headline: Igikombe c'isi 2022: Qatar ifashe gute abakozi ikoresha mu kwubaka ibibuga vy'umupira?
text: Ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'isi 2022 mu mupira w'amaguru ryiteze gutangura ku wa 21 z'ukwa cumi na rimwe muri Qatar, rizoba ari ryo rya mbere ribereye mu karere k'Uburasirazuba bwo hagati. Ni ihiganwa kandi rya mbere riteye impari nyinshi, aho hari ibibazo vyibazwa ku kungene iki gihugu co mu Kigobe gitunze cane cashoboye kuronka uburenganzira bwo gutegura iri higanwa, ingene gifata abakozi bubaka ibibuga, hanyuma kandi nimba kizoshobora kwakira abantu bari muri wa murwi w'abahuza ibitsina babisangiye, canke LGBT. Qatar iriko irubaka ibibuga indwi bizoberako izo nkino, ikibuga c'indege gishasha, igituro gishasha c'itereni/gari ya moshi hamwe n'amabarabara mashasha. Urukino rwa nyuma ruzobera mu kibuga kizokwakira izindi icenda, kikaba ari naco kiranga igisagara gishasha. Ariko iki gihugu kiranegurwa cane ku kungene gifata abakozi mvamahanga 30.000 bakora muri ibi bikorwa. Mu 2016, ishirahamwe riharanira agateka ka zina muntu Amnesty International ryaragirije Qatar ko ikoresha abantu ku nguvu. Ryavuze ko abakozi benshi bari babayeho nabi cane, ko ikoresha amafaranga menshi cane mu kurondera abakozi kandi ko itabahemba, mbere ikanabafatira ibitabo vyabo vy'inzira. Kuva mu 2017, reta yarashizeho amategeko akingira abakozi b'abimukira akazi ko mu bushuhe burenze urugero, kugabanya amasaha y'akazi, no guteza imbere imibereho yabo aho bakorera. Hagati aho, ishirahamwe Human Rights Watch riharanira agateka ka zina muntu mu cegeranyo caryo ca 2021 ryavuze ko abacangero mvamahanga bari bagihanzwe "n'ibihano vyo gukatwa imishahara biteye kubiri n'amategeko", mbere "bakamara amezi n'amezi badahembwa mu kazi kabo k'amasaha menshi katoroshe". Amnesty International ivuga kandi ko n'aho icitwa "kafala" cakuwe - ikintu kizibira abakozi mvamahanga kuva ku buzi bwabo abakoresha babo batavyemeye - abakozi baracaturubikwa. Umuvugizi wa reta yabwiye BBC ati: "Harabaye akarusho gakomeye mu bijanye no gushira mu ngiro izi mpinduka". Avuga ko igitigiri c'amakompanyi arenga amategeko "kizobandanya kigabanuka uko ingingo zizogenda zubahirizwa". Mu kwa kabiri 2021, ikinyamakuru Guardian cavuze ko abakozi mvamahanga 6.500 bava mu Buhindi, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh na Sri Lanka bari bamaze gupfira muri Qatar kuva itangajwe ko ironse uburenganzira bwo kwakira inkino z'igikombe c'isi yose. Izi mpfu zagiye gutangazwa n'abategetsi b'ibihugu bitanu vya Aziya, ntivyerekana ko zabaye kubera akazi canke aho bakorera. Ariko ishirahamwe riharanira agateka k'abakozi FairSquare ryavuze ko abenshi muri abo bapfuye basa n'uko bari abakozi bo muri ico gisata co gutegura ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'isi. Reta ya Qatar ivuga ko hari indenzarugero mu biharuro bitangwa, kubera harimwo n'ibihumbi vy'abanyamahanga bapfuye bamaze imyaka myinshi baba kandi bakora muri ico gihugu. Ivuga ko benshi bashobora kuba bahoze bakora ubuzi butari muri iki gisata c'ubwubatsi. Qatar ivuga ko hagati ya 2014 na 2020, habaye abantu 37 bakora muri ibi bibuga vy'igikombe c'isi bapfuye. Ivuga ko 34 muri bo batahitanywe "n'akazi bakora". Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry'akazi BIT/ILO rivuga ko Qatar itaharuye abakozi bapfuye giturumbuka no mu buryo butari bwitezwe. Rivuga ko muri aba hari abahitanywe n'indwara z'umutima n'iz'ihumekero zitewe n'ubushuhe, aba bagaharurwa ko "bahitanywe n'urw'akarago" kandi ko ata sano rihari n'akazi bakora. BIT yaregeranije ibitigiri vyayo vy'abapfuye ikuye mu bitaro vya reta hamwe no mu mashirahamwe akoresha za rusehabaniha muri Qatar, ibi bigo vyose bikaba vyakira abantu bose bahitanywe n'ibikorwa bifitaniye isano n'ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'isi. Ivuga ko abakozi 50 bapfuye abarenga 500 nabo barakomereka cane muri Qatar mu 2021 honyene, abandi 37.600 nabo barakomereka bukebuke. Aba bantu bapfuye abandi bagakomereka cane cane bakorotse bava hejuru, abandi bagwa mu masanganya y'imodoka abandi nabo bakaba baguweko n'ibintu. Qatar ni heza ku bantu bahuza ibitsina babisangiye (LGBT )? Qatar ni igihugu ca Islam kigendera ku mico ya kera kandi guhuza ibitsina hagati y'ababisangiye biteye kubiri n'amategeko. Amashirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bw'aba LGBT asaba ishirahamwe rijejwe umupira w'amakuru kw'isi, FIFA, hamwe n'abajejwe gutegura iri higanwa muri Qatar, gukora impinduka imbere y'uko iri higanwa ritangura. Muri izi mpinduka harimwo kubahumuriza kandi bakizezwa ko umutekano wabo utazohungabana, kugira ngo baronke uburenganzira bwo kwinjira muri Qatar, kandi ntihabe ivyo gukurikirana abavugana ibijanye n'abahuza ibitsina babisangiye. Abajejwe gutegura iri higanwa ry'igikombe c'isi muri Qatar baherutse kuvuga ko abantu bose bahawe ikaze, ariko "ivyo kwiyerekana ku mugaragaro ku bahuza ibitsina babisangiye canke ku babihuza batabisangiye, ntibiri mu mico n'imigenzo yacu". Qatar 2022 yatanguye guteza impari kuva bitangajwe na FIFA, mu 2010. Nk'igihugu gito cane (n'aho gitunze cane) ariko ata kahise k'urukino rw'umupira w'amaguru gifise, kandi itari bwigere ironka itike yo kwinjira mu nkino za nyuma z'ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'isi, wabaye umubabaro kuri benshi igihe Qatar itsinda ibihugu vyariko bihiganwa nayo ari vyo Amerika, Australia, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani. Iyi ngingo yatumye haduka ibirego ko abategetsi ba FIFA  bahawe igiturire kugira ngo bemerere Qatar gutegura ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'isi, n'aho amatohoza y'umurwi w'abigenga washizweho na FIFA ata vyemezo bikomeye vyo gushigikira ibi  birego. Qatar iriyamiriza ivyo yagirizwa ko yaguze amajwi y'intumwa zatora, ariko amatohoza y'ibiturire akorwa n'abategetsi b'Ubufasransa arabandanya, ni mu gihe mu 2020 Amerika yagirije abategetsi babatu ba FIFA ko bahawe amafaranga. Mu bisanzwe ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'umupira w'amaguru riba mu kwa gatandatu gushika mu kw'indwi, ariko muri Qatar ubushuhe muri iki kiringo c'umwaba buba bugera kuri degre 41 mbere bugashobora no kugera kuri 50 - ubushuhe bwinshi ku buryo ata muntu yosohoka, tureke rero gukina umupira iminota n'imiburiburi 90. Mu gihe yariko iraharanira ubu burenganzira, Qatar yaremeye gushiraho ubuhinga bwo gukanyisha buzotuma ibibuga bihabwa akayaga, haba mu gice abakinyi bakiniramwo canke mu ruhande rw'abarorerezi. Hagati aho, mu 2015, FIFA  yafashe ingingo yo gutegura iri higanwa mu gihe c'ubukonje. Ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'umupira w'amaguru kw'isi rizotangura ku wa 21 Munyonyo (11), urukino rwa nyuma rukaba ruzokinwa ku wa 18 Kigarama (12). Ibi bisigura ko iri higanwa rizoba mu gihe umwaka w'amahiganwa y'imirwi mu bihugu vyinshi uzoba ugeze hagati kandi rikazotuma aya mahiganwa atoroherwa. Ihiganwa ry'Ubwongereza Premier League, nk'akarorero, ntirizobona inkino zizokinwa hagati y'itariki 13 Munyonyo na 26 Kigarama. Kugira ngo bashobore kugarura umwanya uzotakara, umwaka w'inkino wa 2022/2023 uzotangura indwi imwe imbere y'aho wategerezwa gutangurira hanyuma uzorenzeko indwi imwe mu mpera zawo.