10.6092/issn.1973-9494/1304
application/pdf
1973-9494
1304
en
Antonio Carile
Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Political theology in Byzantium as seen by 20th century historians
Text.Serial.Journal
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/
7
Articles
2008-07-08
2007-07-08
2015-11-02
CSCH
Antonio Carile
2007
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/1304
1973-9494
en
Political theology in Byzantium as seen by 20th century historians
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/article/download/1304/711
7
P
    OLITICAL THEOLOGY IN BYZANTIUM
    AS SEEN BY 20TH CENTURY HISTORIANS


Antonio Carile
Dipartimento di Storie e Metodi per la Conservazione dei Beni Culturali
Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna (sede di Ravenna)




    The 73 pages of bibliography1 about political theology in Byzantium – most probably
just a fragment of what historians have written in the last century about political thought
– show sufficiently well the importance which this field of research represents in our cul-
ture. As a theocratical autocracy, the Byzantine empire provided European culture with a
complete model of absolute power, that is the political form against which western
European culture reacted from XVIII century up to our days, not without some nostalgies
and some exotical whims, suggested by the gorgeous court ritual which surrounded the
earthly life of the man appointed by God to the salvation of the world, the θεοστεπτοσ
theosteptos crowned by God, not a god himself but a saint emperor who, with the words
of VI century deacon Agapetus – who Sevchenko, Cavarra and Riedinger2 have pro-
posed to our reflection in the last thirty years – “in the reality of his body is like every man
but as for the dignity he is a similitude of God above all (chap. 21 of his booklet Expositio
capitum paraeneticorum). The “imitation of God”, according to the text of the Saint Sophia

                                                                                                   /
deacon about 527 (chap. 1), from XV century on will be evocated in the ottoman title of
                                                                                                   Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
the sultan “shade of God on the earth” in the retorical and ideological continuity of divine
majesty which for the first time in the Roman world was adopted by Stoicism and quoted
by Seneca in his de clementia3. Transmitted by Hellenistic culture to late Roman world,
in the theories of Gregory of Naziance and of Basil of Cesarea, quoted word by word by
Agapetus, this theory projected the imperial dignity into a sacral sphere of action of divin-
ity in the created world: “as the eye is a part of the human body, so the emperor is har-
monically an integral part of the world, given by God in order to work with him in the real-
isation of the good” (chap. 46).
    The world of Byzantium is in our culture characterized by two features, which for
Stein, Barker and Zakythenos4 are survival of Roman political tradition and of Hellenistic
civilisation during a millennium in the eastern half of the Roman empire and moreover
                                                      retrogression and contraction in secular and religious fields, each field following its own
                                                      rhythm. In the secular field the retrogression was from the pax romana into a balkan-
                                                      aegean national Greek unity reduced at last into Constantinopolis as the city state on the
                                                      sea, in the hopes of Nikiphoros Gregoràs (XIV century). In the religious field the supra-
                                                      national outlook of catholic church made way to a series of religious conflicts which
                                                      marked the triumph of a State religion that Toumanof (1983)5 views as the return to the
                                                      more ancient psychology of the city cult, which Spengler (1918)6 considered dead in the
                                                      third century as a feature of an ending culture; according to Toumanoff and to Ahrweiler
                                                      too, the chosen people of Byzantium shared the widespread firm belief that a particular
                                                      community is in some way a manifestation of the divine, that is a theophany.
                                                         According to this picture, continuity and retrogression, the historians have focused
                                                      their attention to the emperor cult as if it was the all-inclusive world-view, the total ideol-
                                                      ogy of the Byzantine empire, more or less unaware of the changes of mentality produced
                                                      by the evolution of the eastern Roman society in the different phases of its existence. In
th century historians




                                                      this view most important is the concept of centre, that is the imperial city Constantinople
                                                      New Rome as the centre of the world, or of the theophanic segment of space in which
                                                      the king appears or better “arises”, in the solar metaphor pointed out by Kantorowicz7.
                                                      Byzantine man's consciousness of self is bound with the consciousness of belonging to
                                                      a group, which alone is sacred and wholesome, so that according to Kazhdan8 the
                                                      byzantine man suffers by the anguish of loneliness in front of the absolute power of the
                                                      king. The rebuilding of Rome in Constantinople New Rome – though Doelger thinks that
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      the double name is not an official one and enters in use some years after the foundation9
                                                      – is the recapturing of the freshness of creation, according to Paul Alexander10, through
                                                      a ritual repetition of cosmogony in any creative act which introduces into the theophanic
                                                      microcosm of the community, the holy city progressively concentrated through the tem-
                                                      ples and relics of saints into the imperial city of Constantinople (Kaplan)11. Eusebius
                                                      called the empire the messianic kingdom of Israel so that the empire had to last till the
                                                      end of time. The pseudo-Methodius in the VII century announced the end of the world as
                                                      coincident with the abdication of the last roman emperor in favour of God12.
                                                         The taxis, society and its order, are symbolised as analogues to the cosmos and its
                                                      order, of which god and the king are the warrants so that the microcosm of political world
                                                      is conceived as an image of heaven, at the sacred centre of the universe, while the sur-
                                                      rounding outside is barbarism and wickedness13. The imperial city is an omphalos, that
                                                      is a link between the microcosm and the cosmos. And the king is the concentrate of com-
                                                      munal theophany with the monopol of the divine origin, as the embodiment of the theo-
phanic microcosm, which puts him in a special relation to God, becoming the link
between earth and heaven. The custom of dating with regnal years is the expression of
the new era which brings about a new springtime, as Pertusi pointed out in the acclama-
tions of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (X century)14. The king, as the true represen-
tative of the divine, enjoys the wisdom, symbolised by the church of Hagia Sophia and by
the throne of Solomon, which connected the world order of the empire to the cosmic
order, as beeing both created together with all things by the Wisdom of God; Hagia
Sophia was not far from the omphalos of the City, the true connecting point between
heaven and earth. The empire was the kingdom of heaven brought to earth through the
renewal of Constantine, so that it was the orthodox empire, in a supernatural polity, a cor-
pus politicum mysticum, as Otto Treitinger15 named it, in a christian reshaping of an
ancient pagan belief. The empire was a sign of victory of God over sin and unbelief that
marks the Outside16: hence the difficulty to represent the disasters that befell the empire,
from Manzikert to the turkish conquest of Constantinople. According to Corippus in the VI
century the empire belonged to God; whilst in the VII century George of Pisidia styled
God as commander in chief of the byzantine army having the emperor as the second
commander. In VI and VII centuries texts like in George of Pisidia God, Christ and the
Virgin are represented fighting for the empire.
   Doelger in its familia Regis17 outlined the theory of the emperor as secular head of
the christian rulers in a kind of Commonwealth, where the emperor was the father and
the other rulers were his sons or younger brothers.
   The emperor was in time the providential man by a special designation by God
(Jenkins) in “an autocracy temepered by the legal right of revolution”, which is the mirage
that the historians of the last century inherited from Mommsen, who first one joked about
"the legal right of revolution”18. They named revolution every expression of disagreement,          Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

and they have believed that the byzantine political theory was to be completely absorbed
into the imperial cult: but what have we to say about the theory of the VI century dialogue,
attributed by Pertusi to the patrice Peter and consider anonimous by the editor
Mazzucchi19? The author fixed at 57 years of age the time of reign of an emperor who
had to be choosen by a dozen names proposed by the Senate: the God's choice was to
be made through drawing. The power of the emperor had to be shared with twelve major
senators choosen for the government of the respublica. The fact is that in all the byzan-
tine history there is, in parallel with the imperial cult, an aristocratic line of control of the
imperial power, usually shared with the highest members of the hierarchy: the task of the
research is to outline this aspect of the byzantine government, after the catalogue of the
                                                      so called rebellions made under the label Pouvoir et contestation à Byzance20. An impor-
                                                      tant source of disagreement are the lives of the saints with the topos of the fear phobos
                                                      made to the emperor, in order to reduce the imperial arbitrary acts against aristocrats as
                                                      well as the acts of repentance by the emperor21. We meet in the byzantine historians a
                                                      line of Kaiserkritik, which Tinnefeld has reduced to a retorical repertory of common
                                                      places, which means the effective limitation of this absolute power and the aspiration to
                                                      a legalised share in the government by some class of citizens: a picture of the inside life
                                                      of the empire very far from the praises of the imperial laudes and the official consent of
                                                      the court ritual.
                                                          The praises and acclamations directed to the emperor were no flattery but a sign of
                                                      legitimacy. In space the emperor was a cosmocrat, that is a single emperor on earth cor-
                                                      responding to one God in heaven. With the words of Jenkins “Heaven is a single king-
                                                      dom, ruled by a single, eternal and imprescriptible monarchy. It was God's will and decree
                                                      that the whole mundane sphere should be governed in exactly the same way…: that is,
th century historians




                                                      in unity, by one single monarch, who was the roman emperor of the day”. The imperial
                                                      iconography of the emperor inside the shield, the clypeus, expressed the assertion of the
                                                      solar cosmocracy of the emperor. Corippus expressed lively in the VI century the cos-
                                                      mological aspects of kingship:

                                                          Adsistit in clypeo princeps fortissimus illo
                                                          Solis habens specimen; lux alta fulsit ab urbe.
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                          Mirata est pariter geminos consurgere soles
                                                          Una favens eademque dies22.

                                                          The imperial court is the heaven and foreign ambassadors, on being received in audi-
                                                      ence, credunt aliud romana palatia caelum23.
                                                          The emperor came to be thought of as an image of Christ, in the sense of an image
                                                      of God, so that in twelfth century for the archbishop of Ochrida Theophylact God and the
                                                      emperor exercised a symbasileia, so that the emperor is the god of the world. Toumanoff
                                                      is of a different opinion from Doelger and from Jenkins: the latter ones thought that the
                                                      roman cult survived in byzantine time whilst the first one thought that the terms of divini-
                                                      ty attributed to the emperor in court ceremonial were just empty formulas of courtesy.
                                                      Sacred Palace and Hippodrome were the chief sanctuaries of the imperial cult and the
                                                      influence of the imperial pomp on the church ceremonies and on the vestements of the
                                                      Byzantine bishops is a matter of fact. The veiled hands were reserved into the church to
                                                      the blessed sacrament and into the court to the emperor.
   The basileus’ functioning as an individual human being is identified with the function-
ing of the cosmos and basileus' victory, that is force, fertility and good luck, guarantee
men and land. If the king fails, he has lost his imperial saintliness, connected to the ele-
vation to the throne, a fact strictly connected with the strifes against the ecclesiastical
dogmes, as for the monophysite emperors or the iconoclastic ones, whom the Orthodox
Church still includes into the catalogue of the church persecutors: Constant I and
Constance II (337-361); Constantine IV and Constant II (642-668); Leo III, Constantine
V, Leo V (813-820), Michael II (820-829), Theophile (829-842). The imperial specula cat-
alogue the virtues which show the imperial saintliness or its contrary the «tyranny» (chap.
65). If the emperor bears «the crown of piety» (chap. 15), «the crown of self-restraint... if
he wears the purple of justice...» (chap. 18), the emperor is «the image of piety, made by
God» (chap. 5) and he becomes an instrument of saintliness «… a clean mirror…» which
«shines of the divine rays» (chap. 9), a recipient of divine saintliness, who must imitate
God «through deeds» (chap. 45), into the limit of misericorde, philanthropie, and charity:
«in this he can imitate God at his best, thinking that nothig is more precious than miseri-
corde» (chap. 37), «a robe which does not become old is the mantle of charity, incor-
ruptible robe is the love for the poors» (chap. 60).
   The imperial ceremonies and iconography underline that the imperial saintliness and
the Christ's divinity are connected together. Christ is represented with the purple like the
king of kings, the saintliness of the Theotokos is represented through the image of an
empress on the throne with purple and crown. The excellence symbol of the imperial gar-
ments symbolises in general the saintliness of the saints (like Saint Agnès with crown and
loros in the roman mosaic of 625-63824. The saintliness gives to the emperor the icono-
logical signs of giantism, chvarena/aureola. The christomimesis is always present in the
court ceremonial: Leo III, proclaimed emperor on 18 april 716, waited 25 mars 717 for the       Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

crowning (the day in which the archange Gabriel announced to the Theotokos the con-
ception of the Christ) and in 718 he fixed the baptism of the future Constantine V on 25
december, naissance of Christ, king of kings. The mummies of the emperors, clad in pur-
ple, are associated to the relics of the Twelve Apostles in the imperial mausoleum which
Mahomet II the Conqueror, when conquered in 1453 Constantinople New Rome, trans-
formed into Fatih Camii and his own mausoleum (turbe).
   Toynbee (1973)25 preferred to analyse the palace as a centre of power whilst
Runciman pointed out to the constitutional aspects of the imperial power, and insists on
the fact that the emperor’s autocracy was limited: he recognised his obligation to respect
the fundamental laws of the roman people and in some way there lingered the idea that
                                                      sovereignity was people's. Justinian in the Lex de imperio states that the people had only
                                                      delegated their power to the emperor. In 811 the dying emperor Stauracius, amidst the
                                                      quarrels of his wife and his sister for the succession, threatened to give the empire back
                                                      to the demes, which probably means the growing importance of the merchant class and
                                                      of the working classes in the resistance against the Arabs. The same phaenomenon hap-
                                                      pened in XI century during the reign of Constantine IX Monomachos, who opened the
                                                      senate to representative of the merchant class.

