headline: SA: Jonas Gwangwa, umunyamuziki wa jazz yahanganye n'intwaro karyanishamiryango, apartheid
text: Umuziki wa Afria y'Epfo no kw'isi nzima watakaje igihangange inyuma y'urupfu rw'uyu mucuraranzi  Jonas Gwangwa wo mu mudiho wa jazz yakoresha itarumbeta. Uyu mucuraranzi yapfuye ku wa 23 z'uku kwa mbere afise imyaka 83, akaba yahitanywe n'indwara y'umutima. N'aho imyaka myinshi y'ubuzima bwiwe yayimaze mu buhungiro, Gwangwa ntiyamenyekanye cane ku muziki wiwe gusa, azwi ko yagize uhurara rudasanzwe mu kurwanya bwa butegetsi karyanishamiryango bw'inkehwa z'abazungu muri Afrika y'Epfo. Gwangwa yavukiye mu karere ka Soweto mu gisagara ca Johannesburg  ku wa 19 z'ukwa cumi 1937, akaba yamaze imyaka irenga 60 mu muziki watumye amenyekana cane. Muri ico gihe yarumvise akamo yari atewe na Oliver Tambo yari arongoye ANC, kugira ngo arongore umurwi wiswe Amandla. Uyu murwi wari washinzwe mu myaka ya 1980 kugira ngo werekane uruhande rworoshe mu rugamba rwo kurwanya intwaro karyanishamiryango ya apartheid, ukaba warashigikiwe cane mu mpande zitandukanye z'isi. Reta y'umugambwe w'inkehwa z'abazungu, National Party, yabona ko ibikorwa vy'umuziki n'ukurwanira akaranga vya Gwangwa nk'ikibazo gikomeye cane ku nzego z'umutekano, maze zica zitera ibibombe ku nzu yiwe muri Botswana mu 1985. Imana yose ni uko uyu nyakwigendera hamwe n'abandi bose bari basanzwe baba muri iyo nzu ata n'umwe yari ahari. Ukwitanga kwiwe mu rugamba rwo kwibohoza hamwe n'impano idasanzwe mu bijanye n'umuziki vyatumye Gwangwa ahabwa agashimwe kitwa  Ikhamanga in Gold - agashimwe ko ku krwego rwo hejuru mu gihugu. Aka gashimwe yaronse mu 2010 kibutsa ingene "yabaye rurangiranwa kw'isi yose mu buhinga bwiwe nk'umunyatugenegene. Mu myaka irenga 30, yazungurutse isi yose aterwa amashurwe aho yaca hose". Mw'ijambo ryiwe ryo gusezera Jonas Gwangwa, Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa  yasohoye itangazo aho avuga ko "yinjiye mu murwi w'abanyamuziki bakomeye muri kahise kacu, baranzwe n'ubuhinga bukomeye hamwe n'ukwitangira uburenganzira bw'abanya Afrika y'Epfo bose - kandi bagahimiriza isi yose kurwanya intwaro karyanishamiryango ya apartheid". Thabo Mbeki yahoze arongoye igihugu nawe yashimiye uyu mucuraranzi ati: "Kuva mu ntango y'umwuga wiwe, Bra JG, nk'uko yari akunzwe kwitwa mu cubahiro bamuha, yaratahuye akamaro kadasanzwe ko kuvanga akaranga n'utugenegene nk'ikirwanisho nyaco mu rugamba rwo kuhabuza igihugu". "Afadikanije n'abandi bo mu runganwe rwiwe, Gwangwa yarakoresheje inguvu z'umuziki, atari gusa kuryohera abantu, ariko kandi aba icirore c'abanyagihugu yongera aragaragariza isi yose amabi y'ubutegetsi karyanishamiryango bwa apartheid". Akiri muto, Gwangwa yarakunzwe cane n'abakunzi biwe bari barwiriye mu karere ka Sophiatown kari nk'icicaro c'imico y'abirabure mu gisagara ca Johannesburg, gushika aho reta karyanishamiryango ya apartheid  isohoreye itegeko ko kizira ko abirabure bakoranira hamwe, maze ica itangura kubuza ibiteramo vya jazz, hari mu 1960. Ari kumwe n'ibindi bihangange  vya Afrika y'Epfo mu muziki, nka Masekela, Abdullah Ibrahim na Miriam Makeba, Gwangwa yahisemwo guhunga hagupfukamira igikenye ca apartheid. Yatanguye kumenyekana cane kw'isi mu 1965 mu giteramo citiriwe Ijwi rya Afrika (Sound of Africa) i New york ari kumwe n'abandi nka Makeba, Masekela, na Letta Mbulu. Cabaye intango y'igikorwa mpuzamakungu yakoresheje mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ubutegetsi bw'inkehwa z'abazungu rwaguma rutera intambwe uko bukeye uko bwije. Mu 1987, ari kumwe n'umwanditsi w'umuziki w'umwongereza George Fenton, Gwangwa yanditse amajambo y'umuziki w'ireresi yitwa Cry Freedom, ivyatumye ahabwa agashimwe kitiriwe Oscar incuro zibiri. Yararonse kandi n'ubushimwe butari buke muri Afrika y'Epfo. Yashinguranywe iteka ejo ku wa gatanu mu birori vyerekanywe ikibiriraho ku rubuga ngurukanabumenyi rw'iradiyo y'igihugu, bikaba vyashoboye guhuza abataherukana kubera ingingo za coronavirus zo kwitaramura. Urupfu rwa Gwangwa  rubaye inyuma y'indwi zibiri gusa inyuma y'urwo umugore wiwie Violet, rukaba rufatwa nk' uruhombo runini ku muziki wa Afrika y'Epfo.