headline: Menya umushakashatsi Mireille Kamariza, yatoye DMN-Tre.
text: Mireille Kamariza ni umushakashatsi muri kaminuza ya Harvard muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yatoye ubuhinga bworoshe kandi bunyaruka mu gupima ingwara y'igituntu. Yanonosoye ubumenyi mu bijanye n'ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwa doctorat muri kaminuza ya Standford. Akwirikirana cane cane ingwara zandukira, zirimwo malariya, igituntu, na SIDA. Muri kino gihe yongeyeko na coronavirus. Impamvu, Mireille Kamariza yabonye ko ari ingwara muri kazoza nayo nyene izoba ibangamiye ibihugu bikene gusumba ibindi. Yamenyekanye cane kuva mu mwaka wa 2018 aho amariye gutora uburyo bwo gupima igituntu akoresheje umwanya muto n'ibikoresho biciririkiye, bufatiye kw'irangi rya DMN-Tre. Bwabaye ubwa mbere, haboneka uburyo bwo gupima igituntu mu minota itarenga 15, hifashishijwe irangi uyu mushakashatsi yakoreye muri 'laboratoire' ya kaminuza ya Standaford muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu 2018. Aho ni mu gihe uwukekwa ko akirwaye yahora arindirira indwi zitatu mu kuronka inyishu y'ibipimo vyo kwa muganga. Uburyo Doctor Mireille Kamariza yatoye bwo gusuzuma ingwara y'igituntu -DMN-Tre (4-N,N-Dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide conjugate of trehalose), buhagaze ku guha ibara ridasanzwe imigera itera iyo ingwara y'igituntu (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), rituma yigaragaza bitagoranye muri rugagamisha (Microscope). Ni uburyo bushobora gutanga inyishu mu minota igera kuri icumi n'itanu, kandi iryo rangi rishobora kubikwa  ku  rugero rusanzwe rw'ubushuhe. Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa bwo kuvura igituntu, busaba kubanza gutegura igikororwa umurwayi aba yatanze, mu ntambwe zigera kuri 11, kikamara iminsi 21 muri 'laboratoire' kugirango bashobore gusuzuma ko hari imigera y'igituntu (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) yoba irimwo. Ubu buryo bwa Mireille Kamariza, burorosha kumenya nimba igituntu kigaragaye ku murwayi ari ikigatu (kitumva imiti isanzwe), canke gisanzwe. Ikindi kandi ngo bushobora gufasha kumenya nimba umurwayi ari ku miti iriko iramufasha, ko acandukiza canke atacandukiza. Ibi kandi ngo ntivyari vyoroshe gusuzuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwari buhasanzwe bwo gupima iyo ngwara, nk'uko abashakashatsi bashigikiye ikoreshwa rya DMN-Tre babivuga. Ku bijanye n'igihe yibaza ubu buryo bworoshe bwo gupima igituntu buzoshikirira ibihugu bibukeneye nk'Uburundi, Dr Mireille Kamariza nta gihe atanga, ariko ngo ariko akora uko ashoboye n'ubwo ubu amaso yose yahindukiriye ikiza ca coronavirus. Uyu mushashatsi yimukiye muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika akiri umwana muto, ntiyibagiye ibibazo yabonye mu Burundi, igihugu ciwe c'amavuko. Avuga ko igituntu catwaye abantu yari azi, harimwo n'incuti, kandi ari ingwara ishobora kuvugwa igakira. Igituntu n'ingwara yandukira cane n'ubwo ishobora kwirindwa canke gukira iyo ivuwe. Ishirahamwe rijejwe amagara y'abantu kw'isi rimenyesha ko iyo ngwara ifata abantu bagera ku miriyoni icumi buri mwaka, muri abo igahitana