Appendix 1: Life History Parameter Values Used to Evaluate I& E in the North Atlantic Region The tables in this appendix present the life history parameter values used by EPA to calculate age 1 equivalents, fishery yields, and production foregone from I& E data for the North Atlantic Region facilities. Life history data were compiled from a variety of sources, with a focus on obtaining data on local stocks whenever possible.

Table 1 1: Alewife species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants. Applied to alewives, round herring, and blueback herring.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 0.544 0 0 0.00000128c Larvae 5.5 0 0 0.000220d Juvenile 1 2.57 0 0 0.00478a Age 1+ 1.04 0 0 0.0443a Age 2+ 1.04 0 0 0.139a Age 3+ 1.04 0 0 0.264a Age 4+ 1.04 0 0 0.386a Age 5+ 1.04 0 0 0.489a Age 6+ 1.04 0 0 0.568a Age 7+ 1.04 0 0 0.626a Age 8+ 1.04 0 0 0.667a Age 9+ 1.04 0 0 0.696a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.035 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 2: Alewife species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants. Applied to alewives, round herring, and blueback herring.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) a Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 0.9a 0 0 0.00000128c Larvae 5.75a 0 0 0.00661d Juvenile 1 10.1a 0 0 0.0220d Age 1+ 0.7b 0 0 0.0303a Age 2+ 0.7b 0 0 0.125a Age 3+ 0.7b 0 0 0.348e Age 4+ 0.7b 0.1 0.45 0.443e Age 5+ 0.7b 0.1 0.9 0.496e Age 6+ 0.7b 0.1 1 0.536e Age 7+ 0.7b 0.1 1 0.598e Age 8+ 0.7b 0.1 1 0.723e a Based on alewife in the Delaware Estuary, as provided in Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999b. b Froese and Pauly, 2001. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.035 ( Froese and Pauly, 2001) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on size ( Able and Fahay, 1998). e Scott and Scott, 1988. Table 1 3: American plaice species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000924f Larvae 9.13b 0 0 0.0000173g Age 1+ 0.2c 0 0 0.00537h Age 2+ 0.2c 0.32 0.5 0.0545h Age 3+ 0.2c 0.32 1 0.121i Age 4+ 0.2c 0.32 1 0.212g Age 5+ 0.2c 0.32 1 0.322g Age 6+ 0.2c 0.32 1 0.467g Age 7+ 0.2c 0.32 1 0.652g Age 8+ 0.2c 0.32 1 0.822g Age 9+ 0.2c 0.32 1 1.02g Age 10+ 0.2c 0.32 1 1.25g Age 11+ 0.2c 0.32 1 1.51g Age 12+ 0.2c 0.32 1 1.81g Age 13+ 0.2c 0.32 1 2.15g Age 14+ 0.2c 0.32 1 2.40g Age 15+ 0.2c 0.32 1 2.67g Age 16+ 0.2c 0.32 1 2.96g Age 17+ 0.2c 0.32 1 3.27g Age 18+ 0.2c 0.32 1 3.60g Age 19+ 0.2c 0.32 1 3.96g Age 20+ 0.2c 0.32 1 4.34g Age 21+ 0.2c 0.32 1 4.74g Age 22+ 0.2c 0.32 1 5.17g Age 23+ 0.2c 0.32 1 5.63g Age 24+ 0.2c 0.32 1 5.87g Age 25+ 0.2c 0.32 1 5.94i a Calculated from survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c NOAA, 1993. d O'Brien, 2000. Fraction vulnerable assumed based on size. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 4.970x10 7)* Length( mm) 3.345 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.035 ( Scott and Scott, 1988) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). h Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988) and Ken Shultz. com ( 2001). i Length from KenShultz. com ( 2001).

