10.6092/issn.1973-9494/17310
application/pdf
1973-9494
17310
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Antonio Tejedor Cabrera
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
heritage
Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The <em>Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado</em> collection
Text.Serial.Journal
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/
22
Articles
2023-07-20
2023-06-20
2023-07-20
2023-07-20
171-180
CSCH
Antonio Tejedor Cabrera
2022
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/17310
171
Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC) Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
1973-9494
heritage
en
180
Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The <em>Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado</em> collection
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/article/download/17310/16526
22
H    ERITAGE CROSS-DISCIPLINARITY. THE ARQUITECTURA
     TEXTOS DE DOCTORADO COLLECTION

   Germán Herruzo Domínguez, Antonio Tejedor Cabrera *
   Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción (IUACC)
   Universidad de Sevilla, Spain

   Keywords: review, arquitectura, textos de doctorado, research, heritage



   1. Introduction

    Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado is a collection which began its trajectory in 1997,
whose aim it was to record research results within specific lines of investigation relating
to the city, architecture and building sciences in the form of books. The origin of these
texts is therefore to be found both in research projects and award-winning doctoral the-
ses. Over this 25-year period the collection has published 59 titles, the latest seven of
which are presented here, as they are considered of current relevance to the sector of
heritage conservation.
    The collection is coedited by the Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias
de la Construcción (IUACC) and Editorial Universidad de Sevilla (EUS). In 2018, it was
awarded the Seal of Quality in Academic Publishing (CEA-APQ) by the National Agen-
cy for Quality Assessment and Accreditation of Spain (ANECA) and the Spanish Foun-
dation for Science and Technology (FECYT). The CEA-APQ seal recognises both sci-
entific quality and editorial publishing, given that the collection meets the stringent
requirements of both these Spanish institutions in terms of quality of information, edi-
torial policy, editorial processes, reputation and editorial prestige.
    The collection has also received the prestigious recognition of the PREMIS FAD
2019 given by ArquinFAD, the association for the Promotion of the Arts and Design,
under the category of Thought and Criticism and acknowledges the value of a collec-
tion specialising in city, landscape, and architecture which has made significant contri-
butions to debate and critique in its field.
    Arquitectura - Textos de Doctorado is divided into four branches or series covering
different themes. The different coloured covers deal with different topics: the red deal
with technical themes and examine architectural technologies; the yellow explore the-
oretical reflections and essays; the blue specialise in themes relating to architectural
design, city, territory and landscape; and finally, the green ones focus on content that
more specifically relates to Andalucía. A list of all the titles published within each series
can be found at the end of each book.
    The seven most recent publications (Figure 1) are of great interest to readers spe-
cialising in heritage conservation, whether architectural, archaeological or landscape.
In all of these ‒ even those which at first glance do not appear to be linked to heritage ‒ it
is possible to sense an interest and unwavering awareness of cultural heritage, the
identity of architecture, and the need for its knowledge and preservation.



   * Corresponding author: atejedor@us.es
                                                                                                                                         This cross-disciplinary nature is preceded by the indispensable “inter-disciplinarity”.
Germán Herruzo Domínguez, Antonio Tejedor Cabrera - Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado collection



                                                                                                                                     As such, it requires a common methodology which follows scientific principles that can
                                                                                                                                     be traced back to human and experimental sciences, applying the views of Salvatore
                                                                                                                                     Lorusso and Mauro Mantovani [1]. This entails a fundamental exchange, an under-
                                                                                                                                     standing between experts from different training backgrounds and skills who – without
                                                                                                                                     fanfare – reach a final unequivocal conclusion in the examination of the wide range of
                                                                                                                                     issues affecting architecture, landscape and immobile heritage.




                                                                                                                                     Figure 1. Covers of the last seven titles published by IUACC-EUS in the collection Arquitectura -
                                                                                                                                     Textos de Doctorado.



