10.6092/issn.3034-8544/16717
At a time when the disparities in our country have multiplied, eroding territories generally considered strong, the University is called upon to redefine its role by building new synergies in and for the territory. The contribution reflects on the role of the University of Bologna, Department of Architecture in Cesena (FC) Campus and in particular of the CARTA Laboratory - Città Ambiente Reti Territorio Azioni with respect to the desire to turn Universities into local nodes in the global knowledge network and capable of activating innovative policies in the territory. This is what the Laboratory has been doing for some years now in the Forlì-Cesena area, involving students, administrators and actors in the area in the construction of shared innovative policies and practices.&nbsp;&nbsp;
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Altea Panebianco
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Urbana
third spaces
The University as a Third Space for Collective Reading and Design Intermediate Territories
Text.Serial.Journal
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2024-01-25
2023-04-06
2024-01-25
2024-03-21
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Urb
Altea Panebianco
2024/01/25
10.6092/issn.3034-8544/16717
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University of Bologna - Architecture Department
3034-8544
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third spaces
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The University as a Third Space for Collective Reading and Design Intermediate Territories
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                                                                URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024               172




The University as a Third Space for
Collective Reading and Designing
Intermediate Territories
PEER REVIEWED


Martina Massari1

University of Bologna

m.massari@unibo.it

Valentina Orioli

University of Bologna

valentina.orioli@unibo.it

Altea Panebianco

University of Bologna

altea.panebianco@unibo.it

1.        The University between Local and Transcalar Dynamics.

The manifold crises and general instability related to European and global
socio-political turmoil have increased inequalities in our territories,
revealing latent fragilities and unexpected territorial dynamics. 2 The
unprecedented condition affecting cities and territories has resulted in
the return of urban buzzwords 3—such as proximity, resilience—and the
need to pursue strategies capable of building sustainable territorial
systems. However, when these concepts are applied to physical space and
its transformation, they require keys and tools proper to the disciplines
of city and territorial design, which are called to redefine their role and
build synergies within and for the territory. 4
The university and its research infrastructures are not immune to these
mutations. Educational processes are radically changing and there has

1
  Corresponding author.
2
  Simone Tulumello, Laura Saija, and Andy Inch, “Planning amid Crisis and Austerity: In, Against
and Beyond the Contemporary Conjuncture,” International Planning Studies 25, no. 1 (2020): 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404; Alessandro Coppola et al., Ricomporre i divari.
politiche e progetti territoriali contro le disuguaglianze e per la transizione ecologica (Bologna: Società
editrice il Mulino spa, 2021).
3
  Jason Palmer, Ian Cooper, and Rita Van der Vorst, “Mapping out Fuzzy Buzzwords‒who Sits
Where on Sustainability and Sustainable Development,” Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (1997):
87–93.
4
  Valentina Orioli and Martina Massari, Praticare l’urbanistica. Traiettorie tra innovazione sociale e
pianificazione, Urbanistica (Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2023), 18


                                                                                Copyright 2024 The Author
                                                          This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.3034-8544/16717                          Attribution 4.0 International License
                                                            URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024           173



been a return to the discussion of the institution's active role within
territories. Perhaps the most unexpected and radical outcome resulting
from the recent urban crises is the resurgence of the territory's
prominence. However, this is not merely in terms of a geographic entity,
but rather as a situated manner of co-operating for the creation of a
context capable of multiplying common resources.
In this moment of transition, the university—and the knowledge
ecosystem it is able to coagulate around it—can be a strategic player in
promoting and activating innovative cultural, social and technological
actions and policies from close to and within the territory. In particular,
minor institutions and more peripheral poles, are asked to redefine their
roles and functions to prevent their gradual limitation. The idea is to turn
the university into an “agent of territorialization”5 that actively engages
with the city and surrounding territories, effecting change and fostering
processes and practices that address the challenges about sustainability,
social inclusion and urban regeneration. Within these concepts, the
university can grasp the aspects that are useful to the urban planning and
design discipline and the possible leading action vis-à-vis a discipline
subject to a necessary deviation from the scope of action, tools and
research horizons.6
The university is confirmed as the place whose activities are increasingly
characterized by dynamics of transcalarity and interconnection with
global inputs, but at the same time it is located in a territory with which it
interacts, contributing to change it. The reciprocity between the
university and the territory is the driving force behind the necessity of
engaging with the regional and local context, particularly in medium-
sized cities and with detached campuses. This engagement fosters
meaningful partnerships between knowledge institutions and local
actors.

