headline: Abayabaga bari barihebuye ko batazokwigera basubira gutambuka
text: Na Naomi Grimley Umunyamakuru mu gisata c'amagara, Dakar Mu gihe Afrika yagize inama ya mbere ku bugaru (ibirenge by’indosho) -ubumuga buvukana umwe ku bantu 800 kw’isi – BBC yagendeye ibitaro vyo muri Senegal kuraba aho  ukuvura ubwo bumuga bihindura ubuzima. Mu minsi iheze, Serigne w‘imyaka 14 ntiyubahuka kuva mu nzu. Yarashobora gutambuka buke buke atanyaruka, ariko – kubera yavukanye ibirenge vyompi biraba inyuma – vyaramutera isoni cane. Bamwe baratwenga ingene atambuka, abandi bakamutinya bagatangura no kumwita amatazirano. Ariko ubu inyuma y’amezi atandatu, ibirenge vyiwe vyarahindutse, ubu indoto ziwe zo gukinira Senegal umupira w’amaguru zisa n’izishoboka. Serigne  afise ubugaru, ubu akaba ari mu rugendo rwo kubukosora. Buri mwaka, abana 200,000 baravukana ubugaru. Ku bw’ishirahamwe ry’abagiraneza MiracleFeet, ku bantu miriyoni 10 bakiriho bavukanye ubugaru,  abashika miriyoni 8 ntibigeze baronka amahirwe y’uko bukosorwa. Senegal iri mu bihugu bitanguye gukoresha vuba Ponseti – ubuhinga  bwo gukosora ubugaru bwiswe gutyo  hafatiwe kw’izina ry’umuganga w’umu-Espagnol yabutoye – ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu. Malawi na Uganda, nk’akarorero, biri mu bihugu vyatanze na bimwe bimwe vy’i Buraya kwemera ko ubwo buhinga bushobora gufasha. Ariko abanganga b’abanya-Senegal ubwo buhinga barabunonosoye gusumba uko bwari mu ntango, ubu bakaba babukoresha mu gukosora ubugaru ku bana b’imiyabaga mbere n’abakuze bari bazi ko bamaze kurenza imyaka yo gukosorwa. Nyina wa Serigne aranezerewe cane n’ingene umuhungu wiwe ariko aratera imbere. Nta muntu amurusha kumenya  umubabaro n’ububabare biterwa n’ubwo bumuga. “Umunsi umwe yarigeze kwanka kuva i muhira iminsi itatu.  Vyarambabaje cane ku mutima. Ariko ubu turanezerewe.” Hakoreshejwe ubwo buhinga, buri indwi, umuntu baramushirako isima kugira ihindukize buke buke ikirenge gitumbere neza. Ariko kubera we ubugaru bwiwe bwari bukaze cane, yashizweko isima incuro 20 mu mayinga nk’ayo nyene, ariko ubundi muri rusangi ni hagati ya gatanu n’umunani. Nk’uko bigenda kenshi iyo gukosora biri hafi kurangira, biba ngombwa ko abagwa kugira babohore “Tendon d’Achilles” [Ikigango) yiwe ariko ubundi ubwo buhinga ntibusaba kubagwa. Iciza gusumba, burazimbutse, ntiburinda gukoreshwa n’abaganga karuhariwe, kandi bukora neza cane – 90 % y’abana bakosowe imbere y’uko barenza imyaka ibiri bagira ikirenge gikora neza, mu gihe kubagwa bishobora kuzana izindi ngorane. Ubudasa buratangaje cane iyo uravye  amasanamu ya video ya Serigne imbere y’uko atangura gukosorwa. Mu minsi iheze, Serigne yarashizweko isima ya nyuma. Inyuma y’aho, azokenera kugirishwa ibikorwa ngoraramubiri kugira afashwe kumenyera guhagarara ku maguru yiwe Kandi mu minsi ya mbere azokwambara urwego  ku maguru kugira agumize ibirenge uruhande rumwe, ariko kazoza kiwe kerekeza heza. Fatou, uwundi mwana ariko aravurwa muri ivyo bitaro vya Dakar, yakoze urugendo rwa 400km kugira nawe akosorerwe ikirenge ciwe  c’i buryo. Ubu ageze ku myaka 13 ariko umuforoma mukuru, Nicanor Manga, aramwizeza ko  ikirenge ciwe kizokosorwa mu nyuma agatambuka neza.  Fatou avuga ko kubera aba kure cane, ntiyigeze yishiramwo ko ikirenge ciwe cokosowe. Kuba bizofata umwanya avyakira neza. Kuja kw’ishure ntivyoroshe – kubona abandi bana bari kumwe basimbasimba -mu gihe Fatou nawe yaba agendera ku bibando (bequilles). “Ivyo nifuza vyose, nta na kimwe nashobora. Ariko ni nakira, nzoshobora gukora ivyo nshaka.” Aho harimwo gukora kugira ashike ku ndoto yiwe yo kuba umuganga. Ariko si bose bagira amahirwe. Fata nka Oumou Barry w’imyaka 32, nk’akarorero. Igihe twamugendera muri Lac Rose, akarere ko mu nkengera y’umurwa mukuru wa Senegal, Dakar, yatweretse ikirenge ciwe gihetamye kandi kimeze nk’ikigaramye. Agendera ku ruhande rw’ikirenge kandi ububabare butuma adashobora gushika kure. Ubuzima bwiwe bwarabaye iciro ry’umugani kubera ubugaru, ariko aravuga ubwana bwiwe amasozi amutanga hasi. “Nahora mbaza mama igituma meze gutyo? Akanyishura ati: ‘Niko Imana yabishatse’ hanyuma uvuka gutyo.’” Oumou yaciye  mu bituma n’abandi benshi muri Senegal  bihebura ntibarondere ubuvuzi. Yavuze ko igihe ciwe camugoye cane ari igihe yari imyaka y’ubuyabaga, igihe abagenzi biwe batangura kwambara ibirato birebire, nawe agategerezwa kwama yambaye isandare gusa. Amaherero, yaruhiye guheba ishure- kuko ntiyaragishoboye kwihanganira kwama ariko araterwa amajambo. Yahavuye anaheba icigwa co kubarira kuko yasanzwe guhonyora ipedali y’imashini (icarahani) bibabaza cane. Oumou  afise umugabo n’abana babiri, ubuzima bwiwe si nyamwigendako nk’uko hari abaciye baharirwa ivomo kubera ubugaru, ariko n’ubu arumva ko abuze vyinshi kubera ubwo bumuga bugaragara butuma adashibora gukora akazi. Arira yagize ati: “Nta kintu gifadika mfise”. Aho bibabarije, kubera imyaka afise kandi  akaba yarabazwe ntivyagenda neza, Oumou ntashobora gukosorwa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa Ponseti. Abakuze barashobora gukosorwa neza na Ponseti, ariko biragira cane gusumba kuko ibirenge vyabo bitaba bicoroshe cane Kenshi, ibituma umuntu avukana ubugaru ntibitahurwa neza, n’ubwo abahungu bafise ivyago biruta incuro zibiri ivy’abakobwa vyo kubuvukana. Benshi mu babuvukana kw’isi bari mu bihugu bikenye n’ibifise amikoro abayabaye, kubera urugero runini rw’abavuka, kandi mu bihugu bikenye ni ho akenshi ubwo bumuga budakosorwa. Umwe mu bagore yiyemeje guhebera ubuzima bwiwe gufasha kugira ntihagire abantu benshi  bakurana ubugaru ni  Aisha Mballo. Twahuriye w’isoko ryo mu gisagara ca Thies. Agendana igitabo kinini kirimwo amafoto. Ico gitabo gisigura ico arico ubugaru n’ingene ubuhinga bwa Ponseti bushobora kubukosora. Yaje ngaha kurondera aboba bafise ubugaru ubundi bashobora kuba ngaho bagakura atawubitayeho. Aisha avuga ko na we nyene ibirenge vyiwe bwari ubugaru gushika aho, mu myaka ya 1990 ari um myaka yiwe y’ubuyabaga, yarungikwa muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kubagwa. Ubu n’umukorerabushake  aserukira ishirahamwe ry’abagiraneza MiracleFeet, rihimiriza gupima, kuraba hakiri kare umwana ko atavukanye ubugaru. “Abantu bemeye ko umwana afise ubugaru hanyuma bakareka kumunyegeza, turashobora kubajana mu bitaro bagakosorwa.” Rosalind Owen wa Global Clubfoot Initiative, yize ibijanye n’ingene ubugaru bubonwa muri Afrika, avuga ko mu mico ya kera hari ingorane zikomeye nyinshi  zo kwigizayo uwufise  ubugaru”. Abantu bibaza ko wavumwe, canke ko warozwe, canke ko abavyeyi bawe hari ikintu kibi bakoze.” Aho harimwo kuvuga ko nyoko wawe yarenze ibigo kw’ico rero ari igihano. N’ubu abadashika 20% y’abafise ubugaru ni bo bakosorwa bakivuka muri Senegal , bivuze ko hakiri vyinshi vyo gukorwa. Imbere y’uko tuva Thies,  twaciye mu bindi bitaro kuraba uruyoya rw’umukobwa rw’indwi zibiri rwariko rurashirwako isima. Abaganga n’abaforoma bariko barabohera ama pansuma ku tuguru twiwe hanyuma bashirako isima itose hejuru. Iki nico gihe ciza co gukosora ubugaru. Mu cumba co kurindiriramwo, umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka ibiri, ariko aratera igikarato cavuyemwo umutobe (jus/juice). Hari n'aho azohava avamwo umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru. Ntashingura neza -  kuko ikirenge kimwe kiracari ubugaru – ariko nibura ariko arakosorwa.