                                                                                                                                         2. Cartographies of hidden space. Welbeck Estate in England and other spaces

                                                                                                                                         This book is a substantial part of the doctoral thesis by Tomás García García [2], a
                                                                                                                                     lecturer at the Higher Technical School of Architecture of Seville, with a prologue by
                                                                                                                                     Professor Francisco Javier Montero Fernández, his thesis supervisor. Cartografías del
                                                                                                                                     espacio oculto gradually develops a specific research model for the discipline of archi-




                                                                                                                                     Figure 2. Welbeck Estate. The city below. A degree of immersion is required in the experience of this
                                                                                                                                     underground space. The built object makes it possible to go underground in search of a dense and
                                                                                                                                     weightless place that has been dreamt up (Source: T. García García, 2016, pp.146-147).


                                                                                                     172
tectural projects as applied to emblematic buildings (Seville Cathedral, the church of
St. Petry in Klippan by S. Lewerentz, St Paul’s Cathedral in London by C. Wren or
Welbeck Estate, among others). The result offered by the author becomes – in itself – an
architecture conceived from his description and personal experiences, which awakens
our imagination.
    The text invites the reader to delve into an architectural experience in which, chap-
ter by chapter, ideas and themes are successively verified to provide a brilliant lesson
in architecture. As good textual architecture, it also provides form, a specific result, and
a strategy for learning, which is detailed through the numerous architectural languages
used by the author, downloadable in QR codes. These allow us to perceive shades and
textures, to visualise videos and to recognise projects through models created specifi-
cally for the doctoral thesis (Figure 2). Tomás García offers us different musical pieces,
different personalities, connecting us with as-yet-unused techniques for the study of
architecture and revealing secrets hidden in the archives of architects from the past or
in the experiences of his own projects as an architect.


    3. Francesco Venezia, John Hejduk and the art of memory

    Depending on the creative and emotional biography of individual authors, research
in architecture is carried out through the application of a logical method which functions
as a tool to rationalise the initial reality on which it is based. However, this first layer
and strategy are not the only elements operating in the project process. Memory also
plays a part. The research is then transformed, meandering through philias and pho-
bias, drifting aimlessly, while the rhythms and interests of the researcher are seeming-
ly a response to a hidden call, to a personal journey, in order to speak of others and to
establish new relationships and approaches to a given reality.




                                                                                                     CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE




Figure 3. Volumetry of the project by Francesco Venezia for an open-air theatre beside the ruins
of Gibellina and the “Cretto” by Alberto Burri.


                                                                                                   173
                                                                                                                                         This book is the work of Gabriel Bascones de la Cruz [3], a lecturer in Architectural
Germán Herruzo Domínguez, Antonio Tejedor Cabrera - Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado collection



                                                                                                                                     Projects at the Higher Technical School of Architecture of Seville, with a prologue by
                                                                                                                                     Universidad de Sevilla lecturers Pablo Diáñez Rubio and Esther Mayoral Campa, his
                                                                                                                                     doctoral thesis supervisors. This original study aims to explain the work of two authors,
                                                                                                                                     Francesco Venezia and John Hejduk, and although their proposals may appear to be
                                                                                                                                     polar opposites both in terms of project themes and their representation, they are
                                                                                                                                     viewed through the lens of two architectural cultures that are as distant from each oth-
                                                                                                                                     er as Italy and the United States (Figure 3). However, their profoundly artistic sensibility
                                                                                                                                     and their pursuit of coherent discourse are not usually found in other major authors
                                                                                                                                     from their generation.
                                                                                                                                         In this piece Bascones proposes a unique interpretation of the architectural work of
                                                                                                                                     Venezia and Hejduk, arguing that the ancient “art of memory” underlies both works,
                                                                                                                                     whose significance can only be understood by referring back to the postulates and
                                                                                                                                     mnemonic rules of this forgotten science.