Table 1 4: American sand lance species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.41 0 0 0.00000126c Larvae 2.97 0 0 0.000220d Juvenile 1 2.90 0 0 0.00119a Age 1+ 1.89 0 0 0.00384a Age 2+ 0.364 0 0 0.00730a Age 3+ 0.364 0 0 0.0113a Age 4+ 0.364 0 0 0.0153a Age 5+ 0.364 0 0 0.0191a Age 6+ 0.364 0 0 0.0225a Table 1 4: American sand lance species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Age 7+ 0.72 0 0 0.0255a Age 8+ 0.72 0 0 0.0280a Age 9+ 0.72 0 0 0.0301a Age 10+ 0.72 0 0 0.0319a Age 11+ 0.72 0 0 0.0333a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.03 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 5: American sand lance species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000126f Larvae 4.19b 0 0 0.000485g Age 1+ 1c 0 0 0.00469g Age 2+ 1c 0 0 0.0313g Age 3+ 1c 0 0 0.0636g Age 4+ 1c 0 0 0.106g Age 5+ 1c 0 0 0.144h Age 6+ 1c 0 0 0.190g Age 7+ 1c 0 0 0.231h Age 8+ 1c 0 0 0.246h Age 9+ 1c 0 0 0.262g a Calculated from survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. Northern sand lance. d Not a recreational or commercial species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 3.2x10 7)* Length( mm) 3.491 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.03 ( Froese and Pauly, 2001) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). h Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 6: Atlantic cod species parameters. Applied to Atlantic cod, Atlantic tomcod, and haddock.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 4.87a 0 0 0.00000567g Larvae 6.75b 0 0 0.00000186h Age 1+ 0.4c 0 0 0.0225i Age 2+ 0.2c 0.29 0.5 0.245i Age 3+ 0.2c 0.29 1 0.628i Age 4+ 0.2c 0.29 1 1.29i Age 5+ 0.2c 0.29 1 2.45i Age 6+ 0.2c 0.29 1 3.33i a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000. d NOAA, 2001. e Mayo and O'Brien, 2001. f Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 8.85x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.031 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 1.7 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001). i Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). Table 1 7: Atlantic Herring species parameters. Applied to Atlantic herring, American shad, and hickory shad.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) b Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) d Eggs 3.36a 0 0 0.00000608e Larvae 6.53a 0 0 0.000222f Age 1+ 0.2b 0.28 0.5 0.0243g Age 2+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.158h Age 3+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.291h Age 4+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.420h Age 5+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.467h Age 6+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.535h Age 7+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.607h Age 8+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.668h Age 9+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.734h Age 10+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.716h Age 11+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.812h Age 12+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.907h Age 13+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.915i Age 14+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.924i Age 15+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.932i Age 16+ 0.2b 0.28 1 0.941i a Calculated from survival ( Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b NOAA, 2001. c Commercial species vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. d Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 1.22x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.328 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). e Calculated from egg diameter of 1.74 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. f Length from Reid et al. ( 1999). g Length from ASMFC ( 2001). h Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). i Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 8: Atlantic mackerel species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) c Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.39a 0 0 0.00000176f Larvae 10.6a 0 0 0.0000008g Age 1+ 0.52b 0 0 0.309h Age 2+ 0.37b 0.25 0.5 0.510h Age 3+ 0.37b 0.25 1 0.639h Age 4+ 0.37b 0.25 1 0.752h Age 5+ 0.37b 0.25 1 0.825h Age 6+ 0.37b 0.25 1 0.918h Age 7+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.02h Age 8+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.10h Age 9+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.13i Age 10+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.15h Age 11+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.22h Age 12+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.22h Age 13+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.22h Age 14+ 0.37b 0.25 1 1.22h a Calculated from survival ( Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Overholtz et al., 1991. c NOAA, 2001. d Recreational and commercial species. Vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 2. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 3.039x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.18 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). Atlantic cod. f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.15 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001). h Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). i Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988). Table 1 9: Atlantic menhaden species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.2 0 0 0.00000482c Larvae 4.47 0 0 0.00022d Juvenile 1 6.19 0 0 0.000684a Age 1+ 0.54 0 0 0.0251a Age 2+ 0.45 1.12 0.5 0.235a Age 3+ 0.45 1.12 1 0.402a Age 4+ 0.45 1.12 1 0.586a Age 5+ 0.45 1.12 1 0.863a Age 6+ 0.45 1.12 1 1.08a Age 7+ 0.45 1.12 1 1.27a Age 8+ 0.45 1.12 1 1.43a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Commercial species. Fraction vulnerable assumed. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.61 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 10: Atlantic menhaden Parameters for the Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) c Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.08a 0 0 0.00000482f Larvae 8.56a 0 0 0.00000068f Age 1+ 0.45b 0 0 0.545d Age 2+ 0.45b 0.8 0.5 0.855d Age 3+ 0.45b 0.8 1 1.08d Age 4+ 0.45b 0.8 1 1.31d Age 5+ 0.45b 0.8 1 1.47d Age 6+ 0.45b 0.8 1 1.59d Age 7+ 0.45b 0.8 1 3.36g Age 8+ 0.45b 0.8 1 5.21h a Calculated from survival ( Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b NOAA, 2001. c Ruppert et al., 1985. d Durbin et al., 1983. e Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 6.02x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.216 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.61 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). h Length assumed based on Durbin et al. ( 1983) and Scott and Scott ( 1988). i Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 11: Atlantic silverside species parameters for Brayton Point Power Plant.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.41 0 0 0.00000473c Larvae 5.81 0 0 0.00022d Juvenile 1 2.63 0 0 0.0049a Age 1+ 3.00 0 0 0.0205a Age 2+ 6.91 0 0 0.0349a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.6 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001). Table 1 12: Atlantic silverside species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000473g Larvae 6.12b 0 0 0.000108h Age 1+ 2.1c 0.19 0.5 0.0101i Age 2+ 2.1c 0.19 1 0.0186i a Calculated from survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d NOAA, 2001. Atlantic herring. e Commercial species. Vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 5.691x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.023 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 1.6 ( Froese and Pauly, 2001) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). i Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 13: Bay anchovy species parameters for Brayton Point Power Plant.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.1 0 0 0.000000517c Larvae 7.19 0 0 0.000220d Juvenile 1 2.09 0 0 0.00104a Age 1+ 2.3 0 0 0.00370a Age 2+ 2.3 0 0 0.00765a Age 3+ 2.3 0 0 0.0126a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. c Calculated from egg diameter of 0.765 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003, deep body anchovy) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 14: Bay anchovy species parameters for Pilgrim Power Plant.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) a Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.04 0 0 0.000000517b Yolksac larvae 1.57 0 0 0.000551c Post yolksac larvae 1 2.11 0 0 0.00108c Post yolksac larvae 2 4.02 0 0 0.00161c Juvenile 1 0.0822 0 0 0.00214c Juvenile 2 0.0861 0 0 0.00267c Juvenile 3 0.129 0 0 0.00320c Juvenile 4 0.994 0 0 0.00373c Age 1+ 1.62 0 0 0.00381a Age 2+ 1.62 0 0 0.00496a Age 3+ 1.62 0 0 0.00505a a Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a. b Calculated from egg diameter of 0.765 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. c Assumed based on Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a. Table 1 15: Blueback herring species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) a Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 0.558 0 0 0.00000115b Yolksac larvae 1.83 0 0 0.00321c Post yolksac larvae 1 1.74 0 0 0.0064c Juvenile 1 3.13 0 0 0.00959c Juvenile 2 3.13 0 0 0.0128c Age 1+ 0.3 0 0 0.016a Age 2+ 0.3 0 0 0.0905a Age 3+ 0.3 0 0 0.204a Age 4+ 0.9 0.1 0.45 0.318a Age 5+ 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.414a Age 6+ 1.5 0.1 1 0.488a Age 7+ 1.5 0.1 1 0.540a Age 8+ 1.5 0.1 1 0.576a a Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a. b Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. c Assumed based on Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a.

Table 1 16: Bluefish species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000115g Larvae 5.27b 0 0 0.00000333h Juvenile 1 5.27b 0 0 0.000116h Age 1+ 0.35c 0.4 0.5 0.540i Age 2+ 0.35c 0.4 1 0.785i Age 3+ 0.35c 0.4 1 1.91i Age 4+ 0.35c 0.4 1 2.45j Age 5+ 0.35c 0.4 1 3.06j Age 6+ 0.35c 0.4 1 3.78j Age 7+ 0.35c 0.4 1 4.58j Age 8+ 0.35c 0.4 1 5.49j Age 9+ 0.35c 0.4 1 6.50j Age 10+ 0.35c 0.4 1 7.64j Age 11+ 0.35c 0.4 1 8.87j Age 12+ 0.35c 0.4 1 10.3i a Calculated from survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c NOAA, 1993. d NOAA, 2001. e Commercial and recreational species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 1.749x10 5)* Length( mm) 2.77 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Wang, 1979) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length from Wang and Kernehan ( 1979). i Length from Clayton et al. ( 1978). j Length assumed based on Clayton et al. ( 1978). Table 1 17: Butterfish species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityd ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.000000396g Larvae 7.56b 0 0 0.00000151h Age 1+ 0.8c 1.6 0.5 0.0272i Age 2+ 0.8c 1.6 1 0.0986i Age 3+ 0.8c 1.6 1 0.944i a Calculated from survival for Atlantic silverside ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) using the using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c NOAA, 2001b. d NOAA, 2001b. F 0.1 for Gulf of Maine  Middle Atlantic. e Commercial species. Fraction vulnerable assumed. f Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 4.0x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.26 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 0.7 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). i Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). Eastern United States.

