La sezione di moda e documentazione sartoriale del Museo Davia Bargellini di Bologna: storia, conservazione ed esposizioni
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/6176
Negli ultimi anni il Museo Davia Bargellini di Bologna ha costituito la Sezione di Moda e documentazione sartoriale grazie alle donazioni ricevute da privati e sartorie che hanno cessato l’attività. Ad oggi l’intero nucleo collezionistico è formato da materiale documentario (figurini, modelli in tela, cartamodelli, foto di sfilate, campionari di tessuti, riviste e cataloghi), pizzi e merletti (finiture e manufatti interi), biancheria (personale e per la casa) e molti abiti con complementi e accessori (da bambino, femminili e maschili) databili dal XVIII al XXI secolo. Questo contributo, oltre a delineare la contestualizzazione di una collezione di moda e sartoria in un museo di arti applicate, illustra la formazione della Sezione del museo (storia), i problemi e le modalità di catalogazione in corso dei materiali (conservazione) e i contenuti delle prime comunicazioni al pubblico (mostre), che hanno evidenziato il rapporto tra gli stilisti che hanno fatto la moda e le sartorie locali che hanno interpretato i modelli più in voga. La collezione consente infatti di esplorare la storia sociale e la produzione delle sartorie come radice “artigianale” dello stile italiano, cioè del Made in Italy.
application/pdf
1973-9494
6176
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Giancarlo Benevolo
Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Davia Bargellini Museum
The Fashion and Sartorial Documentation Section of the Davia Bargellini Museum of Bologna. History, conservation and exhibition
Text.Serial.Journal
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/
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Articles
2015-12-30
2016-05-31
2015-12-30
2017-09-04
191-233
CSCH
Giancarlo Benevolo
2015/12/30
10.6092/issn.1973-9494/6176
191
Musei Civici d’Arte Antica di Bologna
1973-9494
Davia Bargellini Museum
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233
Musei Civici d’Arte Antica di Bologna: www.museibologna.it/arteantica/notizie/57719/offset/ [accessed 4/8/2015]
The Fashion and Sartorial Documentation Section of the Davia Bargellini Museum of Bologna. History, conservation and exhibition
https://conservation-science.unibo.it/article/download/6176/5947
15
T   HE FASHION AND SARTORIAL DOCUMENTATION SEC-
    TION OF THE DAVIA BARGELLINI MUSEUM OF BOLOGNA
History, conservation and exhibition

   Silvia Battistini, Giancarlo Benevolo*
   Musei Civici d’Arte Antica di Bologna, Italy

   Keywords: archives, fashion, museum, conservation, Bologna, Davia Bargellini Museum


   1. Introduction

   In the last five years, a series of generous donations from private citizens and tailors
of Bologna has enabled the Davia Bargellini Museum collection to finally take shape.
The characteristics and consistency of the collection will be described in the following
sections. The decision to accept this sort of material arose from the need to document
various aspects of a traditional craft (mostly local) which was falling into disuse. The
Davia Bargellini Museum brings together collections of handcrafted objects ranging
from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century and boasts an extensive selection of
embroidered vestments, but a fashion collection was missing from the historical collec-
tions. The wish is to keep alive the memory of these highly specialized crafts, which for
centuries employed a considerable amount of labor, through the various artifacts, work
instruments and documentary materials of this new section.
   Paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 are by Silvia Battistini and paragraphs 5, 6, 7 are by Giancarlo
Benevolo.




                                                                                                    CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
  2. A Twentieth Century museum: The Museum of Industrial Art and the Davia
Bargellini Gallery (Museo Civico d’Arte Industriale e Galleria Davia Bargellini)

    On November 20, 1924, the city of Bologna inaugurated an “old” museum with a
modern purpose: the Davia Bargellini Museum. It consists of eight rooms with a vast
number of handcrafted artistic objects, furniture and sculptures (all municipal prop-
erty), in addition to paintings from the Davia Bargellini family, who constructed the
building which houses the museum 1.
    The exhibition criteria were in fact those in widespread use during the nineteenth
century for applied arts: a series of objects divided by type and in large numbers, but
juxtaposed to recreate the ambiance of an old house. Its founder, Francesco Malaguzzi
Valeri, wished to evoke the atmosphere of a noble eighteenth century residence. Like
all European museums of applied arts (or industrial art), the aim of this new cultural
institution was to educate the visitor in criteria of good taste and provide as many ex-
amples as possible of ancient art works and handcrafted objects so they could be used
as models by art students and artisans specialized in different fields. This thus explains


* Corresponding author: giancarlo.benevolo@comune.bologna.it


                                                                                              191
                                                                                                               the need to exhibit such diverse categories of materials which include decorative furni-
                                                                                                               ture embellishments, keys, wrought iron, ceramics and pottery, carved wood, furniture
                                                                                                               and small-scaled models, embossed leather, decorated papers, embroidered fabrics,
                                                                                                               glass, rare tools, as well as paintings, drawings and sculptures. Everything resulting
                                                                                                               from man’s industriousness needed to be represented in some way. Hence, the “Muse-
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               um of Industrial Art”, a concept difficult to understand today, but at the time frequently
                                                                                                               used to define the museum, giving it a more precise significance and highlighting the
                                                                                                               artistic value of the contents. The museographic idea adopted by Malaguzzi Valeri was
                                                                                                               therefore well-established, even though in some respects a little outdated2. What was
                                                                                                               new was the innovative approach he introduced to “enjoying” the museum. In fact, it
                                                                                                               was the first museum in Bologna to use electric lighting, allowing afternoon visiting
                                                                                                               hours in the winter, and even evening opening times. The museum had to satisfy the
                                                                                                               expectations of its visitors and included not only those who were art enthusiasts, but
                                                                                                               also - in the wake of new socialist ideas which were very popular in the city after the
                                                                                                               First World War – workers and students. Malaguzzi Valeri worked almost five years on
                                                                                                               the formation of this museum, firmly convinced that Bologna should have such a place,
                                                                                                               where the highest cultural traditions met the most renowned craftsmanship. His wish
                                                                                                               was to safeguard their memory by combating against their dispersion and destruc-
                                                                                                               tion. To this end, he procured, held in trust and accepted as donations thousands of
                                                                                                               pieces. For over ninety years, the decision-making and management of successive
                                                                                                               museum officials continued in the same spirit, together with that of the general public,
                                                                                                               who continued to cherish this place as a source of inspiration and a treasure trove
                                                                                                               of memories. This has meant that over the years there have always been important
                                                                                                               donations (Liberty style wrought iron made in a workshop in Bologna, the memorabilia
                                                                                                               of a precursor of the local cycling group, a collection of ceramic devotional plaques),
                                                                                                               as well as acquisitions from deposits (from fourteenth century paintings to nineteenth
                                                                                                               century terracotta statues for nativity scenes) and naturally the creation of the fashion
                                                                                                               and sartorial documentation section.


                                                                                                                  3. The fashion and sartorial documentation section: work in progress

                                                                                                                  Generally, a museum’s acquisitions policy is based on specific criteria that need
                                                                                                               to take into account various factors such as, its mission, the nature of the collection,
                                                                                                               the availability of exhibition and storage space and the cultural projects of the institu-
                                                                                                               tion. In particular, Italian public museums have had to greatly limit their acquisitions
                                                                                                               for many years and in many cases also suffer from a chronic lack of storage space.
                                                                                                               Therefore, the museum only acquires materials that enhance and complement its
                                                                                                               collections.
                                                                                                                  It was with this intent that the acquisition of additional materials in effect gave life to
                                                                                                               the new collection of the Davia Bargellini Museum, consisting of memorabilia belong-
                                                                                                               ing to the Bolognese cyclist, Antonio Pezzoli (1870-1943), whose family, in 1953, had
                                                                                                               already donated the penny-farthing he had won various competitions with between
                                                                                                               1889 and 1891.This donation, made by his nephew Stefano Pezzoli, as well as the
                                                                                                               medals and banners received as prizes for his achievements, also included the hat,
                                                                                                               racing scarf and the clothes he used during his training. To these were added a series
                                                                                                               of laces and some samples of personal underwear and household linen dating back
                                                                                                               to the early twentieth century, which with their elegance bear testimony to very fine


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handiwork. This was how the section became the nucleus of the collection, which,
since 2010, has acquired all kinds and types of textile artifacts and instruments, use-
ful to document the processes required to produce these objects (including sewing
machines, ironing boards, dressmaker weights, square rulers and linear rulers). In
addition to this tangible heritage, there is the information gathered from the personal
accounts of donors, at times memories related to the use of the object and other times
related to its creation or acquisition. Transcribing this information helps to contextual-
ize the artifact and understand its function; therefore – as will be noted in the following
paragraph – it was necessary to catalog these items under specific headings so as to
include this specific kind of data which is normally missing when items are found on
the art market.
    The first donations occurred due to “word of mouth” between acquaintances who
had family objects of great importance and who had contacts with tailoring businesses
on the verge of closing. The steady flow of numerous materials led to the launch of
its presentation to the public, in order to give visibility to the museum’s new activity
and better understand its potential attraction. Thus, since 2012 a series of exhibitions
have been arranged, which have proven fundamental in the future growth of the col-
lection. In effect, the temporary exhibitions have provided an opportunity for potential
donors to contact the museum, proving once again that after ninety years since its
foundation, it is not only a container for works of art, but also a vital institution and
an important reference point for their preservation. For this reason, donations of very
diverse entity have been accepted, be it for the number of pieces or for their quality. It
has often been just one item, but of significant importance, such as a wedding dress
or a garment for formal occasions. Most times however, the items, have come directly
from the clients of prestigious tailors, both local and non-local. In one particular case,
the donation had mixed features. The Bolognese tailor, Giuseppina Cuppini, has do-
nated many dresses made during the course of her career, and also a collection
gathered over the years in her passionate search for particular items. Thanks to her




                                                                                                    CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
passion, the section includes a man’s suit in embroidered silk from the late eighteenth
century and some valuable furnishings and accessories from the beginning of the
twentieth century.
    What is rather “unique” for a public museum – not only exclusively dedicated to
fashion – is the variety, quality and quantity of the documentary materials it has gath-
ered together through donations from the tailor Maria Luisa Canedi, who for over
50 years dedicated her life to dressing important members of the middle class. The
possibility of accepting this donation was carefully evaluated from a practical view-
point as it was evident that the considerable number of objects of diverse typologies
needed time and precision to be reorganized, a matter not without logistic difficulties,
considering the lack of available storage space to house them in. However, it was
essential to finalize the acquisition, fully aware of the rarity of the items, which meant
they would certainly have been dispersed or destroyed had they not been consigned
to the museum. The sole objection to this documentation is that it refers to a relatively
recent period, that mostly covers the last 40 years. Thus, these materials are not yet
fully “historicized,” and can undoubtedly be found in stores specialized in twentieth
century art. However, it is their very origin and use inside the tailor’s that gives them
their distinctive value and bear testimony to the procedures that were practiced at the
time (Figure 1)3.



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S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               Figure 1. Core collections in the Fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia
                                                                                                               Bargellini Museum.



                                                                                                                  4. Reorganization and conservation of the material

                                                                                                                  As mentioned before, these materials have often been acquired in large quantities and
                                                                                                               consist of a considerable variety of categories of textile and paper. The collection is there-
                                                                                                               fore being gradually reorganized, with high priority being given to clothes, furnishings and
                                                                                                               accessories and for which an inventory list has been compiled and a model index card for
                                                                                                               each “typology” created. The first is necessary to rapidly find correspondences between
                                                                                                         194
object, inventory number and location in the storage room. The second analytically collects
all information relating to the piece and its history, before and after entering the museum.
    At times, the need to place a garment alongside its accessories (shoes, bags, gloves,
etc.) or with other materials within the section, led to the modification of the model index
card for antique and contemporary garments (VeAC - Vestimenti antichi e contemporanei),
developed by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage (Ministero dei Beni Culturali) and accompa-
nied by a useful word list4. This instrument has in fact proven to be efficient for filing antique
clothing with extremely complex specific tailored structures and decorative elements.
    The decision to add specific items, based on the catalogue of demoethnoanthropologi-
cal materials (BDM - Beni Demoetnoantropologici Materiali)5 came after careful reflection,
also as a result of awareness of the problems linked to the materials in this section. It was
considered fundamental to presume that with this detailed model, there would be fields
describing how the item was used. From a practical point of view, the new catalogue was
defined by Laura Crosina during the course of research for her thesis in Museology, part
of the Bachelor degree in Cultural Heritage at the University of Bologna (Figures 2 and 3)6.




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Figure 2. Dress by the Roberto Capucci atelier reproducing the style of the haute couture model
“Metamorphosis” presented in Paris in 1984.



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S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               Figure 3. Adaptation of the VeAC index card to catalogue the Capucci gown (the added items are
                                                                                                               in green, the items taken from the BDM card in blue).



                                                                                                         196
    The garments in the collection belong to three categories: children, women and
men. Depending on the period these fabrics were created and the different sartorial
techniques used, these artifacts have different conservation needs as well as differ-
ent conservation problems. Until now, maintenance and restoration have only been
for very valuable items on display to the public, in a precarious state of conservation;
other interventions have been programmed in the near future for several garments be-
longing to the late nineteenth century. The museum does not have a laboratory or any
specialized staff to carry out this kind of procedure and consequently relies on raising
extraordinary funds for any necessary work.
    All garments in the museum have been worn at least once and inevitably have signs
of damage due to use, such as stains, loose stitching, missing buttons, trimmings and
embroidery, ripped linings, as well as marks, yellowing and wrinkles or creases (which
often lead to tears in the fabric) caused by poor storage over time. Some artifacts
have been modified by removing parts or unstitching hems, in order to adapt to a new
fashion or a change in the wearer’s size. In the event of the possibility of restoring the
garment’s original form, it was given to the specialized designer and dressmaker, Ms.
Learta Grimandi.
    The garments are stored on clothes stands and placed inside special plastic cases
or wrapped in canvas, but never sealed in air-tight containers. Furthermore, inside
the storage space there are special moth-repelling products. The smallest and most
delicate furnishings, accessories or items, are instead wrapped in tissue paper and
placed inside a protective box. On each item, there is an antacid label with its inventory
number. In order not to alter the garments in any way and to reinforce them, a thread
is passed through buttonholes, zipper sliders, buttons and along inside seams, which
were easily accessible but at the same time inconspicuous, so as not to disturb the
visitor’s viewing of the exhibits.
    The overall condition of the textile collection is good, albeit already ruined upon
their arrival at the museum. This is because donations have been accepted consist-