                                                                                                                                        4. Architectural topographies in the contemporary landscape

                                                                                                                                         Terrestrial landscape, as we understand it, has been built through premeditated ac-
                                                                                                                                     tions carried out in the natural environment with different functional and representative
                                                                                                                                     purposes ‒ some ritual, others symbolic. Full advantage has been taken of the proper-
                                                                                                                                     ties of the individual places, transformed to suit humans. With each modification, a fea-
                                                                                                                                     ture of the culture and the memory of each people has been left behind. With the passing
                                                                                                                                     of time, we are amazed to discover how the enormity of these transformations, the
                                                                                                                                     delicate details, the dialogue with natural elements and the insight of the authors are
                                                                                                                                     superimposed in a rich continuous palimpsest built from numerous memories, both indi-




                                                                                                                                     Figure 4. Archaeological landscape of Tiermes, Soria. Urban lines and outlines. C. Rodríguez
                                                                                                                                     Fernández, 2019, pp. 190-191.


                                                                                                 174
vidual and collective, known and anonymous. At the heart of these complexly superim-
posed layers we find humans and their landscape, that is, the essence of the construc-
tion of the world as recorded in the prologue by Darío Álvarez Álvarez, a professor at the
Universidad de Valladolid.
    Topografías arquitectónicas en el paisaje contemporáneo is a book by Carlos Ro-
dríguez Fernández [4], a lecturer in Architectural Composition at the Higher Technical
School of Valladolid, and based on his doctoral thesis. This book takes us on a journey
through a fascinating territory, that of the construction of architectural topographies
which generate new systems of landscapes in the urban or natural territory. This oc-
curs in a fully modern sense, adding layers to the palimpsest mentioned above, as rich
as the development of the different cultures which created it. These architectural to-
pographies of platforms and voids build new artificial horizons in the human landscape
as seen in the four extraordinary examples of Brasilia in Brazil (Lucio Costa), Moerenu-
ma in Japan (Isamo Noguchi), City in the Nevada desert, United States (Michael Heizer),
and Tiermes, a Roman city in Soria, Spain (Figure 4). Four laboratories for experimenting
with time and architecture, with the memory which shelters in the voids of the absent city.


    5. Plastic form in structure. The expressivity of resistance

     Structure in construction has always been guided by analysis and calculation. How-
ever, it is less frequent to encounter examination on the topic of structure in buildings
through composition and plastic aspects, creating forms and spaces which satisfy the
conditions of equilibrium, stability, and resistance. Therefore, the book title itself is al-
ready a declaration of intent. This publication from IUACC–Editorial Universidad de Se-
villa, with a prologue by Professor Javier Estévez Cimadevila, from the Universidade da
Coruña, is based on the doctoral thesis of the same title by the lecturer Félix Suárez [5].




                                                                                                      CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE




Figure 5. Kansai International Airport Passenger Terminal Building, drawing by Renzo Piano, 1994,
p. 98.


                                                                                                    175
                                                                                                                                         In La forma plástica de la estructura, we cover the entire creative process from its
Germán Herruzo Domínguez, Antonio Tejedor Cabrera - Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado collection



                                                                                                                                     origins (Figure 5), seeking the formal logic of structure in terms of plasticity and percep-
                                                                                                                                     tion, following a triple approach: the Genesis of Form, the Project of Form, and the
                                                                                                                                     Materialization of Form. The author considers this analytical process in relation to the
                                                                                                                                     factor of time, thus viewing each period in relation to the expressivity of its structure, its
                                                                                                                                     ‘style’, following a sequential process in several stages: the experimental phase of the
                                                                                                                                     discovery of the material, the Classical period which tries to consolidate the models,
                                                                                                                                     the Mannerist period and its search for limits, before concluding in the Baroque period
                                                                                                                                     which marked the start of a phase of decadence before returning to its origins.
                                                                                                                                         This publication is based on research resulting from the in-depth analysis of a vast
                                                                                                                                     number of buildings, architects, and structure consultants. Although the buildings select-
                                                                                                                                     ed are recent and can mostly be dated to the 21st century, the methodology followed is
                                                                                                                                     timeless and the conclusions reached can be extrapolated to any architectural work, ir-
                                                                                                                                     respective of era and style, given that the expressivity of built architecture is analysed by
                                                                                                                                     handling the timeless concepts characteristic of the human perception of form.
                                                                                                                                         In short, this fresh, innovative, and exciting way to approach the analysis of architec-
                                                                                                                                     tural structures allows these to be understood from a visual and composition perspective
                                                                                                                                     without having to compromise on their intrinsic character as technological objects.


