Interdisciplinarità, Etica E Pianificazione Territoriale
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/12786
Il recupero degli insediamenti della Civiltà rupestre di Fasano e Monopoli (Brindisi, Italia), quale fenomeno di aggregazione sociale, rappresenta l'obiettivo perseguito dal Comitato tecnico-scientifico della Fondazione San Domenico costituitosi da anni con il coinvolgimento di esperti a livello nazionale e internazionale.
Il presente lavoro, presentato nell' VIII Convegno Internazionale, che ha fatto seguito ai precedenti, ha l'intento di evidenziare che l'arte, quale testimonianza degli insediamenti delle aree della civiltà rupestre, non è riconducibile solo al bello, ma anche all'etico e come tale sinonimo di identità. Ne derivano concetti e significati riconducibili a interdisciplinarità, sostenibilità, pianificazione, sviluppo territoriale, oltre che il bisogno della formazione di una figura professionale specializzata e trasversale nell'ambito della tutela e valorizzazione di quel mondo del passato per tramandarlo al futuro.
application/pdf
1973-9494
12786
en
Lucio Colizzi
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
territorial development
Interdisciplinarity, Ethics and Territorial Planning
Text.Serial.Journal
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/
20
Articles
2021-05-13
2021-04-27
2021-05-13
2021-05-13
33-48
CSCH
Lucio Colizzi
2020
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/12786
33
Computer Science Department, University of Bari ALDO MORO, Italy
1973-9494
territorial development
en
48
Interdisciplinarity, Ethics and Territorial Planning
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/article/download/12786/12504
20
I   NTERDISCIPLINARITY, ETHICS AND TERRITORIAL PLAN-
    NING


    Salvatore Lorusso*
    Foreign Member Russian Academy of Natural Sciences

    Lucio Colizzi
    Computer Science Department
    University of Bari ALDO MORO, Italy


    Keywords: interdisciplinarity, sustainability, planning, territorial development



    1. Introduction

     This is the presentation made at the invitation of the President of the Technical-Sci-
entific Committee of the Fondazione San Domenico, Prof. Cosimo Damiano Fonseca, at
the 8th International Conference, “Dalle chiese in grotta alle aree della civiltà rupestre: gli
strumenti di pianificazione territoriale”, held in Savelletri di Fasano, 29 Nov.-1 Dec. 2018.
The sequence of conferences over the years is a clear testimony of the importance of the
cultural, landscape and environmental heritage present in the area of Fasano and Mo-
nopoli, in the region of Apulia in Italy, from a historical and scientific point of view. The
conferences have involved the participation of national and international experts, whose
aim is to recover the rock settlements of a civilization which, as a phenomenon of so-
cial aggregation, have left a particularly significant mark.
     Figure 1 shows two images relating to a church inside a grotto (a), and the land-
scape (b) found in the area of the rupestrian settlements of Fasano and Monopoli and
are an emblematic testimony to the cultural, landscape and environmental heritage
that exists in the region. The aim of the Foundation is to carry out research on rupes-
trian habitats and settlements and it has been doing so since 2001.
     In Figure 1, a third image (c) has been added, which I will focus on later; its aim is
to highlight that heritage of historical, artistic, archaeological, architectural, monumen-
tal, and also natural landscape interest is not entirely and only attributable to beauty
and aesthetics, but also to ethics and, as such, is synonymous with identity.


    2. The recovery project for the rupestrian settlements

    The project aims to study and do research in the following areas:
•   history, art, archaeology, architecture, society, anthropology, geology of the particular
    medieval habitat, also taking into consideration significant events that have taken
    place over the centuries in the history of the churches and frescoes in the tuff grottoes;


    * Corresponding author: salvatore.lorusso@unibo.it
                                                                                •   technical-conservative aspects, relating to the protection and, therefore, to the various
                                                                                    procedural steps of diagnosis, restoration, conservation, maintenance and prevention;
                                                                                •   management, concerning the enhancement and, therefore, the consequent, as well
                                                                                    as subsequent impact on the territory of the economic value initially paid for the
                                                                                    protection of the territorial area itself;
                                                                                •   social aspects that guarantee a positive impact while respecting the natural re-
                                                                                    sources present in the territory, as well as positive returns in economic terms and
                                                                                    in the employment sector [1-5].
S. Lorusso, L. Colizzi - Interdisciplinarity, ethics and territorial planning




                                                                                              Figure 1. a) landscape; b) rupestrian church; c) art beyond beauty.