                                                                                                    CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
ing of multiple pieces, some of which were in poor condition as a result of wear and
tear. There is no doubt that the objects and the parts more prone to being damaged,
are the embroidery and the embellishments added to the clothes, in particular those
made with metal threads (which tend to break with ease as a result of rough handling),
glass beads and small pearl beads (which with their weight can break the thread that
holds them). In addition, colored feathers were very fashionable in the early twentieth
century, with the quills usually attached to a support, which in time tended to break off7.
    For the time being however, a temporary space for the deposit has been found, for
all material typologies, while waiting to set up the storage area where only the clothes
will be kept. The deposit communicates with a room in which the heating/cooling sys-
tem is located, due to the presence of an opening in the upper part of the dividing wall,
which means temperature and humidity values are almost constant throughout the
year and air circulation is guaranteed. It therefore has no direct effect on the items.
    The cataloguing of paper materials involves a very different approach and is more
complex because they are of considerably diverse typologies (fashion sketches, pa-
per patterns, official photos of fashion shows, magazines, sales catalogues and fab-
ric samples). These are precious elements because they allow us to reconstruct the
manufacturing process of an item, starting right from the original sketch or model.
However, very few examples provide the possibility of documenting the whole proce-



                                                                                              197
                                                                                                               dure, therefore, the demonstration of each step in any procedure becomes particularly
                                                                                                               important and necessary to understanding their relationship.
                                                                                                                   In some cases, designs exist (usually photocopies of the original) to which is pinned
                                                                                                               the cloth sample intended to make the dress. This paper may be attached with adhe-
                                                                                                               sive tape to an envelope that contains the pattern of the gown. If the item is designed
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               by a fashion house, the original photo can be found within the fashion show collection
                                                                                                               or published in a fashion magazine. Sometimes, a famous designer draws a model
                                                                                                               and sketches a design according to a commission from a textile manufacturer. With
                                                                                                               these papers it is possible to report the details needed to identify the fabrics in the
                                                                                                               sales catalogs of the partner company. As this is a complex operation, it is necessary
                                                                                                               to prepare an inventory table that on the one hand allows references to be inserted,
                                                                                                               and on the other to use different descriptive criteria for each type of material in order
                                                                                                               to distinguish the specificity of each “type” and its rarity within the public collection. It is
                                                                                                               also for this reason that previously tried and tested cataloging models cannot be used
                                                                                                               as they are inadequate.
                                                                                                                   In fact, the criteria for reorganizing and filing company archives or museums are
                                                                                                               linked to the manufacturing year and product line8. Therefore, they are not applicable
                                                                                                               to the material present in the museum – in particular, fashion sketches, paper patterns
                                                                                                               and photographs – on which there is often no reference to the year of their production
                                                                                                               or their creator.
                                                                                                                   In the specific case of patterns, essentially an instrument of work, sometimes two
                                                                                                               or more different pieces have been joined together, at the discretion and whim of the
                                                                                                               seamstress and to meet the needs of the customers.
                                                                                                                   The repeated use of the paper materials and their considerable number, has strong-
                                                                                                               ly affected the state of conservation, preventing the possibility of proceeding in the
                                                                                                               short-term with any maintenance operations by specialized personnel. Therefore, as
                                                                                                               the reorganization proceeds, special care is given to laying out the materials inside
                                                                                                               containers (bags or boxes, depending on the type) that will limit their degradation and
                                                                                                               facilitate storage and use. The inventory of the paper materials will necessarily take
                                                                                                               place after understanding the exact magnitude and content of the stock. Based on the
                                                                                                               results it will be possible to evaluate the most functional archiving system, especially
                                                                                                               for fashion sketches and paper sewing patterns (for example, chronology, manufac-
                                                                                                               turer, type of item). We are currently making a careful examination of the pattern tem-
                                                                                                               plates in order to compile a table that shows the number of pieces in its assemblage,
                                                                                                               the kind of clothes that can be created, the presence of written notes either printed
                                                                                                               (dates, collection, manufacturer and instructions for cutting or assembling) or handwrit-
                                                                                                               ten by the seamstress (measurements and name of the customer, alterations, fabric to
                                                                                                               be used), as well as the presence of textile samples or sketches.
                                                                                                                   The reorganization of magazines is much simpler, due to the fact that library stand-
                                                                                                               ards were adopted and applied by making slight changes to them and to the cata-
                                                                                                               logues for the promotion and sale of fabrics. The use of this process has given them
                                                                                                               added value, by providing extra information from notes, printed pages from other vol-
                                                                                                               umes, photos inserted between pages, samples of cloth fastened with pins, etc.. As far
                                                                                                               as possible, it is important to give an account of this complexity and make a record of
                                                                                                               all particularities by filling out a macro-datasheet for each year.
                                                                                                                   The filing and cataloguing of sketches remains a problem, since in some cases, they
                                                                                                               are attached to the paper sewing patterns and are, for the most part, stored in portfolios,
                                                                                                               often mixed with reproductions of the garments (photos or newspaper clippings).


                                                                                                         198
   With the numerous official photos from fashion shows, came the choice to follow
the cataloging models established by the Ministry, using catalogue F9. However, it was
decided that the same procedure be used as for garments, at the same time insert-
ing several items from the Ministry’s “OA” catalogue for art works, to better document
the relationship with other materials in the section, but above all, to comprehensively
explain the content (name of the designer, year and season of production, location of
the fashion show, name of the model, etc.). This adjustment was also designed and
developed by Laura Crosina (Figures 4 and 5)10.
   The reorganization of the materials in the fashion and sartorial documentation sec-
tion aims to make them accessible to an audience of fashion historians and - the first
for a public Italian collection - to creatives in search of ideas. This means the mission
of the museum continues to go forward precisely as its founder conceived it ninety
years ago, convinced that this local institution should be a place of the present dealing
with the past.




                                                                                                  CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE




Figure 4. Photo of a 1990s Karl Lagerfeld model.



                                                                                            199
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               Figure 5. Adaptation of the F index card to catalogue the photo of the Karl Lagerfeld model (the
                                                                                                               added items are in green, the items taken from the VeAC catalogue are in fuchsia).




