headline: Covid-19 mu 2021: Ivyo tumaze kumenya gushika ubu kuri uwo mugera
text: Mu kiringo c'umwaka uheze ishami rya ONU ryitaho amagara kw'isi ritangaje ikiza ca Covid-19, twarabonye inguvu zidasanzwe z'abahinga zo kugerageza gutahura/gusobanukirwa ibijanye n'uwo mugera. Abashakashatsi kw'isi nzima barakoranye uko bitari bwigere biba ku buryo ibintu ubundi vyari kumara imyaka n'iyindi kugira bimenyekane - mu bumenyi, ubushakashatsi n'ugukora incanco - vyakozwe mu kiringo c'amezi gusa. Ibi ni bimwe mu vyo twamenye muri ayo mezi 12 aheze. Ibimenyetso vy'iyo ndwara vyamenyekanye ubwa mbere vyari ubushuhe n'agakorora. Bidatevye, abantu benshi bafise iyo ndwara batanguye kwumva batakimoterwa canke/kandi batumva ico bariye ingene kimeze ivyo bica vyongerwa ku rutonde rwa OMS rw'ibimenyetso bikunda kugaragara. Uko ico kiza cagiye kirakomera, ibindi bimenyetso bitagaragara kuri benshi vyarabonetse, harimwo: OMS igira inama abantu barwaye cane kwihuta kuja kwa muganga. Ibimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kubamwo ingorane zo guhema, kunanirwa kuvuga canke kwiyunguruza, kutamenya neza ibiriko biraba, canke kwumva ububabare mu gikiriza. Turazi ko umuntu asanganywe izindi ngorane z'amagara bishobora gutuma asinzikazwa na Covid -19 ari naco gituma OMS ihanura abantu basanganywe ibibazo vy'amahaha, diabete, indwara z'umutima canke cancer gufata ingingo zo kwirinda kwandura uwo mugera. N'ubwo benshi mu banduye iyo ndwara bakira vuba, ivyigwa vyerekana ko kuri bamwe Covid -19 ishobora gutera ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku bice bimwe bimwe vy'umubiri harimwo umutima n'amahaha. Mu mezi ya mbere y'ico kiza, OMS yashimika ivuga ko Covid -19 yandukira iyo abantu bakoroye canke basamuye, utuma/udutonyanga tugakorokera ku  kintu aho kuguma mu kirere. Nico gituma gukaraba vyafashwe nk'imwe mu ngingo zikomeye zo kwirinda - kugira abafise iyo ndwara ntibanduze aho bakoze, ariho hokwanduruka gukwirakwiza umugera. Ariko icigwa ca vuba casohotse mu kinyamakuru British Medical Journal cerekana ko ukwandukirwa na SARS-CoV-2 imaze kuja ku kintu ubu bifatwa ko bikara buke ugereranije n'uguca mu buhumekero. Ibiherutse gutorwa vyerekana ko Covid -19 ahanini yandukira hagati y'abantu begeranye biciye mu tuma/udutonyanga tuba turi mu kirere. Ibi bishobora gushika imbere mu nzu, ahantu hari abantu benshi kandi hadahita akayaga neza, aho umuntu umwe canke benshi baba bafise umugera bamarana umwanya mununi n'abandi, nk'uko bivugwa na OMS. Ari naco gituma vyinshi mu vyahagaritswe mu buzima bwa minsi yose kwari kubuza abantu guhura ari benshi ahantu hapfunze. Incanco za Covid -19 zisa n'iziriko ziragira ico zihinduye Gucandaga biriko biragira ico bihinduye gikomeye ku gitigiri c'abantu baja mu bitaro kubera Covid -19 mu Bwongereza, ubu ibiharuro bikaba vyerekana ko incanco ziriko ziragabanya abantu baja mu bitaro n'abapfa, co kimwe n'ukwandukizanya. Umwigisha wa kaminuza Calum Semple, umuhinga ari mu bajenama ba reta y'Ubwongereza avuga ati: "Biranezereye cane kuboba ibiharuro bifatiye ku buzima bwa minsi