                                                                                    3. Interdisciplinarity in consideration of the holistic value of heritage

                                                                                    Cultural Heritage is characterized by a holistic value, i.e. a set of values that are
                                                                                related to different areas of investigation (Figure 2).
                                                                                    Looking at these different areas, it is evident that the study and research needed to
                                                                                address and contribute to resolving problems related to the recovery of this rupestrian
                                                                                heritage must necessarily involve experts with different backgrounds and interdiscipli-
                                                                                nary competences.
                                                                                    In this regard, it is important that not only professional figures with a historical-hu-
                                                                                manistic background participate, but that other relevant technical-experimental and
                                                                                legal-managerial skills are integrated. This will facilitate the objective of protecting and
                                                                                enhancing this heritage, with the final intent that the entire project becomes part of a
                                                                                wider vision of shared national and international knowledge.
                                                                                    In the past, achieving this objective was difficult and demanding, due to the fact
                                                                                that those involved in heritage and scientific disciplines were rarely of the same mind,
                                                                                making it difficult to build a solid relationship. Hence the need to set aside the frag-
                                                                                mentation of this relationship and to identify the priorities within the context of the
                                                                                cognitive activities in heritage conservation so that the various players come together
                                                                                as one to make the research more meaningful.


                                                                     34
        Figure 2. Interdisciplinarity in the sector of cultural and environmental heritage.


    4. Art beyond beauty: from aesthetics to ethics

    In the context of the holistic value of cultural heritage, the aesthetic value, as for
the other values mentioned above, must be imbued with a sense of ethics [6-7].
    Consequently, the following questions arise: “Is art a synonym for beauty?” and
“Is beauty only referable to aesthetics?”, “And is the idea of art attributable only to
aesthetics?”.
    If this were so, art would be seen as being old-fashioned and decadent, a vision




                                                                                                        Conservation science in Cultural Heritage
belonging to those who do not love or trust art or think they can banish it to the further-
most corners of the cultural world.
    On the contrary, art is never solely or necessarily beauty, its vocation is not deco-
rative, but metaphysical. Indeed, what remains for art when it escapes the diktat of
beauty? Art is left with the intelligence, knowledge and wisdom of great alchemies,
which gives a meaning to art without any sense, or shows why it is impossible to make
any sense of it.
    It is therefore possible to affirm that we perceive ethical and aesthetic values to-
gether and in combination with other values.
    Furthermore, the word ethics comes from the Greek έθος meaning “custom” or
“rule of life”.
    I would like to distinguish the two meanings however, which are attributable to the
same term “ethics”.
    In the first case, it should be noted that the artefact of historical, artistic, archaeo-
logical, architectural and monumental interest performs an ethical function because,
as a finished product, it represents the expression of a custom, of a habit attributable
to a particular historical period. If the historical period is classical, then the art expressed
is classical; if instead it is present-day, it is contemporary art. In the latter case, the
artefact may not always correspond to the concept and / or those canons of beauty to
which we are accustomed, even though it identifies with and bears witness to the so-
cial context of this particular period.


                                                                                                   35
                                                                                     In the second case, it is equally true that ethics, as a rule of life, implies the deter-
                                                                                mination of human conduct and the search for the means that will concretize it accord-
                                                                                ing to the nature, will and morality of each individual or group, in choosing their way of
                                                                                life and activities.


