headline: Intambara ya Ukraine: Ingene Russia yarushirije mu kwunga imigenderanire na Africa
text: Uburusiya muri iyi myaka ya vuba buguma  bwongereza uruhara rwabwo muri Afrika none kuva buteye Ukraine, bwiteze ivyo bihugu bishasha bicuditse kubushigikira, canke nibura kutagira uruhande vyegamira mu nzego mpuzamakungu nka ONU. Kuva muri Libya ukaja muri Mali, Centrafrique, Mozamibque n'ahandi, Uburusiya bwagumye bwongereza uruhara -rimwe na rimwe mu buryo bwa gisirikare mu gufasha kurwanya imigwi yitwaje ibigwanisho canke intagondwa z'aba Djihadists. Mu nama ijejwe umutekano ya ONU, igihugu ca Kenya kiyirimwo mu buryo butari  ntayegayezwa, cariyamirije mu majambo atomoye igitero c'Uburusiya kuri Ukraine. Ariko gushika ubu ibindi bihugu ntivyitabiriye cane mu gushigikira aho Kenya ihagaze. Ishirahamwe ry'ibihugu vya Afrika, AU/UA ryashikirije "impungenge zikomeye" ku biriko biraba, ariko ntaco cashikirije mu kunegura Uburusiya". Afrika y'Epfo, isanzwe icuditse n'Uburusiya bisangiye ishirahamwe rya Brics, yasavye ico gihugu kuvana ingabo zaco muri Ukraine, ariko ico gihugu kimenyesha ko kiguma cizeye ko hoboneka inyishu iciye mu mahoro. Hagati aho, umukuru wa Centrafrique, Faustin-Archange Touadéra bivugwa ko yashigikiye ingingo y'Uburusiya yo kwemera intara za Ukraine za Donetsk na Luhansk nk'intara zigenga. Ku wa gatatu, umukuru w'abasirikare bigaruriye ubutegetsi muri Sudan  Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, yagize urugendo i Moscou mu kimenyetso c'imigenderanire irushirije gukomera hagati y'ivyo bihugu vyompi. Kamwe mu turorero tugaragara neza tw'ingene ubucuti bwahindutse muri Afrika kabaye indwi imwe imbere y'uko Uburusiya butera Ukraine mu kurangiza uruhara rw'Ubufaransa mu gukorwa co kurwanya intagondwa muri Mali. Umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Mali  Choguel Maiga yemeje, mu kiganiro na France24, ko igihugu ciwe cagiraniye amasezerano yo gufashanya mu vya gisirikare n'Uburusiya. Ariko yarahakanye ibivugwa ko kompanyi ya gisirikare yo mu Rusiya iteje impari, Groupe Wagner, irimwo muri ayo masezerano. Ubwo bufasha bw'Uburusiya muri Mali, n'ubwo Uburusiya nyene bwoba bwemereye abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi muri Burkina Faso, biri mu ngendo imaze imyaka itanu iheze aho Uburusiya bwakomeje inzira yo kwongereza uruhara rwabwo muri Afrika, mu buryo butandukanye. Mu gihe ugufashanya hagati y'Uburusiya na Afrika kwariko kuratera imbere, inama kaminuza yo mu 2019 yabereye mu gisagara ca Sochi co mu bumanuko bw'Uburusiya yitabwe n'intumwa zivuye mu bihugu vya Afrika birenga 50, harimwo abakuru b'ibihugu 43. Prezida  Vladimir Putin yarashikirije ijambo abategetsi, yibutsa kahise ko gushigikira imihari yo guhabuza intahe yo kwikukira anemera kwongereza urudandazwa hamwe n'imitahe. Ariko hari n'urundi ruhara: gucungera mu buryo butagaragara umutekano w'ama reta mu bihugu bimwe bimwe vya Afrika, biciye mu kwigisha, mw'iperereza no mu bikoresho, hamwe rero n'ikoreshwa ry'abacangero b'abarusiya mu ntambara zo muri Afrika. Nk'uko Putin yabivuze, hari imigenderanire ya kera kuva ku gihe ca URSS, igihe Afrika kari akarere ko kunyinyaniramwo na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ariko kuva URSS isenyutse mu 1991 gushika mu ntango z'imyaka 10 iheze, igihe Uburusiya bukiri ku nzira yo gusubira gufata umurongo, imigenderanire na Afrika nticari icihutirwa. Ico gihe, gusubira kuba igihugu c'igihangange vyaciye biba intego nyamukuru ya poritike yo hanze y'umukuru w'Uburusiya. Mu 2014, Uburusiya bumaze kwigarurira agace ka Ukraine ka Crimee, hamwe n'ibihano mpuzamakungu vyaciye bikurikira, haciye haba itituka rikomeye ry'imigenderanire na Amerika hamwe n'Ishirahamwe rya Buraya. Bubonye ko bushobora kugeramirwa no gukumirwa n'amakugu, Ubususiya bwaciye butangura kuronderera incuti nshasha ahandi. "Kubera ingaruka z'ibihano, Uburusiya bwategerezwa kurondera amasoko mashasha ku bihingurwa vyabwo" nk'uko bivugwa na  Irina Abramova, umuyobozi w'igisata ca Afrika mu kigo Russian National  Academy of Sciences. Ariko Uburusiya bwarondera ibirenze amasoko - bwari bukeneye kwongereza ijambo ryabwo kw'isi. Mu 2014 bwaragiye mu ntambara yo muri Syria, bushigikira Prezida Bashar al-Assad, imwe mu mvo kukaba kwari ukugira bwerekane akajagari Ibihugu vya Buraya vyariko biratera kandi bwerekane ingene Uburusiya bushobora kugakosora. Mu nyuma ya Syria bwaciye bugana umugabane wa Afrika. Irina Filatova, umwigisha w'iteka kuri kaminuza ya Kwa-Zulu Natal  muri Afrika y'Epfo, avuga ko igikorwa ca mbere gikomeye c'Uburusiya muri Afrika kwari ugutesha agaciro uruhara rw'ibihugu vyo mu Burengero, nk'uko vyagenze muri Syria. Bwashaka kwerekana ko abanaya-Buraya, nk'akarorero, bananiwe no gutuza aba-djihadist muri Sahel. Ivyo bwabikora mu nzira zibiri muri Afrika, bufatanya kurungika abigisha ba gisirikare b'igihugu  gufasha mu bihugu bimwe bimwe, hamwe n'amakompanyi yigenga, nka Groupe Wagner, agwana mu bindi. Centrafrique cabaye igihugu ca mbere co muri Afrika aho abacangero b'abarusiya bo muri Wagner bagaragaye mu 2017. Mu nyuma bakurikiwe n'umugwi w'abasirikare urungitswe na reta kuja  gukarihiriza ubwenge abo muri Centrafrique. Intego yabo kwari ugufasha prezida  Touadéra kuguma ku butegetsi. Vyagumye bivugwa cane ko abo bacangero bakora amarorerwa, ariko Uburusiya bwagumye buhakana ko ata muntu n'umwe wabwo yagize uruhara mu vyaha canke intureka ku banyagihugu basanzwe. Abacangero b'abarusiya barakora kandi muri Libya, Sudan, Mozambique na Mali, ku ngero zitandukanye z'ivyo bashikako. Ikindi kimenyetso c'akamaro ka Afrika ku Burusiya, ni uko uwo mugabane wabaye isoko rikomeye ry'ibigwanisho vy'Uburusiya. Hafi ica kabiri c'ibigwanisho vyose vyinjira muri Afrika biva mu Burusiya, nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo c'igihugu kiraba ivyo gushohora hanze. Abagura cane ibigwanisho ni Algeria na Misiri (Egypt), ariko hari n'amasoko mashasha muri Nigeria, Tanzania na Cameroun. Ariko hari akandi kunguko k'ubucuti bukomeye mu vy'imigenderanire. Afrika muri rusangi ifise ikirenga ica kane c'amajwi mu nama ya bose ya ONU, kandi rishobora kuba ijwi rya rusangi rikomeye mu zindi nzego mpuzamakungu. Mu 2021 icegeranyo ku migenderanire ya Africa n'Uburusiya, casohowe n'ishure rya kaminuza Higher School of Economics rya Moscou, kivuga ko ibihugu vya Afrika akenshi muri kahise vyakunze kutagira uruhande vyegamira iyo hageze ku bikorwa vy'Uburusiya. "Nta gihugu na kimwe cigeze gifatira ibihano Uburusiya (inyuma ya 2014). Mu gutora muri ONU ku bibazo vyerekeye Ukraine, vyinshi mu bihugu vyo kuri uwo mugabane bifata ingingo yo kutagira aho vyegamiye," nk'uko icegeranyo kibivuga. Ubu habaye igitero kuri Ukraine, hamwe uko kutagira aho vyegamiye kwobandanya, canke bikerura mu gushigikira, aho utwigoro tw'Uburusiya muri iyi myaka iheze vyoboneka ko twavuyemwo umusaruro.