headline: Passports za Covid: Zikora gute kw'isi?
text: Uko iminsi ihera, niko ibihugu biba vyinshi mu kwiyumvira gukoresha urupapuro rw'inzira, murekarengane, canke passeport ya Covid, nk'uburyo bwo kwugururira no kurekura abantu ngo batembere. Bene izo passeports zikunze kuboneka umuntu aciye kuri app (application) yo kuri telefone ngendanwa yiwe  canke hamwe hamwe hakanatangwa iz'impapuro zisanzwe. Ibihugu bimwe bimwe biramaze gushiraho passeports zavyo za Covid zemerera abantu kuja mu manza canke ibirori bihuriramwo abantu benshi. Ariko mu gihe hari ibihugu bikiri inyuma cane mu bijanye no gutanga incanco, hari ubwoba ko bimwe bizosigara inyuma.  Aha turaraba ingene ibihugu bimwe bimwe vyatunganije ikibazo c'ama passeports y'urucanco n'ibijanye nazo. Gushika ubu, "ibibanza vy'urugero runini rwo gushobora kwandura" nk'inzu z'ubutambiro ntibisaba icemeza ko watewe urucanco. Ariko, umushikiranganji wa mbere Boris Johnson yatangaje imigambi y'uko "kuba warakwije incanco bizoba ngombwa kugira winjire mu mazu y'ubutambiro n'ibindi bibanza bihuriramwo abantu benshi cane" kuva mu mpera z'ukwezi kw'icenda. Hisunzwe izo ngingo nshasha, abantu bazokwerekana ko bakwije incanco bakoresheje ikimenyetso bahabwa na app y'ikigo NHS. Ico kimenyetso ca NHS - canke ikimeze nk'ico mu bindi bice vy'Ubwongereza (UK) - kizotuma abantu bakuze bakwije  incanco badasabwa kwikumira iyo bagarutse bava mu bihugu biri ku rutonde rw'ibisaba abantu kuguma ukwa wenyene iminsi cumi no kwipimisha corona kabiri muri ico kiringo (amber-list countries). Ariko n'ubwo boba bafise ico kimenyetso, bazotegerezwa guca baguma ukwabonyene i muhira iwabo bashitse mu Bwongereza mu gihe  bavuye mu Bufaransa. Ku bwa reta, ibihugu birenga 30 birimwo Ubugiriki na Espagne ubu biremera ico kimenyetso ariko abagifise bategerezwa kubanza kuraba neza amategeko yo kwinjira iyo bagomba kuja imbere yo gufatisha itike kandi bakaguma basuzuma imbere yo gufata urugendo. Passeport y'urucanco y'ibihugu vya Buraya igiye gushirwaho mu bihugu 27 bigize iryo shirahamwe - hongeweko Ubuswise , Islande, Norvège na Liechtenstein. Abanyagihugu bo muri ivyo bihugu bashobora gukura iyo passport kuri app canke bakaronka iy'urupapuro - ata mafaranga batanze. Ishobora kuronkwa kandi n'abanyamahanga bafise uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko bwo kuba muri ivyo bihugu. Kubera Ubwongereza butakiri muri iryo shirahamwe, iyo passeport nta Bongereza benshi bashobora kuyironka. Urwo rupapuro rushobora gutangwa iyo umuntu yaronse urucanco, aheruka gupimwa bagasanga nta Covid afise canke aheruka gukira uwo mugera. Uwariwe wese afise urwo rupapuro  ubundi ntaheza ngo asubire gupimwa canke ngo ashirwe ukwa wenyene iyo ajabutse urubibe mu bihugu bigize EU. Ibindi bihugu bigize ishirahamwe navyo birafise impapuro zavyo bwite zihabwa abaronse urucanco. Abategetsi bashizeho urupapuro ruzoha uburenganzira abantu bwo kwinjira mu mazu y'uburiro, ubunywero, indege hamwe n'amatereni (gariyamoshi). Gushika ubu, ibibanza bihuriramwo abantu barenga 50 vyaratanguye gusaba icemeza ko waronse urucanco canke urupapuro rw'uko ata Covid bagusanganye mu bipimo. Iyo murekarengane (pass) izosabwa abantu bose bakuze kuva mu kwezi kw'icumi ariko harimwo n'abana barenza imyaka 12 kuva itariki 30 z'ukwezi kw'icenda. Kugira uronke urwo rupapuro, abantu bategerezwa kwerekana ko bakwije incanco, ko bapimwe mu minsi mike iheze bagasanga nta mugera bafise canke ko baherutse gukira umugera. Kw'itariki 24 ukwezi kw'indwi, hafi abantu ibihumbi 160 baragize