                                                                                   5. Art as a means for sustainability

                                                                                     Art and science represent two ways of narrating the history of the world, not two
                                                                                contrasting subjects. Moreover, art, in other words, cultural heritage, considering the
                                                                                environment an integral part of it, is linked to the history of humanity [8].
                                                                                     It is evident then that the various artistic expressions and, therefore, the various
                                                                                generational waves with their social events and problems, from the past to the present,
                                                                                are temporally connected to each other and, moreover, because “The past is part of
                                                                                the future through the present”.
                                                                                     It is also true that “Nature does not support the human footprint”. This is what the
                                                                                World Wide Fund for Nature points out in highlighting the marked imbalance caused by
                                                                                the consequent irreversible damage to the environment, despite the fact it has hap-
                                                                                pened gradually over the centuries.
                                                                                     How can art, therefore, act as a means to help sustainability?
                                                                                     However, firstly, a distinction should be made between sustainability understood
                                                                                from the inside and, I would say, an interior point of view, and sustainability understood
S. Lorusso, L. Colizzi - Interdisciplinarity, ethics and territorial planning




                                                                                from an exterior point of view, as I believe it concerns each sector in the context of the
                                                                                various multiple anthropic activities.
                                                                                     In the former, in referring to art and its function in the context of sustainability, we
                                                                                speak of the importance of training those who work in the “system: artefact of historical
                                                                                interest - conservation environment - biota”, with the intent and objective of protecting
                                                                                and valorizing the cultural and/or environmental asset, according to ethical principles,
                                                                                i.e. by implementing and respecting their own specific skills, as well as those of other
                                                                                experts, in a mutual need for humility and wisdom and therefore, for interdisciplinary. It
                                                                                is essential to consider the behavioral aspect, but not easy to achieve.
                                                                                     In art, moreover, always understood in the sense of cultural and environmental
                                                                                heritage, there is the external aspect of sustainability which regulates its practice ac-
                                                                                cording to historical, technical and conservative assumptions within the framework of
                                                                                sustainable development.
                                                                                     Based on the previous aspect, the experience acquired in studying and implement-
                                                                                ing practical skills must be aimed at revitalizing the artistic artefact, so that it continues
                                                                                to bear witness to the past through the present for the future. At the same time, the work
                                                                                of the expert must not only aim to safeguard the environment itself, according to set
                                                                                rules related to its protection, since the heritage asset is located therein, but also work
                                                                                according to ecological objectives, so that a balance is maintained between the two
                                                                                and thus satisfies present needs without compromising the needs of future genera-
                                                                                tions. These then are the goals that are being pursued in the ongoing research project
                                                                                on the ancient cave settlements in Apulia.


                                                                                   6. Drawing value from culture

                                                                                   But there is a consequent aspect to be considered which can be added to the se-
                                                                                quence of procedural phases in the methodological path of the project, that of the territory.


                                                                     36
    By intervening in the protection and valorization of the historical, artistic, landscape
and environmental heritage, the territory - synonymous with a single generous guard-
ian, patron, sponsor or even businesses, including regional and local authorities - can
“generate value” for it and, at the same time, “draw value” from it [9-11].
    In this regard, it is well known how funding available for heritage purposes must be
allocated taking into account the concrete possibilities it offers for economic develop-
ment, and, therefore, by adopting a forward-looking approach, in the belief that the
logics of culture go hand in hand with the logics of profit. The heritage-profits marriage
should in no way scandalize but should always be pursued to support conservation
and safeguard actions, creating value in the business areas that have been stimulated.
Furthermore, influences from different human disciplines and activities, such as food
and wine, and tourism and design, can only be virtuous catalyzing processes, espe-
cially if supported by technologies [12].
    It is important to underline, moreover, that culture can give rise not only to economic
returns, but also to systematic transformation processes, becoming an exercise in per-
sonal and collective well-being, an ethical practice that everyone can embrace, accord-
ing to taste, sensitivity and curiosity.
    It follows that talking about territorial planning – which represents the specific theme
of this paper – implies the use of the territory and, consequently, the organization of the
activities that are carried out therein, and which have already been described, in order to
give life to territorial growth that is productive and economically sustainable.
    I also wish to highlight that the management of the territory, which implies evaluat-
ing the effects of the project on the territory itself and the consequent economic and
technological growth, must “respect” the natural resources of the landscape and the
environment, in the belief that the rock habitat, as an element of cultural identity, will
also produce positive social and occupational effects. This last important aspect is con-
nected to the training of a professional figure, who is able to perform a multifaceted
function within the organization.