                                                                                                         200
   5. Study of the designers, companies and tailors, between verbal sources and
   methodological issues

    One of the issues that soon became closely linked to understanding most of
the donations was to verify the origin of the production of the attire, since not all
were labeled, especially in the case of bespoke clothing. In this regard, information
provided by the donors proved to be useful. While relying on the museum for the
conservation of the garment which had been part of their personal and professional
history, the donor would tell the story of who had produced the item, those who had
worn it and on what occasions, when they had been made, altered and by whom. In
practice, as well as material objects, the donors provided the museum with valuable
information that has helped improve historical knowledge about dating and tech-
niques for producing garments, which as a result have incited investigations into the
designers, companies, and the tailors-dressmakers who made them11. However,
observations were made regarding the use of verbal sources and investigations into
the origin of the production. Verbal testimonies are essential, and usually the only
insight into the history of a garment, but they are also subjective interpretations and
memories that cannot always be verified. With respect to clothes production, it is
necessary instead, to distinguish between donated items produced by well-known
designers and companies that have created fashion (for which there is ample docu-
mentation)12, and those garments produced by local tailors who have interpreted
and adapted bespoke fashion for a vast and varied audience13; the museum pos-
sesses a large number of the latter items most of which are from Bologna. In this
case, the problem is in tracing their historical profiles, because ateliers were work-
places that did not generally keep archives and instead relied on word of mouth to
transmit the memory of their craft. This, in part, reflected their internal organization
which distinguished them from the system of high fashion (which, stylistically, they
drew inspiration from) and from prêt à porter – ready to wear clothes – which would




                                                                                                   CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
establish itself during the 60s14.
    In Bologna, in the years from 1945-1965, laboratories that produced women’s at-
tire (and others), would organize their work according to the criteria of artisans. Apart
from domestic tailoring, which consisted of one or two seamstresses, in laboratories
with a larger number of staff, each garment was made entirely by one basic unit made
up of a teacher, the assistant and one or two apprentices. The seamstresses were
temporary workers who often remained without a contract for at least two months a
year and many had to move from one tailor to another in order to ensure they earned a
satisfactory wage; apprentices often did not earn anything. Then, in the early 60s, influ-
enced by the industrial assembly lines, the system of production started to take on the
characteristics of mass production. Thus began the practice of assigning only specific
parts of the garment to seamstresses with skills that were gradually becoming more
specialized. Meanwhile, trade union action slowly improved the conditions of contract
terms. Fashion laboratories with more than ten workers, in other words with more than
one basic unit, provided the opportunity for combining tradition and innovation, which
influenced the sartorial style that was produced (Figure 6)15.




                                                                                             201
                                                                                                                            Professional figures in fashion houses in Bologna (1945-1965)
                                                                                                                Owner                         This was often a tailor who could interpret the patterns
                                                                                                                                              and showed the workers the lines to follow to create the
                                                                                                                                              garment. He personally dealt with public relations or was
                                                                                                                                              assisted by the specially appointed vendeuse (sales-
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                                                              women). His collaborators were the pattern maker, dress
                                                                                                                                              designer and the première (head seamstress).
                                                                                                                Pattern maker                 This was a tailor who was able to alter sizes, working
                                                                                                                                              closely with the dress designer and had specific functions
                                                                                                                                              when attending fashion shows along with the owner, or
                                                                                                                                              when garments were being made in the laboratory. The
                                                                                                                                              pattern maker’s work could be done by the owner himself
                                                                                                                                              or entrusted either to a specialized designer or première.
                                                                                                                                              The designers they followed the most were Parisians
                                                                                                                                              such as Jacques Fath, Jean Patou, Christian Dior, Cha-
                                                                                                                                              nel, and Yves Saint Laurent.
                                                                                                                Dressmaker                    The dressmaker was able to graphically represent the
                                                                                                                                              owner’s designs and initial ideas by drawing the gar-
                                                                                                                                              ments and indicating the shapes and lines needed to cre-
                                                                                                                                              ate them.
                                                                                                                Première                      The head seamstress was the owner’s principal assis-
                                                                                                                                              tant; their work was fundamental because they could cut
                                                                                                                                              fabrics and explain to the instructors how the different
                                                                                                                                              parts of the garment should be assembled, to respect the
                                                                                                                                              shapes and lines of the models or those desired by the
                                                                                                                                              owner in accordance with the client’s requests.
                                                                                                                                                     Basic unit of work
                                                                                                                Instructor (supervisor)       This was the seamstress at the head of the basic work
                                                                                                                                              unit, who saw to making the garments. Her sole respon-
                                                                                                                                              sibility was to assemble the garment, i.e. to sew together
                                                                                                                                              the pieces of fabric that had already been cut. The in-
                                                                                                                                              structor also took care of the most delicate parts such as,
                                                                                                                                              sleeves, necks, lapels and pockets.
                                                                                                                Assistant                     This was a seamstress who helped in the main tasks,
                                                                                                                                              such as the quilting of collars, assembling the different
                                                                                                                                              parts of the sleeve, sewing the pockets and lapels of jack-
                                                                                                                                              ets and coats. The assistant would help the teacher with
                                                                                                                                              important details, as well as putting together the different
                                                                                                                                              parts of the garment so it could be tried on.
                                                                                                                Apprentice (one or two)       The apprentice would baste the marked outline to pre-
                                                                                                                                              pare the garment for trying on, add the finishings, pre-
                                                                                                                                              pare the shoulder padding (cuscinetti), and hem skirts
                                                                                                                                              and trousers.

                                                                                                               Figure 6. Organization of work in laboratories and main staff duties




                                                                                                         202
   6. The exhibitions between research and valorization

   Between 2012 and 2015, the enormous amount of materials acquired from dona-
tions were presented to the public in four exhibitions with the aim of illustrating the
formation of the new collection, thus launching the fashion and sartorial documenta-
tion section. They were set up in the museum halls next to the permanent exhibition,
and consisted of artifacts dating from the late eighteenth to early twenty-first century. It
was during the planning phases of the first exhibition in 2012, that the need to further
study the typology of the materials and their historical context emerged. It was not only
important to give an accurate interpretation of the articles, in view of the organization of
the thematic sections of the exhibition, but to also start the essential task of cataloguing
for future consultation as well as correct storage and conservation. The cataloguing,
which is still underway, has had to deal with the disorganization and fragmentation
of the accumulated heterogeneous materials, especially those of the Canedi fashion
house, most of which appears to be the result of daily work activities. Hence the need
for thorough reordering of the materials before indexing them. It soon became evident
that the materials lent themselves to a more detailed study from a sartorial perspec-
tive and from which to learn more about the techniques used to create clothing, styles,
shapes, colors, fabrics, designer names and changing fashion trends through the years.
To some extent it offers the possibility to reconstruct a history of costume and fashion16.
The synchronic and diachronic content of all the exhibitions was obtained by combin-
ing the interpretation of anatomy and sartorial techniques with the interpretation of the
artifacts in a socio-historical context. Some difficulties were encountered however, in
valorizing the collection in the exhibition, with respect to garments of historical, aesthetic
and artisan interest whose authors had not been identified. Instead it was easier to
valorize garments when the ateliers they came from were known. In this second case,
knowing the origin of their production in addition to that of the commissioner-owner and
the donor, helped in selecting the articles to exhibit, as well as in planning the different




