headline: Abu huɗu da masana suka gano game da cutar kiɗimewa
text: Wani sabon magani, da gwaje-gwajen jini da kuma wata alƙaryar kula da masu larura na cikin abubuwa guda huɗu da ke ba da ƙwarin gwiwa ga mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin kiɗima a tsawon sama da shekara huɗu. Kuma ƙarin ci gaba na nan tafe don taimakawa kowa da kowa - matashi da tsoho - a tsakanin dangin da ke fama da cutar kiɗimewa. Akwai ƙwaƙƙwaran ci gaba a shekarun baya-bayan nan, huɗu daga ciki mun zayyana su a nan ƙasa don tunawa da Ranar Cutar Kiɗimewa ta Duniya da ake yi duk 21 ga watan Satumba. Mece ce cutar kiɗimewa? Cutar kiɗimewa, wata larura ce da ta zama ruwan dare da ke haddasa cutar tsananin mantuwa ga tsofaffi, lamarin da ya shafi mutane sama da miliyan 55, a cewar Gidauniyar Masu Larurar Kiɗimewa ta Duniya. Da Ingilishi, ana kiran cutar da Alzheimer inda ta ci sunan Dr Alois Alzheimer. A 1906, ya lura da sauye-sauye a jijiyoyin ƙwaƙwalwar wata mata da ta mutu ɗauke da alamomin da suka haɗar da ƙwacewar tuna abubuwa da matsalolin harshe. Dr Sara Imarisio, Shugabar Bincike a Cibiyar Binciken Cutar Kiɗimewa ta Birtaniya ta shaida wa BBC cewa: "Bincike na inganta yadda muke duba lafiyar mutane, don karewa da kuma kula da masu larurar kiɗima. "Samar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da binciken farko a tsawon shekaru da dama, ya tallafa wa haziƙan mutane wajen samo dabaru masu ƙarfafa zuciya, lamarin da ya kawo mu ga wannan mataki, da aka samu hanyoyin yiwuwar magance cutar kiɗimewa da yawa." 1: 'Gagarumin ci gaba' daga binciken da halittun gado suka yi tasiri a (2022) Wani "muhimmin" nazari a bana ya alaƙanta ƙarin wasu halittun gado guda 42 da cutar kiɗima a karon farko. Masu ilmin kimiyya a ƙasashe guda takwas ciki har da Faransa da Amurka da Burtaniya da Ostireliya sun yi nazari kan ƙwayar halittar gado ta mutum 111,000 da ke fama da cutar kiɗimewa. Kuma sun gano ƙwayoyin gado 75 masu alaƙa da ƙaruwar hatsarin da ke kawo cutar, a ciki har da guda 42 waɗanda a baya sam ba a danganta su da wannan larura ba. Abubuwan da suka gano kuma aka wallafa a mujallar [/CPS/32776360]Nature Genetics, sun nuna cewa sabubba da yawa ne ke haddasa cutar kiɗima da hujjar da aka samu ta wani taƙamaiman sinadarin furotin mai alaƙa da kumewa. Farfesa Julie Williams wadda suka yi binciken haɗin gwiwar ta bayyana aikin a matsayin "wani gagarumin ci gaba a ƙoƙarinmu na fahimtar larurar kiɗimewa da kuma a ƙarshe mu samar da hanyoyin magani masu yawa da ake buƙata don kawo jinkiri ko kuma kare kamuwa da cutar". "Sakamakon binciken ya tallafa wa ilmin da ke bunƙasa na cewa cutar kiɗima, wata larura ce mai matuƙar sarƙaƙiya da sababi birjik masu janyo ta, da sauye-sauyen ƙwayoyin halittu da kuma nau'o'in ƙwayar halittar masu alaƙa da bunƙasar ta." Sauran binciken ya nuna cewa sabubban salon rayuwa kamar shan taba sigari da ɗabi'ar cin wani nau'in abinci, na da tasiri ga mutumin da zai iya shiga kiɗimewa. Amma masu bincike sun yi imani ƙwayoyin halittun gado su ne mafi hatsari wajen kawo wannan cuta. 2: Alƙarya masu larurar kiɗimewa (2020) Wata sabuwar fahimta kuma, ta kula, da maganin larurar kiɗimewa ita ce