headline: Habka doorashada Maraykanka ee ka duwan dunida oo dhan
text: Doorashada madaxtooyada ee dalka Maraykanka ayey ka hadhsanyihiin wax ka yar 100 maalmood. Laakiin waxa suurto gal ah musharaxa codadka ugu badan ka hela shacabku aanu noqon ka ku guulaysta madaxtinimada. Arintan ayaa sababteedu waxay tahay in madaxweynaha aanay toos u dooran codbixiyeyaashu, laakiin ay doortaan gudiyo la yidhaa Electoral College, oo ah guddiyo gobolladu leeyihiin oo ah gole codbixineed. Marka shacabka Maraykanku u dareeraan codbixintan doorashada madaxtinimada waxay codkooda siinayaan saraakiil ka tirsan golayeasha codbixineed. Erayga "gole" marka loo adeegsanayo doorashada Maraykanka waxa loola jeedaa koox masuuliyad wadareed saarantahay. Waana  dadkaas kuwa ay tahay shaqadooda in ay doortaan madaxweyne iyo madaxweyne ku xigeen. Maraykanka: Dacwad lagu oogay  "basaasiin" Shiine ah oo xaday cilmi-baadhis Covid-19 ah Shirweynaha xisbiga Trump ee Jamhuuriga oo aan warbaahintu ka qayb gali doonin Goleyaasha codbixineed waxay kulmaan afartii sannadood ba mar oo ah dhawr todobaad ka dib maalinta doorashadu dhacdo si ay u gutaan waajibkaa saaran. Tiradada xubnaha gole codbixineed ee gobol yeelanayaa waxay ku xidhantahay bedka iyo tirada dadka ku nool gobolkaa. Waxa jira 538 gole codbixineed oo dalku leeyahay. Gobolka California ayaa leh golaha ugu badan ee codbixineed oo ah 55, halka gobollo kale oo dhawr ah oo aan dadkoodu badnayni sida Wyoming, Alaska iyo North Dakota ay iyaga goleyaashoodu ka kooban yihiin saddex xubnood. Xubin kasta oo ka mid ah gole codbixineed waxay leedahay hal cod, markaa musharaxa ay tahay inuu ku kuulaysto madaxtinimadu waa inuu helaa aqlabiyada codadkaas oo ah 270 iyo dheeraad ah si uu madaxweyne u noqdo. Badanaa gobollada goleyaashooda codbixineed waxay codkooda siiyaan hadba musharaxa codadka ugu badan ka hela shacabka gobollada ay metelaan. Tusaale ahaan, hadii musharaxa Jamhuurigu ka helo 50.1% codadka shacabka gobolka Texas, wuxuu helayaa codadka golaha codbixineed ee gobolka oo ah 33 cod. Waxa jira laba gobol oo keliya (Maine iyo Nebraska) oo codadka goleyaashooda codbixineed lagu qaybiyo sida ay u kala heleen musharaxiintu codadka shacabka ee gobolladaas. Midowga Yurub oo diiday in looga soo dhoofo Maraykanka iyo Shiinaha Waana sababta ay musharaxiinta madaxweynenimadu ugu dedaalaan in ay kasbadaan gobolladaa codadka goleyaashooda codbixineed la kala jiidan karo, ee gobolkaa golehiisa codbixineed dhankii uu doono codka siin karo ee aanay xoogga u saarin in ay codad badan ka helaan dalka oo dhan. Gobol kasta oo uu ka helo musharaxu codadka gole codbixineedkiisu waxa ay ka dhigantahay in uu u sii dhaweynayo guusha uu ku heli karo 270 cod oo uu ka helo gole codbixineedyadas. Haa way dhici kartaa. Waa suurto gal in musharax ka helo shacabka codadka ugu badan guud ahaan dalka laakiin uu ku guul darraysto inuu helo codadka gobollada ee gole codbixineedyada si uu u helo 270 cod oo ka mid ah codadkooda. Run ahaantii, laba ka mid ah shantii doorasho ee ugu dambeeyey ayaa waxa madaxtinimada ku guulaystay musharax codad yar ka helay shacabka guud ahaan. Sannadkii 2016 Donald