                                                                                                       CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
sections of the exhibition. The result was to create a dialogue between those articles
that were produced by well-known and lesser known ateliers, and between designers
who had created fashion (for example Capucci, Fabiani, André Laug, Ognibene Zend-
man) and tailors who had interpreted and revisited the models that were most in vogue
(for example Zecca of Rome, Bugli of Rimini and Bettini or Canedi of Bologna)17.
   The first exhibition, I 4 VOLTI DEL SARTO (The four faces of the tailor) (February
12 – July 15, 2012), was created as a way to inform the public of the first donations
given by the fashion house, Canedi (Sartoria Canedi) and other private donors. This
exhibition was dedicated to the evolution of tailoring and was structured in four sections
corresponding to a cycle of the same number of exhibitions. The section Il sarto intellet-
tuale. Virtuosismo e tecnica delle forme (The Intellectual tailor. Virtuosity and technical
forms) (February 12 – March 11) illustrated the evolution of the art of tailoring between
the nineteenth and twentieth century thanks to a rare collection of manuals, several
fashion sketches and some fabric models (Ungaro, Dior, Yves Saint Laurent). This ex-
hibition explored methods of constructing a garment through body measurements, and
proportional systems to create a garment capable of correcting imperfections. The tailor,
thus, appeared as an educated person, engaged in studying the human body and its ad-
aptation in proportional measurements. The section Il sarto privato. Abiti da cerimonia e
corredo tra ‘800 e ‘900 (The private tailor. Ceremonial vestments and trousseau between
1800 and 1900) (March 25-April 22) told the story of formal wear used in ceremonies


                                                                                                 203
                                                                                                               that marked social rituals such as weddings, christenings and parties. For this occasion
                                                                                                               the principal examples of traditional male attire (tail coat, white tie, morning dress, suit
                                                                                                               and tuxedo) were illustrated, as well as items of women’s lingerie belonging to bridal
                                                                                                               trousseau from the end of the nineteenth century and items from the twentieth century,
                                                                                                               including wedding dresses by the couturiers Carmen Modena (1902) and Canedi of
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               Bologna (from the 1990s). In addition, there were examples of formal menswear by
                                                                                                               the tailors Tessaro & Vidoni of Udine and G. Bressan of Bologna (from the 1930s and
                                                                                                               1950s), accompanied by a leather suitcase and a toiletry set (from the 1920s) alongside
                                                                                                               fashion magazines and photographs from the period. The section Il sarto architetto. Gli
                                                                                                               anni Cinquanta e Sessanta e la nascita del Made in Italy (The tailor as an architect. The
                                                                                                               fifties and sixties and the birth of “Made in Italy”) (May 6-June 3) presented works from
                                                                                                               fashion laboratories for women’s wear in Rome and Bologna at the time of the advent
                                                                                                               of Italian fashion, which led to emancipation from Parisian models and affirmation of the
                                                                                                               term “Made in Italy” which focused on prêt à porter. At the base of this new change, was
                                                                                                               the traditional craft of tailoring which involved style with quality at a much more afford-
                                                                                                               able price than high-end fashion. The collection on display included garments produced
                                                                                                               by the tailors Zecca, Fabiani, Sarli, Ognibene Zendman of Rome and Bettini, Rossi,
                                                                                                               Guermandi, Pirazzoli, Cuppini and Canedi of Bologna. The section Il sarto stilista. La
                                                                                                               nascita del prêt à porter italiano negli anni Settanta e Ottanta (The tailor as a stylist. The
                                                                                                               birth of Italian prêt à porter in the seventies and eighties) (June 17-July 15) documented
                                                                                                               the commercial and stylistic phenomenon of prêt à porter that spread across Italy and
                                                                                                               abroad during the 1970s and 1980s. For the occasion, a dress by Capucci was exhib-
                                                                                                               ited, with knitted garments, affordable articles from the basic lines of important designer
                                                                                                               name collections, such as Miss Dior, official photos of fashion shows, fabric samples,
                                                                                                               albums, sketches and patterns, to illustrate the new trend and new professional rela-
                                                                                                               tionship between the tailor, the designer and the stylist. Through a specific selection of
                                                                                                               garments in the collection, the exhibition was also able to express the response to the
                                                                                                               tailoring crisis that artisans had to face as a result of the more affordable mass produc-
                                                                                                               tion of industrialized materials (Figures 7 and 8).




                                                                                                               Figure 7. Cloth models (1980s and 1990s) in the exhibition: I 4 volti del sarto: il sarto intellettuale.
                                                                                                               Virtuosismo e tecnica delle forme (The four faces of the tailor: the intellectual tailor. Virtuosity and
                                                                                                               technical forms) (February 12 – March 11, 2012).


                                                                                                         204
Figure 8. Front view of the 1903 wedding dress in the exhibition: I 4 volti del sarto: il sarto
privato. Abiti da cerimonia e corredo tra ‘800 e ‘900 (The four faces of the tailor: the private tailor.
Ceremonial vestments and trousseau between 1800 and 1900) (March 25 – April 22, 2012).

    The second exhibition, SEGNALI DI MODA. STILE VINTAGE E NUOVI GLAMOUR
(Signs of fashion. Vintage and New Glamour) (April 14-August 25, 2013) was created




                                                                                                                 CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
to publicize other donations received by the museum during the previous year’s exhibi-
tion cycle, as well as to pay homage to the vintage style and fashion that inspired the
clothes of the past, thus confirming the vocation of the collection to dialogue with the
present. In this exhibition, sixty articles of clothing were displayed and divided into four
thematic sections, Black & White, Texture, Pattern and Formae18 tracing the evolution
of twentieth century Italian fashion from the tailoring of the 30s to the successive serial
production and design of the 90s. During this itinerary it was possible to focus on a
surprising dialogue between shapes and colors, textures and decorations, references
and citations which were perfectly in tune with the revisiting of lines and patterns in
vogue in the twentieth century. In fact, references from the 50s, 60s and 70s repre-
sent the most popular trend in contemporary fashion, since it emotionally involves the
sphere of memory in different ways. Moreover, vintage indicates the fashion of that
time as historical and cultural heritage, demonstrated by the exemplary articles and
accessories, representative of the period in which they were made. Amongst the many
garments displayed, was a selection by Capucci, Roccobarocco and Ferrè including
some designs from different periods, combined in such a way as to suggest a “new
look” for visitors, as in the case of a short jacket by Moschino with cream silk hemming
from the 80s, coordinated with a blue longuette dress from the 30s. Another example is
an 80s black cape from the Gloria Santandrea company of Bologna coordinated with a
high-collared sheath dress, flared at the bottom in a cream-colored silver laminate knit
made by the seamstress, Cuppini, at the end of the 60s (Figure 9).


                                                                                                           205
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               Figure 9. The Formae section (1950s to 1980s) in the exhibition: Segnali di moda. Stile vintage e
                                                                                                               nuovi glamour (Signs of Fashion. Vintage and new glamour) (April 14 – August 25, 2013).

