headline: Coronavirus: Mbe urukingo ruzodusubiza ubuzima nk'ubwo twahorana?
text: Benshi muri twebwe baripfuza ko urucanco rushasha kandi rukora neza rwa coronavirus rudusubiza mu buzima bwacu twahoramwo imbere y'ico kiza. Ariko benshi mu bahinga bavuga ko n'aho urwo rucanco rwoboneka, guca duta kure udupfukamunwa atari ivyo ubu vuba. Guma umanuka hepfo ↓ umenye ingene urukingo rukora unamenye n'igituma hakenewe gukingira abantu benshi bashoboka kugira dusubire mu buzima bwo kutegerana kure na kure. Incanco, nka hose zifatwa nka kimwe mu bintu ubuvuzi bwashitseko gihambaye mu bihe vya none kw'isi yose. Buri mwaka, zirokora ubuzima bw'abantu bari hagati ya miriyoni zibiri na zitatu, zigakinga ingwara zigeramira amagara y'abantu zirenga 20, nk'uko bimenyeshwa n'ishami rya Onu rijejwe amagara y'abantu kw'isi WHO/OMS. Ingwara z'abana zari zimenyerewe cane mu myaka iheze zigenda zigabanuka cane. Ibihara - vyishe abantu imiriyoni n'imiriyoni - vyaratujijwe burundu. Ariko vyafashe imyaka mirongo kugira iyo ntambwe ishikweko - kandi benshi muri twebwe ubu twiteze incanco za coronavirus zikora neza kugira dushike ku ntambwe nk'iyo mu gihe gito cane. Inkuru zivuga ko zimwe mu ncanco zanyarutse kuboneka zokora ku bice 90% - bisigura ko abantu 9 kuri 10 bahawe izo ncanco bashobora kutandura Covid- 19 - vyatumye bamwe bizera ko bagiye gusubira kwegerana, banajugunyire kure udupfukamunwa. Muri Amerika no mu Bwongereza aho kwemeza izo ncanco bigiye kuba vuba vyihuta no gucandaga abantu bose bikaba biriko birategurwa, bamwe batanguye kuvuga ko bagiye gusubira mu bihe bisanzwe mu misi ya vuba. Ariko bamwe mu bahinga hamwe n'abashakashatsi mu vyo amagara y'abantu baragabisha ko incanco, zizoba  ari nke mu ntango, kandi zigenewe imigwi yatoranijwe, n'aho zizokingira imigwi igeramiwe cane n'abakozi mu vyo amagara y'abantu baza imbere mu kugwanya ico kiza, zitariko ziratuma dusubira mu buzima bwa kera twari tubayemwo ubu vuba. Uwurongoye WHO/OMS Tedros Ghebreyesus, yagize ati: "Urucanco ruzokwunganira ubundi buryo dufise, ntiruzobusubirira. Urucanco ubwarwo ntiruzorandurana n'imizi ico kiza." Insiguro ku ntera iri hagati y'ivyitezwe - hagati y'icizere kuri bamwe mu banye politike hamwe n'abanyagihugu ku ruhande rumwe, hamwe n'amakenga ya benshi mu bahinga ku rundi ruhande - bishobora, kutihwezwa neza ingene ari igikorwa kitoroshe kuronka incanco  zikwiye ku bantu zigenewe. Ico benshi muri twebwe tutabona, n'uko iyo tuvuze ingwara zandukira - zirya ziva ku muntu zija ku wundi - kugira mu vyo ukuri ukingire buri muntu, dukeneye gucandaga igitigiri kinini. Ibi ni ukubera ko inguvu z'urucanco zidahagaze ku bushobozi rufise bwo kudukingira ku giti cacu, n'ubushobozi rufise bwo gukingira abantu bose batwegereye, no mu mibano aho tubaye. Fata akarorero ka Shona ngaha. Ikibazo za Shona, twebwe hamwe no mu mibano yacu n'uko ata rucanco na rumwe rukora ijana kw'ijana. Urucanco rw'agasama ni rumwe muri nziza  kandi rukingira hagati y'ibice 95% - 98% vy'abantu. Incanco za Covid- 19 ziherutse gushirwa ahabona za Pfizer/BioNTech na Moderna zifise ubushobozi burenga 90%, basanze ari zike kandi ntituramenya nimba ivyo biharuro bizogenda bigabanuka uko umwanya ugenda canke bivanye n'ahandi ziriko zirageragerezwa atari kwa muganga. Ivyo bisigura ko hafi umuntu umwe kw'icumi ashobora kutazokingirwa Covid- 19 - n'aho twocandaga buri muntu. Mu gihe urucanco rutoshika hose ijana kw'ijana, ivyo na vyo bikaba bisa n'ibidashoboka mu mugambi uwo ari wose wo gucandaga, igitigiri c'abantu bageramiwe gishobora kwongerekana. Bashobora kuba mubo iyo ngwara igeramira gusumba - dusanzwe tuzi abatama urucanco rudafata neza, n'aho incanco za coronavirus zerekanye inyishu nziza kuri abo twariko turavuga. Mu gihe wokingira gusa abasanzwe bageramiwe, uzohagarika impfu zahora zibahitana muri uwo mugwi, ugabanye umuzigo ku bitaro vyahora bibakira, ariko ntibizohagarika ukwanduzanya, nk'uko bivugwa n'uwahoze ashinzwe igisata co gucandaga mu Bwongereza, Prof David Salisbury. Hejuru y'ivyo, bamwe mu mibano, ku mvo z'amagara, nk'abantu bari ku miti itandukanye ya cancer, bashobora kutazopfa bacandazwe. Ibi bisigura ko igitigiri kinini c'abantu batwegereye bazoguma bageramiwe n'iyo ngwara. Bamwe mu bagenzi bacu n'imiryango bashobora kuba bari muri abo. Ariko haracari inzira zo gushobora gukingira mu bundi buryo buri muntu wese - n'ukuraba ingene abantu bokingirwa ari benshi cane. Mu gihe twocandaga abantu bakwiye mu gihugu, hari ikintu kidasanzwe coshika. Tuba dushizeho amabariyeri ataboneka atuma ahagarika ukwanduzanya, mu bundi buryo bigakingira abantu bacu basanzwe bageramiwe hamwe n'umuryango. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bavyita gukingira abanyagihugu canke gucandaga. Uku ni ko bigenda. None ni bangahe muri twebwe bazokenera urucanco rwa coronavirus? Ivyo gushika ubu tutaramenya - kandi ni ngombwa kugira umenye uko wokingira bose - ni ku rugero rungana gute urucanco rwa  Covid- 19 rushobora kubuza ukwandukizanya, canke rwica imigera. Dushobora kubanza kurindira  umwanya muto kugira tumenye ibi bintu neza, ariko abahinga bakoze urucanco rwa  Pfizer/BioNTech bavuga ko hari amahirwe ko n'imiburiburi rumwe muri zo rushobora gufasha kugabanya ayo mahirwe make. Ariko n'aho twokwemeza ko ifasha mu kutandukizanya, igitigiri c'abantu bazokenera guhabwa urwo rucanco mu ntumbero yo gukingira abageramiwe gusumba kiri hejuru cane. Ibi ni ukubera, n'aho hoba harimwo urugero runini rw'umuti mu rucanco rukora neza, igitigiri kinini c'abantu benshi kiguma kigeramiwe, nk'uko bivugwa na Prof David Salisbury, yahoze arongoye igisata co gucandaga mu bushikiranganji bw'amagara y'abantu mu Bwongereza akaba ari n'umushakashatsi mu kigo ca Chatham House. Ibi ni ibiharuro bisanzwe, ni ko abisigura. Iki ni co gituma abahinga bavuga ko, gushika turonke incanco zo guhama abantu batari mu migwi igeramiwe na Covid- 19 gusa, kandi hagashikirwa igitigiri kinini c'abantu, ingingo yo kutegerana ntiriko iravanwaho vuba. Prof Salisbury agira ati: "Mu gihe ukingiye abageramiwe gusa, urahagarika impfu ziba muri uwo mugwi, ukagabanya n'umuzigo ku bitaro, ariko ntibihagarika ukwanduzanya." Abandanya avuga ko ukwanduzanya bibandanya hagati y'abantu batacandazwe, bashobora gukwiragiza iyo ngwara mu bantu bageramiwe ariko batacandazwe no mu bageramiwe bacandazwe ariko urucanco rutafashe neza. [Urucanco] ruzorangiza ico kiza, ni ikibazo gusa co kumenya ni ryari, kandi biragoye kumenya kubera kuronka uru rucanco gusa ari ikibazo gikomeye, nk'uko bivugwa na Azra Ghani, umuhinga mu vyo ingwara zandukira kuri Imperial College London. Ibi nta nkeka bisigura ko mu kwirinda ko haba uduce habamwo iyandukizwa no kubangamira abagenzi bacu bageramiwe hamwe n'imiryango mu mibano, dukeneye gucandaga ku rugero runini abantu bari mu myaka yose hirya no hino mu turere. Uravye ingene kw'isi ubu abantu babonana uravye uko biyunguruza hamwe n'ubudandaji, ibi bisigura ko vyokorwa muri buri gihugu kw'isi yose. Prof Salisbury avuga ati: "Iki ni ikiza cakwiye hose, si ikiza co ku rwego rw'igihugu, rero n'ukugihagarika hose hanyuma, imbere yo gukora ivyo, nta muntu n'umwe atageramiwe." Kuri ubu umugambi wo ku rwego rw'isi wo gutanga urukingo wibanda ku bahakwa cane kwandura hamwe n'abakora mu vyo amagara y'abantu, bakasonswa inkingo nkeya zimaze kuboneka ubwa mbere. Ariko bimwe mu bihugu biza vyaramaze kuvuga ko bifise umugambi wo gucandaga n'abatari mu migwi igeramiwe mu gihe incanco zoba zibonetse, harimwo Amerika n'Ubwongereza. Uwurongoye igisata c'amagara y'abantu mu Bwongereza, NHS (UK's National Health Service), yavuze ko bizofata gushika mu kwezi kwa kane kugira abageramiwe bose baronke urucanco - ariko intumbero ya reta n'iyo gucandaga abantu benshi bashoboka bafise imyaka irenga 16. Muri rusangi, WHO igereranya ko hagati y'ibice 65% na 70% vy'abantu bazokenera urucanco imbere y'uko ukwandukizanya bihagarara, abantu bose bagakingirwa hanyuma kuri buri muntu no muri buri kibanza bikamenyekana ko iyo ngwara atayikihavugwa. Prof Azra Ghani, umuhinga mu vyo ingwara zandukira kuri Imperial College London, yaminuje muvyerekeye ibiharuro vy'ingwara zandukira, yibaza ko dukeneye gushika ku bice 70% kugira "iyo ngwara ibe itakivugwa". Yemeza ko bishoboka gushika kuri ico cipfuzo co gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, ariko ko kubishikako bisaba guca mu nzira zigoye, mbere n'aho ata nzitizi zohaba. "Bizorangiza iki kiza, n'ikibazo c'ukumenya ryari, bikaba binagoye  kuvyitegurira kuko kuronka uru rucanco ari vyo vyari bigoye cane." Gucandaga igice kinini c'abantu imiliyoni 68 bo mu Bwongereza, kazoba ari akazi kanini, udashizemwo gushikira abantu baba kw'isi yose bashika imiriyaridi 7.8. Nta kintu na kimwe cari bwagere kuri uru rugero. Izo ncanco n'ibikoresho bijana - nk'aho zibikwa - bitegerezwa gukorwa ari vyinshi cane. Abakora incanco bashobora kutaronka izizoba zikenewe zose. Izo ncanco kandi zirakeneye kuvanwa aho zikorerwa zijanwa mu mavuriro - harimwo ayari kure cane, no mu turere tugoye gushikamwo hirya no hino kw'isi. Zimwe muri izo ncanco zikeneye kandi kubikwa ahantu hakanye, nk'akarorero urucanco rwa Pfizer rukeneye kuguma mu kibanza gifise ubushuhe bungana na -70 (-94F). Ikigo kijejwe amagara y'abantu mu Bwongereza kiza caramaze gutegura ibigo bizocandagirwamwo abantu benshi bifise ibikoresho bikwiye, inyuma y'aho ico gihugu kibereye ica mbere kw'isi kwemeza urucanco rwa Pfizer. Ariko ku bandi, ingorane zizoba nyinshi. Kompanyi ikomeye y'abadagi izwi cane mu gutwara ibintu, DHL, yaragabishije ko ibice binini vyo muri Afrika, Aziya na Amerika y'epfo, bidafise ahantu hakanye hakwiye  hegereye aho izo ncanco zoshikanwa, co kimwe n'ububiko bukwiye, ivyo bikaba "bishobora gutera izindi ngorane" zo gushikana incanzo aho zikenewe. Hari kandi iyindi nzitizi ishobora gutuma haba ukutanyarutsa gushikira abantu bakwiye mu gukingira abageramiwe. Abategetsi mu vyo amagara y'abantu bategerezwa kugondoza abantu benshi "bafise amakenga kuri izo ncanco" - ukwiyongera kw'abantu bagikekeranya kwicandagisha - ibibonwa nka kimwe mu bintu cumi biza kw'isonga  bigeramiye uwo mugambi w'amagara y'abantu wa WHO. Mu Bwongereza, ibice hafi 36 kw'ijana vy'abantu bavuze ko batazi canke bashobora kutazokwicandagisha, nk'uko icegeranyo c'amatohoza yakozwe n'ibigo vya British Academy na Royal Society kibivuga. Ibiharuro nk'ivyo kandi vyarabonetse mu matohoza ya YouGov mu kwezi guheze. Ayo makenga ku rucanco, hakiyongerako ibihuha vyinshi kuri urwo rucanco - ivyiswe umuhari wiyemeje kugwanya urwo rucanco - bizotuma bigorana gukingira abantu no kurushikana mu bindi bihugu vyinshi. Prof Ghani  avuga ko gusigurira neza abantu bategerezwa kuronka urucanco ariko bumva ko " batewe ubwoba" n'ingene urucanco rwa Covid- 19 rwanyarutse gukorwa, kizoba igikorwa gikomeye mu gucandaga abantu benshi mu Bwongereza. Yavuze ko akazi kanini ko kugondoza abantu no kwitaba amasango kazoba gasigura urugero rwo gutera intambwe yo gukingira abantu "buhoro buhoro". Uretse ubuhinga n'ibibazo vyo gushikana urucanco mu Bwongereza hose no kw'isi, inkuru nziza n'uko bisa n'uko incanco za mbere zizogira ico zishitseko mu rugamba rwo kurwanya Covid- 19. Mu kiringo gito, zizofasha abageramiwe cane gusumba abandi mu gihugu kutaremba cane hanyuma ngo bapfe, cane cane abasaza hamwe n'abakora mu gisata c'amagara y'abantu. Itangazo rya Pfizer/BioNTech ko urucanco rwabo ruzokingira ibice 94% vy'abantu barengeje imyaka 65 ni intambwe ikomeye muri iki gikorwa. Inkuru mbi n'uko bishobora gufata amezi canke imyaka mu gucandaga abantu benshi mu bantu baba kw'isi kugira imigenderanire yo kw'isi ntigiremwo agatosi kandi hagere igihe twese dusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Prof Salisbur yavuga ko ibivugwa ko incanco zizodusubiza mu bihe twarimwo imbere y'uko Covid itera kuri Pasika y'uyu mwaka, vyatanze icizere kidashoboka ku bantu, kandi gushika ku bintu nk'ivyo, hatabaye guhagarika ukwandukizanya, bisa n'"ibidashoboka". Avuga ko n'ibihugu bifise ubushobozi bukomeye mu vyo amagara y'abantu hamwe n'uburambe mu migambi yo gucandaga - nk'Ubwongereza - bizosanga gushikira abantu benshi mu ntumbero yo guhagarika ukwandukizanya harimwo ingorane nyinshi. Prof Salisbur avuga ko mu gihe kazoza ku migwi igeramiwe  "ata nkeka kazoba ari keza" mu mwaka uza, abandi dusigaye dusa n'uko dukwiye kwongereza ingingo zo kwikingira mu misi iri mbere, ico yise "urucanco rurenzeko". Prof Ghani yemeza akanagereranya ko bizotwara iyindi myaka 2 "kugira isi yose izogaruke mu buzima busanzwe", ariko mu gihe uko bikorwa vyonyaruka ku bihugu bitunze nk'Ubwongereza. Ariko yagabishije ko mu gihe incanco zorangiza ico kiza, "ntizizorandurana n'imizi uwo mugera", isi izokenera  "kubandanya gucandagwa" nk'uko ibikora no ku zindi ngwara. Hishimikijwe igihe gishasha c'"urucanco rurenzeko" rushobora gufasha mu kugwanya Covid- 19, umwaka wa 2021 usa n'uwuzodusaba kubandanya kurondera kugwanya ico kiza mu mezi ari imbere -  mbere n'inyuma y'aho.