                                                      Notes
                                                      1    A. CARILE, Bibliografia sulla ideologia imperiale romea, Bologna, under print. Here enclosed I
                                                           show just a selection of major items on political ideology in Byzantium: see Appendix.
                                                      2    See the items quoted in the appendix.
                                                      3    See the items of Antonella Borgo and of A. Carile n. 20.
                                                      4    D. ZAKYTHENOS, Processus de Féodalisation, in “L'Hellénisme Contemporain”, Athènes
th century historians




                                                           1948, pp. 1-16, reprinted in ID., Byzance: Etat-Société-Economie, London 1973, XIII. H.
                                                           AHRWEILER, Etudes sur les structures administratives et sociales à Byzance, London 1971.
                                                           H. KOEPSTEIN, Das 7. Jahrhundert (565-711) im Prozess der Herausbildung des
                                                           Feudalismus in Byzanz, in Studien zum 7. Jahrhundert in Byzanz. Probleme der
                                                           Herausbildung des Feudalismus, Hrsg. von H. KOPSTEIN und Fr. WINKELMANN, Berlin
                                                           1976, pp. 289-301, cfr. p. 29. J. FERLUGA, Bisanzio. Società e stato, Firenze 1974, pp. 90-92.
                                                           P. LEMERLE, La notion de décadence à propos de l'empire byzantin, in Classicisme et déclin
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                           culturel dans l'Islam, Paris 1957, pp. 268-277; G. WEISS, Antike und Byzanz. Die Kontinuitat
                                                           der Gesellschaftstruktur, in “Historische Zeitschrift”, 224 (1977), pp. 520-560; D. VERA, La
                                                           società del Basso Impero, Roma Bari 1983; V. VAVRINEK, The Eastern Roman Empire or
                                                           Early Byzantium? A Society in Transition, in From Late Antiquity to Early Byzantium, Praha
                                                           1985, pp. 9-20; G.L. KURBATOV, On the Problem of Transition from Antiquity to Feudalism in
                                                           Byzantium, in “Byzantiakà”, 9 (1989), pp. 151-177.
                                                      5    C. TOUMANOFF, Moscow the Third Rome, in “Catholic Historical Review”, 40 (1954)/55), pp.
                                                           411-447. ID., The Social Myth, Rome 1983.
                                                      6    O. SPENGLER, Il tramonto dell’Occidente, Lineamenti di una morfologia della Storia mondia-
                                                           le, Nuova edizione italiana a cura di R. CALABRESE CONTE, M. COTTONE, F. JESI, trad. it.
                                                           di J. EVOLA, Milano 1981, pp. 277-290.
                                                      7    Oriens Augusti – Lever du roi, in “Dumbarton Oaks Paper”, 17 (1963), pp. 117-177.
                                                      8    On the social fear of Kazhdan cfr. A. KAZHDAN G. CONSTABLE, People and Power in
                                                           Byzantium. An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies, Washington 1982.
9    Fr. DOELGER, Rom in der Gedankenwelt der Byzantiner, in ID., Byzanz und die Europaeische
     Staatenwelt. Ausgewaehlte Vortraege und Aufsaetze, Ettal 1953, pp. 82-83.
10   P.J. ALEXANDER, The Strength of Empire and Capital as seen through Byzantine Eyes, in
     “Speculum”, 37 (1962) 339-357.
11   See his essay published in Les saints et leur sanctuaire à Byzance. Textes, Images et
     Monuments, Publié par C. JOLIVET-LEVY, M. KAPLAN, J.P. SODINI, Paris 1993.
12   A. BRAVO GARCIA, Fin del mundo y de Constantinopla en las fuentes griegas, in
     Constantinopla 1453. Mitos y realidades, P. BADENAS DE LA PENA – E. PEREZ MARTIN
     edd., Madrid 2003, pp. 75-148.
13   See A. CARILE nn. 7, 19, 28-31.
14   Insegne del potere sovrano e delegato a Bisanzio e nei paesi di influenza bizantina, in Simboli
     e simbologia nell’Alto Medioevo, 3-9 aprile 1975, XXIII Settimana di Studio del Centro Italiano
     di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, II, Spoleto 1976, pp. 481-568.
15   O. TREITINGER, Die oströmische Kaiser- und Reichsidee nach ihrer Gestaltung im höfischen
     Zeremoniell. Jena 1938 (reprinted Darmstadt 1969).
16   About the ethic signification of inside and outside in order to exercise the just violence cfr. J.
     ASSMANN, Potere e salvezza. Teologia politica nell’antico Egitto, in Israele e in Europa, tr. It.
     Di U. GANDINI, Torino 2002, pp. 37, 29, 66. A. CARILE, Potere e simbologia del potere nella
     Nuova Roma, in LII Settimana Internazionale di Studio della Fondazione Centro di Studi
     sull’Alto Medioevo, “Comunicare e significare nell’Alto Medioevo”, Spoleto 15-20 aprile 2004,
     Spoleto 2005, pp. 395-441, tavv. XXII, figg. 34.
17   Fr. DOELGER, Die “Familie der Könige” im Mittelalter. Hist. Jahrb. 60 (1940) (Festgabe für R.
     v. Heckel) 397-420 (reprinted in: Byzanz und die europäische Staatenwelt 34-69). ID., Die mit-
     telalterliche “Familie der Fürsten und Völker” und der Bulgarenherrscher (= Srèdnovekovnoto
                                                                                                                 Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
     “semejestvo na vladetelite i narodit” i Bulgarikijat vladetel. Spisanie na Bulg. Akad. Na Naukite
     i Izkustava 66/4 [1943] 181-222) (abridge version of the german edition in: Byzanz und die
     europäicshe Staatenwelt. Darmstadt 1964, 159-182).
18   See Appendix.
19   A. PERTUSI, I principi fondamentali della concezione del potere a Bisanzio. Per un commento
     al dialogo, Sulla scienza politica’’ attribuito a Pietro Patrizio (secolo VI). Bullet. Istit. Stor. Ital.
     Per il Medioevo e Arch. Muratoriano 80 (1968) 1-23. Menae patricii cum Thoma referendario De
     scientia politica dialogus, ed. C.M. MAZZUCCHI, Milano 1982, pp. 136, reprinted Milano 2002.
20   A. CARILE, ΦΟΒΩΙ ΚΡΑΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΝΟΣ. La paura dell’imperatore, in Atti del VI Congresso
     Nazionale della Associazione Italiana di Studi Bizantini, “Siculorum Gymnasium”, 57 (2004),
     Catania 2004, pp. 5-14.
                                                      21    J.C. CHEYNET, Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210), Byzantina Sorbonensia 9,
                                                            Paris 1990, pp. 213-237.
                                                      22    COR. In laudem Iustini augusti minoris, II, 148-151.
                                                            COR. In laudem Iustini augusti minoris, III, 244. A. CARILE, Credunt aliud romana palatia
                                                            caelum. Die Ideologie des Palatium in Konstantinopel dem Neuen Rom, in Palatia.
                                                            Kaiserpalaeste in Konstantinopel, Ravenna und Trier, Herausgegebn von M. KOENIG, in
                                                            Zusammenarbeit mit E. BOLOGNESI RECCHI FRANCESCHINI und E. RIEMER, Trier 2003,
                                                            pp. 27-32.
                                                      23    E. KITZINGER, L’arte bizantina. Correnti stilistiche nell'arte mediterranea dal III al VII secolo,
                                                            (1977), Ed. it. a cura di P. CESARETTI, Presentazione di M. ANDALORO, Milano 1989, n. 187.
                                                      24    A.J. TOYNBEE, Constantino Porfirogenito e il suo mondo, tr. It. di M. STEFANONI, Firenze
                                                            1987, pp. 214-219, 547-554, 592 ss.
                                                      25    J. IRMSCHER, Rivoluzione dall’alto a Bisanzio?, in “Bizantinistica. Rivista di Studi Bizantini e
                                                            Slavi”, s. II, 2(2000), pp. 337-344. A. CARILE, L’espansione araba nel VII secolo, in Atti del IX
th century historians




                                                            Simposio paolino Paolo tra Tarso e Antiochia. Archeologia, Storia, Religione, a cura di L.
                                                            PADOVESE, Roma 2007, pp. 57-72.




                                                                                                 APPENDIX
                                                                            Short bibliography of Byzantine political ideology
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      Sigle

                                                           BZ      “Byzantinische Zeitschrift”
                                                           RE      Real-Encyklopädie d. klass. Altertumswissenschaft v. Pauly-Wissowa
                                                           PG      Migne, Patrologia Graeca
                                                           PL      Migne, Patrologia Latina
                                                           TM      Travaux et Memoires
                                                           ZRVI    “Zbornik Radova Vizantoloskog Instituta”



                                                      Sources

                                                                                         IMPERIAL ACCLAMATIONS
                                                                                   (from Constantine Porphyrogennetos)
                                                           P. Maas, Metrische Akklamationen der Byzantiner, B Z, 21 (1912), pp. 28-51.
                            AGAPETUS DEACON (VI Century)

    Critical Edition – but deprived of the in direct tradition that was exposed by R.
FROHNE,      Agapetus     Diaconus.      Untersuchungen      zu   den   Quellen    und    zur
Wirkungsgeschichte des ersten byzantinischen Fuerstenspiegel, Tuebingen 1985 –
AGAPETOS DIAKONOS, Der Fuerstenspiegel fuer Kaiser Iustinianos, Erstmal kritish
herausgegeben von R. RIEDINGER, Athenai 1995
    Italian translation with in direct tradition: B. CAVARRA, Ideologia politica e cultura in
Romània fra IV e VI secolo, Bologna 1990; see too the translation of S. ROCCA, Un trat-
tatista di età giustinianea: Agapeto Diacono, in “Civiltà Classica e Cristiana”, 10, 2 (1989),
pp. 303-328. German translation in W. BLUM, Byzantinische Fuerstenspiegel, Stuttgart
1981, pp. 59-80.
    See King Louis XIII’s translation:
    Les precepts d'Agapetus a Justinien, sur une version latine, par le roi Louis XIII, en
ses leçons ordinaires, Paris 1612, in- 8°. See . PG 86, (Mighne reprinted the Galland’s
news), cc. 1155-1160 with a list of editions and translations of Agapetus till the XVII cen-
tury.


                       ALEXIUS MACREMBOLITES (XIV Century)

    S.I. KOUROUSES, Hai antipeseis perì ton eschaton tou kosmou, in “Epeteris
Etaireias Byzantinon Spoudon”, 37 (1969-1970), pp. 223-240.
    I. SEVCHENKO, Alexios Makrembolites and his Dialogue between the Rich and the
Poor, in ZRVI 6 (1960), 187-228, critical edition and English translation.
    E.V. MALTESE, Una fonte bizantina per la storia dei rapporti tra Costantinopoli e            Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Genova alla metà del XIV secolo: il Logos historikòs di Alessio Makrembolite, in “Atti e
Memorie della Società Savonese di Storia Patria”, 14 (1908), pp. 55-72.
    ANONIMUS (VI Century) identified in the past with Peter Patritius Menae patricii cum
Thoma referendario De scientia politica dialogus, ed. C.M. MAZZUCCHI, Milano 1982,
pp. 136, reprinted Milano 2002.


                                           ARISTEA

    (II Century b. C. but of tradition use in the bizantine high culture). R. TRAMONTANO,
La lettera di Aristea a Filocrate, Introduzione, testo, versione e commento; prefazione di
A. VACCARI, Napoli 1931.
                                                                        ATHANASIUS PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE
                                                                                      (1289-1293, 1303-1310)

                                                         A.M. MAFFRY TALBOT, The Correspondance of Athanasius I, Patriarch of
                                                      Constantinople, Washington 1975, CFHB, VII, ep. 3


                                                                                          COUNCILS ACTS

                                                         J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio. Ed. novissima Flor. Et
                                                      Ven. 1759.


                                                                         Pseudo CODINUS curopalates (about 1347-1360)

                                                         Codini Curopalatae de officialis palatii Constantinopolitani et de officiis magnae eccle-
                                                      siae liber ex recog. I. Bekkeri (Corpus Scriptorum Hist. Byz.). Bonn 1839. But see the last
                                                      critical edition in .Verpeaux, J. Pseudo- Kodinos, Traité des offices. Paris 1966. 420 pp.
th century historians




                                                                         FLAVIUS CRESCONIUS CORIPPUS (VI Century)

                                                         Flavii Cresconii Corippi Africani Grammatici in laudem Justini Augusti minoris libri IV
                                                      rec. M. Petschenig, Berlin 1886, 153-217. We dispose now of two critical editions of
                                                      Corippus: FLAVIUS CRESCONIUS CORIPPUS, In laudem Iustini Augusti minoris libri IV,
                                                      Edited with Translation and Commentary by AV. CAMERON, Bristol 1976, and CORIPPE
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      (FLAVIUS CRESCONIUS CORIPPUS), Eloge de l’empereur Justin II, Texte établi et
                                                      traduit par S. ANTES, Paris 1981.


                                                                      CONSTANTINE VII PORPHYROGENNETOS (905-959)

                                                         Constantini Porphyrogeniti imperatoris de cerimoniis aulae byzantinae libri duo
                                                      Graece et Latine e rec. J.J. Reiskii (Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae) Bonn
                                                      1829/30.
                                                         Constantin VII Porphyrogénète, Le livre des cérémonies. Tome I. Livre 1. Chapitres
                                                      1-46 (37). Texte établi et traduit par A.Vogt. – Commentarie (Livre 1. Chapitre 1-46 (37)
                                                      par A. Vogt. (Collection byzantine publiée sous le patronage de l’Association G. Budé)
                                                      Paris 1935.
                                                         Moravcsik, Gy. – R.J.H. Jenkins (edd.): Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De adminis-
                                                      trando imperio. (I.) Greek text edited by Gy. Moravcsik, English translation by R.J.H.
                                                      Jenkins (Magyar-Görög Tanulmànyok 29). Budapest 1949. 347 pp. con 1 tav. (New,
revised edition [Corpus Font. Hist. Byz. 1 = Dumb. Oaks Texts 1]. Washington 1967. IX
pp., 1 tav., 341 pp., 1 tav.). vol. II: Commentary, by F.Dvornik, R.J.H. Jenkins, B. Lewis,
Gy. Moravcsik, D. Obolensky, S. Runciman, ed. by R. J. H. Jenkins. London 1962. X, 221
pp. – cfr. B Z 46 (1953) 119-123; 55 (1962) 302-309; 63 (1970) 73-75.
   Italian translation of some passages:
   COSTANTINO PORFIROGENITO IBN ROSTEH LIUTPRANDO DA CREMONA, Il
libro delle cerimonie, a cura di M. PANASCIA, Palermo 1993.


                                     ECLOGA (726 or 741)

Ecloga. Das Gesetzbuch Leon III. und Konstantinos' V., Herausgegeben von L.
BURGMANN,        Frankfurt   am      Main   1983,   Forschungen     zur    Byzantinischen
Rechtsgeschichte, Herausgegeben von D. SIMON, Bd. 10.


                      EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA (260-339 A.C.)

   EUS. de laudibus Constantini, ed. I.A. HEIKEL, Eusebius Werke, I, Leipzig 1902
   EUS. Triacontaetericon, 10 (HEIKEL, 223) PG XX, c. 1373

   Euchologion sive Rituale Graecorum ed. J. Goar, Paris 1647.
   ed. Js. Habert, Paris 1676.


                                      PHIILOTHEUS
                  basilikos protospatharios ke atriklinis later eparchos

   Kletorologion of Philotheos (text of 1 September 899):
   J.B. Bury, The Imperial Administrative System in the Ninth Century. With a revised text
                                                                                              Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
of the Kletorologion of Philotheos (The British Academy, Supplemental Papers I), London
1911, e nuova edizione critica in:
   N. OIKONOMIDES, Les listes de préséance byzantines des IXe et Xe siècles, Paris
1972.

                                 EMPEROR JULIAN (361-363)

    JUL. Misopogon, ed. Bidez; see the fine translation of Augusto Rostagni, back to the
year 1920, reprinted in GIULIANO IMPERATORE, Misopogone o il nemico della barba,
Testo greco e traduzione italiana, Genova 1980, e in GIULIANO L'APOSTATA, La restau-
razione del paganesimo. Scritti politici e filosofici dell'ultimo grande imperatore pagano,
Milano 1988, pp. 237-292.
                                                                                        GREGORY OF NAZIANZOS
                                                                                       (second half of the IV Century)

                                                         GREG. NAZ. or. XIV, perì philoptochìas, in PG 35


                                                                                        BOOK OF THE EPARCH

                                                         Legislation oabout the Constantinople’s Corporations emanated under the eparch of
                                                      the imperial tcity Philotheus, see above.
                                                         J. KODER, Das Eparchenbuch Leons des Weisen, Wien 1991.


                                                                                                LIUTPRAND
                                                                                 bishop Cremona (920-972, bishop from 961)

                                                         Die Werke Liudprands von Cremona. 3. Aufl. hrgb. Von J. Becker. Scriptores Rerum
                                                      Germanicarum in usum Scholarum ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicis separatim editi.
th century historians




                                                      Hannover Leipzig 1915.
                                                         K.v.d. Osten-Sacken, Aus Liudprands Werken (Die Geschichtsschreiber der
                                                      deutschen Vorzeit, 29), Leipzig 1913.
                                                         LIUDPRANDI opera, in Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in usum Scholarum, III ed.,
                                                      Herausgegeben von J. BECKER, Hannover und Leipzig 1915, Legatio, LIIII, pp. 204-205;
                                                      LIUDPRAND OF CREMONA, Relatio de legatione constantinopolitana, Edited and
                                                      Translated with Introduction and Commentary by B. SCOTT, London 1993. LIUDPRAN-
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      DI CREMONENSIS Opera omnia, cura et studio P. CHIESA, Turnholti 1998, CCh 156.
                                                         Italian translations:
                                                         LIUTPRANDO DI CREMONA, Italia e Bisanzio alle soglie dell’anno Mille, a cura di M.
                                                      OLDONI e P. ARIATTA, Novara 1987, pp. 244-245.
                                                         Short Bibliography in J.N. SUTHERLAND, The Mission to Constantinople in 968 and
                                                      Liudprand of Cremona, in “Traditio”, 31(1975, pp. 55-81. J. KODER Th. WEBER,
                                                      Liutprand von Cremona in Konstantinopel, Wien 1980, pp. 17-18. A. CARILE, Roma e
                                                      Romania dagli Isaurici ai Comneni, in XXXIV Settimana del Centro Italiano di Studi
                                                      sull’Alto Medioevo, Bisanzio e l’Italia nell’alto Medioevo, Spoleto 1988, pp. 531-582: pp.
                                                      548-551. H. HOFMANN, Profil der lateinischen Historiographie im 10. Jahrhundert, in
                                                      XXXVII Settimana del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, Il secolo di ferro: mito
                                                      e realtà del secolo X, Spoleto 1991, pp. 837-907. J. KODER, Stereòtypa sti vyzantinì
                                                      istorìa. O Liutpràndos Kremònis os "istoriogràphos" ke os antikìmeno tis istoriographìas,
                                                      in To pechnìdi me tin Istorìa, Ideologikà sterepòtypa ke ypokimenismòs stin istori-
ographìa, epimèlia PH. MALINGUDIS, Thessaloniki 1994, pp. 29-53 in versione ampiata
in J. KODER, Subektivitaet und Faelschung in der byzantinischen Geschichte Liutprand
von Cremona als "Historiograph" und als Objekt der Historiographie, in “Byzantiakà”, 15
(1995), pp. 109-132.


                   NOVELS OF MACEDONIC DINASTY (X Century)

   N. SVORONOS, Les Novelles des empereurs macédoniens concernents la terre et
les stratiotes, Introduction Edition Commentaires, Ed. posthume et index établis par P.
GOUNARIDES, Athènes 1994; italian translation in A. CARILE, Materiali di storia bizan-
tina, Bologna 1994, pp. 138 ss. (the translations were founded on the edition inuse bifore
the Svoronos’ editino but the text and the dates have been confirmed by the new editino).


                        PAOLUS OF MONEMVASIA (X Century)

   J. WORTLEY, Les récits édifiants de Paul éveque de Monemvasie et d’autres
auteurs, Paris 1987.


          BYZANTINE SATIRES AGAINTS THE ARISTOCRATS (XIV Century)

   G. WAGNER, Carmina Graeca medii aevi, Lipsiae 1874
   M.C. BARTUSIS, The Fruit Book, in “Modern Greek Studies Yearbook”, 4 (1988), pp.
205-212; H.G. BECK, Geschichte der byzantinischen Volksliteratur, Muenchen 1971, pp.
177 ss.
   Ho poulologos, ed. I. TSABARI, Athens 1987; S. KRAWCZYNSKI, Ho poulologos,
Berlin 1960.
                                                                                             Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
   V. TSIOUNI, Paidiòphrastos diégesis ton zoon ton tetrapodon, Muenchen 1972,
Miscellanea Byzantina Monacensia, Hrsggb. von H.G. BECK; H. HUNGER,
Byzantinisches Geisteswelt, Baden Baden 1958, p. 287. The date comes from vv. 12-14:
September of the XV Indition year 6873 = 1364.
   For the influì of the XIV century satires on russino graphics and the movements of
contestation against the tsars in XIX-XX Century see:
   M. ANIKST, E. CERNEVIC con la coll. di N. BABURINA, Grafica russa 1880-1917,
Firenze 1990, cfr. pp. 15-37 Viktor Vaznecov, S. Jaguzinski, I. Nevinskij, B. Zvorykin,
Aleksandr Benua, Ivan Ropet, A. Burnovo, E. Firsov, A. Paramonov, Ivan Bilibin and in
general the movement of Miriskasniki. It is not perhaps necessary to remind that the sym-
                                                      bolic image “sunset of Byzantium”, comes from Sumrak Vizantije (1989) of Ivan Djuric,
                                                      translated in Italian too with the title Il crepuscolo di Bisanzio 1392-1448, Roma 1995.
                                                         Symeon Thessalonicensis, Opera, P.G. 155.


                                                                           THEOPHYILACTOS OF OCHRID (XI Century)

                                                         German translation in W. BLUM, Byzantinische Fuerstenspiegel, Stuttgart 1981, pp.
                                                      81-98.


                                                                                 THOMAS magistros (XIV Century)

                                                         THOMAE MAGISTRI perì politias, cc. 6-11 in P.G. 145, cc. 505-516; Letter of Thomas
                                                      Magistros to the great logothetes Metochites in PG 145, c. 409.
                                                         TOMA MAGISTRO, La regalità, Testo critico introduzione e indici a cura di P. VOLPE
                                                      CACCIATORE, Napoli 1997 with a summary at the pp. 87-94. German translation in W.
th century historians




                                                      BLUM, Byzantinische Fuerstenspiegel, Stuttgart 1981, pp. 99-145.



                                                      Bibliography
                                                      G.D. AALDER, NOMOΣ EMΨYXOΣ, in: Politeia und Res Publica. Dem Andenken Rudolf
                                                         Starks gewidmet, hrsg. von P. Steinmetz. Wiesbaden 1969, 315-329
                                                      N. ADONTZ, Notes sur le Livre des cérémonies. Byzantion 14 (1939) 387-406.
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      H. AHRWEILER, Un discours inédit de Constantin VII Porphyrogénète. TM 2 (1967) 393-404.
                                                          –, L’idéologie politique de l’empire byzantin, Paris 1975.
                                                      K. ALAND, Die religiöse Haltung Kaiser Konstantins, in: Studia Patristica 1 (Texte u.
                                                          Untersuchungen zer Geschichte d. altchristl. Lit. 63). Berlin 1957, 549-600.
                                                          –, Kaiser und Kirche von Konstantin bis Byzanz, in: Aus der byzantinistischen Arbeit
                                                             der DDR, Bd. I, hrsg. Von J.Irmscher (Berl. Byz. Arb. 5). Berlin 1957, 188-212.
                                                      P.J. ALEXANDER, The donation of Constantine at Byzantium and Its Earliest Use Against
                                                           the Western Empire. ZRVI 8/1 (1963) (Mélanges G. Ostrogorsky I) 11-26.
                                                           –, The Strength of Empire and Capital as seen through Byzantine Eyes. Speculum
                                                              37 (1962) 339-357.
                                                      A. ALFOLDI, Insignien und Tracht der römischen Kaiser, Mitteilungen des Deutschen
                                                          Archäologischen Istituts, Röm. Abtlg. 50 (1935) 3-158 (ristampato: Die monarchische
                                                          Repräsentation im römischen Kaiserreich 119-276).
                                                          –, The Conversion of Constantine and Pagan Rome . Transl. By H.Mattingly. Oxford
                                                             1948. VI pp., 140 pp.
                                                      Maria ALFOLDI, Die constantinische Goldprägung. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Bedeutung
                                                          für Kaiserpolitik und Hofkunst (Rm.- Germ. Zentral Museum zu Mainz). Mainz 1963.
                                                          XI, 236 pp., 41 tavv.
    –, Signum Deae. Ein kaiserzeitlicher Vorgänger des Reichsapfels. Jahrb. Numism.
       U. Geldgesch. 11 (1961) 19-32.
H.S. ALIVISATOS, Caesaropapismus in den Byzantinischen kirchlichen Gesetzen und
    den Canones, in: Akten XI. Intern. Byz-Kongr. 1958. München 1960, 15-20.
M.V. ANASTOS, Church and State during the First Iconoclastic Controversy, 726-787.
    Rivista di Studi Storico-Religiosi 1 (1957) (Ricerche di Storia Religiosa. Studi in onore
    di G. La Piana) 279-280.
    –, Justinian’s Despotic Control over the Church as Illustrated by his Edicts of the
       Theopaschite Formula and his Letter to Pope John II in 533. ZRVI 8/2 (1964)
       (Mélanges G. Ostrogorsky II) 1-11.
    –, The Ancient Greek Sources of Byzantine Absolutism, in: Harry Austryn Wolfson
       Jubilee Volume. Jerusalem 1965, 89-109.
M. ANGOLD, Archons and Dynasts: local Aristocracies and the Cities of the later byzan-
    tine Empire, in The byzantine Aristocracy IX to XIII Centuries, ed. by M. ANGOLD,
    Oxford 1984, pp. 241-243.
G. ANTONAZZI, Lorenzo Valla e la polemica sulla donazione di Costantino. Con testi
    inediti dei secoli XV-XVII, Roma 1985, pp. 320.
J. ASSMANN, Potere e salvezza. Teologia politica nell’antico Egitto, in Israele e in
    Europa, tr. it. di U. GANDINI, Torino 2002.
W.T. AVERY, The Adoratio Purpurae and the Importance of the Imperial Purple in the
    Fourth Century of the Christian Era. Memoirs Amer. Acad. Rome 17 (1940) 66-80.
M. AZKOULl, Sacerdotium et Imperium: The Constantinian Renovatio according to the
    Greek Fathers. Theological Studies 32 (1971), 431-464.
C. AZZARA, L’ideologia del potere regio nel papato altomedievale (secoli VI-VIII), Spoleto
    1997, pp. 341.
E. BARKER (ed.), Social and Political Thought in Byzantium from Justinian I to the Last
    Palaeologus: Passages From Byzantine Writers and Documents, Transl. with
    Introduction and Notes. Oxford 1957, 256 pp.
P. BATTIFOL, Les survivances du culte impérial romain. Paris 1920.
                                                                                                Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
N.H. BAYNES, Constantine the Great and the Christian Church. Second edition with a
    preface by H. Chadwick. London 1972. VIII, 108 pp.
    –, Eusebius and the Christian Empire. Annuaire Inst. Phil. Hist. Orient. et Slaves 2
       (1934) (Mélanges Bidez) 13-18.
    –, Greek Religion and the Saviour King. History N.S. 4 (1919) 61-71
H.G. BECK, Byzantinische Gefolgschaftswesen. Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., phil.-
   ist. Kl., Jg. 1965, h. 5 München 32 pp.
   –, Der Byzantinische “Ministerpräsident”. BZ 48 (1955) 309-338.
   –, Reichsidee und nationale Politik im spätbyzantinischen Staat. B Z 53 (1960) 86-94.
   –, Res publica Romana. Vom Staatsdenken der Byzantiner. Sitzungsber. Bayer,
       Akad. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Jg. 1970, H. 2. München 1970, 41 pp. (stampato in
       HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 379-414).
   –, Senat und Volk von Konstantinopel., H. 6. München 1966, 75 pp. (partially reprint-
       ed in . HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 353-378).
                                                      Y.-M. BERCE, Il re nascosto. Miti politici popolari nell‘Europa moderna, tr.it. di A. COMBA,
                                                          Torino 1996.
                                                      H. BERKHOF, Kirche und Kaiser. Eine Untersuchung der byzantinischen und der
                                                         theokratischen Staatsauffassung im vierten Jahrhundert. Aus dem Holländischen
                                                         übersetzt von G. W. Locher. Zollikon- Zürich 1947. 223 pp.
                                                         –, Των εκτοs επισκοποs. Nederl. Archief v. Kerkgesch. 34 (1943) 24-28.
                                                      E. BEURLIER. Le culte imperial, son histoire et son organisation depuis Auguste jusq’à
                                                          Justinien. Paris 1891, 3 tavv., 357 pp.
                                                          –, Les vestiges du culte impèrial à Byzance et la querelle des iconoclastes (Compte
                                                             rendu du Congrés scientifique international des catholiques tenu à Paris du 1er au
                                                             6 avril 1981), Paris 1891, Deuxìeme Sect., Sciences religieuses, 167-180.
                                                      L. BIEHLl, Das liturgische Gebet für Kaiser und Reich. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des
                                                          Verhältnisses von Kirche und Staat (Görresgesellschft, Veröff. Sektion Rechts- u.
                                                          Staatswiss. 75). Paderborn 1937, 173 pp.
                                                      A.E.R. BOAK, Imperial Coronation Ceremonies of the Fifth and Sixth Centuries. Harvard
                                                          Studies in Class. Philology 30 (1919) 37-47.
                                                      S. LE BOHEC, L’idéologie officielle du roi de Macédoine à l’époque hellénistique, in
th century historians




                                                          L’idéologie du pouvoir monarchique dans l’antiquité, Paris 1991.
                                                      J. BOMPAIRE, La ville de Constantinople vue à travers le Livre des Cérémonies, in
                                                          Jerusalem, Rome, Constantinople. L’image et le mythe de la ville, Textes réunis par
                                                          D. POIRION, “Cultures et Civilisations Médiévales”, V, Paris 1986.
                                                      BORGO, Clemenza dote divina. Persistenza e trasformazione di un tema da Cicerone a
                                                         Seneca, in “Bollettino di Studi Latini”, 20 (1990), pp. 360-364.
                                                         –, Il potere e la sua degenerazione nel lessico politico di Seneca, in “Vichiana.
                                                            Rassegna di studi filologici e storici”, 17 (1988), pp. 120-150
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                         –, Clementia: studio di un campo semantico, in “Vichiana. Rassegna di Studi filo-
                                                            logici e storici”, 14 (1985), pp. 25-73, p. 45.
                                                      G.I. BRATIANU, Empire et “démocratie” à Byzance. BZ 37 (1937) 86-111.
                                                      L. BREHIER, Ιερευ και βασιλευ, in: Mèmorial L. Petit (Archives Or. Chrét. 1). Bukarest
                                                          1948, 41-45 (ristampato in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 86-
                                                          93).
                                                          –, Les empereurs byzantins dans leur vie privée. Rev. Hist. 168/169 (1940) 193-212.
                                                          –, L’investiture des patriarches de Constantinople au moyen âge, in: Miscellanea G.
                                                             Mercati III (Studi e Test 123). Città del Vaticano 1946, 368-372.
                                                          –, L’origine des titres impériaux à Byzance. BZ 156 (1906) 161-178.
                                                          –, Les institutions de l’empire byzantin, Paris 1970
                                                      L. BREHIER et P. BATTIFOL, Les survivances du culte impérial romain, Paris 1920.
                                                      G. BRETT, The Automata in the “Byzantine Throne of Salomon”. Speculum 29 (1954)
                                                          477-487.
                                                      F.E. BRIGHTMAN, Byzantine Imperial Coronations. Journ. Theol. Studies 2 (1901) 359-391.
                                                      G. BUEHL, Constantinopolis und Roma. Stadtpersonifikationen der Spaetantike, Zuerich
                                                          1995, pp. 26-27.
J.B. BURY, The Ceremonial Book of Costantine Porphyrogennetos, The English
    Historical Review 22 (1907) 209-227 e 417-439.
A. CAMERON, The construction of Court Ritual: the byzantine Book of Ceremonies, in
    Rituals of Royalty. Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies, ed. by D. CAN-
    NADINE and S. PRICE, Cambridge et alias, 1987.
M. CANARD, Le ceremonial fatimite et le ceremonial byzantin. Essai de comparaison.
    Byzantion 22 (1951) 355-420.
Rituals of Royalty. Power and ceremonial in Traditional Societies, edited by D. CANNA-
    DINE and S. PRICE, Cambridge et alias 1987.

