headline: France: Joséphine Baker abaye umugore wa mbere w'umwirabure agiye gushirwa mu ntatemwa y'intwari
text: Umunyatugenegene w'umufaransa yavukiye muri Amerika Joséphine Baker agiye gushirwa mu kibanza c'intatemwa ca Panthéon i Paris, akazoba abaye umugore wa mbere w'umwirabure ahawe iki cubahiro. Reta ivuga ko Baker azoshirwa muri ico kibanza mu kw'icumi na rimwe. Panthéon ni ikibanza cahambwemwo Abafaransa babaye rurangiranwa, nk'umuhinga Marie Curie n'umwanditsi Victor Hugo. Baker azoba abaye umugore agize gatandatu, akaba n'umwiraburekazi wa mbere, azoba ashizwe muri ico kibanza c'intwari z'igihugu zababa 80. Baker yavukiye i St Louis muri reta ya Missouri mu 1906,  yagiye kuba rurangiranwa mu makungu mu myaka ya 1930 amaze gushika mu Bufaransa kubandanirizayo ibijanye n'utugenegene. Hanyuma kandi, ari muri wa murwi warwanije aba Nazi (bazwi nk'aba Resistants) arwanira Ubufaransa nk'igihugu camureze, mu gihe c'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, akaba yaranagize uruhara mu mihari yaharanira agateka ka muntu muri Amerika. Mu kumushira muri ico kibanza c'intatemwa ca Panthéon ni ukwerekana ko igihugu gikenguruka uruhara yagize mu tugenegene twiwe hamwe n'ubutwari yagize mu rugamba rwo kurwanya bikomeye aba Nazi b'abadagi mu gihe c'intambara. Mu gihe ikiziga ciwe kizoguma aho yahambwe i Monaco, azohabwa icubahiro ku wa 30 z'ukwa cumi na rimwe, aho azokwubakirwa icibutso gifise icapa ciwe, nk'uko umwe mu bana biwe, Claude Bouillon-Baker, yabibwiye itororokanirizo ry'amakuru AFP. Perezida Emmanuel Macron w'Ubufaransa yemeje iyinjizwa rya Baker muri ico kibanza inyuma y'isekeza ryari rirongowe n'umuryango wiwe hamwe n'urwandiko rwateweko igikumu n'abantu hafi 38.000. Mu 2013, niho  umuryango wa Baker watangura gusaba ko yokwinjizwa muri ico kibanza, ariko umukuru w'igihugu wenyene niwe ashobora gutanga uburenganzira ku bategerezwa kucinjizwamwo. Mu gushimira umukuru w'igihugu, umushikiranganji wa reta Agnès Pannier-Runacher  avuga ko Baker yari "umugore akomeye yakunze Ubufaransa". Umwe mu bari muri iri sekeza, Jennifer Guesdon, avuga ko iyi ngingo gitumye Baker amenyekana, mu gihe "abantu bari ku rushi gusa ari bo bari bazi ko ari umuntu rurangiranwa kw'isi". Baker yatanguye kumenyekana cane mu biteramo yakunze gukora mu myaka ya 1920 na 1930 vyatumye abantu bamukunda cane kubera intambo ziwe yabaryohera. Ariko rero, ivyo yakoze mu gihe c'intambara vyatumye agira ijunja mu Bufaransa, bituma ahabwa ubwenegihugu bw'Ubufaransa amaze kwubaka urwiwe n'umugabo yakora mu mahinguriro, Jean Lion mu 1937. Baker yarakoresheje ubwamamare bwiwe mu kwegeranya amakuru ku bikorwa vy'ingabo z'abadagi yashikiriza, abicishije mu muziki. Mu buzima bwiwe bwose, Baker yari umwe mu bantu bakomeye cane barwanije ivangura rishingiye ku rukoba. Mu 1963, yarifatanije n'abandi mu myiyerekano yabaye i WAshington ari kumwe n'umukuru w'abaharanira uburenganzira bw'abirabure Martin Luther King Jr, igihe ashikiriza rya jambo ryabaye rurangiranwa hose "I Have a Dream" (mfise indoto/inzozi). Baker yasandavye mu 1975, ahabwa icubahiro ca gisirikare mu Bufaransa umusi wo kumushingura.