Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                             This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
        Dissertation Nursing V.2, N.1 (30/01/2023)                           Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 nternational
                                                                                                             DOI: 10.54103/dn/18637




          DISSERTATION NURSING
          Journal Homepage: https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing


MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, WebOfScience, Cochrane                      - Context of development and use of the instrument;
Library, Cinhal, Embase. Articles will be selected after
                                                                      - Type of instrument used;
reading the title and abstract while eligibility will be
                                                                      - Validation methodology used;
determined after reading the full text. Exclusion reasons
for not included articles be given in a specific appendix.            - Outcomes studied;

                                                                      - Evaluation of the student experience.

                                                                              The table in Appendix 1 shows an example of data
                                                                      presentation. Before data filling, two researchers will carry
                                                                      out data extraction on at least three studies in order to
                                                                      assess any additional categories of important data to be
                                                                      included.



                                                                      EVIDENCE ANALYSIS:

                                                                               Once the main data have been catalogued, an
                  Image 1: wordcloud example                          analytical description of the sample of studies and a
                                                                      descriptive analysis of the evidence found will be carried
Step 3: gray literature search                                        out with a focus on the specific topics of the field covered,
                                                                      the development methodologies and related reference
        References of the selected articles will then be
                                                                      frameworks, validation methodologies and costs (if
analysed to assess the possible inclusion of further work.
                                                                      reported). The experiences and satisfaction of the learners
As a final step of the review, the grey literature will be
                                                                      (if reported) will also be described and analysed.
screened by performing a content search through Google
Scholar, ClincialTrials.gov, TRIP (Turn Research Into
Practice), medRxiv, OSF Preprints, Networked Digital
Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses
and Dissertations.



DATA COLLECTION:

         Data will be collected systematically as outlined in
the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and presented in
electronic tables. The extracted and reported data will
include:

- Author name;

- Year of publication;

- Type of study conducted;

- Location where the study was conducted;

       Corresponding author:                                    113                                 Submission received: 31/08/2022
       Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                               End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
       c/o ASST – Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                        Accepted: 03/10/2022
       Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                          This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
        Dissertation Nursing V.2, N.1 (30/01/2023)                        Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 nternational
                                                                                                             DOI: 10.54103/dn/18637




        DISSERTATION NURSING
        Journal Homepage: https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing




                                               Image 2: diagrammatic search summary

REFERENCES:                                                                   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2014.10.001

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     Corresponding author:                                     114                                  Submission received: 31/08/2022
     Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                                 End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
     c/o ASST – Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                          Accepted: 03/10/2022
     Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                          This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
      Dissertation Nursing V.2, N.1 (30/01/2023)                          Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 nternational
                                                                                                       DOI: 10.54103/dn/18637




         DISSERTATION NURSING
         Journal Homepage: https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/dissertationnursing



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      Corresponding author:                             115                                   Submission received: 31/08/2022
      Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                          End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
      c/o ASST – Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                   Accepted: 03/10/2022
      Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
       Dissertation Nursing V.2, N.1 (30/01/2023)                   Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 nternational
                            DISSERTATION NURSING
                         Journal Homepage: http://www.dissertationnursing.com

APPENDIX 1: data presentation

                                                               Context                       Lerners

                                                                        Use
                                                    Developing                                                                                                  Considere         Learners
                                    Framewor                         (curricular                                                             Validation
 #   References     Study type                       (University,                                                   Tool                                            d             experienc




                                                                                       Students
                                        k                              courses,                                                              metodology




                                                                                                  Nurses
                                                     Association,                                                                                               Outcomes              e
                                                                   extracurricular
                                                      Company,
                                                                     , updating
                                                     private, etc)
                                                                     course, etc)

                      Quasi          Framework                                                                                                                   Knowledge,
       Example,                                      University of   extracurricular                            Video Based                Some notion about
#1                  Experimental     by Richards                                            X                                                                   retention after      Yes
        2020                                           Milan             courses                                serious game               validation process
                       study         & Buldron                                                                                                                  2 months, …

       Example,
#2                      …                …               …                …                          X                …                              …               …               …
        2021




                         Corresponding author:                                     116                                          Submission received: 31/08/2022
                         Mauro Parozzi - mauro.parozzi@gmail.com                                                         End of Peer Review process: 29/09/2022
                         ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo,                                                                                        Accepted: 03/10/2022
                         Via Ovada 26, 20142, Milan (Italy)
                                                                                                   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
                                Dissertation Nursing 2 (01/2023)
                                                                                                   Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 international