These reflections have matured over time in successive re-positionings of
the activities proposed by peripheral university poles, particularly by
departments dealing with project disciplines (engineering, architecture,
design), which increasingly take the form of research-intervention.
Indeed, a way of doing research is taking shape that reversibly tests
hypotheses (projects, transformations) and multiple solicitations directly
in the realm of the city and the territory. An approach oriented to
constructing knowledge through the recognition of the value of
unexpected, unanticipated effects that become design solicitations. It
involves the direct participation of the researcher in opening the field to
the imagination of multiple possibilities that can produce tangible
consequences.7 Within the framework of these methodologies of

5
  Michela Lazzeroni, Geografie dell’università: esplorazioni teoriche e pratiche generative (Milano:
Mimesis, 2021):31.
6
  Pier Luigi Crosta and Cristina Bianchetti, Conversazioni sulla ricerca (Roma: Donzelli editore,
2021).
7
  Orioli and Massari, Praticare l’urbanistica. Traiettorie tra innovazione sociale e pianificazione.
                                                             URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024           174



investigation, there are therefore paths of potential engagement with
territorial actors through the operational experimentation of project
hypotheses in the study contexts, initiatives for the active involvement of
students in accompanying local authorities in the drafting of plans and
projects focused on development actions at the local and regional scale.
The outcomes of these initiatives often translate into anticipations of
reality,8 capable of acting as a system, also fulfilling the role of a hinge
between the new generations in training and the territories in which they
live, with a view to usable knowledge9 to promote renewed synergies that
also affect the labor market dynamics of the territorial reality.
The Romagna context,10 made up of a diffuse network of small and
medium-sized towns, practical skills, and professionalism acquired in
manufacturing, advances in production processes, social relations, and
ways of using natural ecosystems,11 presents itself as a rich case study to
record this synergy and test it with some research hypotheses.

2.       A Territorial Campus.
The history of the de-territorialized headquarter of the University of
Bologna, in Cesena (FC) represents a rather significant experience with
respect to the topic the contribution seeks to interrogate. The birth of the
University dates back to 1504 by Julius II who granted the formation of the
Cesena Law College. The history of the Study of Cesena, however, came
to an abrupt halt in 1800 when the privileges on which the right to
addottorare was based were declared forfeited, in favor also of the
surrounding major universities, such as the nearby University of Bologna,
which became a mandatory reference in the regional context. With the
traditional structure of the corporate professional colleges having lapsed,
Cesena no longer had the ability to re-propose with convincing arguments
the reactivation of its university, until the establishment of the Bachelor
of Science in Information Science in 1989 as a branch of the University of
Bologna. Over the years, the University of Bologna has invested, in
collaboration with local authorities, in the development of the local Pole,
until the establishment in 2001 of the Scientific-Didactic Pole of Cesena,
which would later become a Campus, in order to allow the diffusion of



8
   Laura Saija, La ricerca-azione in pianificazione territoriale e urbanistica, Metodi del territorio
(Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2017).
9
  David Adams, “Usable Knowledge in Public Policy,” Australian Journal of Public Administration
63, no. 1 (March 2004): 29–42, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2004.00357.x; Sebastian Jilke,
Steven Van de Walle, and Soonhee Kim, “Generating Usable Knowledge through an Experimental
Approach to Public Administration,” Public Administration Review 76, no. 1 (January 2016): 69–72,
https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12488.
10
   Romagna is a historical, geographical and linguistic region that for almost its entirety forms
together with Emilia the administrative region of Emilia-Romagna.
11
    Enrico Brighi, Valentina Orioli, and Stefania Proli, “Il progetto urbano ai tempi della
rigenerazione: esperienze sul campo nei centri minori della Romagna,” EcoWebTown-Journal of
Sustainable Design, 2019.
                                                              URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024            175



