headline: Intambara ya Ukraine: Ni bande bari mu karwi gatoya ka Putin karongoye intambara?
text: Vladimir Putin aboneka umengo arirebanga, mu gufata ingingo yo gushora Uburusiya mu ntambara ya gisirikare ishobora gutuma ubutunzi bw'igihugu ciwe butembagara. Ntiyari bwigere aboneka yirebanga nk'incuro zibiri ziherutse, aho yabonetse ari kumwe n'akarwi kiwe, yicaranye n'abahanuzi biwe ariko hagati ya we na bo hari intambwe nini. Nk'umugaba w'ingabo, niwe abazwa iki gitero, ariko yamye yiheka cane ku bantu bamwegereye kandi bamuyoboka cane, abenshi muri bo bakaba batanguriye amabanga yabo mu nzego z'Uburusiya zijejwe umutekano. ikibazo ni ukumenya ni nde amuhanura muri kino gihe kitoroshe c'ubutegetsi bwiwe. Nimba hariho n'umwe, ni uyu mwizigirwa wiwe w'igihe kirekire cane Sergei Shoigu, ari we yama ariko arasubiramwo amajambo ya Putin yerekana intumbero yiwe yo gusambura igisirikare ca Ukraine be no gukingira Uburusiya abansi babwo bo mu bihugu vy'Uburengero. Uyu ni umuntu yama ajana na Perezida iyo agiye guhiga canke kuroba mu ntara ya  Sibérie iri mu buseruko bw'igihugu, muri kahise akaba yaboneka ko yari we ashobora kumusubirira. Vera Mironova,  umuhinga mu bijanye n'intambara za gisirikare , ati: "Shoigu yategerezwa gufata Kyiv; ni umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi kandi yategerezwa gutsinda intambara". Azwi ko ari we yafashe ka karere ka Crimea mu 2014. Niwe kandi yari arongoye ishami rijejwe igendereza rya gisirikare, GRU, ryagirizwa ibitero bibiri vy'isumu  - ica mbere co mu 2018 cahitanye umuntu i Salisbury mu Bwongereza, ikindi cahatswe kugandagura wa munyaporitike arwanya ubutegetsi bwa Putin, Alexei Navalny, muri Sibérie mu 2020. Umwanditsi w'umurusiya Andrei Soldatov akongera akaba n'umuhinga mu bijanye n'umutekano yemeza ko uyu mushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi ari we muntu wa mbere avuga rikijana kwa Perezida Putin. "Shoigu uretse ko ari we ajejwe igisirikare, ni nawe ajejwe inyigisho (ideology) ku rugero rutari ruto - hanyuma inyigisho mu Burusiya zishingiye cane cane kuri kahise, niwe ategura vyose". Nk'umukuru w'ibiro bikuru vya gisirikare, yari afise igikorwa co gutera Ukraine kandi akarangiza intambara ningoga na ningoga, aha rero aboneka ko atararangura igikorwa ciwe. Afise uruhara rudasanzwe mu bikorwa vya gisirikare vya  Vladimir Putin kuva igihe yari arongoye ingabo muri ya ntambara ya Chechnya mu 1999, akaba mbere yari imbere mu gutegura iyi ntambara ya Ukraine, anahagarikiye imyimenyerezo ya gisirikare muri Biélorussie/Belarus mu kwezi guheze. Umuhinga w'umurusiya Mark Galeotti avuga ko, nk'umuntu "adatwenga kandi w'iminkanyari", Jenerali Gerasimov yagize uruhara rudasanzwe mu ntambara yo kwigarurira akarere ka  Crimea. Hari amakuru avuga ko ubu yoba ashirwa ku ruhande kubera uguhigimanga kwiwe mu gutanguza igitero ca Ukraine be n'amakuru avuga ko igisirikare gifise intege nke. Ariko Andrei Soldatov abona ko ibi ari ivyipfuzo vya bamwe. Ati: "Putin ntashobora kugenzura hose n'ingabo zose, rero iki ni co gikorwa ciwe". Avuga kandi ko n'aho akunda kwambara umwambaro wa gisirikare, nta nyigisho za gisirikare afise ari co gituma ari ngombwa kuri we kwiheka ku bahinga. Ben Noble, umwigisha wa kaminuza ya Londres yigisha poritike y'Uburusiya, avuga ati: "Nikolai Patrushev ni we muntu wa mbere akokeza intambara, kubera yiyumvira ko ibihugu vy'Uburengero bimaze imyaka n'imyaka bihiga Uburusiya". Ni umwe mubayoboke batatu ba Putin bakoranye na we kuva mu myaka ya 1970 i St Petersburg, igihe iki gisagara kigira kabiri c'Uburusiya cari kicitwa Leningrad. Abandi babiri basigaye ni Alexander Bortnikov arongoye igisata c'umutekano hamwe na Sergei Naryshkin arongoye igisata kijejwe igendereza ryo hanze. Abari muri aka karwi k'abegereye Putin bose bazwi kw'izina rya siloviki, ariko aba batatu nibo bari hafi yiwe gusumba. Ni bake cane bafise ijambo rikomeye ku mukuru w'igihugu nka Nikolai Patrushev. Uretse ko yakoranye na we muri KGB mu gihe c'ubutegetsi bwa gikomunista, niwe yamusubiriye mu rwego rwayisubiriye, ari rwo FSB, kuva mu 1999 gushika 2008. Mu mubonano w'inama nkuru ijejwe umutekano w'Uburusiya yabaye hasigaye imisi itatu ngo igitero gitangura, Patrushev yageze kure mu kuvuga ko "intumbero nyayo" ya Amerika ari