headline: Hassan Sheikh Mohamud: Prezida mushasha wa Somalia ni nde?
text: Prezida mushasha wa Somalia, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, si mushasha muri ayo mabanga. Yabaye umukuru wa Somalia agira uwa munani kuva mu 2012 gushika mu 2017 aca atsindwa amatora yo mu 2017 n'uwahora ari umukuru w'igihugu Mohamed Abdullahi "Farmajo". Yongeye kwandika amateka ku wa mungu mu gutorwa irigira kabiri mw'ihiganwa rya mbere rikomeye cane muri kahise k'ico gihugu, amatora yashitse ku ncuro ya gatatu. Ukwiyamamaza kw'uwo yahoze aharanira kugarukana amahoro kwari gushingiye ku gusubiza abanya -Somalia hamwe  no kubana mu mahoro n'amakungu - ikintu atibagiwe kugarukako buno nyene agiheza kurahirira amabanga ku wa mbere mu gitondo. Yavuze ati: "Ndabemereye ko tuzokorana cane n'ibihugu bibanyi hamwe n'abo dusanzwe dufashanya mu makungu." Mw'ijwi yumvikana nk'umuntu ashaka gusubiza hamwe kandi yemerera abanya-Somalia ko azokorera bose. Amaherezo yatahukanye ubwiganze bw'amajwi menshi muri ayo matora yabaye mu ncuro zitatu, aho yaronse amajwi 214,  uwo bahiganwa Farmajo akaronka 110, gutyo aca yihora uwari yamurushije mu 2017. Mohamud yari amaze imyaka ibiri iheze  ahanini aba i Mogadishu, aguma yamamaza ko amatora yoba ku gihe kandi nk'uko vyemewe. Yari umwe  mu runani rw'aba-kandida batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bari bateye kubiri n'ingendo ya prezida Farmajo yo kurondera kwongera imyaka ibiri ku kiringo ciwe. Mu kwezi kwa kabiri mu 2021, abajejwe umutekano barateye ihoteri yabamwo i Mogadishu kugira bahagarike imyiyerekano abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bashaka kugira ku murwa mukuru. Ari mu bategetsi bake bagumye muri Somalia mu myaka 30 ico gihugu kimaze mu ntambara yo mu gihugu hagati. Uwo agiye kuba umukuru wa Somalia atoranye igihugu gihanzwe na vyinshi, harimwo n'uruzuba rukaze cane ONU ivuga ko rushobora gutera inzara hamwe atacokorwa. Abantu bashika miriyoni 3.5 bakeneye imfashanyo y'ivyo kurya yihuta kandi barashobora kwicwa n'inzara. Azotegerezwa guhangana kandi n'ubuzima buguma buzimba hamwe n'ibiciro biguma vyiyongera vyaje gusongwa  n'ingwano yo muri Ukraine. Urundi rugamba rumurindiriye n'ingene  intara  zikomeza kutiyumva mu butegetsi mpuzantara, ico kibazo kikaba cagumye mu vyari bihanze ubutegetsi bwahahora. Ni ikibazo asanzwe ashobora gutorera inyishu mu gihe zimwe muri izo ntara ari we yazishinze igihe yatwara ikiringo ca mbere. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko azotegerezwa gusanura imigenderanire n'ibihugu nka Kenya, Djibouti na Reta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE). Ubutetegetsi bwahahora bwarahagaritse imigenderanire na Kenya  ku ncuro zitandukanye  kandi baragiraniye amatati afatiye ku rubibe rwo mu mazi. Mu 2012, yatumye Somalia yongera kugira imigenderanire inyuma y'ama reta y'imfatakibanza, aca asubira kwunga imigenderanire n'ibihugu vya Buraya hamwe n'ivyo muri Afrika. Ariko yaraneguwe cane mu kunanirwa gutorera inyishu ibiturire vyavugwa mu butegetsi bwiwe. Uwo mugabo yavukiye muri Hiran yo hagati mu 1955. Yakuriye mu kibano cifashe muri Mogadishu aca atsinda amashure kuri kaminuza y'igihugu ya Somalia mu gisata c'ubuhinga mu 1981. Abo bakuranye bavuga ko yari umuntu avuga make kandi yicisha bugufi aca aba umwigisha imbere y'uko aja kubandanya amashure kuri kaminuza ya Bhopal mu Buhindi. Agarutse yaciye aja mu bushikiranganji bw'indero aho yashinzwe umugambi w'inderabigisha ku buryo bwa ONU. Igihe reta mpuzantara yatembagara mu 1991, yaciye aja gukora muri Unicef  ajejwe gukurikirana inyigisho, agendera intara zo hagati n'ubumanuko bwa Somalia, ingendo zamufashije kubona "ingene igisata y'amashure cariko kiratabagara." Inyuma y'imyaka itatu yaciye ashinga rimwe mu mashure ya mbere y'intango i Mogadishu kuva intambara yaduka. Afitaniye isano na al-Islah, ishami rya Somalia rya Muslim Brotherhood, ryafashije cane  mu gusubira kuvyura ibijanye n'amashure muri ico gihe c'intambara. Barubutse amashure menshi ashingiye kuri Islam nk'ayo usanga muri Sudan na Misiri ariko akaba ateye kubiri  cane n'umugwi wa jihad al-Shabab  ubu ushamikiye kuri al-Qaeda. Umugabo avugwa kuba umu-Islamist  yoroheje mu gihugu ciganjemwo aba-Islam hafi cose,  Mohamud avugwa kandi ko yigeze kuba afise imigenderanire na Union of Islamist Courts  (UIC),  urufatane rw'ama sentare  mu ntango rwashinzwe n'abagwizatunga kugirango barabe ko bazana amategeko muri ico gihugu kitarangwamwo amategeko inyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'ingwano. UIC zarazanye agahengwe k'amahoro mu gihugu mu 2016, imbere y'uko Ethiopia itera ikazisambura - itewe ubwoba n'uko al-Shabab yariko irazigarurira buke buke. Abamuyoboka bavuga ko mu nyuma yashigikiye igikorwa cose coza kigarukama amahoro n'amaragano. Mu myaka ya 1990, Mohamud yaragize uruhara rukomeye mu mashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za poritike, kandi abantu bamuzi bavuga ko yafashije cane mu gutatura amatati yo mu miryango (clans). Ica mbere yashitseko gikomeye muri iyo nzira kwabaye ukwitaba ibiganiro vyo mu 1997 vyavanyeho icari kizwi nka "Green Line", umurongo wagaburamwo Mogadishu kabiri hagati y'abakuru b'imiryango. Uwo murongo wavugwa na bamwe mu myaka ya 1990 nka "cancer ya  Mogadishu "  watuma ubuzima bugorana cane ku baba muri ico gisagara co kimwe no ku banya-poritike. Mu 2001, yagiye gukora mu kigo c'ubushashakatsi n'ibiganiro (Centre for Research and Dialogue)  nk'umushakashatsi mu gusanura ibihugu bivuye mu ntambara - ikigo  gikunze kunegurwa ko cegamiye cane ibihugu vya Buraya - yaranakoze cane nk'umuhinga w'inzego zitandukanye za ONU mu gihe ca reta mfatakibanza. Ivyo bikorwa nta nkeka ko bizomufasha mu gihe azoba ariko aragerageza kuvana Somalia mu myaka 30 y'ingwano y'urutavanako.