the educational offerings and the activation of a stable research reality in
the area.12
This renewed need probably stems from the emergence of
unprecedented processes of productive specialization that affect the
territory of the province of Forlì-Cesena13 and give rise to a new economy
that is both globalized and locally specialized, requiring a local
accumulation of knowledge and expertise. What Bagnasco calls a
"territorial amalgam of economy and society"14 that needs the presence of
the university to fuel its production processes. A process that is reinforced
by the Law n. 168 “Ruberti”, which allows the budding of large Italian
universities that trigger interesting processes of dialogue with early urban
regeneration processes, as in the case of the Bologna university with the
regeneration process of the former sugar factory in Cesena.

The evolution of the history of the Cesena’s Pole provides an idea of how
the university is a (s)object closely linked to its context of reference, in
the opportunities and criticalities of its social and cultural contribution
and to the forms of spatiality related to its presence and action in the
territory. A relatively peripheral university reality that lends itself to be
analyzed in its role within the ecosystem of local learning and innovation,
both as a "geographic object, whereby the evolution [...], of its
development models and its presence in the territory is read in response
to the processes of change taking place at different scales"; and as a
"geographic subject, that is, as a potential protagonist of the general socio-
economic and cultural development."15

2.1      Cesena University Pole as a 'Third Place' for Research and Innovation.

The Cesena Campus already in its architecture and because of the
position it occupies in relation to the historic city has gradually positioned
itself as an activator of processes of territorialization and urban change,
and is still engaged in the search for and definition of its own place16 made
up of relations with society and the surrounding area. Important
activations in view of its peripheral location, which become an
opportunity to define itself as part of a community and a network of local
actors, able to contribute to the design of strategies in and for the


12
    Information, further summarized, on the founding and development of the University of
Bologna's Cesena Pole can be found on the institutional website of Alma Mater Studiorum -
University     of     Bologna,      which     can     be    accessed      at   the      following link:
https://www.unibo.it/it/campus-cesena/presentazione-e-organizzazione/la-storia-del-campus-di-
cesena.
13
   Brighi, Orioli, and Proli, “Il progetto urbano ai tempi della rigenerazione: esperienze sul campo
nei centri minori della Romagna.”
14
   Arnaldo Bagnasco, “Città in cerca di Università. Le Università regionali e il paradigma dello
sviluppo locale,” Stato e Mercato 24, no. 3 (2004): 455.
15
   Lazzeroni, Geografie dell’università: esplorazioni teoriche e pratiche generative, 8.
16
   Thomas Bender, The University and the City: From Medieval Origins to the Present (New York:
Oxford University Press on Demand, 1988).
                                                         URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024          176



territory, to offer opportunities for meeting and exchange with and for
the local citizenship.
The hypothesis is that the campus could follow a trajectory of
transformation of university space and networks toward a "third place"
configuration—referring to the notion proposed by Oldenburg—17that is,
an inclusive institutional context suitable for stimulating the
contamination and circulation of knowledge, a local node in the
knowledge network18 and a meeting point between different territorial
scales. The transformation in the third place could take place on two
registers: a spatial one, which is concerned with opening and making
porous to the outside the physical spaces of the university (e.g.
laboratories, university libraries), making them places of information
community;19 a cognitive one that involves sharing moments of
knowledge production (conferences, meetings with local bodies and
actors, public and private), thus enhancing the generative and usable 20
component of knowledge.
It is in this perspective that the CARTA Laboratory—City Environment
Networks Territory Actions—of the Department of Architecture of the
University of Bologna proposes to work, as part of the teaching activities
of the Urban Planning Laboratory of the Department of Architecture in
Cesena.