ugusambura Uburusiya. Abakurikiranira hagufi Kremlin bavuga ko umukuru w'igihugu yemera inkuru ahawe n'inzego z'umutekano gusumba izindi zose, Alexander Bortnikov afatwa nk'umwe mu bantu begereye cane Perezida Putin. Nk'uwundi yakoranye na we muri KGB i Leningrad, niwe yahawe uburongozi bw'urwego FSB asubiriye Nikolai Patrushev. Aba bompi bazwi ko begereye cane umukuru w'igihugu, ariko nk'uko Ben Noble abivuga: "Ntitwovuga ko ari bo bonyene bafise ibintu mu minwe kandi ko ari bo bonyene bafata ingingo zose". Nk'uwungirije aba batatu bahoze ari abakozi ba Leningrad, Sergei Naryshkin ari kumwe n'umukuru w'igihugu mu gihe kitari gito amaze arangura amabanga yiwe. Arongoye urwego rujejwe igendereza ryo hanze (SVR). Sergei Naryshkin yamaze igihe kirekire ari kumwe na Putin, i St Petersburg mu myaka ya 1990, hanyuma no mu biro kwa Putin mu 2004 gushika n'aho aba umukuru w'inama nshingamateka. Mu mwaka uheze yahaye ikiganiro umunyamakuru wa BBC i Moscou Steve Rosenberg aho yahakanye ko Uburusiya ata bitero ku nyabwonko n'ibindi vy'isumu bwakoze, kandi ko butivanga mu matora y'ibindi bihugu. Imyaka 18 yose ayimaze ari we mutegetsi mukuru ajejwe imigenderanire y'Uburusiya, ashikiriza aho Uburusiya buhagaze n'aho afatwa nk'uko ata ruhara runini afise mu gufata ingingo. Sergei Lavrov w'imyaka 71 , ni ikindi cemezo gikomeye c'uko Vladimir Putin yiheka cane ku bantu bakomeye bakoranye muri kahise. Ni umuhinga afise amayeri menshi: mu kwezi guheze yarashatse kumaramaza umunyamabanga w'Ubwongereza ajejwe imigenderanire Liz Truss mu kumubaza ivyo azi ku ndondagihugu y'Uburusiya, hanyuma mu mwaka uheze naho ashaka kumaramaza umukuru w'igisata kijejwe imigenderanire y'umuryango w'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya, Josep Borrell. Ariko, yamye ashirwa kure ku kintu cose cerekeye Ukraine, kandi n'aho azwi ko ari umuntu agumye, yabandanije ashira imbere ibiganiro ku kibazo ca Ukraine, bituma Perezida Putin amwihoza. Bisa n'uko ataco vyamubwiye igihe abenshi mu bagize Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe agateka ka zina muntu biyonjorora igihe yariko agerageza gusigura ingingo y'Uburusiya yo gutera Ukraine, hari mw'ijambo yariko ashikiriza hifashishijwe ubuhinga bwa videwo. Ari mu bagore bake cane begereye Putin, akaba ari we yahagarariye amatora mu nama nkenguzamateka yo kwemeza irungikwa ry'ingabo z'Uburusiya hanze, ivyaciriye inzira igitero kuri Ukraine. Valentina Matviyenko ni uwundi muntu ayoboka cane Putin yakoranye na we i St Petersburg akaba na we nyene yaranagize uruhara runini mu kwigarurira Crimea mu 2014. Ariko ntafatwa ko ari mu bantu bari imbere mu gufata ingingo. Nk'uko bimeze ku bandi bagize inama y'igihugu ijejwe umutekano, uruhara rwiwe ni urwo kwerekana ko ingingo ifashwe yaciye mu mwumvikano n'aho biba biboneka ko bisa nk'aho umukuru w'igihugu aba yamaze gufata ingingo. Nk'uwahoze ari we amucungereye ubuzima, ni we arongoye igisata ca gisirikare kijejwe umutekano w'igihugu kizwi nka, Rosgvardia,  cashinzwe na Perezida Putin nk'igisirikare ciwe bwite, haraciye imyaka itandatu gusa. Mu kurondera abajejwe umutekano biwe bwite, yashatse ko aronka abamuyoboka koko, Viktor Zolotov akaba yarongereje igitigiri cabo gushika ku 400.000. Vera Mironova yemeza ko integuro ya mbere y'Uburusiya kwari ugufata ubutegetsi bwa Ukraine mu misi mike cane, hanyuma bimaze kugaragara co igisirikare cariko kirananirwa, izi ngabo nizo zaciye zifata ibintu mu minwe. Ingorane gusa ni uko umukuru w'iki gisata ata nyigisho za gisirikare afise, kandi kubera ingabo ziwe ata bifaru zifise zirakunzwe guterwa bikomeye. Ni abahe bantu bandi bumvirizwa na Putin? Umushikiranganji wa mbere Mikhail Mishustin afise igikorwa kitoroshe co kunagura ubutunzi bw'igihugu ariko nta jambo rinini afise ku ntambara. umukuru w'igisagara ca Moscou Sergei Sobyanin hamwe n'umukuru w'igiko c'igihugu gicukura igitoro Rosneft, Igor Sechin, nabo nyene ni abantu begereye umukuru w'igihugum, nk'uko bivugwa n'umuhinga mu vya poritike Yevgeny Minchenko. Abatunzi ruhebwa babiri bavukana  Boris na Arkady Rotenberg, abantu bakuranye n'umukuru w'igihugu kuva mu bwana, ni abantu bamye ari abizigirwa kuri we. Mu 2020, ikinyamakuru Forbes cavuze ko ari wo muryango utunze gusumba iyindi yose mu gihugu cose c'Uburusiya.