yose vyerekana ko urucanco rukora neza". Mu bisanzwe bishobora gufata imyaka 10 kugira urucanco rukorwe - ariko nk'iza Pfizer, Moderna na AstraZeneca za Covid -19 zakozwe mu mwanya muto cane ugereranije n'uwo, bivuye mu  ruhande rumwe kubera ubuhinga bwa none, ukwongereza uburyo hamwe no kugabanya uruhererakane rwo mu biro. Ariko n'ubwo gukora incanco vyafashe amezi, abantu benshi bazorindira imyaka kugira baruterwe. Hari ubusumbane bunini cane kw'isi iyo hageze gusabikanya incanco hagati y'ibihugu bikize n'ibikenye. Kandi mu gihe urucanco ata nkeka ko ruzogwanya uwo mugera, rushobora kudatanga ubudahangarwa buhoraho kuko abasirikare b'umubiri haragera igihe bagasaza. Haheze amezi barwaye iyo ndwara, hari abantu benshi babandanya kugaragaza ibimenyetso bitari bike, bizwi nka Covid ndende. OMS ivuga ko abantu bashika umwe kuri 10 bibashikira kandi bakagira uburuhe bwinshi, kumeneka umutwe, kubabara mu gikiriza n'akabonge. Ikiza kigitera, abantu baragira ikibazo c'uko bitabwaho muri izo ngaruka z'igihe kirekire, n'ubu abahinga ntibaramenya igituma bamwe bazigira abandi ntibazigire. Abahinga baraciga ingaruka z'igihe kirekire za Covid b-19, icigwa giherutse gusohoka kikaba cerekana ko abantu bigeze kurwara uwo mugera, naho boba batababaye cane, baba bafise ivyago vyinshi vyo gupfa canke kurwara bakaremba mu mezi atandatu akurikira ukurwara. Ziyad Al-Aly, umwigisha w'umwunganizi mu vy'ubuvuzi kuri kaminuza ya Washington muri Saint Louis, avuga ati: "Kubera ibibazo biterwa na Covid-19 bishobora  kuba bikomeye, ingaruka z'iyo ndwara zishobora kuguma zisubiriza ku myaka myinshi". "Abaganga bategerezwa kuhagabira ku gusuzuma abantu baba bararwaye Covid -19. Bene abo bantu bakenera kwitabwaho mu buryo bufatiye ku ngero nyinshi." Hari ubwoko butandukanye ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bwa Covid butembera. Ivyo ni ukuvyitega, kuko imigera irihindura kugira ikwiragire, ikagenda irafata iyindi sura. Akenshi ubwo budasa ntaco buba buvuze, ariko hari igihe butuma umugera ubangama canke wandukira gusumba. Ubwoko bwo mu Bwongereza, Afrika y'Epfo, Brezil, n'Ubuhindi bwose bwarahindutse agace kabwo kamata ku turemangingo tw'umuntu. Guhinduka umugera ukaba N501Y nk'akarorero, bisa n'ibituma umugera winjira mu turemangingo kandi ukwirakwira neza gusumba. Aho ni mu gihe ubwoko bwo mu Bwomgereza, B.1.1.7, hari ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko bushobora kuba bufitaniye isano n'urugero rwo gushobora gupfa rushika ku 30%. Ariko icigwa ntikiraba kanuni. Abana bafise urugero ruto cane rwo kurwara Abana barashobora kwandura Covid -19 ariko ivyemezo bihari vyerekena ko bafise urugero ruri hasi cane rwo gushobora kurwara cane ugereranije n'abakuze, gushika ubu, kandi  bisa n'uko n'urugero rw'uko bashobora kwanduza ari ruto. Abahinga bariko bariga ngo barabe niba ubwoko bushasha burimwo ubushobora kuba bwandukira abakiri bato gusumba. Mu kwezi guheza, vyavuzwe ko hagati y'ukwezi kwa kabiri mu 2020 n'itariki 15 ukwezi kwa gatatu mu 2021, Covid -19 yahitanye abana b'abanya-Brezil 852 bo gushika ku