3.      Laboratorio CARTA in the Provincial Territory.

The Laboratory was born from the collaboration of the teachers and
researchers of the Urban Planning courses activated at the University of
Bologna, Cesena campus, Master of Architecture degree course.
Established in 2006 as a space for the preservation and distribution of
cartographic materials, over time CARTA has been configured as a place
for sharing knowledge and practices and for experimentation aimed at
the territory and conducted in collaboration with students.
The look that the CARTA workshop proposes fits between the theoretical
dimension of explaining phenomena and practices, that is, the processual
components considered the basis of a renewed principle of project
effectiveness. The activities of the research group are oriented on the one
hand to update and implement the cognitive supports instrumental to
planning, and on the other hand to experiment with and integrate

17
   Ray Oldenburg, The Great Good Place: Cafés, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors,
General Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get You through the Day (Paragon House New York,
1989).
18
   Bruno Monardo and Martina Massari, “A New Generation of ‘Urban Centers’: ‘Intermediate
Places’ in Boston and Bologna,” Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2021,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48279-4_87.
19
   Donald Beagle, “The Emergent Information Commons: Philosophy, Models, and 21st Century
Learning Paradigms,” Journal of Library Administration 52, no. 6–7 (2012): 518–37.
20
   Colin Talbot and Carole Talbot, “Usable Knowledge: Discipline-Oriented versus Problem-
Oriented Social Science in Public Policy,” The Palgrave Handbook of Public Administration and
Management in Europe, 2018, 1213–34.
                                                          URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024          177



techniques of representation in order to explicate and enhance the latent
identities of contemporary places.
CARTA's mission is to make the university a protagonist and promoter of
forms of synergy between institutional representations and local
communities for the creation of networks capable of activating innovative
and integrated policies on the territory. An "agent of territorialization and
urban transformation"21 whose reference context is the province of Forlì-
Cesena. A territory that presents varied dynamics: from those affecting
the more peripheral portions of urbanized territory, to the morphological
and geographic vulnerabilities of the inland areas of the Romagna
Apennines, to the forms of expansion and contraction of the Adriatic
conurbation of Romagna and the city-region of the Via Emilia.
The University of Cesena can count on a rather dynamic territory to which
it belongs, both from the point of view of public policies, private
investment dynamics and a varied district production model, made up of
small and medium-sized enterprises but also of large companies, which
have shown in recent years a propensity for innovative industrial
research and a willingness to invest in human capital training.
This is a context that opens up numerous research directions that
transcend the local scale by becoming an element of interconnection
between different territorial scales. Thus, the role to which the city of
Cesena could aspire is that of a node of interconnection between different
territorial scales.22
Hence the question arises, about the potential for research specialization,
or at any rate research for specific objectives, which would have the
advantage of strengthening joint projects between universities, local
entities, public actors and businesses. A path ultimately oriented toward
making the Campus a reference point capable of polarizing interest and
networking with other national and international research centers.
On this the CARTA Laboratory, on the basis of the experiences gained in
the area in the field of teaching and research activities, is building its
identity and its role as a transversal subject of interface between local and
national and international realities.
Significant in this regard was the experience developed during the
academic year 2021-2022, as part of the teaching activities of the Urban
Planning Laboratory. The study area proposed to the labs, identified in
the Ronco-Bidente valley in the Province of Forlì-Cesena, was well suited
to be an area for the experimentation of regeneration strategies and new
territorial trajectories that would take into account the role of the smaller
centers in the territory. The proposal to work in this area started from the
suggestions of some local administrators, who were committed to
building a vision to strengthen collaboration among municipalities.