                                                                                                                                        6. Heritage landscapes in coexistence

                                                                                                                                         To talk of heritage landscape is to talk of the past and of memory. This sound and
                                                                                                                                     painstaking text has been stripped of the futility which characterises most current cul-
                                                                                                                                     ture, offering the reader an exercise in cultural militancy. This book from the collection
                                                                                                                                     Arquitectura ‒ Textos de Doctorado published by IUACC-EUS, with a prologue by the




                                                                                                                                     Figure 6. Geometrical construction of the access road to Mont Saint Michel designed by Dietmar
                                                                                                                                     Feichtinger Architects. S. Fernández Raga, 2020, p. 34.


                                                                                                 176
director of the Higher Technical School of Architecture of Valladolid, Darío Álvarez, is
based on the doctoral thesis of the author, Sagrario Fernández Raga [6], a lecturer in
Architectural Composition at the same school.
    We are living through an era in which logical and calm thinking seems to be wan-
ing, affected by the digital barrage which in some way attempts to change not only the
course of our lives, but also our reasoning. However, this book goes against the tide,
forcing us to take a long hard look at the past recorded in the landscape so that we can
understand the present better and discern the future in a natural way. One of the many
themes in this book is the beauty of the past, recorded in different landscapes over
time, rescued and enhanced by the devices of the present, emphasizing the memory
deposited in these landscapes. As the author, quoting Proust, stated at the start of the
book “objects preserve some element of the gazes which once rested on them”.
    The search for coexistence in the heritage landscape is approached through the
construction of architectural models for integrating broader road infrastructures into the
territory, in sites as unique as Mont Saint Michel in France (Figure 6), Stonehenge in
England, Lake Zurich in Switzerland, Camino de Santiago in Spain, or the viaducts of
Garabit and Millau in France. With this approach the author shows us new ways to de-
sign landscape and historical heritage.


    7. Architecture of reservoirs in Spain

    Analysing the architecture of reservoirs in Spain is like examining the Iberian Peninsu-
la, along with its form, reliefs and basins, in order to increase awareness of this country
straddling the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The reservoirs are the manifestation of Spanish
orography and the expression of how water is obtained and administered (Figure 7).




                                                                                                     CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE




Figure 7. Aldeávila dam in 1963, seen from Llano de la Bodega. Archivo Fotográfico de Iberdrola,
1963, p. 113.


                                                                                                   177
                                                                                                                                         This book places the reader in an exceptional vantage point: the dams allow us to
Germán Herruzo Domínguez, Antonio Tejedor Cabrera - Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado collection



                                                                                                                                     reflect on the importance of territory and its architectures in the smart control of the
                                                                                                                                     environment, identifying the unchangeable factors which shaped the landscape and
                                                                                                                                     which find their superlative expression in these reservoirs.
                                                                                                                                         This publication from IUACC-EUS is an exciting addition given the examples con-
                                                                                                                                     tained within its ten chapters and the particular way in which the author, Universidad
                                                                                                                                     Politécnica de Cataluña lecturer Eduard Callís Freixas [7], has presented them as a
                                                                                                                                     reasoned catalogue. The prologue was written by Professor Xavier Monteys Roig. In
                                                                                                                                     these pages, architects will find an invitation to identify the architecture and heritage in
                                                                                                                                     these works of engineering and in the vicissitudes leading up to their construction.
                                                                                                                                     Engineers will understand the reason for our architectural admiration and recognition
                                                                                                                                     of these structures, which are so much more than mere constructions and are deeply
                                                                                                                                     rooted in the landscape of Spain.


