10.6092/issn.1973-9494/565
application/pdf
1973-9494
565
en
Salvatore Lorusso
Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Preventive Methods to reduce the deterioration of monuments and outdoor art by microbe burden of the solid-micro-dust-fraction
Text.Serial.Journal
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/
Articles
2008-02-21
2003-02-28
2015-11-02
215-217
CSCH
Salvatore Lorusso
2003
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/565
215
1973-9494
en
217
Preventive Methods to reduce the deterioration of monuments and outdoor art by microbe burden of the solid-micro-dust-fraction
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/article/download/565/546
    REVENTIVE METHODS TO REDUCE

P   THE DETERIORATION OF MONUMENTS AND
    OUTDOOR ART BY THE MICROBE BURDEN OF
    THE SOLID-MICRO-DUST-FRACTION
Karl M. Hellemann et al.*
HOSAN GmbH
Salvatore Lorusso et al.**
Dipartimento di Storie e Metodi per la Conservazione dei Beni Culturali
Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna (sede di Ravenna)



   Atmospheric load of chemicals as destructive agents to historical and artistic buil-
dings is known well, accepted and usually described. The interaction of those pollutants
with the surface of these monuments is a physical – chemical process regulated by para-
meters you can measure. The process itself is a local “passive” event and very depen-
dent on the concentration of the substances involved.
   The micro-dust-fraction (< 10 µm PM.10) and its load with microbes is in its interac-
tion with contact-surfaces a partly passive event only. Consecutively it becomes an acti-
ve process due to microbes activity. The destruction caused by the “airborne” agents then
is a long lasting self-perpetuating active process.
   The research work is focused on new methods to evaluate the ability of protective
measurements. The test systems developed assess how the chemical or physical pro-
tective measurements will successfully prevent the destruction caused by microbes, be
neutral or can even cause an adverse effect. The testing-system itself can be modified
easily and take into account the composition of the material of the piece of art itself and     Quaderni di Scienza della Conservazione
the chemical composition of the protective agent. The probability of an adverse effect
becomes predictable and a cost and time consuming bad experience later on may be
avoided.
   Another important question can be answered by the possibility to pre-test the aging
effect on the substances used and the changing of their protective capacity. (Prof. DI Dr.
Stark)
   As far a as the results show up to now it will be possible to show metabolic turn over
(material aggressive component) and replication rates simultaneously under various con-
ditions. The influence of differentions on the DNA fraction rate in the aggressive micro-
bes, the role of sulfur and carbonhydrates and the chelats built and their role to interact

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                                                                                  with the microbes repair mechanisms are steering factors for the active aggression and
                                                                                  the invasion into the material of monuments and pieces of art.
                                                                                      As a side effect of the research work the methods under development have already
                                                                                  proved their ability in adopting and optimising the biological stabilisation of industrial pro-
                                                                                  cess water by successful pre-testing various simulated conditions (VOEST ALPINE
                                                                                  AUSTRIA). The results gained have led to changes of the process and the chemical com-
                                                                                  pounds used.
                                                                                      The project to develop a test – system to judge the ability of measurements and mate-
                                                                                  rials used in restoration and conservation of pieces of art to protect them against the
                                                                                  attack of invasive and destructive micro organisms will be finalized by end of September
                                                                                  2003 and the results achieved will be submitted to this Journal.

                                                                                  Key Words
K. Elandt et al. - Preventive methods to reduce the deterioration of monuments…




                                                                                      Micro-Solid-Aerosol; airborne microbiological contamination; invasive destruction by
                                                                                  microbes; environment simulation; aging of substances used for conservation or resto-
                                                                                  ring.

                                                                                  Note

                                                                                  * With the collaboration of Katharina Elandt, Univ. Klinik Wien - AKH - I Interne Abteilung,
                                                                                    Onkologie; Klaus Hellemann, Univ. Klinik Wien - AKH, Pharmacology; Manuela Rath, Biology
                                                                                    Hygienicum GmbH Graz.
                                                                                  ** With the collaboration of Daniela Pinna, Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze; Mariangela Vandini,
                                                                                    Dipartimento di Storie e Metodi per la Conservazione dei Beni Culturali, Alma Mater Studiorum
                                                                                    Università di Bologna (sede di Ravenna).


                                                                                  Riassunto
                                                                                  Lo scopo della ricerca è di confrontate l’efficacia di trattamenti di conservazione e restauro in condi-
                                                                                  zioni ambientali diverse, al fine di testare le misure protettive prima di adottarle nella pratica. Gli effet-
                                                                                  ti di un intervento che restituisca colore ad una superficie o che ne aumenti la capacità di riflessio-
                                                                                  ne, ad esempio, possono diventare disastrosi se i microrganismi presenti sulla superficie ne traes-
                                                                                  sero beneficio. L’idea è perciò quella di sviluppare un sistema di test per la valutazione delle misu-
                                                                                  re protettive in diverse condizioni ambientali simultaneamente.


                                                                                  Abstract
                                                                                  To compare the various restorative measurements under competitive environment simulation, may
                                                                                  become a major challenge to the concepts to preserve the pieces of the world heritage. Test the abil-
                                                                                  ity of the protective measurement before putting it into practice. The primary effects as e. g. a cover,
                                                                                  a refreshing of the colour, or an improved light reflection can lead to a disaster if the active acting
                                                                                  world of microbes gets support by that action. The way out is to implement test-systems in advance,

                                    216
able to judge the protective measurement under different defined conditions simultaneously.


Résumé
Le but de cette recherche est celui de confronter l’efficace de traitements de conservation et de res-
tauration dans des conditions environnementales différentes pour tester les mesures protectives
avant de les utiliser en pratique. Les effets d’une intervention, qui redonne la couleur à une surface
ou qui augmente la capacité de réflexion, par exemple, peuvent devenir désastreux si les microor-
ganismes présents sur la surface en profitent. L’idée est donc celle de développer un système de
test pour évaluer les mesures protectives dans des conditions environnementales différentes.


Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel der Forschung ist der Vergleich der Wirksamkeit der Erhaltungs- und Restaurierungs-
behandlungen bei unterschiedlichen Umweltbedingungen, um die Schutzmaßnahmen vor ihrer
Anwendung in der Praxis zu testen. Die Auswirkungen eines Eingriffs, um beispielsweise einer
Oberfläche ihre Farbe wiederzugeben oder ihre Reflexionskapazität zu erhöhen, könnte katastro-
phal sein, wenn die auf der Oberfläche vorhandenen Mikroorganismen daraus Vorteile ziehen könn-
ten. Der Plan ist daher die Entwicklung eines Testsystems zur Bewertung der Schutzmaßnahmen
unter unterschiedlichen simulierten Umweltbedingungen.


Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación es el de confrontar la eficacia de los tratamientos de conservación y
de restauración en condiciones ambientales diferentes, con la finalidad de probar las medidas de
protección antes de adoptarlas en la práctica. Los efectos de una actuación que devuelva el color a
una superficie o que aumente la capacidad de reflexión, por ejemplo, pueden llegar a se desastro-
sos si microorganismos presentes en la superficie se llegaran a beneficiar. La idea es por tanto la
de desarrollar un sistema de test para la evaluación de las medidas de protección en diferentes con-
diciones ambientales simultáneamente.


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