myaka icenda, harimwo inzoya 518 zifise munsi y'umwaka, hisunzwe ibitigiri bitangwa n'ubushikiranaganji bwa Brezil bujejwe amagara. Abahinga bavuga ko ibitigiri vy'abanduye Covid muri ico gihugu -  igitigiri ca kabiri kini kw'isi, vyatumye ivyago vy'uko abana bo muri Brezil bandura vyongerekana. Ibindi bibazo biri muri ico gihugu birimwo kudakora ibipimo, abana bafise ibindi bimenyetso nko gucibwamwo canke kubabara mu nda, canke kubura amikoro yo kwivuza. Ingaruka ziziguye z'uwo mugera nazo zirakora cane ku bana, mu gihe ukunanirwa kw'inzego z'ubuvuzi biturutse kuri Covid-19 bisobora gutuma haba impfu 239.000 z'abavyeyi n'abana muri Asia y'Epfo, hakurikijwe icegeranyo ca ONU casohotse mu ntango z'uwu mwaka. . Igihe ikinyamakuuru Nature cabaza abantu 100 b'abahinga, abashakashatsi, abakurikirana indwara z'imigera n'izandukira bakora kuri Covid -19, hafi 90% bavuze ko bibaza ko izohinduka indwara yama iri ngaho. Bibaza ko uwo mugera uzobandanya "kuguma utembera mu duce tumwe tumwe tw'abantu kw'isi mu myaka iri imbere". Ariko n'ubwo twotegerezwa kwiga kubana na Covid-19, ivyo ntibisigura ko tuzoguma tubona urugero rwo gupfa no kwandura twabonye muri uyu mwaka urangiye. Akamangu (influenza) karacahitana abantu ibihumbi n'ibihubi buri mwaka ariko abantu ubu baramenyereye kutagira ico ibagize cane. Covid nayo ishobora guhinduka indwara nk'iyo; imwe usanga hari gihe ivumbuka, kandi abantu bashobora kurwara akarenga rimwe. Mu ntango z'iki kiza, impanuro zo gukwirakwiza Covid -19 ntizari zimwe, mu gihe hari ama reta mu bihugu bitandukanye yatanga inama zitandukanye nyene ku banyagihugu bayo. Ariko ubu OMS ifise intumbero itomoye y'ibikeneye gukurikizwa mu kwirinda. Kutegerana cane mu gusiga nibura imetero hagati y'umuntu n'uwundi, kwambara agafukamunwa gafuka amazuru n'umunwa, no gukaraba, nivyo nyamukuru. Wogerageza kandi mu vyumba hakaguma haca akayaga, hanyuma ukurinda ahantu harundanye abantu benshi. Ukeneye gukorora, kororera mu mfuruka y'inkokora canke mu gatambara. Hanyuma wemerewe urucanco, rufate vyihuta, kuko OMS ihanura ko "incanco zemewe za Covid -19, zitanga urugero runini rwo gukingira umuntu gusinzikazwa no kwicwa n'iyo ndwara". Haracari vyinshi tutaramenya kuri Covid-19 N'ubwo hari ibintu vyinshi ubushakashatsi bumaze gutora kuri Covid -19, hari vyinshi n'ubu tutaramenya kuri uwo mugera - na cane cane iyo hageze ikibazo co kumenya ryari tuzoshika ku budahangarwa bw'ikivunga, kubera iki abantu basinzikara kurusha abandi, canke ubwa mbere ho ingene uwo mugera winjiye mu muntu. Haracari kare kuvuga igihe ubudahangarwa bushobora kumara, canke niba hari ubudasa hagati y'ugukingirwa bitangwa n'urucanco, canke ukuje inyuma yo kurwara. Ntituzi kandi incuro umuntu ashobora gusubira kwandura uwo mugera wa Covid -19, canke niba iyo ndwara iza idakaze iyo ije ubugira kabiri. Abashakatsi barabandanya kwiga ivyo bintu vyose, no kwiga ingene umugera ugenda urihindugura mu bice bitandukanye vy'isi. Icizere n'uko ivyo bariko barakora bizotuma twisuganye kigira duhangane n'uwo mugera n'ubwoko bwayo bushasha, muri kazoza.