A. CARILE:
1   Consenso e dissenso fra propaganda e fronda nelle fonti narrative dell’età giustinia-
    nea, in L’imperatore Giustiniano. Storia e mito, a cura di G.G. ARCHI, Milano 1978,
    37-93.
2   Impero romano e Romania, in Atti del II Seminario Internazionale di Studi Storici “Da
    Roma alla Terza Roma”, La nozione di “romano” tra cittadinanza e universalità, Napoli
    1984, 247-261, aggiornato in Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
3   La crudele tirannide: archetipi politici e religiosi dell’immaginario turchesco da
    Bisanzio a Venezia, in AA.VV., Venezia e i Turchi, Milano 1985, 70-85.
4   La Romania fra territorialità e ideologia, in Atti del III Seminario Internazionale di
    Studi Storici “Da Roma alla Terza Roma”, Studi III, Napoli 1986, 409-419, aggiorna-
    to in Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
5   Assimilazione o annientamento. Il problema dei rapporti fra aristocrazie alla conqui-
    sta ottomana di Bisanzio, in Studi albanologici, balcanici, bizantini e orientali in onore
    di Giuseppe Valentini S.J., Firenze 1986, 247-259 ristampato in Assimilazione o
    annientamento. Il problema dei rapporti fra aristocrazie alla conquista ottomana di
    Bisanzio, in “Byzantinische Forschungen”, 11, 1 (1987), pp. 271-284.
6   Roma e Romania dagli Isaurici ai Comneni, in XXXIV Settimana del Centro Italiano
    di Studi sull’alto medioevo, Bisanzio e l’Italia nell’alto Medioevo, Spoleto 1988, pp.
    531-582 ristampato in Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.                   Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
7   I nomadi nelle fonti bizantine, in XXXV Settimana del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’al-
    to medioevo, Popoli delle steppe: Unni, Avari, Ungari, Spoleto 1988, pp. 55-87
8   A. PERTUSI, Il pensiero politico bizantino, a cura di A. CARILE, Bologna 1990
9   Political Ideology of the Byzantine Empire in the Eleventh-Twelfth Centuries and
    Rus’, in Proceedings of the International Congress Commemorating the Millennium
    of Christianity in Rus’-Ukraine, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 12-13 (1988-1989), pp.
    400-413 tradotto in italiano in L’ecumene romano-cristiana e i popoli della Rus’, in
    “Rivista di Bizantinistica”, 2 (1992), pubbl. maggio 1994, pp.11-35 e ristampato in
    Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
10 Ideologia politica e bestiario immaginario, in “Studi e Ricerche sull’Oriente Cristiano”,
   14 (1991), (Miscellanea F.S. Pericoli Ridolfini), pp. 363-366, ristampato in Immagine
   e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      11 L’Europa dall’Atlantico agli Urali, Bologna “I martedì” Centro San Domenico, 5 giugno
                                                         1992, pp. 3-34 ristampato in Materiali di storia bizantina, Bologna 1994.
                                                      12 Fonti vicino-orientali dell’immaginario imperiale costantinopolitano, in “Corso di
                                                         Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina”, 41 (1994), Ravenna 1995, pp. 267-278,
                                                         ristampato in Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      13 Le cerimonie musicali alla corte bizantina, in Da Bisanzio a San Marco. Musica e litur-
                                                         gia, a cura di G. CATTIN, Quaderni di “Musica e Storia”, 2, Bologna 1997, pp. 43-60.
                                                      14 Gerarchie e caste, in XLV Settimana di Studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’alto
                                                         Medioevo, “Morfologie sociali e culturali in Europa fra Tarda Antichità e Alto
                                                         Medioevo”, Spoleto 1998, pp. 123-176 ristampato in Immagine e realtà nel mondo
                                                         bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      15 Produzione e usi della porpora nell’impero bizantino, in La porpora. Realtà e imma-
                                                         ginario di un colore simbolico, Atti del Convegno interdisciplinare di studio dell’Istituto
                                                         Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Venezia 24-25 ottobre 1996, Venezia 1998, pp.
                                                         243-269 ristampato in Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      16 Santi aristocratici e santi imperatori, in Oriente cristiano e santità, Figure e storie di
                                                         santi tra Bisanzio e Occidente, a cura di S. GENTILE, Ministero per i beni culturali e
th century historians




                                                         ambientali, Carugate 1998, pp. 35-44 ristampato in Immagine e realtà nel mondo
                                                         bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      17 Ricchezza e gerarchia nel XIV e XV secolo, in Simposio Internazionale Ricchi e
                                                         poveri nella società dell’oriente grecolatino, a cura di CH. MALTEZOU, Venezia
                                                         1998, pp. 37-51; rielaborato e fuso con il seguente in Immagine e realtà nel mondo
                                                         bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      18 Ricchezza e povertà negli “specula principum” bizantini dal VI al X secolo, in Specula
                                                         principum, a cura di A. DE BENEDICTIS, Frankfurt am Main 1999, pp. 1-20 rielabo-
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                         rato e fuso con il precedente in Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      19 Eutaxia: l’ordine divino nel cosmo e nell’impero, in Da Roma alla Terza Roma,
                                                         Documenti e Studi, a cura di P. CATALANO e P. SINISCALCO, Studi IV (1984),
                                                         Spazio e centralizzazione del potere, Roma 1998, pp. 131-136.
                                                      20 Seneca e la regalità ellenistica, in AA.VV., Seneca nella coscienza dell’Europa, a
                                                         cura di I. DIONIGI, Milano 1999, pp. 58-80.
                                                      21 Le insegne del potere a Bisanzio, in AA.VV., La corona e i simboli del potere, Rimini
                                                         2000, pp. 65-124, versione ampliata di 23.
                                                      22 Immagine e realtà nel mondo bizantino, Bologna 2000.
                                                      23 La sacralità rituale dei basileis bizantini, in Adveniat Regnum. La regalità sacra
                                                         dell’Europa cristiana, a cura di F. CARDINI e M. SALTARELLI, Genova 2000,
                                                         Fondazione Cardinale Giacomo Lercaro, Veritatis Splendor, Istituto per la ricerca e la
                                                         formazione culturale cattolica, pp. 65-117, pubblicato in versione ampliata in 21.
                                                      24 Le cerimonie musicali alla corte di Bisanzio, in Il piacere del testo. Saggi e studi per
                                                         Albano Biondi, a cura di A. PROSPERI, I-II, Roma 2001, pp. 779-811.
                                                      25 Roma vista da Costantinopoli, in CISAM, XLIX SETTIMANA DI STUDIO, “Roma fra
                                                         Oriente e Occidente”, 19-24 aprile 2001, Spoleto 2002, pp. 49-99.
26 Regalità sacra ed iniziazione nel mondo bizantino, in Sulla soglia del sacro: esoteri-
   smo ed iniziazione nelle grandi religioni e nella tradizione massonica, Atti del
   Convegno di Studi del Grande Oriente d’Italia, Firenze 1-3 marzo 2002, a cura di A.
   PANAINO, Milano 2002, pp. 75-96.
27 La sacralità rituale dei basileis bizantini, in Per me reges regnant. La regalità sacra
   nell’Europa medievale, a cura di F. CARDINI e M. SALTARELLI, Rimini Siena 2002,
   pp. 53-96.
28 La prossemica del potere: spazi e distanze nei cerimoniali di corte, in Settimane del
   Centro di Studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, L, Uomo e spazio
   nell’Alto Medioevo, II, Spoleto 2003, pp. 589-656, tavv. I-IX.
29 Il palazzo imperiale come luogo della epifania del potere trascendente dell’imperato-
   re, in Istituzione Biblioteca Classense Associazione Palatina Istanbul – Yildiz Teknik
   Universitesi, Palatia. Palazzi imperiali tra Ravenna e Bisanzio, a cura di A. AUGEN-
   TI, Ferrara 2003, pp. 6-15.
30 Credunt aliud romana palatia caelum. Die Ideologie des Palatium in Konstantinopel
   dem Neuen Rom, in Palatia. Kaiserpalaeste in Konstantinopel, Ravenna und Trier,
   Herausgegebn von M. KOENIG, in Zusammenarbeit mit E. BOLOGNESI RECCHI
   FRANCESCHINI und E. RIEMER, Trier 2003, pp. 27-32.
31 Il sacro palazzo di Costantinopoli Nuova Roma, in “Quaderni di Scienza della
   Conservazione”, 2003, pp. 15-35.
32 Noterelle bizantine o la migrazione dei simboli, in “Studi Medievali”, 44 (2003), A
   Claudio Leonardi, pp. 1231-1239.
33 ΦΟΒΩΙ ΚΡΑΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΝΟΣ. La paura dell’imperatore, in Atti del VI Congresso
   Nazionale della Associazione Italiana di Studi Bizantini, “Siculorum Gymnasium”, 57
   (2004), Catania 2004, pp. 5-14.
34 Political Thought in Byzantium as seen by 20th Century Historians, in Melammu
   Symposia, IV, Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern
   Historiography, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and
   Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project Held in Ravenna, Italy, October 13-17 2001,
   Edited by A. PANAINO A. PIRAS, with the Collaboration of G.P. BASELLO, Milano             Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
   2004, pp. 53-86.
35 Potere e simbologia del potere nella Nuova Roma, in LII Settimana Internazionale di
   Studio della Fondazione Centro di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, “Comunicare e significa-
   re nell’Alto Medioevo”, Spoleto 15-20 aprile 2004, Spoleto 2005, pp. 395-441, tavv.
   XXII, figg. 34.
36 Le “celle segrete” di Teodora, in Studi in memoria di Patrizia Angiolini Martinelli, a
   cura di S. PASI con la collaborazione di A. MANDOLESI, Alma Mater Studiorum –
   Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Archeologia, Ante Quem , Studi e Scavi n.x. 10,
   Villanova di Castenaso (Bo) 2005, pp. 105-108.


M.A. CASETTI, Giustiniano e la legislazione in materia ecclesiastica (Pontif. Inst.
   Utriusque Iuris, Theses ad lauream, fasc. 123). Rom 1958. XV, 73 pp.
                                                      S. CASSELl, Der goldene Thron Salomo’s = Wissenschaftliche Berichte. Unter
                                                         Mitwirkung von –mitgliedern der Erfurter Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften
                                                         Herausgegeben von S. Cassel, Enfurt 1853, 35-133.
                                                      F. CAVALLERA, La doctrine sur le prince chrètien dans les lettres pontificales du Vme
                                                          siècle. Bull. Litt. Ecclés. 38 (1937) 67-78, 119-135, 167-179.
                                                      L. CERFAUX J. TONDRIAU, Un concurrent du christianisme: Le culte des souverains
                                                          dans la civilisation gréco-romaine (Biliotéque de Thèologie III 5). Tournai 1957, 535
                                                          pp.
                                                      P. CHARANIS, Church and State in the Later Roman Empire. The Religious Policy of
                                                          Anastasius the First, 491-518. Madison 1939, 4 tavv., 192 pp.
                                                          –, Coronation and its Constitutional Significance in the Later Roman Empire.
                                                             Byzantion 15 (1940/41) 49-66.
                                                      M.P. CHARLESWORTH, Some Observation on Ruler-Cult, especially in Rome, The
                                                          Harvard Theological Review 28 (1935) 5-44.
                                                          –, Imperial Deportement. Two Texts and Some Questions. Journ. Rom. Stud. 37
                                                             (1947) 34-38.
                                                      P. CHRESTOU, ‘Οβασιλευσκαι ιερευζ ειζ το Βυζαντιον ν. Κληρονομια 3(1971) 1—25.
th century historians