                                                                                                    Conservation science in Cultural Heritage
   7. Training

    It is therefore considered significant – also as a possible example to refer to – to
briefly present the aims and the corresponding objectives achieved over the years by
the Master in: “Planning and promotion of artistic and cultural events”, which was
launched by the Department of Cultural Heritage of the University of Bologna and ran
for six years [13]. The tangible results, which followed the conclusion of the course
over the years, have enabled students to enter the employment market, often at the
same locations, represented by the Cultural and Productive Units, where they carried
out their project work during their individual work placements.
    The Master prepares a professional figure: the event manager, who is specialized, but
able to adopt an interdisciplinary approach and consequently plan and promote strategies,
operate on multiple media platforms and effectively use their languages and potential.
    Once upon a time, the event manager simply organized and managed the event
from its design to its conclusion. Today, the event manager is a professional, specialized
in the following functions as:
• the project manager, who elaborates the project;
• the logistics expert, who identifies the geographical location and accommodation
    facilities;
• the expert who studies, realizes and controls the specific cultural contents of the event;


                                                                                               37
                                                                                •   the account manager, who interfaces with the user;
                                                                                •   the operator who manages the event.
                                                                                    Hence the importance of the training which universities should properly provide by
                                                                                offering specific quality courses: in doing so, the professional figure is also able to com-
                                                                                pete internationally, an aspect that is now mandatory.


                                                                                      8. The internationalization of creativity

                                                                                     As part of Italy’s heritage, the rock habitat, seen as a combination of the historical,
                                                                                artistic, landscape and environmental identity of this territory – where the materials of
                                                                                the admirable native landscape are stone, light and color – can and must represent an
                                                                                emblematic example of internationalization because [14]:
                                                                                • worldwide demand for culture has grown, with a consequent growth in its users;
                                                                                • the market has gradually widened its range;
                                                                                • the institutions themselves have become global;
                                                                                • there are international protection bodies, such as UNESCO.
                                                                                     And within the context of the globalization, present not only in economics and soci-
                                                                                ety but also in culture, internationalization must play an integral role in the research
                                                                                project on the rupestrian settlements of the Savelletri di Fasano territory by taking into
                                                                                account a peculiarity inherent in Italian genes and expressed in the cultural reality of
                                                                                the aforementioned territory: “creativity”.
S. Lorusso, L. Colizzi - Interdisciplinarity, ethics and territorial planning




                                                                                     I would like to highlight two definitions that can be traced back to two different eras
                                                                                and to two different conceptions.
                                                                                     The first is a definition by Henri Poincaré, a French physicist-mathematician and
                                                                                scholar of scientific methods, who lived between the mid-1500s and early 1600s: “Cre-
                                                                                ativity is the ability to combine existing elements in new combinations that are useful”.
                                                                                It introduces the idea of superseding existing rules (the new), giving rise to a further
                                                                                shared rule (because it has proved useful).
                                                                                     Furthermore, the Italian “White Paper on Creativity” (Ministerial Decree 2007 – Min-
                                                                                istry of Cultural Heritage and Activities) states that: “Creativity and culture are an indis-
                                                                                soluble binomial, a successful mechanism that can put the country in a strategic posi-
                                                                                tion in the international process of globalization”.
                                                                                     Creativity is therefore also the basis of a profession in a sector that is changing today,
                                                                                that of culture: the profession and professional figure being that described above.