                                                                                                                                         8. A client and an architect: Jan Antonín Bat’a and Le Corbusier

                                                                                                                                          The relationship between modern architecture and industry is not only explained
                                                                                                                                     through the classic examples of success recorded in the history of architecture (AEG and
                                                                                                                                     others). It is a constant process of progress established on the basis of converging cap-
                                                                                                                                     ital and a discipline which, since the incorporation of the modern gaze, has been aimed
                                                                                                                                     at “organising and improving” the conditions of a given setting (Figure 8). For reasons
                                                                                                                                     relating to organisation enterprise needs architecture while industrialists have to develop
                                                                                                                                     the creations of architects. This book details how the figure of industrial patronage of
                                                                                                                                     major architects, especially from the late 19th century, is a constant – and at times also




                                                                                                                                     Figure 8. Jury of the International Housing Competition examining the model of the Zlin valley.
                                                                                                                                     From left to right: B. Fuchs. E. Schön, F. L. Gahura, A. Sehnal, D. Čipera, J. A. Bat’a, J. Syřiště,
                                                                                                                                     Le Corbusier, D. Jurkovič and H. Vavrečka (April 1935), p. 102.


                                                                                                 178
unknown – factor. This is the case of the great Czech entrepreneur Jan Antonín Bat’a
and Le Corbusier, a master of 20th-century architecture. Over two years, 1935 and 1936,
Le Corbusier carried out several projects for the company owned by Bat’a, which despite
their disappointing material results were clearly highly influential in his later career.
    This publication from IUACC-EUS, based on the doctoral thesis of the author, the
architect Jaime Prior y Llombart [8], offers an in-depth exploration of the close links
between architecture and enterprise along a path of mutual growth and benefit, im-
proving working conditions and generating a new model of decent high-quality hous-
ing, a key issue in Western society since the industrial revolution.


      References

[1]     Lorusso, S. Mantovani, M. (2021) Syncretism and transdisciplinarity in art and
        life. Conservation science in Cultural Heritage, 21. pp. 57-60.
[2]     García García, T. (2018) Cartografías del espacio oculto. Welbeck Estate en In-
        glaterra y otros espacios, Sevilla: IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).
[3]     Bascones de la Cruz, G. (2018) Francesco Venezia, John Hejduk y el arte de la
        memoria, Sevilla: IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).ç
[4]     Rodríguez Fernández, C. (2019) Topografías arquitectónicas en el paisaje con-
        temporáneo, Sevilla: IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).
[5]     Suárez Riestra, F. L. (2019) La forma plástica de la estructura. Expresividad del
        hecho resistente, Sevilla: IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).
[6]     Fernández Raga, S. (2020) Paisajes patrimoniales en coexistencia, Sevilla:
        IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).
[7]     Callís Freixas, E. (2021) Arquitectura de los pantanos en España, Sevilla:
        IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).
[8]     Prior y Llombart, J. (2022) Un cliente y un arquitecto: Jan Antonín Bat’a y Le
        Corbusier, Sevilla: IUACC & Ed. Universidad de Sevilla (coeds.).




                                                                                                  CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
      Biographical notes

    Germán Herruzo Domínguez is an architect with a Master’s in Architecture and
Historical Heritage from the Universidad de Sevilla. He holds a PHD in Architecture
from the International Doctoral School of the University of Seville. Since 2021 he has
also worked as a Research Support Technician at the University Institute of Architecture
and Building Science and has collaborated in the drafting of the Master Plan for Munici-
pal Historical Heritage (2019-20) for the Ayuntamiento de Sevilla.

    Antonio Tejedor Cabrera is a Professor in Architectural Projects at the Universidad
de Sevilla and has been the director of the University Institute of Architecture and Building
Science (IUACC) since 2015. Since 2017 he has been in charge of co-directing the col-
lection Arquitectura ‒ Textos de Doctorado along with lecturer Marta Molina Huelva. He is
the main researcher in numerous research projects establishing correlations between
heritage, tourism, and landscape and the architectural project. Along with his studio, Teje-
dor-Linares Arquitectos, he has been awarded different international prizes, including:
PRAM Premio Internazionale sul Restauro e Architetture Mediterranee (2013); work se-
lected at the PREMIS FAD (2011); second position at the II Premio Mediterráneo del
Paisaje (2007), and the Voto de Louvor (Laudatio) from Universidade de Lisboa (2012).


