headline: Intambara ya Ukraine na Russia: Ibombe y'umwuka ni iki?
text: Uburusiya bwagirizwa ko butegura gukoresha ibirwanisho vy'umwuka - bizwi nka thermobarics canke vacuum bombs - mu gitero yakoze kuri Ukraine. Ibi birwanisho biteje impari kuko ni rutikiza inganda gusumba ibirwanisho bisanzwe, kandi bikagira ingaruka mbi cane ku muntu uw'ari we wese yegereye aho giturikiye. Ikibombe c'umwuka, kizwi kandi nka aerosol bomb canke fuel air explosive, gifise agasaho k'ibitoro ariko kikaba gifise ibiturika bibiri bitandukanye. Gishobora guterwa n'inkoho itera roketi canke kigaterwa n'indege nka bombe. Iyo gishitse aho carungitswe, igiturika ca mbere cugurura aka gasaho hagaca haduka uruvangatirane rw'ivyuka nk'igicu. Iki gicu gishobora kwinjira mu nyubakwa iyo ari yo yose umuntu yinyegejemwo iyo idapfunze neza. Igiturika ca kabiri rero gica gituritsa iki gicu, hagaca haduka umuriro mwinshi cane, umukuba w'umuyaga mwinshi cane n'umwuka mubi uca unywa impwemu (oxygen) iri muri ako gace kose. Iki kirwanisho gishobora gusambura amazu yose yitwa ngo yubatswe mu bikoresho bikomeye, kikica kikanakomeretsa abantu. Bikoreshwa mu ntumbero nyinshi zitandukanye, kandi bikaba bifise ubunini butandukanye - harimwo n'ibirwanisho bikoreshwa n'umuntu umwe nk'ama grenade canke zigaterwa n'inkoho zitera amarokete zitwarwa n'umuntu. Ibibombe nk'ibi binini cane bitererwa mu kirere na vyo vyarahinguwe, cane cane mu ntumbero yo kwica abarwanyi baba binyegeje mu masenga no mu myobo igoye gushikamwo - ingaruka z'iki kirwanisho zikaba ari zo za mbere mbi cane mu bibanza vyugaye. Mu 2007, Uburusiya bwaragerageje ikibombe kinini cabwo co muri ubu bwoko, iciswe "Father of all bombs" (se w'amabombe yose). Casohoye ibiturika bingana n'itoni 44 z'ibombe isanzwe - gica kiboneka ko ari co kibombe ca mbere kinini kw'isi atari ica nikleyeri. Kubera ingaruka yaco, n'ingene gituza umwansi yinyegeje mu mazu canke mu myobo, ibibombe vy'umwuka bikunze gukoreshwa cane cane mu bisagara. Iki ni ikintu gikomeye uravye ingene ibintu bimeze ku rubuga muri Ukraine, aho ingabo z'Uburusiya ziriko ziragerageza kwigarurira umugwa mukuru wa Ukraine, Kyiv, hamwe n'ibindi bisagara bikuru bikuru mu buseruko bw'igihugu. Oksana Markarova, aserukira Ukraine muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yagiriza Uburusiya ko bukoresha amabombe y'umwuka mu gitero cabwo kuri iki gihugu. Hagati aho, ibi ntibiremezwa ku mugaragaro. Mu misi iheze, hari amakuru yavuga ko habonetse inkoho zitera amaroketi y'umwuka muri Ukraine. Nta mategeko mpuzamakungu yihariye abuza ikoreshwa ry'ubu bwoko bw'ibirwanisho, ariko iyo igihugu kibikoresheje mu gutera ibibanza birimwo inyubakwa za gisivire nk'amashure canke ibitaro, gishobora kwagirizwa ivyaha vyo mu ntambara nk'uko bitegekanijwe n'amasezerano y'i La Haye/The Hague yo mu 1899 na 1907. Umushikirizamanza mukuru wa sentare mpuzamakungu mpanavyaha Karim Khan avuga ko sentare yiwe izokora amatohoza ku bishobora kuba ivyaha vyo mu ntambara muri Ukraine. Ibirwanisho vy'umwuka bishobora kuba vyatanguye gukoreshwa mu gihe c'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, aho vyakoreshejwe ubwa mbere n'igisirikare c'Ubudagi. Ntivyatejwe imbere cane imbere y'imyaka ya 1960, aho Amerika yabikoresha muri Vietnam. Amerika yarabikoresheje kandi mu 2001 mu kugerageza gusambura abarwanyi ba al-Qaeda bari binyegeje mu myobo yo mu misozi ya Tora Bora muri Afghanistan. Uburusiya bwarabikoresheje mu ntambara yabwo muri Chechnya mu 1999. Ibi birwanisho vy'umwuka vyahinguriwe mu Burusiya biravugwa kandi ko vyakoreshejwe mu ntambara yo mu gihugu ca Syria n'ubutegetsi bwa Bashar al-Assad.