headline: Germany: uyu musi ni amatora yo kurangiza imyaka 16 y’ubutegetsi bwa Angela Merkel
text: Ubutegetsi bwari bumaze imyaka 16 yose bugiye kurangira mu Budagi. Abadagi bari mu matora y'inama nshingamateka mu rugamba rutoroshe rwo kurondera umusubirizi w'umushikiranganji wa mbere yari amaze igihe kinini ku butegetsi. Kuri uyu wa Mungu, igenekerezo rya 26 z'ukw'icenda, Abadagi bari mu matora arangiza ubutegetsi bwa reta yari irongowe na Angela Merkel. Amatora yatanguye isaha zibiri z'igitondo (8:00) bikaba vyitezwe ko arangira isaha icumi na zibiri z'umugoroba (18:00). Hari vyinshi biteye inkeke ku vyerekeye ibizova mu matora,  ariko ikizwi coco ni kimwe: uwuzotsinda amatora uwo ari we wese, ni ngombwa ko ashinga reta ihuriwemwo na bose. Vyitezwe ko imigambwe ishika itatu ari yo ishobora kuronka ibibanza bikwiye mu nama nshingamateka y'Ubudagi, izwi nka Bundestag, ari nayo ishobora kuzotora umushikiranganji wa mbere mushasha (chancelier/chancellor). Dutahuzanye mu majambo make kandi aciriye hagufi ingene amatora agenda mu Budagi n'ingene bigenda gushika hashingwe reta nshasha. Abadagi baja mu matora kugira ngo batore abashingamateka mu nama nshingamateka y'igihugu, Bundestag. N'aho kuri uyu musi buri muntu yitaba ku biro vy'itora kugira ngo atange ijwi ryiwe, itora hakoreshejwe amabahasha riza ryaramaze gutangura. Abadagi bashika imiriyoni 60.4 bakwije imyaka 18 ni bo bashobora gutora. Bundestag igizwe n'imiburiburi n'abashingamateka 598, ariko akenshi bararenga. N'aho mw'ijoro ry'uyu musi umugambwe uzotahukana intsinzi uza kumenyekana, gushinga reta nshasha bizofata umwanya utari muto kuko bisaba ko umugambwe watsinze amatora uzobanza kurondera iyindi migambwe igiranira urunani na wo kugira ngo ushobore kugira ubwiganze mu nama nshingamateka. Ibi bizotuma habanza guca igihe kitari gito kugira ngo izina ry'umushikiranganji wa mbere mushasha azosubirira Angela Merkel rimenyekane. Mu bisanzwe, umugambwe ufise intebe nyinshi mu yigize urunani ni wo ugena umushikiranganji wa mbere. Ariko gushinga urunani birafata umwanya kuko imigambwe yose irugize itegerezwa kubanza kwumvikana igashika ku masezerano y'ingene abashikiranganji bazogenwa. Bamaze kwumvikana ku bintu vyose, niho rero abagize inama nshingamateka baca bakorana kugira ngo bemeze umushikiranganji wa mbere mushasha. Iyo Abadagi bagiye mu matora, batora ibintu bibiri. Ica mbere, batora umushingamateka w'akarere. Hari uburere bw'amatora (circonscriptions électorales/ electoral districts) bushika ku  299 ; ibi bivuga ko umushingamateka umwe aserukira hafi abantu 250.000. Umukandida yaronse amajwi menshi ni we atsindira intebe mu nama nshingamateka. Aya yitwa "amatora ya mbere". Mu matora agira kabiri, azwi nk' "amatora ya kabiri", abatora batora intonde z'imigambwe muri buri reta. Rero ibi bibanza 299 bisigaye bigenda bigabaganywa bivanye n'amajwi muri mugambwe wagiye uronka. Rero umukandida ari ku rutonde aronka ikibanza mu nama nshingamateka hakurikijwe urutonde rwatanzwe n'umugambwe wiwe. Uku rero niko Bundestag ishingwa. Kugira ngo umugambwe uronke ikibanza mu nama nshingamateka utegerezwa kuronka n'imiburiburi amajwi 5% mu matora agira kabiri. Ibi vyateguwe uku kugira ngo imigambwe mito mito, akenshi usanga igendera ku vyiyumviro bikaze ntije mu yigize ubutegetsi. Rero, ufatiye ku kungene amatora ateguwe mu Budagi, inama nshingamateka ishingiye ahanini ku vyavuye mu matora agira kabiri. Kuri ivyo rero, amatora agira niyo yerekana ibibanza buri mugambwe ushobora kugira muri Bundestag hamwe n'amahirwe ushobora kugira muri reta. Iki ni igice kitoroshe gutahura. Igitigiri c'intebe mu nama nshingamateka kirashobora kwiyongera iyo hari ubusumbane hagati y'ivyavuye mu matora ku mugambwe umwe umwe muri ano matora abiri. Aha rero, aho kugirwa n'abashingamateka 598, ishobora kugirwa n'abashingamateka 709. Inama nshingamateka ya kino gihe yari igizwe n'abashingamateka 730. Dufatire ku karorero k'ibishobora gushika mu mugambwe kanaka: Nk'akarorero, umugambwe CDU uronse intebe 110 mu matora ya mbere yo mu burere, hanyuma ugaca uronka intebe 100 mu matora agira kabiri y'intonde z'imigambwe. Muri iki gihe, CDU izosanga ifise intebe 10 irengeje ku zo yategerezwa kuronka, ufatiye ku matora agira kabiri, ari yo akomeye cane. Rimwe na rimwe, abatora barashobora gushima umukandida, ari na we atorwa mu ya mbre, ariko ugasanga ntibashimye umugambwe wiwe ntibawutore mu matora agira kabiri. Dufatiye kuri aka karorero, vyumvikana ko CDU izogumana izi ntebe 10 zirenzeko, zizwi nka Überhangmandate, canke "intebe z'inyongera". Kuri ivyo, CDU izosanga ifise intebe 10 zirenze ku zo yategerezwa kugira nk'umugambwe, bikayiha akarusho gasa n'uko umengo irenganije iyindi. Rero kugira no ntihabe nkunzi, iyindi migambwe ica ironswa icitwa Ausgleichsmandate, canke "intebe z'indishi y'akababaro". Ibi bica bituma ibitigiri vy'abashingamateka bava mu yindi migambwe vyiyongera bivanye n'amajwi baronse. Dufatiye kuri aka karorero, ibibanza bitegerezwa kwiyongera ku rugero rwa 10% vy'ivyavuye mu matora kugira ngo bakosore ubu busumbane. Abatsinze n'abatsinzwe baza kumenyekana inyuma y'amasaha make ibiro vy'amatora vyugaye. Ni nako vyagenze mu matora y'inama nshingamateka aheruka mu 2017, igihe Angela Merkel ashikiriza ijambo ritaryoshe yerekana ko umugambwe wiwe waronse amajwi make. Ariko gushinga reta bishobora kurangwamwo impari nyinshi bigatuma ibiganiro bifata indwi zitari nke kugira ngo bashike ku masezerano. Ni nako vyagenze mu 2017, igihe umugambwe CDU, umugambwe L'Alliance 90/Les Verts ukunze kwitwa The Greens,  hamwe n'uumgambwe FDP inaniriwe no gushinga urunani.