imyiyerekano mu gihugu biyamiririza iyo murekarengane ya Covid n'ingingo y'uko abakozi bo kwa muganga bategerezwa guterwa incanco. Israel yashizeho murekarengane y'urucanco mu ntango z'uyu mwaka. Yasaba abantu kwerekana icemeza ko baronse incanco canke ko barwaye umugera mu minsi ya vuba. Iyo murekarengane yatumye ibitigiri vy'abiteza incanco vyiyongera, cane cane mu bakiri bato. Ibiharuro vy'abandura bimaze kugabanuka, abategetsi baciye bafata ingingo yo kuvanaho iyo ndinganizo. Ariko ubu reta yatangaje imigambi yo kuyisubizaho mu gihe ibiharuro vy'abandura vyasubiye kuduga. Indinganizo nshasha izotuma abantu barenza imyaka 12 baronse incanco, baherutse gukira Covid canke bapimwe ntibatorwe uwo mugera, bashobora kuja mu manza canke ibirori vy'abantu benshi no kwinjira ibibanza bimwe bimwe bigenewe bose, nk'uko bivugwa n'ikinyamakuru Times of Israel. Iyo murekarengane nshasha yari gutangura gukoreshwa kuva itariki 29 z'ukwezi kw'indwi. Iyo murekarengane izokora ku biteramo vy'akaranga n'inkino, inzu zo kunonoreramwo imitsi (gym), inzu z'uburiro, ahabera amanama (conference), ahagenderwa na ba mukerarugendo hamwe n'ibibanza vy'amasengesho. Ubushinwa bwashizeho indinganizo ya QR code mu mwaka uheze ishira abantu mu migwi hakoreshejwe amabara atandukanye. Ibara ry'urwatsi rubisi rirekurira abantu gutembera ata na hamwe bimiriwe, mu gihe umuntu afise ibara ry'umuhondo ashobora gusabwa kuguma i muhira mu kiringo c'iminsi indwi. Izo QR codes ziba zirimwo amakuru ku rugero rwagutse hamwe n'ayatangwa n'abazikoresha ubwabo. Vyinshi mu bibanza bigenewe uwariwe wese mu Bushinwa birasaba abantu kwerekana QR yabo kugira bemererwe kwinjira. Mu kwezi kwa gatatu Ubushinwa bwashizeho urupapuro rw'amagara rwo mu buhinga bwa none (digital) rwerekana niba uwurufise yaricandagishije canke atarabikora hamwe n'icavuye mu bipimo. Urwo rupapuro n'abanyamahanga bashobora kururonka mu Bushinwa co kimwe n'Abashinwa. Hizigiwe ko Abashinwa bazoshobora kurukoresha nka murekarengane y'urucanco mu bindi bihugu muri kazoza. Ntiharamenyekana ibihugu Ubushinwa buriko buravugana navyo kugirango urwo rupapuro rwabwo rwemerwe. Ibihugu vyinshi vyahisemwo kudashiraho murekarengane y'urucanco. Mu kwezi kwa kane, ibiro vy'umukuru w'igihugu (White House/Maisom Blanche) vyamenyesheje ko hatazoshirwaho passeport y'urucanco ku rwego rw'igihugu, bivuga ko uburenganzira bw'abanyagihugu ku mabanga y'ubuzima bwabo butegerezwa gukingirwa. Ariko hari ama reta ane afise apps z'urucanco zikora, nk'uko vyerekanwa na MIT Technology Review. Ariko hari n'ayandi ma reta yahisemwo gushiraho ingingo zayo zo kugerageza kuduza urugero rw'abateza urucanco. California izosaba abakozi ba reta bose hamwe n'abakozi bitaho amagara y'abantu  kwerekana ikigaragaza ko batewe urucanco canke bace bapimwa buri ndwi guhera mu kwezi kuza. Igisagara ca New York kizokurikiza ingingo isa n'iyo kuva mu kwezi kw'icenda hagati mu gusaba abakozi b'igisagara - harimwo abaporisi n'abigisha - kwiteza urucanco canke gupimwa buri ndwi. Gushika ubu, abantu batewe urucanco muri Australia barafise urupauro rwo mu buhinga bwa none (digital) mu materefone yabo ariko nta burenganzira bujanye narwo. Umushikiranganji w'ico gihugu ajejwe ubukerarugendo Dan Tehan yavuze ko passeport y'urucanco ishobora guha abantu ''uburenganzira bwo gushobora gusohoka imbibe iyo hari ingingo zo kwiyugarana canke iyo hari ibice vy'intara biri mu ngingo zo kwiyugarana, kubera icaduka c'indwara". Yanavuze ko kwongera ukwishira no kwizana abatewe urucanco bishobora gutuma abandi barwiteza.