Trump codadka uu shacabka ka helay waxay ku dhawaad saddex milyan oo cod ka yaraayeen inta ay heshay Hillary Clinton, laakiin madaxtinimadii isagaa ku guulasystay sababtuna waxay ahayd inuu isagu helay aqlabiyada codadka goleyaasha codbixineed. Sannadkii 2000 ayaa Goerge W Bush wuxuu 271 cod ka helay goleyaasha codbixineed laakiin kumuu guulaysan aqlabiyada codadka shacabku toos u dhiibteen in kasta oo Al Gore, musharaxii Dimuqraadiga ee la tartamayey codadka uu shacabka ka helay ka badnaayeen nus malyuun intii Bush helay. Saddex madaxweyne oo keliya ayaa Maraykanka ku guulaystay madaxtinimada iyaga oo aan helin aqlabiyada codadka shacabka, dhamaantoodna waxay xilka hayeen qarnigii 19, waxaanay kala ahaayeen John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B Hayes iyo Benjamin Harrison. Markii dastuurka Maraykanka la qorayey 1787 waxaa suurto gal noqon weyday in cod dadweyne lagu doorto madaxweynaha. Sababtu waxay ahayd dalka oo aad u weynaa oo isgaadhsiintuna aad u adkayd. Isla waagaa waxa sidoo kale aan la isku wada raacsanayn in la aqbalo in madaxweynaha ay doortaan wakiillo shacabku soo doorteen oo magaalo madaxda Washington fadhiya. Markaas ayaa dadkii qorayey dastuurku waxay abuureen qaabkan gole codbixineed ka ah oo gobol waliba soo xulanayo xubihiisa. Gobolada yaryar ayaa hanaankani awood badan siiyey si ay go'aan ugu yeeshaan doorashada madaxweynaha maadaama oo gobollada kale ka dad badan yihiin. Hanaanka gole codbixineedyadu waxa kale oo uu awood siiyey gobollada koonfureed oo dadkii la adoonsan jiray bulshada ku dhaqan qayb weyn ka ahaayeen. In kasta oo aanay dadkii adoomaha ahaa cod lahayn, hadana waxa lagu daray tirintii tirakoobka lagu jaan goynayey bulshada gobolladaa ku nool oo qofka adoonka ah waxa lagu qiimeeyey waagaa inuu u dhigmo saddex daloolow dalool qofka xorta ah. [macnaheedu yahay in saddexdii qof ee adoomi ahi ay u dhigmaan hal qof oo xor ah]. Maadaama oo tirada golaha codbixineed ay ku xidhnayd bedka iyo tirada dadka gobolka ku nool, gobollada koonfureed waxay awood badan ku yeesheen doorashada madaxweynaha maadaama oo ay tiro badan oo goleyaal codbixineed ah yeesheen. Gobollada qaarkood xubnaha gole codbixineedyadu waxay u codayn karaan musharaxa ay doonaan iyaga oo aan tix gelinayn cidda shacabku codka ugu badan siiyeen. Laakiin xaqiiqadu waxa weeyi in xubnahaas ay had iyo goor u codeeyaan mushraxa ku guulaysta aqlabiyada codadka shacabka ee gobolkooda. Hadii xubin ka tirsan gole codbixineedka gobol codka siin waayo musharaxa hela codadka ugu badan ee gobolkooda waxa lagu sheegaa ''damiir laawe".  Sannadkii 2016 ayaa todoba xubnood oo gole codbixineed sidaa u codeeyeen laakiin natiijadii waxba kamay bedelin xubnahaa damiir laaweyaasha noqday. Golaha wakiilada, oo ah aqalka hoose ee golaha sharci dejinta Maraykanka ayaa markaas oo kale u codaynaya doorashada madaxweynaha. Arintani waxay dhacday mar keliya oo ahayd 1824 waagaas oo musharaxiinta midkoodna heli waayey cod aqbaliyad ah oo kuwa goleyaasha codbixineed ah. Maadaama se oo  laba xisbi oo qudha ay ku keliyeysteen hanaanka Maraykanka, suurto gal ma aha in ay haatan taas oo kale dhacdaa.