21
  Lazzeroni, Geografie dell’università: esplorazioni teoriche e pratiche generative.
22
  Jan Youtie and Philip Shapira, “Building an Innovation Hub: A Case Study of the Transformation
of University Roles in Regional Technological and Economic Development,” Research Policy 37,
no. 8 (2008): 1188–1204.
                                                            URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024            178



Among the goals of the administrations was the creation of a Landscape
Observatory of the Emilia Romagna Region, the network for slow mobility
in the valley, the creation of a Biodistrict, and in general the enhancement
of the river shaft and the surrounding naturalistic areas. The contribution
requested of the university was to play the role of a mediator between the
different interests in the field, capable of expanding the network of actors
involved and operationally developing a cognitive framework of the
valley until obtaining—building from the results of the laboratory—
thematic layers capable of systematizing the broad territory and the
characteristics of the individual municipalities to bring out their
potential. An operational collaboration has emerged from the lab's work,
embedding the CARTA lab in a process of accompanying provincial
administrations and in a network that promotes knowledge and
enhancement of the valley.
This, as well as previous experiences involving other transects of the
Romagna territory—such as the stretch of the Via Emilia that runs
through it and the coast—have allowed for the acquisition of a widespread
and deep-rooted knowledge of the territory that has increased the
recognition of the role played by the university as an agent and not just
an observer. The Province of Forlì-Cesena has therefore requested the
involvement of the Department of Architecture in the formation of the
Area Territorial Plan (PTAV) for the development of the cognitive
framework and thematic insights. In the context of the Framework
Agreement, the research contribution of the University is being made
explicit in the investigation of the contents of the cognitive framework of
the PTAV, through exploratory tools23 proper to the teaching activity.
Already in the academic year 2022-2023, the laboratory is working on the
provincial territory having as its focus urban ecology and the construction
of resilient settlement systems, with the aim of providing the Province
with cognitive tools to support strategies such as:
-       curbing land consumption: protecting land as a producer of
ecosystem services;
-       urban regeneration: efficiency in the use of energy and physical
resources, containment of CO2 emissions, promotion of infrastructure
and services for sustainable mobility;
-       the protection and enhancement of the natural environment and
biodiversity, agricultural land, different areas of the landscape, and
historical/cultural elements of the regional territory.
These inquiries constitute the background for the work that the CARTA
Laboratory continues to pursue for the definition of a Knowledge
Framework that has as its reference horizon the transition of the territory
of the Province of Forlì-Cesena into a sustainable territorial ecosystem.24

23
   Crosta and Bianchetti, Conversazioni sulla ricerca; Alberta Giorgi, Micol Pizzolati, and Elena
Vacchelli, Metodi creativi per la ricerca sociale Contesto, pratiche, strumenti (Società editrice il
Mulino, Spa, 2021), https://www.pandoracampus.it/lending/10.978.8815/367013.
24
   Rocco Scolozzi, Elisa Morri, and Riccardo Santolini, “Pianificare Territori Sostenibili e
Resilienti: La Prospettiva Dei Servizi Ecosistemici,” TERRITORIO 60, no. 1 (2012): 167–75.
                                              URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024   179



An ecosystem capable of holding together environmental system and
human society in an attempt to ensure a socio-ecological transition, more
equitable in distributing costs and benefits of transformations among the
different ‘geographies’ that define the provincial territory. The PTAV,
thanks to its nature as a strategic plan that orients choices at the local
scale on recognized and shared quality objectives, allows for
experimentation with new models of actors involvement to reach towards
the satisfaction of new social interests. The university, through action-
research, becomes the medium for recognizing these needs, organizing
and building relationships between different actors within a unified
direction, ensuring shared planning between local, sectoral and market
actors, between public and private interest. The work carried out so far
and still in progress, therefore, started from the recognition of five
'Territories' (Territory of Living, Territory of Production and Logistics,
Rural Territory and Agribusiness, Territory of Tourism and Natural
Territory) for which it is intended to build a mapping of planning and best
practices and a table of critical synthesis that will then guide the
construction of the guidelines and coordination of the plan and the
identification of the actors to be involved in permanent tables for the
development of shared project scenarios to support the drafting of
planning at the local scale.