                                                                                                                  The third exhibition, COSA TI SEI MESSO IN TESTA. LA     ���������������������
                                                                                                                                                                              COLLEZIONE DI CAP-
                                                                                                               PELLI DEL MUSEO DAVIA BARGELLINI (What have you put on your head? The
                                                                                                               hat collection in the Davia Bargellini Museum) (April 6 – July 20, 2014) was devoted
                                                                                                               entirely to the collection of hats and hair accessories, created through private dona-
                                                                                                               tions and which became part of the fashion and sartorial documentation section of the
                                                                                                               museum. This exhibition consisted of a display of thirty men’s, women’s and children’s
                                                                                                               hats from between the 1920s and 1980s (bonnets, top hats, silk top hats (Victorian
                                                                                                               style), cloche hats, toques, headbands, hairnets, caps) illustrating the evolution of an
                                                                                                               article which for centuries was considered an indispensable part of a person’s ward-
                                                                                                               robe and only in recent decades has lost its appeal. The creativity in the styles and the
                                                                                                               quality craftsmanship of the pieces on display have highlighted the high class reached
                                                                                                               by the Bolognese millinery, who were able to follow new trends in the cities, which
                                                                                                               throughout the twentieth century had conditioned the fashion industry, such as Paris,
                                                                                                               London, Rome and Milan. The hats (made by Serra, Vancini, Zaniboni of Bologna and
                                                                                                               Jackson and C. of London) were displayed alongside haute couture and handmade
                                                                                                               garments to better represent the taste and preferences of each decade (Figure 10).

                                                                                                                                                               Figure 10. A cloche cap (1920s) from the
                                                                                                                                                               exhibition: Cosa ti sei messo in testa? La
                                                                                                                                                               collezione di cappelli del Museo Davia Bargellini
                                                                                                                                                               (What have you put on your head? The hat
                                                                                                                                                               collection in the Davia Bargellini Museum)
                                                                                                                                                               (April 6 – July 20, 2014).




                                                                                                         206
    The fourth exhibition, IL BUONGUSTO CELATO. �������������������������
                                                        BIANCHERIA INTIMA RICAMA-
TA TRA ‘800 E ‘900 (Good Taste Concealed. Embroidered Lingerie between 1800 and
1900) (June 11-September 27, 2015), illustrated the evolution of underwear during the
fifty years that revolutionized women’s fashion, from the last quarter of the nineteenth
century to the 1930s. The exhibition, through the display of more than sixty pieces from
private donations, brought to the public’s attention the elegance of women’s undergar-
ments, created by the major fashion houses just as if they were haute couture clothes.
The most famous specialized fashion houses were in Paris, but also in Turin, Naples
and Milan. Thanks to their rich catalogue of images, these products were sold across
Europe. The size and volume of women’s undergarments were designed to fit under
the clothes that were worn on top, characterized in the late nineteenth century by an
unnatural silhouette and after, at the beginning of the twentieth century by a design that
became increasingly more essential and flowing. The items on display were divided
into three sections: undergarments for every day, dishabille (casual lingerie for the
house) and nightwear. Among these pieces, were also some luxurious garments from
the rich wedding trousseau of a Neapolitan noblewoman from 1879 (Figure 11)19.




                                                                                                         CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE

Figure 11. The Day after day section from the exhibition: Il buongusto celato. Biancheria intima
ricamata tra ‘800 e ‘900 (Good taste concealed. Embroidered lingerie between 1800 and 1900)
(June 11 – September 27, 2015).



   7. The exhibition through collaboration and education

   Following in the footsteps of the museum’s founder, Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri,
who intended the museum to be an opportunity to maintain profitable relationships with
the outside world and involve various protagonists from the industry in order to raise
awareness of the fashion section, not only as a historical and artistic record, but also
as a source of documentation and creative inspiration. Thus, Francesco Malaguzzi
Valeri aimed to preserve the tradition of applied arts as a resource of innovation. Bear-
ing this in mind, some special extraordinary openings were coordinated for the first


                                                                                                   207
                                                                                                               exhibition and for a number of ateliers in the city (workshops)20. Students from the Free
                                                                                                               University of Arts (Libera Università delle Arti – L.Un.A) designed the brochure and the
                                                                                                               invitations of the first two exhibitions21. A wedding dress from 190322 was restored by
                                                                                                               Manuela Farinelli from the restoration laboratory of the Museum of Tappezzeria “Vit-
                                                                                                               torio Zironi” of Bologna (Museo della Tappezzeria “Vittorio Zironi”), where a series of
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               lectures was held on Stile, tradizione e tecnica nella sartoria italiana (Style, tradition
                                                                                                               and technique in Italian tailoring)23 during the first exhibition (I 4 volti del sarto, 2012),
                                                                                                               followed by an exhibition held in its halls, called Eleganza in villa (Elegance in villa)
                                                                                                               during the second exhibition (Segnali di moda, 2013). Among these partnerships, that
                                                                                                               with the Bagatto fashion house of Eolo Fontanesi24 should be remembered, in which
                                                                                                               the Secoli Next Fashion School played an important role, as their students were asked
                                                                                                               to research styles and new creations by drawing inspiration from the clothes of the past
                                                                                                               which were on exhibition. For example, the tailleurs were made based on the manual
                                                                                                               from 1910 on occasion of the exhibition, Il sarto intellettuale (The intellectual tailor).
                                                                                                               For the first cycle of exhibitions, the school also contributed to the design of individual
                                                                                                               displays and ideas for the titles (I 4 volti del sarto, 2012).
                                                                                                                   Throughout the duration of all the exhibitions, there were workshops and guided
                                                                                                               tours for adults and for schools of all levels, in order to raise public awareness on
                                                                                                               these issues and the importance of donating to the museum. Within this educational
                                                                                                               field, two students of the University of Bologna carried out their thesis and intern-
                                                                                                               ship by preparing the second exhibition in 2013. Laura Crosina (Bachelor degree in
                                                                                                               Cultural Heritage – based in Ravenna) compared qualitative and quantitative param-
                                                                                                               eters – museum, exhibition, preparation and appreciation – in the exhibition Segnali di
                                                                                                               moda. Stile vintage e nuovi glamour (Signs of fashion. Vintage and new glamour) at
                                                                                                               the Davia Bargellini Museum, the exhibition Vintage! L’irresistibile fascino del vissuto
                                                                                                               (Vintage! The irresistible charm of the past) (December 8, 2012-May 30, 2013), at
                                                                                                               the Museum of textiles of Prato (Museo del tessuto di Prato) and Valentino in Rome,
                                                                                                               45 years of style, prepared in the Museum of the Ara Pacis in Rome (Museo dell’Ara
                                                                                                               Pacis di Roma) (July 6- October 28, 2007)25. Sonia Zito (Bachelor degree in Fashion
                                                                                                               Culture and Technique – based in Rimini), already skilled in cutting and sewing after
                                                                                                               attending courses at the Bagatto fashion house workshop (Sartoria il Bagatto), ana-
                                                                                                               lyzed the Roberto Capucci dress in terms of historical, stylistic and technical tailoring
                                                                                                               in order to reconstruct a sewing pattern to fit her size and reproduce a slightly different
                                                                                                               version of the dress, due to the unavailability of the fabrics used by the designer. Her
                                                                                                               research brought together a great deal of information on the genesis of the dress26. It
                                                                                                               had initially been created by one of the designer’s tailors, but in 1998 was altered by
                                                                                                               Maria Luisa Canedi to fit the owner (Nicoletta di Serracapriola Baldassano), since it
                                                                                                               had been Canedi herself who had had the opportunity to collaborate with the designer
                                                                                                               in an exhibition in Rome in the eighties27.


                                                                                                                  Acknowledgments

                                                                                                                  We thank Melissa Guadalupe Medina for the English translation




                                                                                                         208
    Notes
1
  The last member of the family, Giuseppe Davia Bargellini, wished that after his death (1874) the
property be managed by a charity attentive to the education of needy children and that the items
of artistic interest would be made available to the public.
2
   In recent decades, there have been different historiographical positions regarding the works
of Malaguzzi Valeri: Ferretti M., 1987, “Un’idea di storia, la realtà del museo, il suo demiurgo”,
in Grandi R. (ed.), Museo Civico d’Arte Industriale e Galleria Davia Bargellini, pp. 9-25, Grafis,
Casalecchio di Reno (BO); Battistini S., 2014, Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri e il Museo Davia Bar-
gellini, in Rovetta A., Sciolla G. C. (ed.), Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri (1867-1928). Tra storiografia
artistica, museo e tutela, Atti del Convegno di Studi (Milano – Bologna 2011), pp. 351-359, Scal-
pendi Editore, Milano.
3
  On Canedi’s training, see note 15.
4
  Ministry of cultural heritage and activities and tourism – Central institute of catalogue and docu-
mentation, VeAC (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione Scheda VeAC): antique
and contemporary garments: www.iccd.beniculturali.it/index.php?it/253/beni-storici-e-artistici [ac-
cessed 17/7/2015].
5
  Ministry of cultural heritage and activities and tourism – Central institute of catalogue and docu-
mentation, BDM: demoethnoanthropological materials (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Docu-
mentazione, Scheda BDM: beni demoetnoantropologici materiali): http://www.iccd.beniculturali.it/
index.php?it/254/beni-demoetnoantropologici [accessed 17/7/2015].
6
  Crosina L., acadmic year 2012-2013, La moda al museo. Confronto tra esposizioni di moda, the-
sis in Museology, supervisor E. Latini, assistant supervisor S. Battistini, Master course in Cultural
Heritage, Faculty of Cultural Heritage at the University of Bologna.
7
   For the principal factors on the subject of wear and tear, deterioration, as well as directions for
good preventive maintenance and proper storage, see relevant chapters in: Lorusso S., Gallotti
L., 2007, Caratterizzazione, tecnologia e conservazione dei manufatti tessili, Pitagora Editrice,
Società Italiana per il Progresso delle Scienze, Bologna.
8
   Two examples of enterprise in the fashion sector that have studied their archives in detail, not
only for internal use but also to make them accessible to scholars and designers, are Max Mara
(www.maxmarafashiongroup.com/it/projects-biblioteca-archivio) and Modateca by Deanna Fer-




                                                                                                               CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
retti Veroni (www.modatecadeanna.it/category/archivi/). The companies that have implemented
a museum of industry in Italy have formed an association, with the aim of promoting historical
tradition and contemporary products: www.museimpresa.com/museiarchivi/?assoc_cat_id=8.
[accessed 20/7/2015].
9
   Ministry of cultural heritage and activities and tourism – Central institute of catalogue and doc-
umentation, F: photographic samples (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione,
Scheda F) www.iccd.beniculturali.it/index.php?it/387/beni-fotografici [accessed 23/7/2015].
10
    The reason for the choice and examples of application are described in her thesis; see note 6.
11
    Brooks M. M., 2010, La conservazione degli oggetti della moda, in Muzzarelli M. G., Riello G.,
Tosi Brandi E. (ed.), Moda. storia e storie, pp. 169-179, Mondadori, Milano.
12
    Alberto Aspesi, Bluemarine, Roberto Capucci, Fratelli Cerruti, Chanel Boutique, Dior and Miss
Dior, Fabiani, Falconetto, Gianfranco Ferré e Ferré Studio 001, Kenzo jungle, Kenzo linea alta,
Krizia, André Laug, Ralph Lauren, Miu Miu, Moschino, Roccobarocco, Yves Saint Laurent, Saint
Laurent Rive Gauche, Yves Saint Laurent Variation, Fausto Sarli, Jersey Luisa Spagnoli, Valenti-
no, Valentino Miss V, Valentino Oliver, Dries Van Noten, Ognibene Zendman.
13
    Zecca (Roma); Iole Bettini Serrazanetti, G. Bressan, Maria Luisa Canedi, Giuseppina Cuppini,
A. Lambertini, Oriana Neri, Desda Pirazzoli, Maria Rossi, called Gloria Santandrea (Bologna);
Laura Lottini (Firenze); Andrea Odicini (Genova); Dario Giuseppe Bugli (Rimini); Tessaro & Vidoni
(Udine).
14
    Soldati M.G., Conti G.M., 2009, Fashion e textile design. Percorsi paralleli ed evoluzioni stori-
che, Lupetti Editore, Milano; Arnold R., 2010, Il significato dell’alta moda nella storia della moda,
in Muzzarelli M. G., Riello G., Tosi Brandi E. (ed.), Moda. storia e storie, pp. 54-62, Mondadori,
Milano.
15
    For this precious information we thank Maria Luisa Canedi, Casilde “Ilde” Casadei and Learta


                                                                                                         209
                                                                                                               Grimandi, former seamstresses at the atelier of Giulio De Maria and Iole Bettini Serrazanetti of
                                                                                                               Bologna. On these tailors and the system of production see Gasparrini F. 2005, Sarto e mercan-
                                                                                                               te, Comitato di S. Omobono, Bologna, p. 16; Tosi Brandi E., 2009, Artisti del quotidiano. Sarti e
                                                                                                               sartorie storiche in Emilia-Romagna, Clueb, Bologna, p. 88; Verucchi V., 2010, Elegante e italia-
                                                                                                               nissima. La moda femminile a Bologna negli anni Trenta, Pendragon, Bologna, p. 19; Maugeri V.,
                                                                                                               2012, Moda a Bologna anni ’50-’60. La sartoria di Maria Venturi, Paolo Emilio Persiani Editore,
S. Battistini, G. Benevolo - The fashion and sartorial documentation section of the Davia Bargellini Museum




