headline: Itegeko rya Sharia ni iki? Rivuze iki ku bagore bo muri Afghanistan?
text: Aba Taliban bavuga ko bazotwara Afghanistan hisunzwe ata guhesha ingingo z'amategeko  ya Islam zizwi nk'itegeko rya Sharia. Uwo mugwi washikiriye intsinzi umaze gufata umugwa mukuru Kabul, gutyo urangaza  imyaka hafi 20 y'uruhara rw'ingabo mpuzamakungu zari zirongowe na Amerika uri ico gihugu. Hariko haba iki muri Afghanistan? Mu kiganiro ca mbere n'abamenyeshamakuru inyuma yo gufata Kabul, umuvugizi w'aba Taliban yavuze ko ibibazo bimwe bimwe nk'ivyerekeye ibinyamakuru n'uburenganzira bw'abagore bizokwubahirizwa hisunzwe "itegeko rya Islam", ariko uwo mugwi nturasigura ico ivyo bizoba bivuze mu ngiro canke mu bikorwa. Uwatsinzindiye agashimwe k'amahoro ka Nobel Malala Yousafzai - yarashwe n'aba Taliban afise imyaka 15 ahorwa guharanira uburenganzira bw'abakobwa bwo kuja mu mashure muri Pakistan - yagabishije ko ingene aba Taliban batahura itegeko rya Sharia bishbora kuba akaga ku bakobwa n'abagore muri Afganistan. Yabwiye BBC ati: " Nararonse akaryo ko kuvugana na bamwe mu baharanira uburenganzira muri Afghanistan, barimwo abo mu mashirahamwe y'abagore, nabo barafise ayo makenga ko batazi ico ubuzima bwabo bugiye kuba." "Benshi baribuka ivyariko biraba mu 1996-2001, gutyo bakaba bafise amakenga menshi ku mutekano wabo, uburenganzira bwabo, ugukingirwa [no] gusubira kuja mu mashure." Igijhe aba Taliban baheruka ku butegetsi  abagore ntibari bemerewe gukora akazi canke kuja mw'ishure. Kuva ku myaka umunani, abakobwa bategerezwa kwambara burka, abagore nabo bakaba bari barekuriwe kuja ahabona  ari uko baherekejwe n'umuntu w'umugabo wo mu muryango. Abagore babirenzeko barakubitwa abantu barorera. Ministre w'Ubwongereza ajejwe intwaro yo hagati Madame Priti Patel, avuga ku migambi ya reta yo kwakira impunzi 20.000 z'abanya-Afghanistan mu Bwongereza, yavuze ko atizeye ukwizeza kwatanzwe [n'aba Taliban]. Yabwiye BBC ko uwo mugwi ufise kahise ko gukandamiza abagore, kandi ko "ivyo bitagiye guhinduka buno nyene". Itegeko rya Sharia n'indinganzizo y'amategeko ya Islam. Riva muri Koran, inyandiko shingiro ya Islam, hamwe na fatwa - imanza ziba zaciwe n'inzobere mu vyigwa vya Islam. Sharia ubundi risigura  "inzira igaragara, icamwo abantu benshi igana ku mazi". Itegeko rya Sharia rikora nk'igitabo c'ingingo zigenga ukubaho aba Islam bose bategerezwa kwisunga, harimwo amasengesho, kwisonzesha no gufasha abakene. Rigamije gufasha aba-Islam gutahura ingene bategerezwa kwigenza mu kintu icarico cose c'ubuzima bwabo hisunzwe ingene Imana ibishaka. Sharia rishobora guha insiguro icarico cose kijanye n'ubuzima bwa minsi yose  bw'umu-Islam. Nk'akarorero, nk'umu-Islam atazi neza ico yokora aronse ubutumire bw'abo bakorana kugira bajane mu kabare inyuma y'akazi  ashobora kuraba inzobere mu vyigwa vya Islam kugira amugire inama maze akore ibijanye n'amategeko y'idini ryabo. Ibindi bice vy'ubuzima bwa minsi yose aho aba-Islam bashobora kubaza inzobere ingene bovyifatamwo n'amategeko agenga umuryango, amafaranga hamwe n'imirimo y'ubugwizatunga. Sharia ishira ivyaha mu migwi mikuru mikuru ibiri: ivyaha vya ''hadd", biba ari ivyaha bikomeye cane bifise n'ibihano bizwi, hamwe n'ivyaja vya ''tazir'' aho igihano gishingwa n'umucamanza. Ivyaha vya ''hadd'' birimwo ukwiba, gushobora guhanishwa guca ikiganza c'uwagiriwe n'ico caha, hamwe n'ubusambanyi bw'abarenze ibigo, bushobora guhanishwa kwicishwa amabuye. Amwe mu mashirahamwe ya Islam avuga ko hari inzitizi  nyisnhi hamwe n'umurundo w'ivyemezo bikenerwa mw'ishirwa mu ngiro ry'ibihano vya hadd. Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU ryariyamirije kwicisha  amabuye, rivuga ko ari ''iyica rubuzo canke ubundi buryo bwo gufata canke guhana umuntu  bunyamaswa, ata buntu, butesha agaciro ko rero bubujijwe". Si ibihugu vyose vya Islam bishira mu ngiro  ivyo bihano vya hadd  kandi amatohoza amaze kwerekana ko  aba-Islam babona mu buryo butandukanye cane  ibijanye n'ibihano ruhasha. Apostasy, canke uguta ukwemera, n'ikibazo kitavugwako rumwe cane mu ba-Islam kandi abahinga bavuga ko inzobere nyinshi mu vyigwa vya Islam zivuga ko ico caha gihanishwa urupfu. Ariko hari umugwi muto w'incabwenge z'aba Islam cane cane abakorana n'ibihugu vya Buraya, bavuga ko ukuri kw'isi ya none gusigura ko ''igihano'' gikwiye kurekerwa Imana - kandi ko Islam ubwayo itageramiwe n'uguta ukwemera. Na Koroan ubwayo ivuga ko ''ata guhata'' mu bijanye n'idini. Nko ku yandi mategeko yose, Sharia rirazitanye kandi kurishira mu ngiro bihagarara ahanini ku bwiza n'ubumenyi bw'abahinga. Abanyamategeko b'aba-Islam batanga intumbero n'ingingo bashinze. Intumbero ifatwa nk'urubanza rwaciwe yitwa fatwa. Hari amashure atanu  atandukanye y'itegeko rya Sharia. Hari inyigisho zine za Sunni: Hanbali, Maliki, Shafi'i na Hanafi, hamwe rero n'inyigisho imwe ya Shia, yitwa  Shia Jaafari. Izo nyigisho zitanu zitandukanye ku buryo   zisobanura, ijambo ku rindi, inyandiko itegeko rya Sharia rikomokako.