alƙaryoyin da aka gina takanas don masu larurar, inda za su zauna su yi rayuwa kamar yadda suka saba, amma ko da yaushe a kan idon masu ba da kulawa. Faransa ta kafa wata alƙaryar da aka kebe wa masu larurar kiɗima a 2020, la'akari da wata alƙarya ta "masu larurar tsananin mantuwa" a ƙasar Netherlands. An kafa alƙaryar ce a Dax kudu maso yammacin Faransa, inda aka tanadi kantin sayen kayayyaki da na gyaran gashi ko aski da kuma gidajen kaɗe-kaɗe. An tsara alƙaryar ce don ta dace da irin garuruwan nan na gargajiya masu ganuwa da shimfiɗaɗɗen sarari da za a tabbatar da ganin komai na tafiya daidai. Mai tsara alƙaryar ya faɗa wa jaridar Le Monde cewa alƙaryar ba ta da ganuwa a zahiri amma tana da hanyoyi da yawa masu aminci da kuma tsarin al'adu da zamantakewar birni mai matuƙar gauraya. Madeleine Elissalde mai shekara 82 na cikin mutanen da suka fara tarewa. "Ina jin nutsuwa," in ji Elissade. "Ana matuƙar kula da mu." "ƙwacewar tunaninta ya rage tsanani," cewar Aurore, jikar Elissalde. "Tana cikin farin ciki kuma tana sake samun nishaɗi tamkar a rayuwarta ta baya." Daya daga cikin sakamakon kafa alƙaryar masu kiɗimewa ita ce mutanen da ke zaune kusa da ita ga alama suna canza fahimtarsu game da masu irin wannan larura. An wallafa wani safiyo na mazauna birnin da ke karbar baƙuncin alƙaryar\n[/CPS/32776361] a watan Agustan 2022. Ya nuna ƙarancin adadi na mutanen da ke nuna tsana ga masu larurar kiɗima bayan buɗe alƙaryar, idan an kwatanta da wani birni maras alƙaryar masu kiɗimewa, inda ɗabi'ar nuna tsanar ta tsaya kamar yadda aka sani a baya. 3: Amurka ta amince da wani sabon magani na farko don masu kiɗimewa a cikin shekara 20 (2021) Hukumomi karon farko a Amurka cikin watan Yunin 2021 a kusan shekara 20 sun amince da wani sabon magani ga masu larurar kiɗimewa. Maganin Aducanumab na kashe manyan sabubban da ke haddasa kiɗimewa, nau'in da ya fi zama ruwan dare na larurar tsananin mantuwa, maimakon alamomin cutar. A watan Maris na 2019 ne, aka dakatar da gwaje-gwajen ƙarshe na maganin Aducanumab, wanda ya ƙunshi marasa lafiya kimanin 3,000. Hakan ya zo ne sakamakon ƙididdigar da aka yi mai nuna maganin ɗure duk wata, ba shi da wani inganci wajen rage taɓarɓarewar tuna abubuwa da matsalolin tunani a kan wani magani makamancinsa. Sai dai daga bisani, kamfanin Biogen mai haɗa magunguna a Amurka ya ƙalailaice ƙarin bayanai kuma ya tabbatar cewa maganin yana da tasiri, matuƙar aka bai wa maras lafiya adadi mai yawa. Kamfanin ya kuma ce maganin ya yi matuƙar rage taɓarɓarewar fikira. Sai dai a watan Disamban 2021 Hukumar kula da Magunguna ta Turai ta ce ba za ta amince da shi ba. Hukumar ta ce maganin Aducanumab ga alama ba shi da tasiri wajen yi wa magidantan da ke ɗauke da alamomin farko-farko na cutar kiɗimewa magani. A lokacin da ake amincewa da maganin a Amurka, wasu masana kimiyya sun ce akwai shaida 'yar kaɗan daga gwaje-gwajen da aka yi na amfanin maganin, duk da yake yana kashe amilod - wani nau'in sinadarin furotin da ke jibge tarkace a ƙwaƙwalen mutane masu cutar kiɗimewa. Don haka yayin da ake sayar da sabon maganin a Amurka, can a wani wuri kuma ana da tababa kan tasirinsa. 4: Gwaje-gwajen jini don gano cutar kiɗimewa kafin bayyanar alamominta (2019) Masana kimiyya sun ce a 2019,  suna iya ganowa daidai wa daida mutanen da ke kan hanyar samun kiɗima kafin ma alamomin cutar su bayyana. Sun yi imanin cewa hakan zai iya taimakawa wajen samun bunƙasar gwaje-gwajen magani. Masana kimiyyar Amurka na iya amfani da yawan sinadarin amilod a cikin jini don taimakawa wajen hasashen tattaruwarsa a ƙwaƙwalwa. Masu bincike daga Tsangayar Nazarin Likitanci a Jami'ar Washington ta jihar Missourin Amurka[/CPS/32773325] sun yi rubutu a mujallar Neurology inda suka gwada yawan sinadarin amilod beta furotin a cikin jinin mutum 158 'yan sama da shekara 50. Suna son ganin ko hoton ƙwaƙwalwa zai nuna makamancin wannan adadi. Hoton, tabbas ya nuna irin wannan adadi, sai dai kawai ga kashi 88 na yawan gwajin da aka yi ne, abin da bai isa zama hujjar haƙiƙa ba ga hanyar duba lafiya. Lokacin da masu binciken suka haɗa wannan bayani da sauran sababi biyu na kamuwa da cutar - kasancewar mutum ɗan sama da shekara 65 da mutane masu nau'in ƙwayar halittar gado da ake kira APOE4 - haƙiƙar gwajin jinin ya inganta zuwa kashi 94. BBC ta ambato ƙwararru a Burtaniya cikin 2019 na cewa sakamakon mai ƙarfafa zuciya ne kuma wani ci gaba ne wajen samun wani gwajin jini abin dogaro don cutar kiɗimewa, ta yadda za a hanzarta bincike kan cutar tsananin mantuwa. Sai dai, ƙwararrun likitoci kuma sun yi gargaɗi a kan dogaro da gwaje-gwajen jini a yanzu. Gidauniyar cutar Kiɗimewa ta Amurka[/CPS/32773326] ta ce "Duk da yawan gwaje-gwajen cutar tsananin mantuwa da ake kambawa kai tsaye ga abokan hulɗa, babu ɗaya a ciki da aka tabbatar da haƙiƙar ingancinsa". Gidauniyar ta ba da shawarar likita ya duba lafiyar mutum ta hanyar bin diddigin wasu sabubba: "Ga waɗannan, da ma sauran wasu dalilai, Gidauniyar masu Larurar Kiɗimewa ta yi imanin cewa gwaje-gwajen da ake yi a gida ba za su iya, kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da su a matsayin wani madadin binciken ƙalailaicewa da wani ƙwararren likita zai yi ba." A taƙaice, akwai yiwuwar samun hanyar gwajin jini don gano cutar kiɗimewa sai dai hanyar duba lafiya don gano wata halayya, muhimmiyar dabara ce ta tabbatarwa idan akwai alamomin larurar. Makomar maganin kiɗimewa da cutar tsananin mantuwa A cewar Dr Sara Imarisio Shugabar Bincike a Cibiyar harkokin Binciken cutar Kiɗimewa ta Burtaniya akwai magunguna sama da 150 da ke matakin gwaje-gwaje na cutar kiɗimewa. Sai dai ta yi gargaɗin cewa za su ɗauki lokaci kafin kammala wannan mataki zuwa samun amincewa, kuma su haɗa su don amfanin wani maras lafiya. "Nan gaba, matakan kare kamuwa da cutar da suka haɗar da shan magani da canza salon rayuwa na iya zama hanya mafi inganci ta taƙaita illar cutar tsananin mantuwa. Yayin da sabbin magungunan za su ɗauki shekaru da yawa kafin su tabbata, canza salon rayuwa abu ne da ke kusa da mu." A ƙarshe, rage hatsarin da mutum ke ciki ta hanyar rungumar matakan salon rayuwa masu inganta lafiya zai taimaka wajen taƙaita yiwuwar shiga kiɗima. Amma, yayin da kimiyyar aikin likitanci ke bunƙasa, kamata ya yi ita ma ta ƙara ba da gudunmawa wajen yaƙi da wannan babban sababi da ke haddasa tsananin matuwa.