                                                          –, The Missionary Task of the Byzantine Emperor. Βυζαντινα 3 (1971) 279-286.
                                                      A. CHRISTENSEN, L’ Iran sous les Sassanides (Annales du Musée Guimet. Bibliothèque
                                                          d’Etudes 48), Copenhague 1936.
                                                      Aikaterine CHRISTOPHILOPOULOU, Εκλογη, αναγορευσιs και στεψι του βυζαντινου
                                                          αυτοκρατοροs Πραγματειαι Ακαδημιαs. Αθηνων, 22, 2. Athen 1956. ζ, 238 pp. 1
                                                          tav. cfr. BZ 50 (1957) 467-474 (J. Karayannopulos).
                                                          –, Αι βασει του βυζαντινου πολιτευματος, Επιστημον. Επ. . Φιλοσος. Σχολη
                                                             Πανεπιστιμιου Αθηνων, περ. β 22 (1971/72) 201-223.
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                          –, Η ανϖτιβασιλεια ει το Βυζαντιον . Συμμεικτα 2 (1970) 1-144.
                                                          –, Περι το προβλημα της ανϖαδειξεως του βυζαντινου αυτοκρατορς. Επιστημ.
                                                             Επετηρις Φιλοσοφ. Σχολης Πανεπιστ. Αθηνϖν, περ. β, 12 (1961/1962) 458−497; 13
                                                             (1962/63) 375−399 (Προσθηκαι αι διορθωσειζ).
                                                          –, ΣΙΛΕΝΤΙΟΝ. ΒΖ 44 (1951) 79−85.
                                                          –, Τα εις τους νους Κωνσταντινουπολεως αυτοκρατορικα στεμματα, Ελληνικα 15
                                                             (1957) 279−285.
                                                      E.K.CHRYSOS,H εκκλησιαστικη πολιτικη του Ιουστινιανου κατα την εριν περι τα τρια
                                                          κεφαλαια και την ε οικουμενικον συνοδον (Αναλεκτα Βλαταδων). Thessalonike
                                                          1969, 225 pp.
                                                      P. CLASSEN, Karl der Groβe, das Papsttum und Byzanz. Die Begründung des kar-
                                                          longischen Kaisertums, in: Karl der Groβe. Lebenswerk und Nachleben, hrsg. Von W.
                                                          Braunfels. I: Persönlichkeit und Geschichte, hrsg. Von H. Beumann. Düsseldorf 1965
                                                          (ristampato separatamente ampliato: Düsseldorf 1968. 80 pp.), 537-608.
                                                          –, Romanum gubernans imperium. Zur Vorgeschichte der Kaisertitulatur Karls des
                                                              Groβen. Deutsch. Arch. 9 (1951) 103-121.
                                                      D.J. CONSTANTELOS, Byzantine Philanthropy and Social Welfare (Rutgers Byz. Series
                                                          1). New Brunswick 1968. XXVII, 356 pp., illustrazioni nel testo.
    –, Philanthropia as an Imperial Virtue in the Byzantine Empire of the Tenth Century,
       Anglic. Theol. Review 44 (1962) 351-365.
G. DAGRON, Empereur et pretre. Etude sur le “césaropapisme” byzantin, Paris 1996
J. DEER, Byzanz und die Herrschaftszeichen des Abendlandes, BZ 50 (1957) 405—436
    (notes to Schramm, Herrschaftszeichen und Staatssymbolik).
    –, das Kaiserbild im Kreuz. Schweizer Beträge z. Allg. Gasch. 13 (1955) 48-110.
    –, Der Globus des spätrömischen und des Byzantinischen Kaisers. Symbol Oder
       Insigne? BZ 54 (1961) 53-85. 291-318 (note a Schramm, Sphaera-Globus-
       Reichsapfel).
    –, Der Kaiserornat Friedrichs II. (Dissertationes Bernenses II 2). Bern 1952. 88 S.,
       38 Taf.
    –, Der Ursprung der Kaiserkrone. Schweizer Beträge z. Allg. Geschichte 8 (1950)
       51-87.
    –, Die Entstehung des ungarischen Königtums (Ostmitteleuropäische Bibliothek 38).
       Budapest 1942. 2 all., 97 pp., 2 tavv.
    –, Die heilige Krone Ungarns. Denkschriften Osterr. Akad. Wiss., phil. Hist. Kl. 91.
       Wien 1966. 303 S., 397 Abb. Auf 139 Taf.
    –, Die Vorrechte des Kaisers in Rom (772-800). Schweizer Beträge z. Allg.
       Geschichte 15 (1957) 5-63.
    –, Zum Patricius- Romanorum-Titel Karl des Groβen. Arch. Hist. Pont. 3(1965) 31-
       86.
    –, Zur Praxis der Verleihung des auswärtigen Patriziats durch den Byzantinischen
       Kaiser. Arch. Hist. Pont. 8 (1970) 7-25.
Ch. DIEHLl, Sur la date de quelques passages du livre des Cérémonies, Revue des
    Études Grecques 16 (1903) 28-41.
F. DOELGER, (Art.) Brüderlichkeit der Fürsten. Reallex. F. Ant. U. Christent. 2 (1954
    [1953]) 641-646.
    –, Bulgarisches Cartum und byzantinisches Kaisertum, in : Actes IVe Congr. Intern.
       Èt. Byzantines Sofia I (Izvestija Bülg. ArArcheol. Institut 9). Sofia 1935, 57-68
       (reprinted: Byzanz und die europäische Staatenwelt 140-158).
    –, Byzanz und die eropäische Staatenwelt. Ausgewählte Vorträge und Aufsätze.             Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
       Ettal 1953 (Darmstadt 1964). 382 pp. (with some enrichments: pp. 383-387 in the
       second edition).
    –, Das byzantinische Mitkaisertum in den Urkunden, in: Byzantinische Diplomatik
       102-129 (= recensione di E. Stein, Post-Consulat e tautokratoria. Annuaire Inst.
       Phil. Hist. Orient. et Slaves 2 [1934] [Mélanges Bidez] 869-912, in: BZ 36 [1936]
       123-145) (reprinted in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 13-48).
    –, Der Bulgarenherrscher als geistlicher Sohn des byzantinischen Kaisers. Izvestija
       na Bülgarskoto Istoricesko Druzestvo 16-18 (1940) (Sbornik v pamet’ na...P.
       Nikov) 219-232 (ristampato in: Byzanz und die europäische Staatenwelt 192-196).
    –, Der Kaiser- und Reichsgedanke Konstantins des Groβen in der Geschichte
       (Schriftenreihe des Internationalen Konstantinordens 1). Männerdorf-Zürich 1959,
       16 pp.
    –, Die “Familie der Könige” im Mittelalter. Hist. Jahrb. 60 (1940) (Festgabe für R. v.
       Heckel) 397-420 (reprinted in: Byzanz und die europäische Staatenwelt 34-69).
                                                          –, Die mittelalterliche “Familie der Fürsten und Völker” und der Bulgarenherrscher
                                                             (= Srèdnovekovnoto “semejestvo na vladetelite i narodit” i Bulgarikijat vladetel.
                                                             Spisanie na Bulg. Akad. Na Naukite i Izkustava 66/4 [1943] 181-222) (abridged
                                                             edition of the german version in: Byzanz und die europäische Staatenwelt.
                                                             Darmstadt 1964, 159-182).
                                                          –, Kaiser und Mönch auf dem Athos, in: Le Millenaire du Mont Athos 963-1963.
                                                             Ètudes et Mélanges, I. Chevetogne 1963, 145-148.
                                                          –, ΠΑΡΑΣΠΟΡΑ. 30 Aufsätze zur Geschichte, Kultur und Sprache des byzantinis-
                                                             chen Reiches. Ettal 1961. XX, 447 pp., 5 tavole.
                                                          –, Rom in der Gedanken welt der Byzantiner. Ztschr. F. Kirchengeschichte 56 (1937)
                                                             1-42 (ristampato: Byzanz und die europäische Staatenwelt 70-115).
                                                          –, Zur Ausführung weltlicher Musik am byzantinischen Kaiserhof, in: ΠΑΡΑΣΠΟΡΑ
                                                             306-318 (= recensione di J. Handschin, Das Zeremonienwerk Kaiser Konstantins
                                                             und die sangbar Dichtung. Basel 1942, in: BZ 42 [1943] 218-227
                                                          –, Das Sonnengleichnis in einer Predigt des Bischofs Zeno von Verona. Christus als
                                                             wahre und ewige Sonne. Antike u. Christent. 6 (1940) 1-56.
                                                          –, Zur antiken und frühchristlichen Auffassung der Herrschergewalt von Gottes
                                                             Gnaden Antike u. Christent. 3 (1932) 117-127
th century historians




                                                      G. DOWNEY, Justinian and the Imperial Office (Lectures in memory of Lousie Taft
                                                         Semple 2). Cincinnati 1968. 31 pp.
                                                         –, The Tombs of the Byzantine Emperors at the Church of the Holy Apostles in
                                                            Constantinople. Journ. Hell. Stud. 79 (1959) 27-51.
                                                      Fr. DVORNIK, Early Christian and Byzantine Political Philosophy, Origins and
                                                          Background, I, The Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, II, Washington
                                                          1966, 2 voll. Washington 1966. XVI, 1 tav. pp. 1-452; X, 1 tav., pp. 453-975.
                                                          –, Emperors, Popes and Councils. Dumb. Oaks Papers 6 (1951) 3-23.
                                                          –, The Emperor Julian’s “Reactionary” Idea on Kingship, in: Late Classical and
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                             Medieval Studies in Honour of A. M. Friend, Jr. Princeton 1955, 71-81.
                                                      J. EBERSOLT, Mélanges d’histoire et d’archéologie Byzantines. I: Etudes sur la vie
                                                          publique et privée de la cour byzantine. Rev. Histoire des Religions 76 (1917) 3-105.
                                                          –, Le grand palais de Constantinople et le livre des cérémonies, Paris 1920.
                                                          –, Sainte-Sophie de Constantinople, Étude de topographie d’apres les cérémonies,
                                                             Paris 1910.
                                                          –, Les arts somptuaires de Byzance, Paris 1923.
                                                      H. EGER, Kaiser und Kirche in der Geschichtstheologie Eusebs von Caesarea. Ztschr.
                                                          Meutest. Wiss. 38 (1939) 97-115.
                                                      G. EGERR, Römischer Kaiserkult und konstantinischer Kirchenbau. Jahreshefte Osterr.
                                                          Arch. Inst. Wien 43 (Hauptblatt) (1958) 120-132.
                                                          –, Das Labarum, die Kaiserstandarte der Spätantike. Stizungsber. Osterr. Akad.
                                                             Wiss., phil.-hist. Kl. 234, Nr. 1. Wien 1960. 26 pp., 4 illustrazioni.
                                                      R.ELZE, Die Herrscherlaudes im Mittelalter. Ztschr. Savigny-Stiftung f. Rchtsgesch.,
                                                         Kann. Abtlg. 40, 1954, 201-223.
                                                      W. ENSSLIN, Auctoritas und Potestas. Zur Zweigewaltenlehre des Papstes Gelasius I.
                                                          Hist. Jahrb. 74 (1955) 661-668.
    –, Das Gottesgnadentum des autokratischen Kaisertum der frühbyzantinischen Zeit.
       Studi Biz. E Neoell. 5 (Atti V Congr. Internaz. Studi Biz. Roma) (1939) 154-166.
    –, Der Kaiser in der Spätantike. Hist. Ztschr. 177 (1954) 449-468.
    –, Die Religionspolitik des Kaisers Theodosius d. Gr. Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad.
       Wiss., phil.-hist. Kl., Jg. 1943, H. 6. München 1943. 143 S. (in parte stampato
       sopra , pp. 54-85).
    –, Gottkaiser und Kaiser von Gottes Gnaden, pp. 13-48).
    –, Justinian I. und die Patriarchate von Rom und Konstantinopel. Symbolae
       Osloenses 35 (1959) 123-127.
    –, Nochmals zu der Ehrung Chlodowechs durch Kaiser Anastasius. Hist. Jhrb. 56
       (1936) 499-507.
    –, Staat und Kirche von Konstantin d. Gr. bis Theodosius d. Gr. Ein Beitrag zur Frage
       nach dem “Cäsaropapismus”, in: Πεπραγμενα Θ βυζαντινου συνεδριου
       Θεσσαλονικη (Ελληνικα παρ. 9). Athen 1956, 404-415 (ristampato in HUNGER,
       cit., S. 193-205).
    –, The Government and Administration of the Byzantine Empire. II: Government,
       Church and Civilisation, ed. By J.M. Hussey, D.M. Nicol .. G. Cowan. Cambridge
       1967, 1-54.
    –, Zur Frage nach der ersten Kaiserkrönung durch den Patriarchen und zur
       Bedeutung dieses Aktes im Wahlzeremoniell BZ 42 (1943) 101-115, 369-372
       (comparso separatamente Wüzbrug 1947).
    –, Zur Torqueskrönung und Schilderhebung bei der Kaiserwahl. Klio 35 (1942) 268—
       298.
E. EWIG, Das Bild Constantins des Groβen in den ersten Jahrhunderten des
   abendländischen Mittelalters. Hist. Jahrb. 75 (1956) 1-46 (stampato in HUNGER,
   Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 133-192).
   –, Zum christlichen Königsgedanken im Frühmittelalter, in: Das Königtum. Seine
      geistigen und Rechtlichen Grundlagen. Mainauvorträge 1954 (Vorträge und
      Forschungen 3). Darmstadt (ristampa) 1965, 7-73.
R. FARINA, Επισκοπος των εκτος (Eusebio, De Vita Const. IV 24). Salesianum 29 (1967)
    409-413.
    –, L’impero e l’imperatore cristiano in Eusebio di Cesarea La prima teologia politica     Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
       del cristianesimo (Bibl. Theol. Salesiana, ser. I [Fontes], 2). Zürich 1966. 381 pp.
E. FENSTER, Laudes Constantinopolitanae (Misc. Byz. Monac. 9) München 1968. 379 pp.
J. FERLUGA, La ligesse dans l’empire byzantin. ZRVI 7 (1961) 97-123.
    –, Lista adresa za strane vladare iz knjige o cerimonijama (L’elenco dei regnanti
       stranieri nel Libro delle cerimonie) (con sunto in italiano.). ZRVI 12 (1970) 157-
       178.
A. FOURLAS, Der Ring in der Antike und im Christentum. Der Ring als
   Herrschaftssymbol und Würdezeichen (Forschungen zur Volkskunde 45). Münster
   1971. 148 pp., 38 illustrazioni.
J. GAGÉ, De Rome à Byzance. Le cérémonial monarchique, les insignes et le costume
    des empereurs romains. Byzantion 11 (1936) 325-340 (review of Alföldi,
    Monarchisches Zeremoniell und Insignien und Tracht).
                                                      G.P. GALAVARIS, The Symbolism of the Imperial Costume as Displayed on Byzantine
                                                          Coins. Americ. Numism. Soc. Museum Notes 8 (1958) 99-117.
                                                      A. GASQUET, De l’autorité impériale en materie religeuse à Byzance, Paris 1879.
                                                          –, L’empire byzantin et la monarchie franque, Paris 1888.
                                                          –, L’empire d’orient et l’empire d’occident. De l’emploi du mot dans les actes de la
                                                             cancellerie byzantine, Revue historique 26 (1884) 281-302.
                                                      J. GAUDEMET, Le régime impérial. Studia Doc. Hist. Iuris 26 (1960) 282-322.
                                                          –, Société religieuse et monde laïc au Bas Empire. Iura 10 (1959) 86-102.
                                                      D.J. GEANAKOPLOS, Church and State in the Byzantine Empire: A Reconsideration of
                                                          the Problem of Caesaropapism. Church History 24 (1965) 381-403.
                                                          –, Church Building and Caesaropapism. Greek, Roman and Byz. Studies 7 (1966)
                                                             167-186.
                                                      R.E. GIESEY, Le roi ne meurt jamais. Les obsèques royales dans la France de la
                                                          Renaissance, Préface de F. FURET, Paris 1987.
                                                      M. GIGANTE, Sulla concezione bizantina dell’imperatore nel VII secolo, in: Synteleia
                                                         Vincenzo Arangio-Ruiz, II. Napoli 1964, 546-551.
                                                         –, Νομος βασιλευς, Napoli 1956, rist. 1979, pp. 311.
th century historians