4.     CARTA as a Workshop for Reading and Designing the Territory.

In its position as a territorial agent of transformation, CARTA position
itself as a platform for reading and unraveling the latent aspects of
territories, building relationships and reciprocity between subjects—even
unintentional ones—and co-designing urban policies. The design action
concurs at the same time to the ambition of providing a new identity
oriented towards the characterization of the territorial pole of the
University of Architecture, a process in the making that the campus
shares with the territory in which it is inserted.
The work done over the years also constitutes an attempt to lay the
groundwork for moving beyond the traditional role of the university
researcher as an advisor to the public body to a mutually reinforcing
partner role. In this way, the university becomes an active agent in urban
transformation, while the administration of the city and territories
becomes an investigative process and not a mere application of policy
decisions. This is especially necessary if we read the role of the university
in achieving the goals of the Urban Agenda, the success of which is highly
dependent on the action and collaboration of all actors in the territorial,
institutional and socio-economic system.
                                                URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024    180



References

Adams, David. “Usable Knowledge in Public Policy.” Australian Journal of
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Bagnasco, Arnaldo. “Città in cerca di università. Le università regionali e
il paradigma dello sviluppo locale.” Stato e Mercato 24, no. 3 (2004): 455–
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Beagle, Donald. “The Emergent Information Commons: Philosophy,
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Bender, Thomas. The University and the City: From Medieval Origins to the
Present. New York: Oxford University Press on Demand, 1988.

Brighi, Enrico, Valentina Orioli, and Stefania Proli. “Il progetto urbano ai
tempi della rigenerazione: esperienze sul campo nei centri minori della
romagna.” EcoWebTown-Journal of Sustainable Design, 2019.

Coppola, Alessandro, Matteo Del Fabbro, Arturo SergioLanzani, Gloria
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Crosta, Pier Luigi, and Cristina Bianchetti. Conversazioni sulla ricerca.
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Giorgi, Alberta, Micol Pizzolati, and Elena Vacchelli. Metodi creativi per la
ricerca sociale. Contesto, pratiche, strumenti. Società editrice il Mulino, Spa,
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Jilke, Sebastian, Steven Van de Walle, and Soonhee Kim. “Generating
Usable Knowledge through an Experimental Approach to Public
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Lazzeroni, Michela. Geografie dell’università: esplorazioni teoriche e pratiche
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Monardo, Bruno, and Martina Massari. “A New Generation of ‘Urban
Centers’: ‘Intermediate Places’ in Boston and Bologna.” Smart Innovation,
Systems and Technologies, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48279-
4_87.
                                              URBANA Vol. 1, N. 1, 2024   181



Oldenburg, Ray. The Great Good Place: Cafés, Coffee Shops, Community
Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get
You through the Day. Paragon House New York, 1989.

Orioli, Valentina, and Martina Massari. Praticare l’urbanistica. Traiettorie
tra innovazione sociale e pianificazione. Urbanistica. Milano: FrancoAngeli,
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Palmer, Jason, Ian Cooper, and Rita Van der Vorst. “Mapping out Fuzzy
Buzzwords‒who Sits Where on Sustainability and Sustainable
Development.” Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (1997): 87–93.

Saija, Laura. La ricerca-azione in pianificazione territoriale e urbanistica.
Metodi del territorio. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2017.

Scolozzi, Rocco, Elisa Morri, and Riccardo Santolini. “Pianificare territori
sostenibili e resilienti: la prospettiva dei servizi ecosistemici.”
TERRITORIO 60, no. 1 (2012): 167–75.

Talbot, Colin, and Carole Talbot. “Usable Knowledge: Discipline-Oriented
versus Problem-Oriented Social Science in Public Policy.” The Palgrave
Handbook of Public Administration and Management in Europe, 2018, 1213–
34.

Tulumello, Simone, Laura Saija, and Andy Inch. “Planning amid Crisis
and Austerity: In, against and beyond the Contemporary Conjuncture.”
International    Planning    Studies   25,   no.  1   (2020):   1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2019.1704404.

Youtie, Jan, and Philip Shapira. “Building an Innovation Hub: A Case
Study of the Transformation of University Roles in Regional
Technological and Economic Development.” Research Policy 37, no. 8
(2008): 1188–1204.