umuriyoni n'igice. Aho ni mu gihe abagera ku ca kane ( 25%) c'abatuye isi baba bahuye n'uwo mugera, ariko 5-15% akaba aribo bawugaragaza nk'ingwara. Dr Mireille Kamariza avuga ko ubushakashatsi bwiwe yabuhebeye ingwara zifata cane cane abo mu bihugu bikene, izo ahandi basigaye bita 'ingwara za kahise'. Uretse ingwara y'igituntu, yitaho n'ubushakashatsi ku ngwara za Malariya na SIDA. Hejuru y'izi ngwara, yamaze kwongera mu bushakashatsi bwiwe, ingwara ya Covid-19. Agira ati: "Mu gihe bigaragara ko ibihugu bitunze biriko biratera intambwe mu kurwanya ikiza ca coronavirus mu gukwiragiza incanco mu banyagihugu bavyo, muri Afirika n'ibindi bihugu bikenye biraboneka ko bitazokworoha kuronka uburyo bwo kuyirwanya. "Nta nkeka ko muri kazoza na Coronavirus izosigara ari ikibazo muri ivyo bihugu cane cane." Intego ya Dr Mireille Kamariza, ni ukuronkera inyishu ibibazo birangwa mu gice c'abatuye isi kititaweho n'abandi bashakashatsi bakomakomeye. Ngo kuva akiri muto, yamye afise umwete n'ubwira vyo kubaza ibibazo no kubironderera inyishu, n'ubwo kuri bimwe bamubwira ko atazihari. Agira ati: "Naraba hejuru, nabona inyenyeri nkabaza abavyeyi igituma zitonze ukwo, bati nta nyishu zihari, nanje nti kabuki… reka tuzirondere?" Inyuma yo gutora irangi rya DMN-Tre rifasha gupima igituntu bitagoranye, Dr Kamariza yashinze ishirahamwe 'Olilux Biosciences Inc', yifatanije na Dr Carolyn Bertozzi yamubereye nk'umuhetsi (mentor) muri ubu bushakashatsi muri kaminuza ya Stanford. Intumbero ya Olilux Biosciences Inc, n'ukumenyekanisha ubu buryo bushasha bwo gupima igituntu hakoreshejwe irangi rya DMN-Tre, aba bahinga babona buzimbutse, bunyaruka, bushobora gukoreshwa aho ariho hose kw'isi no mu bice vya kure y'imiji n'ibisagara, bifise uburyo buciririkiye cane. Ikoreshwa ry'ubu buryo ngo rishobora kugabanya cane impfu ziturutse ku ngwara y'igituntu, ifatwa nk'iya mbere kw'isi ihitana abantu benshi mu ngwara zandukira, kuko bufasha abaganga gushoka bafata ingingo yo gushira umurwayi ku miti ubwo nyene mu gihe basanze yaranduye. Uyu mushakashatsi amaze gukorana n'umugambi ushigikiwe n'umurwizatunga Bill Gates mukurwanya iyo ngwara y'igituntu. Ku ntambwe amaze kugerako, avuga ko yatewe intege n'abavyeyi, abigisha, incuti n'abagenzi bamubonamwo impano idasanzwe y'umwete n'ubwenge bwo kurondera inyishu z'ibibazo. Ariko rero intambamyi ngo ntizibuze, ahanini akavuga ko zishingiye k'uko abantu bamufata, iyo babonye ivyo akora n'uwo ari. Gufata ko umuntu hari ivyo atoshobora kubera ico ari, ngo bituma benshi bataniyemera, ngo bashobore gukwirikira indoto zabo. Ni ibintu avuga ko atahura kuko nawe yabishiciyemwo, ariko agasaba abakiri bato kudateshwa intege n'ivyo abandi babibazako. Ati: "Kenshi iyo bantumiye kuvuga ijambo, baba biteze umugabo akuze w'umuzungu". Ku bwiwe ngo igikenewe n'umwete wo gukora ubushakashatsi, ntibisaba igitsina, ibara ry'uruhu canke ibindi vyose biranga abantu mu butandukane bwabo. Icifuzo ca Mireille Kamariza ngo ni ukubona abakiri bato bari inyuma yiwe baronka uburyo bwo kwiga bagashika kure. Ikimuraje ishinga ni ukubona abana b'Abarundi  bifuza kunonosora ubushakashatsi batabishobora kiretse barinze kuja mu mahanga.