                                                                                      9. Conclusion

                                                                                     In conclusion, handing down the past to the future through the present is the goal
                                                                                the commendable work of the Foundation is pursuing, taking into account not only the
                                                                                progress of science and management, but also cultural, ethical and social parameters.
                                                                                     As the philosopher, Salvatore Veca says: “Awareness of what is, or a sense of real-
                                                                                ity, must always be accompanied by a passionate and optimistic sense of possibility”.


                                                                                      References

                                                                                [1]     Lorusso, S., Prestileo, F., Troili, M., Marabelli, M. (1998) Aspetti tecnico-diagno-
                                                                                        stici e storici relativi ai dipinti murali del vestibolo della Chiesa di Santa Maria del
                                                                                        Parto (Sutri-Viterbo), Scienza e Tecnica, 329, 1-11.


                                                                     38
[2]    Lorusso, S., Prestileo, F., Troili, M., Agostinello, D., Buonocore, F. (1998) Monito-
       raggio microclimatico nel vestibolo della Chiesa di Santa Maria del Parto (Sutri-
       Viterbo), L’Ambiente, 1, 37-41.
[3]    Lorusso, S., Schippa, B., (2004) (2° Edizione) , Le metodologie scientifiche per
       lo studio dei beni culturali. Diagnosi e valutazione tecnico-economica, Bologna,
       Pitagora Editrice (1° Ed.Bulzoni, Roma, 1992) La méthodologie scientifique ap-
       pliquée à l’étude des biens culturels. Diagnostic et Evaluation tecnico-économique,
       traduction et adaptation par M. Stefanaggi, E.R.E.C. Editeur, Paris, 1995.
[4]    Lorusso, S., (1999) Il contributo storico-umanistico e tecnico sperimentale nello
       studio dei beni culturali: una necessità, una realtà, Scienza e Tecnica, 341, 5-6.
[5]    Lorusso, S., Matteucci, C., Natali, A. (2007) Anamnesi storica, indagini analitico-
       diagnostiche e monitoraggio ambientale: alcuni casi di studio nel settore dei beni
       culturali, Bologna, Pitagora Editrice.
[6]    Lorusso, S., Braida, A., (2012) Art and environment as media for ecosustainabil-
       ity, ethics and aesthetics, Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, 12, pp. 55-78
[7]    Lorusso, S., Natali, A., (2015) Promozione e conservazione dei beni culturali, in
       Pensieri nascosti nelle cose. Arte, Cultura e Tecnica, a cura di Lombradi G. e
       Mantovani M., LAS (Libreria Ateneo Salesiano) – Angelicum University Press,
       Roma, pp. 352-373
[8]    Lorusso, S., 2014, Arte e ambiente come mezzo per l’ecosostenibilità, l’etica e
       l’estetica, in: Scienza e Tecnica, 527-528-529, pp.17-18
[9]    Lorusso, S., Matteucci, C., Natali, A. (2010) Il mercato dell’arte e le case d’asta:
       valutazione diagnostico-analitica e economico-finanziaria. L’autentico, il falso, il
       riprodotto nel settore dei beni culturali. Bologna, Pitagora Editrice.
[10]   Lorusso, S., Cogo, G.M., Natali, A., (2016) The Protection and Valorization of
       Cultural and Environmental Heritage in the Development Process of the Territory
       in Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol.16, Mimesis Edizioni, Milano-
       Udine, Italy, pp.59-73.