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                                                                                                                                        Summary
Germán Herruzo Domínguez, Antonio Tejedor Cabrera - Heritage cross-disciplinarity. The Arquitectura Textos de Doctorado collection




                                                                                                                                         Readers are introduced to the most recent titles from the collection ARQUITECTU-
                                                                                                                                     RA - TEXTOS DE DOCTORADO, published jointly by the University Institute of Archi-
                                                                                                                                     tecture and Building Science (IUACC) and Editorial Universidad de Sevilla since 1997.
                                                                                                                                     The seven titles are the result of doctoral theses awarded by the IUACC. All of them
                                                                                                                                     share a cross-disciplinary approach touching upon architecture, landscape, and immo-
                                                                                                                                     bile heritage (architectural, archaeological or landscape) and are highly relevant to
                                                                                                                                     readers with an interest in heritage conservation: Cartografías del espacio oculto. Wel-
                                                                                                                                     beck Estate en Inglaterra y otros espacios by Tomás García (2018); Francesco Vene-
                                                                                                                                     zia, John Hejduk y el arte de la memoria by Gabriel Bascones (2018); Topografías
                                                                                                                                     arquitectónicas en el paisaje contemporáneo by Carlos Rodríguez (2019); La forma
                                                                                                                                     plástica de la estructura. Expresividad del hecho resistente by Félix Suárez (2019);
                                                                                                                                     Paisajes patrimoniales en coexistencia by Sagrario Fernández Raga (2020); Arquitec-
                                                                                                                                     tura de los pantanos en España by Eduard Callís Freixas (2021) and Un cliente y un
                                                                                                                                     arquitecto: Jan Antonín Bat’a y Le Corbusier by Jaime Prior (2022). All of these clearly
                                                                                                                                     show the interest of the authors in the dissemination of cross-disciplinarity and the
                                                                                                                                     need for in-depth research and conservation of architectonic heritage.


                                                                                                                                        Riassunto

                                                                                                                                          Vengono presentati ai lettori i titoli più recenti della raccolta ARQUITECTURA - TEXTOS
                                                                                                                                     DE DOCTORADO, pubblicata congiuntamente dall’Istituto Universitario di Architettura
                                                                                                                                     e Scienze delle Costruzioni (IUACC) e dalla Editorial Universidad de Sevilla dal 1997. I
                                                                                                                                     sette titoli sono il risultato di tesi di dottorato rilasciate dall’IUACC. Tutti condividono un
                                                                                                                                     approccio interdisciplinare che tocca l’architettura, il paesaggio e il patrimonio immobile
                                                                                                                                     (architettonico, archeologico o paesaggistico) e sono molto importanti per i lettori inte-
                                                                                                                                     ressati alla conservazione del patrimonio: Cartografías del espacio oculto. Welbeck
                                                                                                                                     Estate en Inglaterra y otros espacios by Tomás García (2018); Francesco Venezia,
                                                                                                                                     John Hejduk y el arte de la memoria by Gabriel Bascones (2018); Topografías arqui-
                                                                                                                                     tectónicas en el paisaje contemporáneo by Carlos Rodríguez (2019); La forma plástica
                                                                                                                                     de la estructura. Expresividad del hecho resistente by Félix Suárez (2019); Paisajes
                                                                                                                                     patrimoniales en coexistencia by Sagrario Fernández Raga (2020); Arquitectura de los
                                                                                                                                     pantanos en España by Eduard Callís Freixas (2021) and Un cliente y un arquitecto:
                                                                                                                                     Jan Antonín Bat’a y Le Corbusier by Jaime Prior (2022). Tutto ciò mostra chiaramente
                                                                                                                                     l’interesse degli autori per la diffusione della transdisciplinarità e la necessità di una ri-
                                                                                                                                     cerca e di una conservazione approfondite del patrimonio architettonico..




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