headline: Abaganga b'abanyamahanga 'bavunishwa akazi' bafitiye impungenge abarwayi mu Bwongereza
text: Paul Kenyon & Anna Meisel File on 4 & Newsnight Abanganga barondewe bava mu bihugu bimwe bimwe bikenye cane kw’isi kugira baje gukora mu bitaro vyo mu Bwongereza  bavuga ko bakoreshwa vy’umurengera – kandi bakemeza ko bakoreshwa amasaha menshi cane ku buryo bafise ubwoba bwo gushira mu kaga amagara y’abarwayi. Amatohoza ya BBC yaronse ivyemeza ko abaganga baturuka muri Nigeria bahabwa akazi na kompanyi y’ubuvuzi yo mu Bwongereza aho baba bitezwe gukora mu bitaro vy’abigenga mu buryo butemewe mu gisata c’igihugu citaho amagara y’abantu, National Health Service, NHS. Ishirahamwe ry’abaganga mu Bwongereza (British Medical Association, BMA) rivuga ko ivyo bintu “bishegeshe” kandi ko ico gisata gitegerezwa gushirwa ku murongo w’ingene akazi gakorwa muri NHS. BBC yavuganye n’abaganga benshi – harimwo umuganga w’umunya-Nigeria akiri muto yakoze mu bitaro vy’abigenga mu bitaro vya  Nuffield Health Leeds mu 2021. Augustine Enekwechi avuga ko amasaha yiwe y’akazi yari menshi birengeje -izamu ry’amasaha 24 ku  munsi indwi yose ata munsi uciyemwo - kandi ko atashobora kuva mu kigo c’ibitaro. Avuga ko gukora aho hantu yumva ari nko kuba ari “mu munyororo”. Uburuhe bwari bwinshi cane, ku buryo avuga ko hari igihe yumva ubwoba ko adashora kurangura imirimo neza. Avuga ati : “Nari nzi ko gukora urushe  bituma abarwayi  bashobora kugira ivyago kandi ko nanje bishobora kunshira mu vyago, bigashobora no gukwega imanza. “Numva ntafise uko nogira …ataco nshoboye, urumva, umwitwarariko wa buri igihe no kuguma nibaza ko hari igishobora kwononekara.” Komanyi Nuffield Health irahakana ivy'ayo masaha y’umurengera, ikavuga ko abaganga bayo buri igihe bahabwa umwanya w’akaruhuko, iminsi yo kuruhuka hagati y’ibiringo vy’akazi, hamwe no gushobora kuguza ibiringo vy’akazi iyo bikenewe. Iyo kompanyi yongerako ko “amagara n’ukubaho neza kw’abarwayi n’abakozi b’ibitaro” arivyo bishirwa imbere. Augustine yarungitswe gukora mu bitaro Nuffield Health Leeds na kompanyi yigenga – NES Healthcare. Iyo kompanyi isanzwe ikoresh abaganga bava mu bindi bihugu, benshi baturuka muri Nigeria, bakabakoresha nk’abaganga bariko barimenyereza akazi ( Resident Medical Officers, RMOs)  – akenshi usanga mu bitaro vy’abigenga. Augustine avuga ko yari ashashaye cane kuronka ako kazi ku buryo atanaravye ibiri mu masezerano yiwe y’akazi. Mu vy’ukuri ayo masezerano yamukura mu mategeko asanzwe akingira abakozi bo mu Bwongereza ku masaha y’akazi y’umurengera -ico bita Working Time Directive – kandi agatuma asanga hari amahera menshi yokatwa ku mushashara nk’igihano. Augustine siwe wenyene, haba na gato. BMA n’ishirahamwe riza imbere mu kubavugira, Doctors’ Association,  yemereye ibiganiro File on 4 na Newsnight vya BBC kuraba ivyavuye mu nyishu zatanzwe n’abaganga b’aba RMOs 188 bakozweko amatohoza. Benshi mu baganga bakoreshwa na NES ariko hari bamwe bamwe bakoreshwa n’ibindi bigo. Vyagaragaye ko 92% muri abo baganga bari barondewe muri Afrika  kandi benshi -81% - bava muri Nigeria. Ubwiganze bwabo bidogera amasaha y’akazi y’umurengera hamwe no gukatwa amafaranga mu buryo babona ko baba barenganijwe. Haheze imyaka myinshi ishami rya ONU riraba amagara kw’isi (OMS) rigabishije ku kuronderera cane abaganga n’abaforoma  mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajambere aho abakizi bo kwa muganga basanzwe ari bake cane. OMS yakoze urutonde rw’ibihugu nk’ivyo 47- vyinshi muri ivyo bikaba biri muri Afrika. Reta y’Ubwongereza urwo rutonde yarushize mu  gitabo c’ivyo yisunga mu gukora- irwita “urutonde rutukura”. Ubu Nigeria reta y’Ubwongereza yayigize igihugu atari ico kuja kurondereramwo abakozi bo kwa muganga. None ubwa mbere ho abo baganga vyagenze gute ngo baje gukora mu Bwongereza? Twarashitse muri Nigeria turabona urundi ruhande rw’iyo nkuru. Mu  ntangaro nini yo gukoreramwo ibibazo i Lagos, igisagara ca mbere kinini muri ico gihugu, twasanze umurongo w’abanganga amajana batonze ngo bakore ikibazo citwa ico gusuzuma ubumenyi  bw’umwuga n’ururimi (Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board)  canke PLAB 1. Ico kibazo gitegurwa n’inama y’ubuganganga i Londres  (General Medical Council, GMC) kandi akaba ariyo ntambwe ya mbere isabwa n’abategetsi bajejwe ivy’amagara mu Bwongereza kugira umuntu aronke uruhusha rwo gukora akazi mu Bwongereza. Abanganga twavuganye bavuga ko bahurumbira imishahara yisumbuye n’uburyo bwo gukoreramwo bwiza kurusha. Ikoreshwa ry’ico kibazo ryari ricungerewe n’abakozi mu mu buserukizi bw’Ubwongereza (British Council)- bwegukira ubushikiranganji bw’Ubwongereza bujejwe imigenderanire. GMC iratanga ico kibazo kandi mu bindi bihugu vyinshi biri ku rutonde rutukura -Ghana, Sudan, Pakistan na Bangladesh. Yaba GMC yaba n’ubuserukizi bw’Ubwongereza birahakaba kuba bigira uruhara rweruye mw’ironderwa ry’abakozi  bikavuga ko vyo ico bikora ari ugufasha kurondera ibikenewe abaganga bashaka kuja mu Bwongereza ku giti cabo – ivyo navyo bikaba vyemewe n’ingingo ngenderwako. Ku bijanye na Augustine, yariko arigira igice ca kabiri c’ivyo bibazo vya PLAB mu Bwongereza, ari naho NES yamurondera hanyuma ikamwemerera kumufasha kuronka uruhusha rwo kuba mu Bwongereza  n’ugushobora kuronka akazi. Mu gihe ivyo bidasa no kurondera umukozi vyeruye -NES ivuga ko atavyo yakoze, kuko idasanzwe ari ikigo kirondera abakozi kandi,  uko biri, ivugana n’abaganga bava mu bihugu vyo hanze, baba basanzwe bariko barangurira umwuga mu Bwongereza. Ariko igisata c’amagara y’abantu no kwitaho imibereho y’abantu batubwiye ko igitabo cabo c’ingingo ngenderwako gikora no kuri NES, ko rero ico kigo caciye kubiri naco. Twavuganye n’abaganga benshi b’abanya-Afrika barondewe muri iyi nzira  na NES.  Bose bari bafise inkuru zisa ku bijanye n’ico amasezerano yabo y’akazi avuga mu vy’ukuri, iyo bamaze kurungikwa gukorera mu bitaro vy’abigenga mu Bwongereza. .  Muganga Femi Johnson yarungitswe mu bindi bitaro bitari ivyo Augustine yarungitswemwo, ariko nawe nyene avuga ko yategerezwa gukora amasaha ari hagati ya 14 na 16 ku munsi kandi agaca arara izamu. Avuga ati: “Narananirwa cane. Narakenera kuryama. Nta muntu ashobora gukora gutyo iminsi yose indwi yose.” Ariko, akeneye kuruhuka kuko yaba yarushe cane ku buryo adashobora kubandanya akora, NES yari ifise uburenganzira bwo kumukata amafaranga ku mushara wiwe. Iyo kompanyi ivuga ko ayo mafaranga ari ayo kurondera umuganga amusubirira, ariko Femi avuga ko bituma abaganga ba NES babura ayo bacira n’ayo bamira. “Mu bihe nk’ivyo, nama nca nivugana imbere muri jewe – ‘Femi ubwo uriko urigirira neza wewe ubwawe kandi uriko uragirira neza umuryayi?’ “Aho bibabarije, n’uko bitama binshobokera kuronka inyishu kuri ico kibazo.” Bamwe mu baganga ba NES bararonse ubufasha bwa Muganga Jenny Vaughan wo mw’ishirahamwe Doctors’ Association. Aronka imyidogo myinshi y’aba RMO kandi avuga ko urwego rwa reta rw’amagara y’abantu rufise ingingo ngenderwako zibiri zitandukanye -imwe y’abanga ba NHS, n’iyindi y’abavuye mu bindi bihugu bakorera ibigo vyigenga. Abaganga ba NHS bakoreshwa amasaha atarenga 48, canke naho babisavye, amasaha 72 ku ndwi. Dr Vaughan avuga ati: “Nta muganga wo muri NHS akoreshwa amajoro ane akurikirana kuko turazi vy’ukuri ko atari vyiza. “Ivyo  n’akazi kameze nk’ako abaja (abacakara) …amasaha y’umurengera, ibintu twagira ngo bimaze imyaka 30 bitakibaho. “Ntawovyemera ku mutekano w’abarwayi. Ntawovyemera ku baganga.” Ivyo twatoye twarabijanye muri BMA – no  ku cegera c’umukuru wayo, Emma Runswick. Yatubwiye ko ivyo bintu ari akamaramaza ku “buvuzi bw’Ubwongereza”. “Bagenzi bacu bavuye mu bindi bihugu baciye kure kugira bashike ngaha hanyuma basanga uburyo bakoreshwamwo atawokwibaza ko bwobayeho.” NES Healthcare yo yatubwiye ko “ingene  abaganga bavuga”  ku gukorana n’iyo kompanyi “ari vyiza cane”. Ivuga ko ifasha abaganga kuronka “inzira nziza yo kubandanya umwuga baba bahisemwo muri NHS  no mu gisata c’ubuvuzi mu Bwongereza muri rusangi, kandi ko igikorwa cabo ari “ngirakamaro cane ku bantu bo mu Bwongereza.”