headline: Chang'e-5: Yadda China ta yi aike duniyar wata don a kwaso mata duwatsu
text: China ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri na ƙoƙarin ɗauko samfurin wasu duwatsu daga duniyar wata. Wani jirgin butun-butumi ne da aka ƙaddamar tare da harba shi a garin Wenchang zai yi wannan aiki idan kuma aka yi nasara zai dawo duniyarmu a tsakiyar watan Disamba. Kimanin shekara 40 kenan tun da Amurka da tarayyar Soviet suka ɗauko samfurin duwatsu da ƙasa daga duniyar wata domin yin nazari a kansu. China na ƙoƙarin zama ƙasa ta uku da za ta gudanar da irin wannan aiki, wanda zai zama aiki mai tattare da gwagwarmaya. Wani shiri ne mai cike da matakai daban-daban, da ya haɗar da matuƙin da zai kai na'urar falaƙi, da kuma na'urar Lander sai kuma daga ƙarshe ya dawo da sauran kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su, a cikin fakitin domin dawo da shi cikin sauri da kuma sajewa da yanayin zafi a ƙarshen wannan aiki. Amma za a ƙara samun ƙwarin gwiwa bayan an kammaka aiwatar da wannan aiki da na'urar Lunar da aka fara aiwatarwa sama da shekara 10 da suka wuce ta hanyar amfani da tauraron ɗan adam. Chang'e-5 zai yi ƙoƙarin sauka a kusa da wani wuri da ake kira Mons Rumker, wani waje mai cike da duwatsu masu aman wuta a yankin da ake kira Oceanus Procellarum. Duwatsun da za a ɗauko a wurin ƙanana ne idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda masana ilimin taurari suka samo wa  Amurka da Soviet a na'urarsu ta Lunar - misali waɗanda suka kai shekara biliyan 1.3 da kuma waɗanda suka kai shekaru biliyan 3 zuwa 4. Wannan zai bai wa masana kimiyya damar gane hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita a ƙara sanin abubuwan da suka shafi duniyar wata. Wannan butun-butumi na Chang'e-5 zai bunƙasa fahimtarmu game da tarihin duwatsu masu aman wuta da ke duniyar wata, in ji Dakta Katherine Joy da ke jami'ar Manchester. Ta shaida wa BBC cewa: "An aika wannan na'ura ne zuwa yanki da a baya muka sani ana samun duwatsu masu aman wuta. Muna son sanin takamaimai yaushe hakan yake faruwa." Lokacin da butun-butumin Chang'e-5 ya isa duniyar wata zai tafi ne kan layin falaƙi. Sai akwatun da ke ɗauke da shi ta sake shi ya sauka cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi. Yana sauka ƙasa, abubuwan da suke ciki za su fita su zagaye shi kafin su fara kwaso albarkatun ƙasa. Akwatun da ke ɗauke da shi da ake kira (Lander) na da ƙarfin yin haƙa a sararin wurin da za ta sauka, ko kuma ta yaye shimfiɗar da ke saman ƙasar. Abun hawan da ake amfani da shi, zai ɗauko samfurin ya dawo da shi tare da matuƙin falaƙin. Wani mataki ne da ke cike da haɗari da ya zama dole a ɗauke shi, za a haɗo duwatsun da ƙasar sannan a zuba su cikinwani  mazubi a kawo wannan duniyar. Sai ayarin na'urar ya ɗauko ƙasar da aka zuba ya kawo ta cikin yankin Mongolia. Duka hanyoyin cike suke da haɗari, sai dai masu zane sun matuƙar sanin hanyar - hanya iri ɗaya ce da aka bi lokacin da mutane suka fara zuwa duniyar wata a shekarun 1960/70. China ta sanya azamar cimma wannan muradi. "Za ka iya ganin bambanci tsakanin abin da aka yi na cimma burin butun-butumin Chang'e-5 - musamman bambaci tsakanin yadda sassansa suke da kuma yadda suke aiki tare da juna - da kuma abun da ake buƙata daga wurin dan adam," in ji Dakta James Capenter masanin kimiyya kuma jami'i a ma'aikatar samaniya ta Turai. Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos