headline: Omicron: Icigwa twokura ku biriko birashikira South Africa
text: Afrika y'Epfo ni ho ubwo bwoko bushasha bwa Omicron bwatowe ubwa mbere, ibitigiri vy'abandura muri ico gihugu bikaba vyaciye biduga cane. Ivyo biratanguye no kugenda gutyo mu bindi bihugu, kandi  ishami rya ONU riraba amagara y'abantu kw'isi OMS/WHO rivuga ko "buriko burakwirakwira  ku rugero tutari bwigere tubona ku bundi bwoko bwari bumaze kuboneka". Ibindi twokwigira ku biriko birashikira Afrika y'Epfo ni ibihe? Amakuru y'abinjira ibitaro kubera Covid muri Afrika y'Epfo yerekana ko baguma baba benshi cane mu ntara zose. Ariko ntibiyongera ku murindi munini cane nk'uko umuntu yovyiteze uravye abandura ingene bangana. Bake mu bafashwe ni bo bakenera umwuka wo guhumeka wa oxygene, kandi mu bitaro bahamara umwanya muto gusumba. Discovery Health, kimwe mu bigo bikomeye vy'ubuvuzi ngaho, caharuye ko abantu bakuze banduye Omicron igitangura kumenyekana bashobora kutaja mu bitaro ku rugero rwa 30% kurusha abari banduye mu gihe c'umupfunda wa mbere muri Afrika y'Epfo. Ariko, abahinga bakomeye b'aho muri Afrika y'Epfo bavuga ko ivyo bidasigura ko ubwo bwoko bwa coronavirus bworoshe gusumba ubundi. Ubudasa n'iyindi mipfunda yari imaze kuba n'urugero rw'abamaze kwicandagisha hamwe n'ubudahangarwa kama bw'umubiri  mu bantu. N'ubwo kuba waratewe incanco zibiri canke kuba warigeze kwandura bisa n'ibitabuza abantu kwandura Omicron,  ariko biboneka ko bisa n'ibikingira abantu kurwara bakaremba. Dr Vicky Baillie, umuhinga mukuru mu bitaro vya Chris Hani Baragwanath i Johannesburg, avuga ko urugero ruri hasi rw'abakenera kwinjizwa ibitaro bishobora kuba biterwa n'uko abantu bafise ubudahangarwa bwiyongeye gusumba. Avuga ati: "Nta cerekana ko ubwo bwoko butababaza kurusha ubundi." OMS igabisha ko ibiharuro vyerekana ko ubwo bwoko bushobora kuba bworoshe gusumba bishobora kutaba vyerekana ukuri kwose kuko ibitigiri vy'abaja mu bitaro ari bito, kandi benshi mu baja mu bitaro bafise munsi y'imyaka 40 - ni ukuvuga abafise ivyago bike vyo kurwara bakaremba. Bashobora kuba bari mu bitaro ku zindi mvo - ariko ibitaro vyo muri Afrika y'Epfo bipima uwari we wese ari mu bitaro, gutyo hagaca hajamwo benshi bataremvye. Bishobora guterwa kandi n'uko abarenza imyaka 60 muri Afrika y'Epfo bashora kuba barusha abandi  muri rusangi kuba baricandagishije, gutyo bakaba barikingiye kuremba iyo bishitse bakarwara. Kandi Afrika y'Epfo igizwe n'abantu bakiri bato, ku rugero rwo hagati na hagati rw'imyaka 27,6 ugereranije na 40,4 mu Bwongereza nk'akarorero - bisigura ko ingene Omicron iriko irigenza muri ico gihugu bishobora kutaba co kimwe no mu bihugu bifise abantu bashaje gusumba. Amakuru ava mu bitaro vyo mu turere turangwamwo Omicron nyinshi kuruta ahandi muri Afrika y'Epfo - harimwo intara ya Gauteng - yerekana ukwiyongera kw'abana binjizwa ibitaro. Hari abavuze ko ibi biteye impungene cane, kuko bishobora kuba vyerekana ko ubwo bwoko bushobora kubangamira cane ku  bakiri bato. Ariko ivyo bifatiye ku bitigiri vy'abantu bake cane, co kimwe no ku bakuze, biragoye gutandukanya abana bagiye mu bitaro kubera Covid, n'ababa batowe ko banduye uwo mugera ariko bari bajanywe mu bitaro ku zindi mvo, nk'uko bivugwa na Helen Rees wo kuri kaminuza ya  Witwatersrand i Johannesburg. Dr Baillie yabwiye BBC ko ibitaro vyiwe vyakiriye ibitigiri bito vy'abana bari bashizwe mu bitaro  barwaye  cane kubera Covid ariko ko baciye bakira mu kiringo c'iminsi ibiri canke itatu. Avuga kandi ko ayo makuru ava mu karere aho abana benshi basanzwe babayeho mu bukene, bashobora kuba batarya bikwiye gutyo bakaba bogira ivyago vyo gukarirwa n'uwo mugera kurusha abandi muri rusangi. Urugero rw'abana bajanwa mu bitaro  kubera Covid muri Gauteng n'aho ruguma rugabanuka, rwavuye kuri 14% mu ndwi  ya mbere ruja ku 8% mu ndwi ya gatatu. Ugereranije, Afrika y'Epfo ntifise urugero runini rw'abamaze gucandagwa, 26% vy'abanyagihugu bayo ni bo bamaze kuronka incanco zose,  vyumvikana ko ibiriko biraba muri ico gihugu bitogereranywa n'ivyoshika mu gihugu aho abantu benshi gusumba bacandazwe. Ariko  muri ico gihuugu abantu basanzwe bafise urugero ruri hejuru rw'ubudahangarwa kama. Dr Muge Cevik, wo kuri kaminuza ya St Andrews, avuga ko ivyago vyo kwanduza abandi bigabanurwa cane n'ugucandagwa kuko abantu baheza bakarwara igihe kigufi gusumba kandi bagakira vuba, gutyo igihe c'uko umugera ushobora gukwirakwira kigaca kiba kigufi. Ariko biraboneka ko ubu bwoko bukiriko burihuta gukwirakwira - no mu  bihugu aho abantu bacandazwe cane. N'incanco nke zishobora kubuza burundu kwandura, ariko iyo hageze kubuza ko umuntu aremba iyo arwaye, biramaze kugaragara ko urucanco ako kazi rugashoboye no kuri ubwo bwoko bwihindaguye. Ikitaramenyekana ni ku rugero rungana gute. Ivyigwa vya mbere muri Afrika y'Epfo vyerekana ko urucanco rwa Pfizer rutuma umuntu adakenera kuja mu bitaro gushika ku rugero rwa 70%  amezi menshi yaramaze guterwa incanco zibiri, urwo rugero rukaduga gushika ku 90% iyo waronse urucanco rugira gatatu rwo gushimangira ubudahangarwa. Ariko Afrika y'Epfo yarakoresheje izindi ncanco, benshi bakaba baronse urwa Johnson & Johnson, gutyo rero haracakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi bwo kumenya akamaro k'incanco zitandukanye ku mirwi itandukanye 'abantu.