headline: Coronavirus: Ibihugu vyo muri Afrika biriteguriye kurwanya coronavirus?
text: Afrika ni umwe mu migabane ibiri ata bantu baramenyekana ko banduye ikiza ca koronavirus,  ariko abahinga baragabisha ko hakiri kare  kugira havugwe ko ata muntu n'umwe arafatwa n'ico kiza, umuntu aravye imigenderanire ikomeye hagati y'uyu mugabane n'u Bushinwa. Abantu barenga 900 baramaze gupfa , abantu barenga 40.000 kw'isi, benshi muri bo abashinwa,  baramaze kumenyekana ko banduye ico kiza. Mu ndwi iheze, ishami rya ONU rijejwe amagara y'abantu kw'isi (OMS) ryaremeje ko coronavirus ari ikiza gihanze - ahanini kubera ubwoba  ku bihugu bikenye bitoshobora kumenya ingene bivyifatamwo ico kiza kirinze kibishikamwo. Umukuru wa OMS Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus ati: "Imvo nini y'urwo rwandiko si ibiriko birabera mu Bushinwa,  ariko ni ibindi bibera mu bindi bihugu. Amatohoza yacu akomeye n'uko uyo mugera woshobora gukwiragira mu bindi bihugu bidafise ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuvura'. Ibisata vy'amagara y'abantu vy'ibihugu vyinshi vya Afrika bisanzwe bihanzwe n'umuzigo uremereye, vyoshoboka gute  ko bigwanya ikindi kiza c'ingwara  gifise ubukari nk'ubwo? Michael Yao ajejwe ibikorwa bidasanzwe muri Afrika mw'ishirahamwe OMS, avuga ko hari ibihugu bimwe bimwe, bifise uburyo bubayabaye - ko bitohera ku busa mu kuvura. Ati: "Turazi ingene igisata c'amagara y'abantu ku mugabane wa Afrika gifise ubushobozi buke kandi ibi bisata nyene vyararengewe n'ibindi biza, rero ni nkererwa kuri twebwe kumenya iki kiza hakiri kare kugira dukinge kitarahashika". Ni ubuhe bushobozi buriho muri kino gihe mu kuvura iki kiza ? Mu ntango y'iyi ndwi , hari hamaze kuboneka ibibanza vyo gupimiramwo abantu  2 bita laboratoire ku mugabane wa Afrika.- kimwe muri Senegal ikindi muri Afrika y'epfo- vyose bifise imiti yo gupima iyo ndwara. Ivyo bibanza biriko bikora nk'ivyo kwakira   abagwayi bavuye mu turere dutandukanye tw'uyu mugabane. Bimwe muri ivyo bibanza vyo gupimiramwo,  nka Institut Pasteur de Dakar  muri Senegal,  vyarafashe iya mbere muri Afrika mu guteza imbere mu kurondera uburyo bugezweho mu bujanye n'ubuvuzi, harimwo n'ubushakashatsi ku ndwara y'ubushuhe bita fievre jaune. Ariko muri iyi  ndwi ibihugu nka Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria na Sierra Leone vyamenyesheje ko bishobora gupima. OMS kandi yarungitse ibikoresho mu bindi bibanza 29 vyo ku mugabane wa Afrika, kugira bigire ubushobozi bwo kurwanya uyo mugera,  vyongere kandi binafashe gupima abo mu bindi bihugu, bibaye nkenerwa. Hari icizere ko mu ntango z'uku kwezi ibihugu bitari munsi ya 36 vyo ku mugabane wa Afrika bizoronka cane cane  ibikoresho vyo gushobora  gupima uyu mugera wa coronavirus. Muganga Yao avuga ko ibihugu vya Afrika  bishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gupima uyu mugera mu gihe bizoba bimaze kuronswa imiti mishasha yo gupima izoboneka ivuye mu Bushinwa no mu bihugu vya Bulaya. Umuryango Croix Rouge utabara imbabare muri Nigeria wategekanije abakozi bitanga bangana umuliyoni kugira bafashe. Umunyamabanga mukuru wawo Abubakar Ahmed Kende yamenyesheje ko iyo  ngingo igamije gukinga kugira ngo uwo mugera ntukwiragire hose mu gihugu mu gihe woboneka, hamwe kandi no kuzibira ikiza ca ''Lassa fever''. Muri Tanzaniya , umushikiranganji ajejwe amagara y'abantu  Ummy Mwalimu atangaza ko hamaze gutunganywa ibibanza vyo kwakiriramwo  abantu ukwa bonyene mu buraruko, mu buseruko no mu burengero bw'igihugu. Harategekanijwe ibikoresho vyo gupima ubushuhe hamwe n'abakozi bo kwamuganga ibihumbi 2 bahawe inyigisho. Ibihugu vyinshi harimwo Kenya , Ethiopia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana na Botswana vyarasuzumye  abantu  bikekwako boba banduye uwo mugera, mu kubashira mu bibanza vya bonyene. Gushik'ubu bose ntanumwe muribo yabonetse ko yanduye. Umushikiranganji ajejwe amagara y'abantu wa Uganda yemeje ko yashize abantu barenga 100 mu kibanza ca bonyene bashitse ku kibuga c'indege mpuzamakungu ca Entebbe. Bamwe muribo bashizwe mu kibanza ca bonyene mu bitaro 2 vyo muri Entebbe na Kampala , mugihe abandi basabwe kuguma mu mazu yabo. Muganga  Yao yagize uruhara mu kurwanya ikiza ca Ebola mu burengero bwa Afrika hagati y'2014 n'2016, n'ubu vuba mu Buseruko bwa  Republika ya Democrasi ya Kongo. avuga ko afise impungenge ko ata buryo bukwiye bwo kuvura abnduye coronavirus bamaze kuremba. Avuga ati: ''Turiko duhanura ibihugu kwigora  gupima uyu mugera hakiri kare kugira ntukwire hose mu gihugu - kuko vyotugora kuwugwanya''. Iciza kiriho ni uko ibihugu vyinshi vya Afrika biza biriko birapima ingenzi zishika  mu bivuko ikiza ca Ebola cinjiriramwo. Ibihugu vyagwanije  ikiza ca Ebola, biracafise ibibanza vyo gushira abantu ukwa bonyene hamwe n'ubuhinga bwo gucungera  indwara zandukira. Ariko mugihe hageze ibijanye n'ugupima umugera w'ico kiza, usanga bitandukanye na Ebola.  Ebola igera aho yandukira mugihe ibimenyetso biboneka, ariko hari amakuru avuga ko hari abarwayi bandukije abandi imbere y'uko baboneka ko barwaye. Imigenderanire ikomeye ihagaze ku rudandazwa hagati y'u Bushinwa n'ibihugu vya  Afrika ituma impungenge ziba nyinshi ko uwo mugera ushobora gukwiragira hose. Igihugu c'ubushinwa gifise ubucuti bunini cane buhagaze ku rudandazwa mu gihe amakompanyi ashika 10.000 y'abashinwa akorera muri Afrika Hari kandi abanyeshure barenga 80.000 b'abanyafrika, biga mu Bushinwa , nk'uko bivugwa n'ikinyamakuru The Guardian. Umunyeshure w'imyaka 21 wo muri Kameruni yaravuzwe ko yanduye uwo mugera inyuma y'urugendo rwiwe mu ntara ya  Wuhan akaba ariko aravurirwa mu bitaro. Hari kandi n'abanyeshuri b'abashinwa baja kwiga kuri uwomugabane wa Afrika. Mu gihe imigenderanire ishingiye ku rudandazwa igenda ikomera, n'urugero rw'uruja n'uruza hagati hagati ya Afrika n'Ubushinwa narwo nyene rugenda rwiyongera. Ibitigiri vyinshi vy'ingenzi biteye impungenge. Muganga John Nkengasong, umuyobozi w'ikigo ca Afrika gikurikirana kikongera  kigakinga  ingwara, yanditse mu kinyamakuru citwa Nature,  ko Afrika ikwiye kuraba neza ingene ikiza ca coronavirus cakwiragiye muri Aziya bivuye ku rudandazwa hamwe n'uruja n'uruza rw'abantu. Mu 2002, Imana yarakinze Afrika ntiyashikirwa na ca kiza ca SARS kiretse umuntu umwe gusa yavuzwe muri Afrika y'epfo yijiye ayirwaye, "ariko ingendo zo mu kirere zaraduze gushika ku bice birenga 600 % mu myaka 10  iheze kubera Ubushinwa bwongereje imitahe yabwo muri Afrika''. Indege nyinshi kw'isi zarahagararitse vy'imfatakibanza ingendo ziva  zikongera zikagenda mu Bushinwa. Nico gituma indege zo ku mugabane wa Afrika zimaze imisi zisugerezwa n'abanyagihugu kugira zihagarike ingendo. Amakompanyi y'indege yo mu Misiri, Kenya, Maroc n'u Rwanda yarahagaritse ingendo zayo n'ico gihugu, ikompanyi ya mbere ifise indege nyinshi ku mugabane wa Afrika, Ethiopian Airlines - yoyo ytiyahagaritse. OMS yarasavye ama kompanyi y'indege ko atohagarika ingendo zayo mu Bushinwa, ariko irerekana ibihugu 13 vyo ku mugabane wa Afrika bikwiye kwitondera izo ngendo kubera  bifitaniye imigenderanire ikomeye n'ico gihugu. Itegekanya kurungika abakozi bayo baja gufasha muri ivyo bihugu 13  gushika muri mpera z'iyi ndwi. Muganga Matshidiso Moeti, atwara akerere ka Afrika muri OMS ati: ''Umugera mushasha uwo ari wo wose kubera uba utazwi utera ubwoba''. Ivyo bihugu 13 vyerekanwa na OMS muri Afrika ku bijanye n'uwo mugera ni ibi: