headline: Duniya ta farko da aka gano bayan tarin na cikin birninmu na Milky Way
text: Masana ilimin sararin samaniya sun gano wata alama wadda ke nuni da gano wata duniyar bayan dandazon taurarin da duniyarmu ke ciki wato a wajen birninmu na Milky Way. Akalla an gano kusan taurari guda 5,000 a saman taurarinmu, amma dukkansu suna kusa da hasken dandazon taurarin da muke ciki ne. Duniyar da aka gano alamarta, babba ce kamar girman duniyar Saturn. An gano ta ne ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesar Chandra X-Ray, kuma tana cikin babban dandazon taurari na 51 ne. Kuma tana da nisan kimanin tafiyar haske na shekara miliyan 28 daga hasken taurarinmu. Wannan sabon binciken ya ta'allaka ne da yanayin tafiya, inda wucewar sabuwar duniyar ta gaban wani tauraro ya tare hasken wasu taurari, wanda hakan ya haifar da dusashewar haskensu. Wannan ne ya taimaka wa na'urar hangen nesan wajen dauko hoton. An kuma yi amfani da wannan salon wajen gano dubban wasu duniyoyin daban. Dakta Rosanne Di Stefano da abokan aikinta sun nemi gano yadda hoton da aka dauko na wasu abubuwa suka dusashe. A cikin wannan hasken da aka dauko na wannan layin, akwai wani karamin tauraro ko baƙin rami da ke jan iskar gas daga taurarin da suke zagaye a kusa da shi. Wani abu da ke kusa da karamin tauraron ko baƙin ramin sai ya dauki zafi sosai, sannan ya ƙara haske a sanadiyar hasken daukar hoto. Saboda wajen da ke bayar da hasken daukar hoton ƙarami ne, duk wata duniya da za ta wuce ta gabansa, za ta iya tare da yawa daga cikin hasken ko kuma ta ma tare shi baki daya, wanda ya saukaka gano wucewar wani abu. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da wannan tsarin ne domin gano duniyar da suke binciken mai suna M51-ULS-1. "Tsarin da muka bi shi kadai ne a yanzu tsarin da za a iya bi wajen gano wasu dandazon taurarin," kamar yadda Dokta Di Stefano ta Cibiyar Binciken Taurari na Harvard-Smithsonian da ke Jami'ar Cambridge da ke Amurka ta bayyanawa BBC. "Tsari ne na daban, wanda kuma yake da yanayi mai kyau da za a gano wasu duniyar masu makwabtaka da layukan hotunan da muka gano duk nisansu, wanda daga nan kuma za mu iya gwada yanayin haskensu." Wannan layin yana dauke da wani baƙin rami ko karamin tauraro da yake zagaya wani tauraron mai nauyi da ke kusa da shi kusan ninki 20 sama da yadda rana ke yi. Wannan karamin tauraron, babban tauraro ne ya rage girma ya koma haka. Yana zagayan ne na awa uku, wanda a wannan lokacin ne hasken daukar hoton yake komawa farko. Da wannan ne da kuma sauran bayanai, masu ilimin sararin samaniyar suka gano cewa duniyar da suke bincike a kanta din girmanta ya yi kusa da Saturn, kuma tana manne ne da karamin tauraron ko baƙin rami da nisan kusan ninki biyu da nisan da Saturn din take daga rana. Dakta Di Stefano ta ce wannan tsarin da ya taimaka wajen samun nasarar gano wasu duniyar a hasken dandazon taurarinmu, yana daina aiki idan ana amfani da shi a wasu dandazon taurarin. Wannan ba zai rasa nasaba ba da cewa girman nisan da ke tsakani yana rage karfin hasken da ke kaiwa ga na'urar hangen nesan. Sannan kuma yana nufin akwai wasu abubuwa da suka taru a cikin dan ramanin wajen (kamar yadda aka gano daga duniyar nan da muke ciki) wanda hakan ya sa ake shan wahala wajen gano wasu taurarin. Da wadannan hotunan, ta ce, "watakila akwai wasu alamun da dama da za a iya gani a dandazon taurarin. Amma dai wasu daga cikin alamun suna da haske matuka da za su isa mu dauko hoton hasken da ke ciki. "A karshe, manyan hasken da ke fita daga karamin wajen, wucewar wata duniyar za ta iya dan tare shi, ko kuma ta tare dukan haskensa kamar muka gani a namu binciken." Masu binciken sun kara da cewa ana bukatar karin bayani domin tabbatar da binciken nasu. Sai dai wani kalubale shi ne yanayin girman layin duniyar ya sa ba za ta sake wucewa ba sai nan da kusan shekara 70, wanda hakan ke nufin takaita yiwuwar bibiyar binciken a nan kusa. Wani karin bayanin kuma da masana sararin samaniyar suka gano shi ne kasancewar iskar gas da ƙura da ke wucewa ta gaban wajen da aka dauko hoton ma na iya janyo dusashewar hasken da suka gani. Amma dai sun ce suna tunanin da wahala hakan ya faru domin alamun da suka gani ba su yi daidai da yanayin iskar gas ba. "Muna sane cewa wannan bincike ne mai muhimmanci, don haka muke kira ga sauran masana sararin samaniya su yi dubi ga bayanan cikin tsanaki," in ji Julia Berndtsson na Jami'ar Princeton da ke New Jersey, wanda ke cikin wadanda suka wallafa binciken. "Muna tunanin muna da hujja mai karfi, kuma wannan shi ne tsarin binciken kimiyya." Dakta Di Stefano ta ce sababbun na'urorin hangen nesa ba za su iya magance matsalar da ake fuskanta ba  ta duhu da taruwar abubuwa a waje daya, don haka suke tunanin amfani da daukar hoto din ne zai cigaba da zama mafi sauki wajen gano wasu duniyar a cikin wasu dandazon taurari. Sai dai ta ce akwai wani tsari da ake kira microlensing da zai iya taimaka wajen saukake gano wasu duniyar. An wallafa wannan binciken a Mujallar Nature Astronomy.