                                                                                                     Conservation science in Cultural Heritage
[11]   Lorusso, S., Natali, A., (2017) Drawing Value from Culture and the Territory, Ath-
       ens: ATINER’S Conference Paper Series, No: CUL2016-2185. Printed in Athens,
       Greece by the Athens Institute for Education and Research. ISSN: 2241-2891.
[12]   Lorusso, S.; Colizzi, L. (2018) Design Between Art, Technologies and Science.
       Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, 18.1: pp.211-221.
[13]   Lorusso, S., Matteucci, C., Natali, A. (2013) I beni culturali e ambientali: formazio-
       ne e ricerca, interdisciplinarità e internazionalizzazione. Milano Mimesis Editore.
[14]   Lorusso, S., Mantovani, M., Zhang, G., Barone, V., (2015) Art, science and history
       in a globalized world: the case Italy-China, Conservation Science in Cultural
       Heritage, pp. 326-335


      Biographical notes

    Salvatore Lorusso is a former full Professor of the University of Bologna. He is a
Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; Emeritus Professor of
the Cultural Heritage Institute of Zhejiang University, China; former Visiting Professor
of the Academy of Social Science of Zhejiang University, China; Visiting Professor of
the Faculty of Arts, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; former Vice-presi-
dent and currently a Councilor of the Società Italiana per il Progresso delle Scienze
(SIPS-estab­lished in 1839). Direttore Generale of the Accademia della Cultura Enogas-


                                                                                                39
                                                                                tronomica. His biography appears in the 2016 Marquis Edition of Who’s Who in the
                                                                                World. He is the founder and director of two book series relating to the specific issues
                                                                                pertaining to the sector of cultural and environmental heritage. He is the author of over
                                                                                430 publica­tions in national and international journals and 24 volumes and mono-
                                                                                graphs cover­ing commodity science, cultural heritage and environment. In 1997, he
                                                                                founded the Diagnostic Laboratory for Cultural Heritage at the Ravenna Campus of the
                                                                                University of Bologna and remained head of the Laboratory for eighteen years. In 2001,
                                                                                he founded, and is Editor-in-Chief of the historical-technical Journal “Conservation
                                                                                Science in Cul­tural Heritage”. His scientific work deals mainly with the study of the
                                                                                “system-artifact-environment-biota” and diagnostic, analytical, technical and economic
                                                                                evaluation within the context of the protection and valorization of cultural and envi-
                                                                                ronmental heritage.

                                                                                    Lucio Colizzi graduated in Computer Engineering from the University of Salento.
                                                                                He has worked in the private sector for the company Infobyte S.p.A., in the field of the
                                                                                design and development of virtual reality applications. In 2001 he became Director of
                                                                                the Computer Engineering Division of CETMA (European Research Centre for Tech-
                                                                                nology, Design and Materials), where he was scientific coordinator on several major
                                                                                industrial research projects. He is currently CEO of the innovative startup SmartEdu-
                                                                                cationLab, a CETMA spin-off company operating in the fields of digital manufacturing,
                                                                                the IoT and process digitisation and simulation. He is the author of a European patent
                                                                                in the field of mechatronics and several scientific publications. His areas of expertise
S. Lorusso, L. Colizzi - Interdisciplinarity, ethics and territorial planning




                                                                                focus on the development of ICT technologies in industry 4.0 and cultural heritage and
                                                                                healthcare IT. He teaches digital supply chain at the “Istituto Tecnico Superiore della
                                                                                Logistica Puglia”, Italy. He is currently completing his PhD at the Department of Compu-
                                                                                ter Science of the University of Bari.

                                                                                   Summary

                                                                                    Representing a phenomenon of social aggregation, the settlements of the rock civili-
                                                                                zation of Fasano and Monopoli in Brindisi, Italy and their recovery, is one of the objec-
                                                                                tives pursued by the technical-scientific committee of the San Domenico Foundation,
                                                                                which involves experts at national and international level. This paper, presented at the
                                                                                8th International Conference, intends to highlight how art, as a testimony of these set-
                                                                                tlements in the area of this rock civilization, is not attributable only to beauty, but also
                                                                                to ethics, and as such, is synonymous with identity. This leads to concepts and mean-
                                                                                ings deriving from interdisciplinarity, sustainability, planning, territorial development, as
                                                                                well as the need to train a specialized and multi-faceted professional figure who is
                                                                                qualified to operate in the field of the protection and valorisation of the past, in order to
                                                                                be able to competently pass it on through to the future.




                                                                40