                                                      V. GLOETZNER r, Das Moskauer Cartum und die byzantinische Kaiseridee. Saeculum
                                                          21 (1970) 393-418.
                                                      I. GOSEV, Zur Frage der Krönungzeremonien und der zeremoniellen Gewandung der
                                                          byzantinischen und der bulgarischen Herrscher im Mittelalter. Byzantino-Bulgarica 2
                                                          (1965) 145-168.
                                                      A. GRABAR, God and the “Family of Princes” Presided over by the Byzantine Emperor.
                                                          Harvard Slavic Studies 2 (1954) (Essays… dedicated to F. Dvornik) 117-123.
                                                          –, L’archéologie des insignes médiévaux du pouvoir. Journal des Savants, 1956, 5-
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                             19, 77-92; 1957, 25-31 (recensione di Schramm, Herrschaftszeichen und
                                                             Staatssymbolik).
                                                          –, L’empereur dans l’art byzantin. Recherches sur l’art officiel de l’empire d’Orient
                                                             (Publ. Fac. Lettre univ. Strasbourg 75). Paris 1936 (Nachdruck London 1971). VII,
                                                             296 pp., 40 tavv., cfr. Gnomon 14 (1938) 202-210 (F. Dölger).
                                                          –, Pseudo-Codinos et les cérémonies de la cour byzantine au XIVe siècle, in: Art et
                                                             société à Byzance sous les Paléologues. Actes du colloque… à Venise en sep-
                                                             tembre 1968 (Bibl. Inst. Hell. d’Ètudes Byz. et Post-Byz. de Venise 4). Venise
                                                             1971, 193-221.
                                                          –, Un médaillon en or provenant de Mersine en Cilicie. Dumb. Oaks Papers 6 (1951)
                                                             27-49.
                                                          –, Zur Geschichte von Sphaira, Globus und Reichsapfel. Hist. Ztschr. 191 (1960)
                                                             336—348 (Note a Schramm, Sphaera-Globus-Reichsapfel).
                                                      I. GRADEL. Emperor Worship and Roman Religion, Oxford 2002,
                                                      N. GRASS, Königskirche und Staatssymbolik. Begegnungen zwischen griechischem
                                                         Osten und lateinischem Westen im Bereich von Staatsrepräsentation und
                                                         Sakralkultur, in: Gedächtnisschrift Hans Peters. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1967,
                                                         66-96.
H. GREGOIRE, Μεγας βασιλευς, in: Michel III et Basile le Macédonien dans les inscrip-
    tions d’Ancyre. Byzantion 5 (1929/30) 344-346.
Ph. GRIERSON Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337-1042). With an addi-
    tional note by C. Mango and I. Sevcenko. Dumb. Oaks Papers 16 (1962) 1-63.
N. GRIMAL, Les termes de la propagande royale égyptienne. De la XIXe dynastie à la
    conquete d’Alexandre, Paris 1986.
R. GUILLAND, Autour du Livre des Cérémonies de Constantin VII Porphyrogénète. Rev.
    Èt. Gr. 59/60 (1946/47) 251-259 (reprinted under the title: La cérémonie de la
    προσκυνησις, in: Recherches sur les institutions Byzantines I 144-150.
    –, Οι βυζαντινοι αυτοκρατορες και το θελγητρον του μοναστηριου. 21 (1951) 215-
       234 (in francese con il titolo Les empereurs de Byzance et l’attrait du monastère
       ristampato in: Ètudes Byzantines. Paris 1959, 33-51).
    –, La destinée des empereurs de Byzance. Epet. Etair. buz. Spoudwn. 24 (1954) 37-
       66 (reprinted o: Etudes Byzantines. Paris 1959, 1-32).
    –, La noblesse de race à Byzance. Byzantinoslavica 9 (1947/48) 307-314 (reprinted:
       Recherches sur les institutions byzantines I 15-22).
    –, Le droit divin à Byzance. Eos 42 (1947) 142-168.
    –, Recherches sur les institutions byzantines. Avec trois index par Manfred
       Nauenburg. 2 voll. (Berl. Byz. Arb. 35). Berlin-Amsterdam 1967. XVI. 607 pp. 2
       vol. 397 pp.
Rh. HAACKE, Rom und die Caesaren. Geschichte des Caesaropapismus. Düsseldorf
    1947, 124 pp.
G.H. HALSBERGHE, The Cult of Sol Invictus (Ét. prelim. Religions orient. Dans l’Empire
   rom. 23).Leiden 1972. XI, 175 pp., 1 tav.
J. HANDSCHIN, Das Zeremonienwerk Kaiser Konstantins und die sangbare Dichtung
    (Rektoratsprogramm Univ. Basel 1940 u. 1941). Basel 1942. 112 pp., cfr. BZ 42.
    (1943) 218-227.
F. HEIM, Virtus. Idéologie politique et croyances religieuses au IVe siècle, Berne et alias
    1991.
A. HEISENBERG, Staat und Gesellschaft des byzantinischen Reiches, in: Staat und
    Gesellschaft der Griechen und Römer bis zum Ausgang des Mittelalters (hrsg. von           Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
    U.v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, J.Kromayer und A.Heisenberg) = Die kultur der
    Gegenwart II,IV, 1. Leipzig-Berlin 1923, 364-364.
T. HENTSCH, L’Orient imaginaire. La vision politique occidentale de l’Est méditerranéen,
    Paris 1988.
I. HERKLOTZ, Gli eredi di Costantino. Il papato, il Laterano e la propaganda visiva nel
    XII secolo, trad. it. di N. GIOVÉ MARCHIOLI, Roma 2000.
A. HERRMANN, A.: (Art.) Edelsteine. Reallex. f. Ant. U. Christent. 4 (1959 [1958]) 505-
    552.
O. HILTBRUNNER, Die Heiligkeit des Kaisers (Zur Geschichte des Begriffes Sacer).
    Frühmittelaltrl. Studien 2 (1986) 1-30.
H. HUNGER, Das byzantinische Herrscherbild, Herausgegeben von H.H., Darmstadt
    1975.
                                                          –, Die Schönheitskonkurrenz in “Belthandros und Chrysantza” und die Brautschau
                                                             am Byzantinischen Kaiserhof. Byzantion 35 (1965) 150-158.
                                                          –, Kaiser Justinian I. (527-565). Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Phil.- hist. Kl. 102 (1965)
                                                             339-356 (ristampato sopra pp. 333-352).
                                                          –, Prooimion. Elemente der byzantinischen Kaiseridee in den Arengen der Urkunden
                                                             (Wiener Byz. Studien 1). Wien 1964. 260 pp., 1 tavola.
                                                          –, Reich der Neuen Mitte. Der christliche Geist der byzantinischen Kultur. Graz-
                                                             Wien-Köln 1965. 472 pp., 29 illustrazioni.
                                                          –, Zur Humanität Kaiser Andronikos’ II. ZRVI 8/1 (1963) (Mélanges G. Ostrogorsky
                                                             I) 149-152.
                                                      H.U. IINSTINSKY, Bischofsstuhl und Kaiserthron. Munchen 1955. 124 pp.
                                                          –, Offene Fragen zum Bischofsstuhl und Kaiserthron. Röm. Quartalschrift 66 (1971)
                                                             79-87.
                                                      N. IORGA, Rélations entre l‘Orient et l‘Occident, in ID., Etudes Byzantines, I, Bucarest
                                                          1939, pp. 165-298.
                                                      R. JANIN, L’empereur dans l’église byzantine. Nouv. Rev. Théol. 77 (1955) 49-60.
                                                          –, Les processions religieuses à Byzance. Rev. Ét. Byz. 24 (1966) 69-88.
                                                          –, Rôle des commissaries impériaux byzantins dans les conciles. Rev. Ét. Byz. 18
th century historians




                                                             (1960) 97-108.
                                                      E. JERG, Die “sustentatio” in der römischen Liturgie vor dem Hintergrund des
                                                         Kaiserlichen Hofzeremoniells. Ztschr. Kath. Theol. 80 (1958) 316-324.
                                                      E. JUNGER, C. SCHMITT, Il nodo di Gordio. Dialogo su Oriente e Occidente nella storia
                                                          del mondo, con introduzione di C. GALLI, Bologna 1987.
                                                      J. KABIERSCH, Untersuchungen zum Begriff der Philanthropia bei dem Kaiser Julian
                                                          (Klassisch-philolog. Studien 21). Wiesbaden 1960. X,96 pp.
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      E. H.. KANTOROWICZ, Constantinus Strator. Marginalien zum Constitutum Constantini,
                                                          in: Mullus. Festschrift Th. Klauser (Jahrb. Ant. U. Christent., Erg.-Bd. 1). Münster
                                                          1964, 181-189.
                                                          –, Kaiser Friedrich II. und das Königsbild des Hellenismus, in: Varia Variorum.
                                                              Festgabe f. K. Reinhardt. Münster-Köln 1952, 169-193.
                                                          –, Laudes Regiae. A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and Medieval Ruler Worship.
                                                              With a Study of the Music of the Laudes and Musical Trancsriptions by M. F.
                                                              Bukofzer. Berkeley-Los Angeles 1958. XXI, 292 pp., 15 tavv.
                                                          –, Oriens Augusti – Lever du roi. Dumb. Oaks Paper 17 (1963), pp. 117-177 (par-
                                                              tially reprinted in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 258-
                                                              280).
                                                          –, The King’s two Bodies. A Study in Medieval Political Theology, Princeton 1957,
                                                              reprinted 1981.
                                                      J.KARAYANNOPOULOS, Der frühbyzantinische Kaiser. BZ 49 (1956) 369-284 (ristam-
                                                          pato in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 235-258).
                                                          –, Konstantin der Groβe und der Kaiserkult. Historia 5 (1956) 341-357 (ristampato in
                                                             HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 109-132).
                                                      F. KERN Der Rex et Sacerdos in bildlicher Darstellung, in: Forschungen und Versuche
    –, Die Schönheitskonkurrenz in “Belthandros und Chrysantza” und die Brautschau
       am Byzantinischen Kaiserhof. Byzantion 35 (1965) 150-158.
    –, Kaiser Justinian I. (527-565). Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Phil.- hist. Kl. 102 (1965)
       339-356 (ristampato sopra pp. 333-352).
    –, Prooimion. Elemente der byzantinischen Kaiseridee in den Arengen der Urkunden
       (Wiener Byz. Studien 1). Wien 1964. 260 pp., 1 tavola.
    –, Reich der Neuen Mitte. Der christliche Geist der byzantinischen Kultur. Graz-
       Wien-Köln 1965. 472 pp., 29 illustrazioni.
    –, Zur Humanität Kaiser Andronikos’ II. ZRVI 8/1 (1963) (Mélanges G. Ostrogorsky I)
       149-152.
H.U. IINSTINSKY, Bischofsstuhl und Kaiserthron. Munchen 1955. 124 pp.
    –, Offene Fragen zum Bischofsstuhl und Kaiserthron. Röm. Quartalschrift 66 (1971)
       79-87.
N. IORGA, Rélations entre l‘Orient et l‘Occident, in ID., Etudes Byzantines, I, Bucarest
    1939, pp.165-298.
R. JANIN, L’empereur dans l’église byzantine. Nouv. Rev. Théol. 77 (1955) 49-60.
    –, Les processions religieuses à Byzance. Rev. Ét. Byz. 24 (1966) 69-88.
    –, Rôle des commissaries impériaux byzantins dans les conciles. Rev. Ét. Byz. 18
       (1960) 97-108.
E. JERG, Die “sustentatio” in der römischen Liturgie vor dem Hintergrund des
   Kaiserlichen Hofzeremoniells. Ztschr. Kath. Theol. 80 (1958) 316-324.
E. JUNGER, C. SCHMITT, Il nodo di Gordio. Dialogo su Oriente e Occidente nella storia
    del mondo, con introduzione di C. GALLI, Bologna 1987.
J. KABIERSCH, Untersuchungen zum Begriff der Philanthropia bei dem Kaiser Julian
    (Klassisch-philolog. Studien 21). Wiesbaden 1960. X,96 pp.
E.H. KANTOROWICZ, Constantinus Strator. Marginalien zum Constitutum Constantini,
    in: Mullus. Festschrift Th. Klauser (Jahrb. Ant. U. Christent., Erg.-Bd. 1). Münster
    1964, 181-189.
    –, Kaiser Friedrich II. und das Königsbild des Hellenismus, in: Varia Variorum.
       Festgabe f. K. Reinhardt. Münster-Köln 1952, 169-193.                                  Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
    –, Laudes Regiae. A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and Medieval Ruler Worship.
       With a Study of the Music of the Laudes and Musical Trancsriptions by M.F.
       Bukofzer. Berkeley-Los Angeles 1958. XXI, 292 pp., 15 tavv.
    –, Oriens Augusti – Lever du roi. Dumb. Oaks Paper 17 (1963), pp. 117-177 (par-
       tially reprinted in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 258-
       280).
    –, The King’s two Bodies. A Study in Medieval Political Theology, Princeton 1957,
       reprinted 1981.
J. KARAYANNOPOULOS, Der frühbyzantinische Kaiser. BZ 49 (1956) 369-284 (ristam-
    pato in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 235-258).
    –, Konstantin der Groβe und der Kaiserkult. Historia 5 (1956) 341-357 (ristampato in
       HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 109-132).
F. KERN Der Rex et Sacerdos in bildlicher Darstellung, in: Forschungen und Versuche
                                                          zur Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Festscrift, D. Schäfer zum 70.
                                                          Geburtstag dargebracht. Jena 1915, 1-5.
                                                          –, Gottesgnadentum und Widerstandsrecht im früheren Mittelalter ( Mittelalterliche
                                                             Studien I/2). Leipzig 1914 XXXII, 444 pp.
                                                      Th. KLAUSER, (Art.) Akklamation. Reallex. F. Ant. U. Christen. 1 (1950 [1942]) 216-232.
                                                          –, Aurum coronarium. Mittlg. Deutsch. Archäol. Inst., Röm. Abtlg. 59 (1944/48) 129-
                                                             153.
                                                      L. KNABEN, Die gelasianische Zweigewaltentheorie bis zum Ende des Investiturstreits
                                                          (Historische Studien 292). Berlin 1936, 174 pp.
                                                      L. KOCH, Christusbild – Kaiserbild. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Lösung der Frage nach dem
                                                          Anteil der byzantinischen kaiser an griechischen Bilderstreit. Bened. Monatsschr. 21
                                                          (1939) 85-105.
                                                      B. KOETTING, (Art.) Euergetes. Reallex f. Ant. U. Christent. 6 (1966 [1965]) 848—860.
                                                      E. KORNEMANN, Die römische Kaiserzeit (= J. Vogt u. E. Kornemann, Röm. Geschichte,
                                                          Einleitung in die Altertumswissenschaft hrgb. v. A. Gercke u. E. Norden, 3, Aufl., Bd.
                                                          III. H.2), Leipzig und Berlin 1933
                                                      I.KOTSONES,H θεσις του αυτοκρατορος του Βυζαντιου εν τη θεια λατρεια. Επιστημ.
th century historians




                                                          Σχολης Νομ. και Οικονομ. Επιστημων Πανεπιστ. Θεσσαλονικης, 8 (1960/63)
                                                          (Μνημοσυνον Π. Βιζουκιδου) 109-120.
                                                      R. KRAUTHEIMER, Tre capitali cristiane. Topografia e politica, Torino 1987 (ed. or.
                                                          1983).
                                                      O. KRESTEN, Zur sogenannten Pertinenzzeile der byzantinischen Kaiserurkunde.
                                                         Βυζαντινα 3 (1971) 55-68.
                                                      Ph. KOUKOULES, Βυζαντινων βιος και πολιτισμος. I. Athen 1984. 231 pp., 4 tavv. + 290
                                                             pp., 2 tavv; II. Athen 1984. 283 pp., 237 pp., 5 tavv.; III. Athen 1949. 403 pp., 8
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                             tavv.; IV. Athen 1951. 499 pp., 19 tavv. ; V. Athen 1952. 467 pp., 12 tavv.; V,
                                                             Παρατημα. Athen 1952. 118 pp.; VI. Athen 1955. 575 pp., 2 tavv. (Collection de
                                                             l’Institut Franç. 10.11.12.13.43.73.76.90).
                                                          –, Τα κατα την ταφην των βυζαντινων βασιλεων. 15 (1983) 52-78.
                                                      St. KYRIAKIDES, Ιστορικα σημειωματα. Α, Κωνσταντινος ο Μεγας και η αυτοκρα−
                                                            τορικη λατρεια, Ελληνικα, 17 (1960) 219-249.
                                                      D. LASSANDRO, Sacratissimus Imperator. L’immagine del princeps nell’oratoria tar-
                                                           doantica, Bari 2000.
                                                      V. LAURENT, Les droits de l’ empereur en matière ecclésiastique. L’accord de 1380-
                                                             1382. Rev. Ét. Byz. 13 (1955) 5-20.
                                                          –, Le serment de l’empereur Andronic II Paléologue au patriarche Athanase I, lors de
                                                             sa seconde accession au thrône œcuménique (sept. 1303). Rev. Ét. Byz. 23
                                                             (1965) 124-139.
                                                          –, L’ unité du monde vue de Byzance et son expression dans concilies genéraux des
                                                             neuf premiers siècles. Divinitas 2 (1961) 252-269.
                                                          –, Notes de titulature byzantine. Échos d‘Or. 38 (1939) 355-370.
                                                          –, Une lettre dogmatique de l’empereur Isaac l’Ange au primat de Hongrie. Échos
                                                             d’Or. 39 (1940) 59-77.
H. LECLERCQ, Constantin Porphyrogénète et le livre des cérémonies de la cour de
    Byzance = F. Cabriol et H. Leclercq, Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de la
    liturgie, III, 2 col. 2695-2713.
E. LEPORE, Il princeps ciceroniano e gli ideali politici della tarda Repubblica, Bologna
    1999.
A. LIPINSKY, L’evoluzione del diadema imperiale da Augusto a Maurizio Tiberio, in: Atti
     Congr. Intern. di Num., II. Roma 1965, 457-463.
E. LOHMEYER, Christuskult und Kaiserkult (Sammlungen gemeinverständl .Vorträge u.
    Schriften aus d. Gebiete d. Theologie und Religionswiss). Tübingen 1919. 58 pp.
H.P. L’OANGE, Expressions of Cosmic Kingship in the Ancient World, in: Studies in the
     History of Religions. The Sacral Kingship (Suppl. To Numen, 4). Leiden 1958, 481-
     492.
    –, Sol invictus inperator. Symbolae Osloenses 14 (1935) 86-114.
    –, Studies on the Iconography of Cosmic King in the Ancient World (Instit.
       Sammenlignende Kulturforskning, Ser. A: Forelesninger 23). Oslo 1953. 205 S.,
       140 Abb.
P. MAAS, Metrische Akklamationen der Byzantiner. Byz. Zeitschr. 21 (1912) 28-51.
Sabine MACCORMACK, Change and Continuity in Late Antiquity. The Ceremony of
    Adventus. Historia 21 (1972) 721-752.
S.G. MacCORMACK, Art and Ceremony in late Antiquity, Berkeley Los Angeles London,
    1981,
H.J. MAGOULIAS, Byzantine Christianity: Emperor, Church and the West. New York
    1970. 196 pp.
J. de MALAFOSSE, La monocratie byzantine, in: La monocratie, II. (Recueils de la
    Société Jean Bodin 21). Brüssel 1969, 31-55.
G.A. MANSUELLI I mosaici di Giustiniano e Teodora e il problema della rappresentazione
    iconografica ufficiale, in: Corsi di Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina, Ravenna,
    8-21 marzo 1970, 277-284.

                                                                                             Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
St. MASLEV, Die staatsrechtliche Stellung der Byzantinischen Kaiserinnen.
    Byzantinoslavica 27 (1966) 308-343.
J. MAURICE, Les pharaons romains. Byzantion 12 (1937) 71-103.
M. McCORMICK, Eternal Victory. Triumphal Rulership in late Antiquity, Byzantium and
   the early Medieval West, Cambridge Paris, 1986 (rist. 1990), italian translation
   Vittoria eterna. Sovranità trionfale nella tarda Antichità a Bisanzio e nell’Occidente
   Altomedievale, tr. it. di G. IAMARTINO, Milano 1993 (from english editing of 1986).
   McCormick does not make any use of the italian bibliography, which he does not
   quote at all.
H. MELAERTS, Le culte du souverain dans l’Egypte ptolemaique au IIIe siècle avant
    notre ére, Actes du Colloque interntional, Bruxelles 1995, Bruxelles 1996.
J. MEYENDORFF, Justinian, the Empire and the Church. Dumb. Oaks Papers 22 (1968)
    43-60.
G. MICHAELIDES-NOUAROS, Les idées philosophiques de Léon le Sage sur les limites
                                                          du pouvoir législatif et son attitude envers les coutumes. Επιστημ. 'Επετ Σχολης Νομ.
                                                          χαι Οιχονομ. 'Επιστημϖν Πανεπιστ. Ξεσσαλονιχης 8 (1960/63) (Mνημóσυνον
                                                          Bιζουχιδου) 27-54.
                                                      H. MICHAELIS, Der Thronbaldachin (Zum Verständnis eines Herrscher-symbols), in:
                                                         Aus der byzantinistischen Arbeit der DDR, vol. II, hrsg. Von J. Irmscher (Berl. Byz.
                                                         Arb. 6). Berlin 1957, 110-119.
                                                      A. MICHEL, Die Kaisermacht in der Ostkirche (843-1204). Ostkirchl. Studien 2 (1953) 1-
                                                          35. 89-109; 3 (1954) 1-28. 133-163; 4 (1955) 1-42. 221-260; 5 (1956) 1-32 (raccolti
                                                          in: Darmstadt 1959, 6 tavv., 227 pp.) (partially reprinted in HUNGER, Das byzanti-
                                                          nisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 206-234).
                                                          –, Papstwahl und Krönungsrecht oder das Papstwahlkonkordat von 1059. München
                                                              1936. XVI, 228 pp.
                                                      D.A. MILLER, Royauté et ambiguité sexuelle. Symbolique de la monarchie à Byzance.
                                                          Annales 26 (1971) 639-652.
                                                          –, The Emperor and the Ritual: Magic and Harmony, in “Byzantine Studies Etudes
                                                             Byzantines”, 6, 1-2 (1979).
                                                      T.S. MILLER, The Birth of the Hospital in the Byzantine Empire, Baltimore and London
th century historians




                                                          1985.
                                                      M. MITARD, Le pouvoir impérial au temps de Léon le Sage, in: Mélanges Ch. Diehl I.
                                                          Paris 1930, 217-223.
                                                      Anna MORISI, Ricerche sull’ideologia imperiale a Bisanzio. Acme 16 (1963) 119-181.
                                                      S. MUELLER-CHRISTENSEN, Das Gunthertuch im Bamberger Domschatz, Bamberg
                                                          1984.
                                                      D. NASTASE, L’aigle bicéphale dissimulée dans les armoiries des pays roumains. Vers
                                                          une crypto-héraldique, in Da Roma alla Terza Roma, Documenti e Studi, collana
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                          diretta da P. CATALANO e P. SINISCALCO. I, Roma Costantinopoli Mosca, Napoli
                                                          1983 pp. 357 ss.
                                                      H. NEUBAUER, Car und Selbstherrscher. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Autokratie in
                                                          Ruβand (Veröffentl. Osteuropa-Inst. München 22). Wiesbaden 1964. 236 pp.
                                                      D.M. NICOL, Byzantine Political Thought, in The Cambridge History of Medieval Political
                                                         Thought c. 350 – c. 1450, Edited by J.H. BURNS, Cambridge et alias, 1988, pp.51-
                                                         82.
                                                      D. OBOLENSKY, Il Commonwealth bizantino. L’Europa orientale dal 500 al 1453, tr. it.
                                                          Bari 1974.
                                                      W. OHNSORGE, Abendland und Byzanz. Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Geschichte der
                                                         byzantinisch-abendländischen Beziehungen und des Kaisertums. Weimar 1958
                                                         (reprinted Homburg vor der Höhe [= Darmstadt] 1963). VIII, 573 pp., 4 tavv., cfr. BZ
                                                         52 (1959) 387-391 (H.-G. Beck).
                                                         –, (Art.) Abendland und Byzanz. I. Das abendländische Kaisertum. Reallex. D.
                                                            Byzantinistik, Reihe A, 1 (Heft 3) (1969) 126-169.
                                                         –, Byzanz und das Abendland im 9. und 10. Jahrhundert. Zur Entwicklung des
                                                            Kaiserbegriffes und der Staatsideologie. Saeculum 5 (1954) 194-220 (ristampato
                                                            in: Abendland und Byzanz 1-49).
    –, Das Kaisertum der Eirene und die Kaiserkrönung Karls des Groβen. Saeculum 14
       (1963) 221-247 (ristampato in: Konstantinopel und der Okzident 49-92) (reprinted
       in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 281-332).
    –, Das Mitkaisertum in der abendländischen Geschichte des früheren Mittelalters.
       Ztschr. Savigny-Stiftung f. Rechtsgesch., Germ. Abtlg. 67 (1950) 309-335 (reprint-
       ed: Abendland und Byzanz 261-287).
    –, Das Zweikaiserproblem im früheren Mittelalter. Die Bedeutung des byzantinischen
       Reiches für die Entwicklung der Staatsidee in Europa. Hildesheim 1947, 143 pp.
    –, Der Patricius-Titel Karls des Groβen. Byz. Ztschr. 53 (1960) 300-321 (reprinted:
       Konstantinopel und der Okzident 1-28).
    –, Die Anerkennung des Kaisertums Ottos I. durch Byzanz. Byz. Ztschr. 54 (1961)
       28-52 (reprinted: Konstantinopel und der Okzident 176-207).
    –, Die Entwicklung der Kaiseridee im 9. Jahrhundert und Süditalien, in: W.
       Ohnsorge, Abendland und Byzanz 184-226 (reprinted in italian with the title “L’idea
       d’impero nel secolo nono e l’Italia meridionale” in: Atti III Congr. Internaz. Di Studi
       sull’Alto Medioevo. Spoleto 1959, 255-272).
    –, Die Idee der Mitregentschaft bei den Sachsenherrschern. Mittlg. Osterr.
       Staatsarchiv 25 (1972) 539-548.
    –, Konstantinopel im politischen Denken der Ottonenzeit, in: Polychronion,
       Festschrift Franz Dölger zum 75. Gebrtstag, hrsg. Von P. Wirth. Heidelberg 1966,
       VIII, 309 pp., 5 tav.
    –, Orthodoxus Imperator. Vom religiösen Motiv für das Kaisertum Karls des Groβen.
       Jahrb. Gesellsch. Niedersächs. Kirchengesch. 48 (1950) 17-28 (reprinted:
       Abendland und Byzanz 64-78).
    –, Ottos III. Legation an Basileios II. vom Jahre 998. Ein Beitrag zur Frage des
       byzantinischen Einflusses auf die Metallsiegelpraxis des Westens, in: W.
       Ohnsorge, Abendland und Byzanz 288-299.
    –, Renovatio regni Francorum, in: Festscherift z. 200-Jahrfeier d.Haus-, Hof- u.
       Staatsarchivs Wien, Bd. II. Wien 1952, 303-313 (reprinted: Abendland und Byzanz
       111-130).
B. OPFERMANN, Die liturgischen Herrscherakklamationen im Sacrum Imperium des
    Mittelalters. Weimar 1953. 226 pp. con 2 tavv.                                               Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
A.M. ORSELLI, La donna e il sole in Ap xii,1 tra esegesi e iconologia, Bologna 1992,
   Letture CISEC, I, 1992, n. 3.
   –, Santità militare e culto dei santi militari nell’impero dei romani (secoli VI-X),
      Bologna 1993.
   –, Santi e città. Santi e demoni urbani fra tardo-antico e alto medioevo, in XXXVI
      Settimana di Studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’alto Medioevo, Santi e demoni
      nell’alto Medioevo Occidentale (secoli V-XI), Spoleto 1989, pp. 794-795, 822-823.
G. OSTROGORSKY, Autokrator Johannes II. und Basileus Alexios. Annales Inst.
   Kondakov 10 (1938) 179-183.
   –, Avtokrator i samdrzac. Glas Srpske Kral. Akademija 164 (1935) 95-187, cfr. Byz.
      Ztschr. 35 (1935) 406-409 (B. Granic) e Byzantion 10 (1935) 763-775 (H. Grégoire).
   –, Bemerkungen zum byzantinischen Staatsrecht der Komnenenzeit. Südost-
      Forschungen 8 (1943) 261-270.
                                                          –, Das Mitkaisertum im mittelalterlichen Byzanz, in: E. Kornemann, Doppelprinzipat
                                                             und Reichsteilung im Imperium Romanum. Leipzig-Berlin 1930, 166-178.
                                                          –, Die byzantinische Staatenhierarchie. Seminarium Kondakovianum 8 (1936) 41-61.
                                                          –, Die Krönung Symeons von Bulgarien durch den Patriarchen Nikolaos Mystikos, in:
                                                             Actes du IV Congrès International des Etudes Byzantines, Sofia 1934, Bulletin de
                                                             l’Institut Archéologique Bulgare 9 (1935) 275-286.
                                                          –, Observations on the Aristocracy in Byzantium. Dumb. Oaks Papers 25 (1971) 1-
                                                             32.
                                                          –, Otnosenie cerkvi I gosudarstva v Vizantii (I rapporti fra stato e chiesa a Bisanzio
                                                             con riassunto in tedesco). Seminarium Kondakovianum 4 (1931)121-134.
                                                          –, recensione di O. Treitiger, Die oströmische Kaiser- und Reichsidee. Byz. Ztschr.
                                                             41 (1941) 211-223.
                                                          –, The Byzantine Emperor and the Hierarchical World Order. Slav. and East Eur.
                                                             Review 35 (1956) 1-14.
                                                          –, Urum – Despotes. Die Anfänge der Despoteswürde in Byzanz. Byz. Ztschr. 44
                                                             (1951) 448-460.
                                                          –, Zum Stratordienst in der byzantinisch-slawischen Welt. Seminarium
                                                             Kondakovianum 7 (1935) 187-204.
th century historians




                                                          –, Zur       Kaisersalbung     und     Schilderhebung       im     spätbyzantinischen
                                                             Krönungszeremoniell. Historia 4 (1955) (Festschrift W.Ensslin) 246-256 (ristam-
                                                             pato in HUNGER, Das byzantinisches Herrscherbild, cit., pp. 94-108)
                                                      G. OSTROGORSK, E. STEIN, Die Krönungsurkundendes Zeremonienbuches.
                                                         Chronologische und verfassungsgeschichtlische Bemerkungen. Byzantion 7 (1932)
                                                         185-233. Cfr. Byz. Ztschr. 36 (1936) 145-157 (F .Dölger).
                                                      J.-B. PAPAPDOPOULOS, Le mitatorion des églises byzantines, in: Mémorial L. Petit
                                                          (Archivies Or. Chrét. 1) Bukarest 1948, 366-372.
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                      D.E.J. PERL, Symbol, Sacrament and Hierarchy in Saint Dionysios the Areopagite, in
                                                          “The Greek Orthodox Theological Review”, 39 (1994), pp. 348-349.
                                                      A. PERTUSI, Il pensiero politico bizantino, a cura di A. CARILE, Bologna 1990 (ma
                                                          l’opera è degli anni 1968-1978).
                                                          –, Bisanzio e le insegne regali dei Dogi di Venezia. Riv. Stud. Biz. e Neoell. N. S. 2-
                                                             3 (1965/66) 277-284.
                                                          –, I principi fondamentali della concezione del potere a Bisanzio. Per un commento
                                                             al dialogo “Sulla scienza politica” attribuito a Pietro Patrizio (secolo VI). Bullet. Istit.
                                                             Stor. Ital. Per il Medioevo e Arch. Muratoriano 80 (1968) 1-23.
                                                          –, Quaedam regalia insignia. Ricerche sulle insegne del potere ducale a Venezia
                                                             durante il Medioevo. Studi Veneziani 7 (1965) 3-123.
                                                          –, Insegne del potere sovrano e delegato a Bisanzio e nei paesi di influenza bizan-
                                                             tina, in Simboli e simbologia nell’Alto Medioevo, 3-9 aprile 1975, XXIII Settimana
                                                             di Studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, II, Spoleto 1976, pp. 481-
                                                             568.
                                                      E. PETERSON, Christus als imperator. Cattolica. Vierteljahrsschr. F. Kontroverstheol. 5
                                                          (1936) 64-72.
                                                          –, Der Monotheismus als politisches Problem. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der poli-
                                                             tischen Theologie im Imperium Romanum. Lepizig 1935. 158 pp.
    –, Die Einholung des Kyrios. Ztschr. F. system. Theol. 7 (1929) 682-702.
    –, ΕΙΣ ΘΕΟΣ. Epigraphische, Formgeschichtliche und religionsgeschichtliche
       Untersuchungen (Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten u. Neuen
       Testaments, N. F. 24). Göttingen 1926. VIII, 346 pp., illustrazioni.
    –, Das Buch von den Engeln, Stellung und Bedeutung der heiligen Engel im Kultus,
       Leipzig 1935.
P. PICCININI, La regalità sacra da Bisanzio all’Occidente ostrogoto, Bologna 1991.
P. PICCININI, Costantino toi theoi philos. La lettura eusebiana della monarchia divina,
    Bologna 1989
    –, Costantino servo di Dio, in “Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Slavi”, 6(1989), pp. 1 ss.
G. PODSKALSKY, Byzantinische Reichseschatologie. Die Periodisierung der
   Weltgeschichte in der vier Großreichen (Daniel 2 und 7) und dem tausendjährigen
   Friendensreiche (Apok. 20) (München Universitätsschriften, Reihe Phil. Fak. 9).
   München 1972. X pp., 1 tav., 114 pp.
   –, Colloque du Départment d’Etudes Médiévales de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne
      (Paris IV), Jerusalem, Rome, Constantinople, L’image et le mythe de la ville au
      Moyen Age, Textes réunis par D. POIRION, Paris 1986.
G. RAVEGNANI, La corte di Bisanzio, Ravenna 1984, pp. 74.
J.J. REISKE, (ed), Costantini Porphyrogeniti imperatoris De cerimoniis aulae byzantinae
     libri duo. Bd. I. Bonn 1829. LXII, 807 S. Bd. II: Commentarii. Boon 1830. [IV] 940
     pp.
G. ROSCH, Ονομα βασιλειας. Studien zum offiziellen Gebrauch der Kaisertitel in
   Spaetantiker und Fruehbyzantinischer Zeit, Wien 1978.
K. ROSEN, Il pensiero politico dell’antichità, trad. it. di F. FERRARESI, Bologna 1999, ed.
    or. 1986, 1997.
St. RUNCIMAN, La teocrazia bizantina, tr. it., introduzione di V. PERI, Firenze 1988, ed.
    or. 1977, pp. 142
J.-M. SANSTERRE, Eusébe de Cèsarée et la naissance de la théorie «césaro-papiste».
    Byzantion 42 (1972) 131-195, 532-594.
J. SCHARF, Der Kaiser in Proskynese. Bemerkungen zur Deutung des Kaisermosaiks im             Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
    Narthex der Hagia Sophia von Konstantinopel, in: Festschrift P.E. Schramm zu
    seinem siebzigsten Geburtstag, Bg . I. Wiesbaden 1964, 27-35.
    –, Jus divinum. Aspekte und Perspektiven einer byzantinischen Zwei-gewaltentheo-
       rie, in: Polychronion, Festschrift Franz Dölger zum 75. Geburtstag, hrsg. Von P.
       Wirth. Heidelberg 1966, 462-479.
    –, Photios und die Epanagoge. BZ 49 (1956) 385-400.
A. SCHMEMANN, Byzantine Theocracy and the Orthodox Church. St. Vald. Sem. Quart.
    1 (1953) 5-22.
A.M. SCHNEIDER, Das byzantinische Zeremoniell und der Alte Orient. Jahrb.
   F.Kleinasiant. Forschung 2 (1952) 154-163.
P.E. SCHRAMM, Das Herrscherbild in der Kunst des früher Mittelalters, in: Vortäge der
    Bibliothek Warburg, hrsg. Von F. Saxl. II: Vorträge 1922-1923; 1. Teil. Leipzig-Berlin
    1924, 145-224.
                                                          –, Die Anerkennungn Karls des Großen als Kaiser. Ein Kapitel aus der Geschichte
                                                             der mittelalterlichen ,,Staatssymbolik’’. Hist. Ztschr. 172/73 (1951) 449-515.
                                                          –, (and others): Herrschaftszeichen und Staatssymbolik. Beiträge zu ihrer
                                                             Geschichte von dritten bis zum sechzehnten Jahrhundert. I. Stuttgard 1954. XXIV,
                                                             376 pp., 5 pictures, 40 maps. II. Stuttgart 1955. XVI pp., pp. 377-688, 15 pictures,
                                                             40 maps III. Stuttgart 1956. XXIV pp., pp. 689-1165, 8 pictures i, 48 maps
                                                             (Schriften der Monumenta Germanie Historica 13/I-III). Cfr. BZ 50 (1957) 405-436
                                                             (J. Deér).
                                                          –, Kaiser, Rom und Renovatio. Studien und Texte zur Geschichte des römischen
                                                             Erneuerungsgedankens von Ende des karolingischen Reiches bis zum
                                                             Investiturstreit (Studien Bibl. Warburg 17). 2 voll. Leipzig-Belin 1929. I: Studien .
                                                             XIV, 305 pp. II: Exkurse und Texte. VI. 185 pp. (2. ed. with the two parts united:
                                                             Darmstadt 1957).
                                                          –, “Mitherrschaft im Himmel”: Ein Topos des Herrscherkults in christlicher
                                                             Einkleidung, in: Polychronion, Festschrift Franz Dölger zum 75. Geburtstag, hrsg.
                                                             Von P. Wirth. Heidelberg 1966, 480-485.
                                                          –, Sphaera–Globus–Reichsapfel.           Wanderung          und       Wandlung        eines
                                                             Herrschaftszeichens von Caesar bis Elisabeth II. Ein Beitrag zum “Nachleben’’ der
th century historians




                                                             Antike. Stuttgart 1958. XI, 219 pp., 6 illustrazioni. 160 illustrazioni in 84 tavole, cfr.
                                                             BZ 54 (1961) 53-85, 291-318 (J. Deér).
                                                      P. SCHREINER, Zur Bezeichnung “Megas” und “Megas Basileus” in der byzantinischen
                                                          Kaisertitulatur . Buzantina 3 (1971) 175-192.
                                                      D. SCHUBERTH, Kaiserliche Liturgie. Die Einbeziehung von Musikinstrumenten, ins-
                                                          besondere der Orgel, in der frühmittelalterlichen Gottesdienst (Veröff Evang.
                                                          Gesellschaft f . Liturgieforschung 17). Göttingen 1968. 155 pp., 4 tavv.
                                                      K. Fürst von SCHWARZENBERG, Adler und Drach . Der Weltherrschaftsgedanke. Wien-
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                          München 1958. 392 pp., 49 pictures.
                                                      I. SEVCHENKO, A neglected Byzantine Source of Muscovite Political Ideology. Harvard
                                                           Slavic Studies 2 (1954) (Essays... dedicated to F .Dvornik) 141-179.
                                                      W. SICKEL, Das byzantinische Krönungsrecht bis zum 10. Jahrhundert. BZ 7 (1898) 511-
                                                          557.
                                                      B. SINOGOWITZ Die Begriffe Reich, Macht und Herrschaft im byzantinischen
                                                         Kulturbereich. Saeculum 4 (1898) 450-455.
                                                      A. V. SOLOVIEV, “Reges’’ et “Regnum Russiae” au moyen âge. Byzantion 36 (1966) 144-
                                                          173.
                                                      SPICQ, La philanthropie hellénistique, vertu divine et royale. Studia Teologica 12 (1958)
                                                         169-191.
                                                      E. STEIN, Post-consulat et autikratoriaAnnuaire Inst. Phil. Hist. Orient. Et Slaves 2 (1934)
                                                          (Mélanges Bidez) 869-912. Cfr. BZ 36 (1936) 123-145.
                                                          –, Zum mitteralterlischen Titel “Kaiser der Rhomäer’’. Forschungen und Fortschritte
                                                             6 (1930) 182-183.
                                                          –, Geschichte des spätrömischen Reiches, 1. Vom römischen zum byzantinischen
                                                             Staat, Wiem 1928.
    –, Untersuchungen zur spätbyzantinischen Verfassungs und Wirtschaftsgeschichte
       = Mitteilungen zur osmanischen Geschichte, II (1923-1925), Hannover 1925, pp.
       1-62.
A. STEINWENTER, NOMOS EMYUCOS. Zur Geschichte einer politischen Theorie.
    Anzeiger Akad. Wiss. Wein, phil.-hist. Kl. 83 (1946) 250 - 268.
B.K.STEPHANIDES,‘Ο ακραιος σταθμος της εξελιξεως των σχεσεων εκκλησιας και
    πολιτειας του βψζαντινου και τα αμεσα αποτελεσματα αυτου (1416-1439).
    Επετ. Εταιρ. Βυζ. Σπουδ. 23 (1953) (Κανισκιον Φ. Κουκουλε) 27-40.
    –, Ο Μεγας Κωνσταντινος και η λατρεια των αυτοκρατορων. Επετ. Εταιρ. Βυζ.
       Σπουδ. 8 (1931) 214-226.
    –, Τα ορια της εκκλησιαστικης νομοθεσιας των βυζαντινων αυτοκρατορων.
       Επετ. Εταιρ. Βυζ .Σπουδ. 25 (1955) 12-27.
P. STOCKMEIER, Konstantinische Wende und kirchengeschichtliche Kontinuität. Hist.
    Jahrb. 82 (1963) 1-21.
    –, Leo I. des Groβen Beurteilung der kaiserlichen Religionspolitik (Münchener Theol.
       Studien, I. Abtlg., Bd. 14). Münchn 1959. XIX, 226 pp., 1 tav.
    –, Zum Problem des sogenannten “konstantinischen Zeitalters”. Trier. Theol. Ztschr.
       76 (1967) 197-216.
N. SVORONOS, Le serment de fidélité à l’empereur byzantin et sa signification constitu-
    tionnelle, in: Actes VI Congr. Intern. Et. Byz., I. Paris 1950, 191-197.
F. TAEGERr, Charisma. Studien zur Geschichte des antiken Herrscherkultes, I. Stuttgart
    1957. 460 pp. vol. II. Stuttgart 1960. X, 718 pp.
Vasilika, TAPKOVA-ZAIMOVA, L’idee imperiale à Byzance et la tradition étatique bulgare.
    Βυζαντινα 3 (1971) 289-295.
F. TINNEFELD, Kategorien der Kaiserkritik in der byzantinischen Historiographie von
    Prokop bis Niketas Choniates.München 1971, 205 pp.
C. TOUMANOFF, Caesaropapism in Byzantium and Russia. Theol. Studies 7 (1946) 213-
    243.
    –, Christian Caucasia Between Byzantium and Iran: New Light from Old Sources.
       Traditio 10 (1954) 109-189.                                                         Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
O. TREITINGER, Die ostroemische Kaiser und Reichsidee nach ihrer Gestaltung im hoe-
    fischen Zeremoniell vom Ostroemischen Staats und Reichsgedanken, II ed.,
    Darmstdt 1956,
    –, (Art.) Baldachin. Reallex. f. Ant. U. Christent. 1 (1950) 1150-1153.
    –, Die oströmische Kaiser- und Reichsidee nach ihrer Gestaltung im höfischen
       Zeremoniell. Jena 1938 (reprinted Darmstadt 1969). XIV, 246 S. – Reviews: Επετ.
       Εταιρ. Βυζ. Σπουδων 14 (1938) 523 - 528 (D. Xanalatos); Hist. Jahrb. 59 (1939)
       498-502 (A. Michel); Deutsche Litztg. 62 (1941) 170-177 (W. Enβlin); Jahrb.
       Gesch. Osteur. 5 (1940) 468-470 (B. Rubin); BZ 41 (1941) 211-223 (G.
       Ostrogorsky).
    –, Review of J.A. STRTAUB, Vom Herrscherideal in der Spätantike. BZ 41 (1941)
       197-210.
    –, Vom oströmischen Staats- und Reichsgedanken. Leipziger Vierteljahrsschr. F.
                                                             Südosteur. 4 (1940) 1-26 (ristampato: Die oströmische Kaiser- und Reichsidee
                                                             247-274).
                                                      K. TREU, Byzantinische Kaiser in der Schreibernotizen griechischer Handschriften. BZ
                                                          65 (1972) 9-34.
                                                      S. TROIANOS, Die Sonderstellung des Kaisers im früh- und mittelbyzantinischen kirch-
                                                          lichen Prozeß. Βυζαντινα 3 (1971) 71-80.
                                                          –, Συμβολη εις την ερευναν των υπο των βυζαντινϖων αυτοκρατορων παρε−
                                                              χομενων ενορκων εγγυησεων. Επετ. Κεντρου Ερευνης Ιστ. Ελλ. Δικαιου 12
                                                              (1965) 130-168.
                                                      C. TSIRPANLIS, Byzantine Parliaments and Representative Assemblies from 1081 to
                                                          1351. Κληρονομια 5 (1973) 28-72.
                                                          –, The Imperial Coronation and Theory in ‘’De cerimoniis aulae byzantinae’’ of
                                                             Constantine VII Porphyrogennitus. Κληρονομια 4 (1972) 63-91.
                                                      P. VACZY, Culte imperial et adoration chretienne des images. Studi Biz. E Neoell. 7 (Atti
                                                          VIII Congr. Internaz. Studi Biz. Palermo) (1953).
                                                      A. VASILIEV, Harun-ibn-Yahya and his description of Constantinople, Seminarium
                                                         Kondakovianum 5 (1932) 149-163.
th century historians




                                                      J. VERPEAUXx, Contribution a l’etude de l’administration byzantine: μεσαζων.
                                                          Byzantinoslavica 16 (1955) 270-296.
                                                          –, (ed): Pseudo- Kodinos, Traité des offices. Paris 1966. 420 pp.
                                                      G. VESPIGNANI, Simbolismo magia e sacralità dello spazio circo, Bologna 1994.
                                                      G. VESPIGNANI, Il circo e le fazioni del circo nella storiografia bizantinistica recente, in
                                                          “Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Slavi”, 5 (1985), pp. 61-103.
                                                      G. VESPIGNANI, Il circo di Costantinopoli Nuova Roma, Spoleto 2001, pp. 230.
                                                      A. VOGT (ed.), Constantin VII Porphyrogenete, Le livre des ceremonies. I: Livre I,
A Carile Political theology in Byzantium as seen by




                                                          chapitres 1-46 (37). Texte. Paris 1935. XI, 179 numerazione doppia pp. 180-183.
                                                          Commentaire. Paris 1935. XXXIII, 194 pp., 2 carte. II: Livre I, chapitres 47 (38)-
                                                          92(83). Texte. Paris 1939. XI, 186 dopple pages pp. 187-193. Commentaire. Paris
                                                          1940. XVI, 205 pp., 1 carta. Cfr. BZ 37 (1937) 126-130 And 41 (1941) 453-455.
                                                      J. VOGT, Bemerkungen zum Gang der Constantinforschung, in: Mullus. Festschrift Th.
                                                          Klauser (Jahrb. Ant. U. Christent., Erg.-Bd. 1).Münster 1964, 374-379.
                                                          –, Constantin der Groβe und sein Jahrhundert. München 1949 (1960). 303 pp., 16
                                                             tavv.
                                                          –, (Art.) Constantinus der Groβe.Reallex. f. Ant. U. Christent. 3 (1957 [1956]) 306-
                                                             379.
                                                          –, Konstantin der Groβe und das Christentum. Ergebnisse und Aufgaben der
                                                             Forschung (Schriftenreihe des Internationalen Konstantinordens 2). Männedorf-
                                                             Zürich 1960. 9 pp.
                                                      K. VOIGTt, Staat und Kirche von Kostantin dem Groβen bis zum Ende der Karolingerzeit,
                                                          Stuttgart 1936; reprinted Aalen 1965, X, 460 pp. cfr. Gnomon 14 (1938) 211-217 (W.
                                                          Enβlin).
                                                      D.P. WALKER, Spiritual and demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella, London 1958,
                                                          1969 2a ed.
C. WALTER, The Coronation of a Co-Emperor in Skylitzes Matritensis, in: Resumes-
   Communications XIV Congr. Intern. E’t. Byz. Bucarest. Bucarest. Bukarest 1971,
   120-121.
T. WASILEWSKI, La place de l’état russe converti dans l’Europe chrétienne, in Il batte-
    simo delle terre russe. Bilancio di un millennio, a cura di S. GRACIOTTI, Firenze
    1991, pp. 56-58.
P.R. C. WEAVER, Familia Caesaris. A Social Study of the Emperor’s Freedmen and
    Slaves. Cambridge 1972. XII, 330 pp.
A. WIFSTRAND, Autokrator, Kaisar, Basileus, in: DRAGMA , Martino P. Nilsson...dedica-
    tum. Lund 1939, 529- 539.
R.M. WOOLLEY, Coronation Rites (The Cambridge Handbooks of Liturgical Study).
   Cambridge 1915. XVI, 207 pp.
F.A. YATES, Astrea. L’idea di impero nel Cinquecento, tr. it. di E.BUSAGLIA, Torino 1978.
G. ZECCHINI, Il pensiero politico romano. Dall’età arcaica alla tarda antichità, Roma
    1997, pp. 181.
A.W. ZIEGLER, Die byzantinische Religionspolitik und der sog. Caesaropapismus, in:
   Münchener Beiträge zur Slavenkunde. Festgabe f. P. Diels (Veröff. Osteuropa-Inst.
   München 4) München 1953, 81-97.




                                                                                            Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