                                                                                                               Cava dei Tirreni (SA), p. 17.
                                                                                                               16
                                                                                                                  On fashion as an object of study: Giusti N., 2009, Introduzione allo studio della moda, Il Mulino,
                                                                                                               Bologna, p. 158; Riello G., 2010, L’oggetto di moda: tre approcci per la storia della moda, in Muz-
                                                                                                               zarelli M. G., Riello G., Tosi Brandi E. (ed.), Moda. storia e storie, pp. 131-144, Mondadori, Milano.
                                                                                                               17
                                                                                                                  On the tailor Diego Giuseppe Bugli of Rimini: Tosi Brandi E., 2009, Artisti del quotidiano. Sarti
                                                                                                               e sartorie storiche in Emilia-Romagna, Clueb, Bologna, p. 101.
                                                                                                               18
                                                                                                                  The thematic sections were inspired by the section Costruzione, Materiali, Forma e Concetto in
                                                                                                               which there was an exhibition: Spilker K. D, Takeda S. S. (ed.), ControModa. ���������������
                                                                                                                                                                                                     La moda contem-
                                                                                                               poranea della collezione permanente del Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Catalogue of the
                                                                                                               exhibition (Firenze, 12 ottobre 2007-20 gennaio 2008), Skira, Ginevra-Milano.
                                                                                                               19
                                                                                                                  For all exhibitions see the Civic museum of ancient art website (Musei Civici d’Arte Antica):
                                                                                                               www.museibologna.it/arteantica/notizie/57719/offset/
                                                                                                               20
                                                                                                                  The National Chamber for Italian Fashion (Camera Nazionale dell’Artigianato CNA) Federmoda
                                                                                                               Bologna supported the special openings of various ateliers in Bologna which enabled some artisans
                                                                                                               to participate in the Davia Bargellini Museum with the event Artigiani in museo (Artisans in the mu-
                                                                                                               seum) on the occasion of the first exhibition I 4 volti del sarto (The four faces of the tailor) (2012).
                                                                                                               21
                                                                                                                  The printing company Cantelli (Azienda Grafica Cantelli) from Bologna supported completion of
                                                                                                               the brochure for the exhibition Segnali di moda (Signs of fashion) (2013).
                                                                                                               22
                                                                                                                  With the financial support of Nella Tessuti of Baricella (Bo) and Polfil of Castel Maggiore (Bo).
                                                                                                               23
                                                                                                                  Participation from (March-June 2012) Dario Apollonio (Libera Università delle Arti), L.Un.A: sa-
                                                                                                               per progettuare; Valeria Selvini (Secoli Next Fashion School), Il saper fare: la tecnica al servizio
                                                                                                               della creatività; Maria Giuseppina Muzzarelli (Università di Bologna), Esecutori, ideatori, artisti. I
                                                                                                               sarti dal Medioevo al Made in Italy; Manuela Farinelli (Museo della Tappezzeria “Vittorio Zironi”),
                                                                                                               Gli aspetti tecnici del restauro dell’abito.
                                                                                                               24
                                                                                                                  In the production of the second exhibition Segnali di moda (Signs of fashion), the Il Bagatto
                                                                                                               fashion house organized the fashion show Biancheria d’epoca da collezione (Collectible period
                                                                                                               lingerie),which was held in the Davia Bargellini Museum (June 19, 2013). On the tailor Tosi Brandi
                                                                                                               E., 2009, Artisti del quotidiano. Sarti e sartorie storiche in Emilia-Romagna, Clueb, Bologna, p.
                                                                                                               173.
                                                                                                               25
                                                                                                                  Crosina L., academic year 2012-2013, La moda al museo. Confronto tra esposizioni di moda,
                                                                                                               Thesis in Museology, supervisor E. Latini, assistant supervisor S. Battistini, Bachelor in Cultural
                                                                                                               Heritage, School of Humanities and Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna.
                                                                                                               26
                                                                                                                  Articles from the newspaper: Simoni V., 2013, Segnali di moda. Stile vintage e nuovi glamour.
                                                                                                               Museo Davia Bargellini, Bologna, Fashion Illustrated. Industry, business, people and trend, issue
                                                                                                               21 (July/August), Agenda, p. 46.
                                                                                                               27
                                                                                                                  Zito S., academic year 2012-2013, Vestire l’abito, scoprire il personaggio: analisi tecnica e
                                                                                                               storico-sociale di un capo sartoriale, Final report in Materials of Fashion as a design feature, su-
                                                                                                               pervisor P. Zonda, Bachelor in Fashion Culture and Technique, School of Humanities and Cultural
                                                                                                               Heritage, University of Bologna.



                                                                                                                     References

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                                                                                                       CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
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                                                                                                               [19] Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo – Istituto Centrale per il
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                                                                                                                  Biographical notes

                                                                                                                   Silvia Battistini (Bologna 1969) art historian, has worked in the Civic museum of
                                                                                                               ancient art (Musei Civici d’Arte Antica) in Bologna since 1999; since 2007 she has
                                                                                                               been curator of the Davia Bargellini Museum (Museo Davia Bargellini) and has curated
                                                                                                               numerous exhibitions connected to the museum’s collections. She has published data
                                                                                                               sheets on the works and designed educational tours for adults and children aimed at
                                                                                                               valorizing and enhancing knowledge on conserving cultural heritage. Her work also
                                                                                                               extends beyond other museums in the area of ancient art in the Institute of Bologna
                                                                                                               Museums (Area Arte Antica dell’Istituzione Bologna Musei), with particular attention
                                                                                                               given to gathering textiles and illuminated manuscripts of the Civic Medieval Museum
                                                                                                               (Museo Civico Medievale). She has written on the history of collecting, paintings and
                                                                                                               industrial art (applied arts) of Bologna from the nineteenth century, on the history of
                                                                                                               miniature items for miscellaneous books and magazines, entries for dictionaries and
                                                                                                               data sheet for catalogues. Recently, she has examined in depth the subject of textiles,
                                                                                                               in particular embroidery and clothing, producing as a co-curator the fashion exhibition
                                                                                                               at the Davia Bargellini Museum with Giancarlo Benevolo.

                                                                                                                   Giancarlo Benevolo (Bologna 1965) is the curator responsible for the historical
                                                                                                               and educational section of the Musei Civici d’Arte Antica (Area Arte Antica – Istituzione
                                                                                                               Bologna Musei) consisting of the Museo Civico Medievale (Civic Medieval Museum)
                                                                                                               (main office), Davia Bargellini Museum, the Collezioni Comunali d’Arte (Municipal Art
                                                                                                               Collection) and the church of the Rotunda della Madonna del Monte. He teaches Arte e
                                                                                                               Società in Italia tra Medioevo e Rinascimento - Art and Society in Italy from the Middle
                                                                                                               Ages to the Renaissance - (Indiana University – BCSP) and on the Master program
                                                                                                               Progettazione e promozione degli eventi artistici e culturali (Planning and promotion
                                                                                                               of artistic and cultural events) (Department of Cultural Heritage, Ravenna Campus,
                                                                                                               University of Bologna). His publications include the monograph Il Castello di Porta Gal-
                                                                                                               liera. Fonti sulla fortezza papale di Bologna) (2006) and studies on Cardinal Bertrand
                                                                                                               du Pouget, conducted mainly in the Secret Archives of the Vatican (Archivio Segreto
                                                                                                               Vaticano) (2005, 2010). Exhibitions as co-curator include I corali di San Giacomo Mag-
                                                                                                               giore of Bologna (2003), Giotto e le arti a Bologna (2005), and the fashion section of
                                                                                                               the Davia Bargellini Museum with Silvia Battistini (2012-2015).




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