Table 1 18: Butterfish species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.000000396g Larvae 8.13b 0 0 0.00000151h Age 1+ 0.4c 0.76 0.5 0.0272i Age 2+ 0.4c 0.76 1 0.0986i Age 3+ 0.4c 0.76 1 0.944i a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c NOAA, 1993. d NOAA, 2001. e Commercial and recreational species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 3.6x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.26 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 0.7 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). i Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 19: Cunner species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) c Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) d Eggs 3.49a 0 0 0.000000787e Larvae 5.8a 0 0 0.00000236f Age 1+ 0.831b 0 0 0.00311g Age 2+ 0.831b 0.1 0.5 0.0246g Age 3+ 0.286b 0.1 1 0.0749g Age 4+ 0.342b 0.1 1 0.145g Age 5+ 0.645b 0.1 1 0.229g Age 6+ 1.26b 0.1 1 0.624h a Calculated from survival ( Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000. c Commercial and recreational species, of minimal catch ( Entergy Nuclear Generation Company, 2000). Fishing mortality and fraction vulnerable assumed. d Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 6.0x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.22 = weight( g) ( Serchuk and Cole, 1974). e Calculated from egg diameter of 0.88 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. f Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). g Length from Serchuk and Cole ( 1974). h Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 20: Fourbeard rockling species parameters. Applied to fourbeard rockling and cunner.

Stage Name Natural Mortality Fishing Mortality Fraction Vulnerable Weight ( per stage) ( per stage) d to Fisheryd ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.000000637f Larvae 5.17b 0 0 0.000000896g Age 1+ 0.49c 0 0 0.00403g Age 2+ 0.49c 0 0 0.0347g Age 3+ 0.49c 0 0 0.0848g Age 4+ 0.49c 0 0 0.149g Age 5+ 0.49c 0 0 0.241g Age 6+ 0.49c 0 0 0.331g Age 7+ 0.49c 0 0 0.482g Age 8+ 0.49c 0 0 0.623g Age 9+ 0.49c 0 0 0.788h a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 12.74x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.106 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 0.82 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length assumed based on Froese and Pauly ( 2001). h Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001).

Table 1 21: Grubby species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.0000115f Larvae 4.7b 0 0 0.000359g Age 1+ 0.46c 0 0 0.00404g Age 2+ 0.46c 0 0 0.139g Age 3+ 0.46c 0 0 0.332g Age 4+ 0.46c 0 0 0.420g Age 5+ 0.46c 0 0 0.475g Age 6+ 0.46c 0 0 0.541g Age 7+ 0.46c 0 0 0.576g Age 8+ 0.46c 0 0 0.612g Age 9+ 0.46c 0 0 0.637h a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. Longhorn sculpin. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula for longhorn sculpin: ( 1.034x10 5) * Length( mm) 3.003 = weight( g) ( Clayton et al., 1978). f Calculated from egg diameter of 2.15 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003, shorthorn sculpin) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length assumed based on Clayton et al. ( 1978). h Length for longhorn sculpin from Clayton et al. ( 1978).

Table 1 22: Hogchoker species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.04 0 0 0.000000487c Larvae 5.2 0 0 0.00110d Juvenile 1 2.31 0 0 0.00207a Age 1+ 2.56 0 0 0.0113a Table 1 22: Hogchoker species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Age 2+ 0.705 0 0 0.0313a Age 3+ 0.705 0 0 0.061a Age 4+ 0.705 0 0 0.0976a Age 5+ 0.705 0 0 0.138a Age 6+ 0.705 0 0 0.178a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. c Calculated from egg diameter of 0.75 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 23: Hogchocker species parameters for Pilgrim Power Plant.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.24a 0 0 0.000000487f Larvae 6.73b 0 0 0.00123g Age 1+ 0.25c 0 0 0.00778g Age 2+ 0.25c 0 0 0.0295g Age 3+ 0.25c 0 0 0.0877h Age 4+ 0.25c 0 0 0.190h Age 5+ 0.25c 0 0 0.424h Age 6+ 0.25c 0 0 0.561i a Calculated from survival ( New England Power Company and Marine Research Inc., 1995) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c New England Power Company and Marine Research Inc., 1995. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 1.947x10 4)* Length( mm) 2.658 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 0.75 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). h Length assumed based on Able and Fahay ( 1998) and Froese and Pauly ( 2001). i Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001).

Table 1 24: Little skate species parameters for Millstone Power Plant. Applied to little skate, clearnose skate, and for losses reported as " skates".

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 3.0a 0 0 0.0539g Larvae .307b 0 0 0.0138 Age 1+ 0.4c 0.4 0.5 0.157 Age 2+ 0.4c 0.4 1 0.394 Age 3+ 0.4c 0.4 1 0.750 Age 4+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.15 Age 5+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.51 Age 6+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.62 Age 7+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.65 Age 8+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.72 a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c NOAA, 1993. d NOAA, 2001. e Commercial species assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Weight calculated from length ( Scott and Scott, 1988) for non egg values using the formula: ( 8.32x10 6) * Length( mm) 2.972 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Scott and Scott, 1988) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. Table 1 25: Little skate species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb)

Eggs 2.94a 0 0 0.0539f Larvae 0.252b 0 0 0.0138g Age 1+ 0.4c 0.4 0.5 0.157g Age 2+ 0.4c 0.4 1 0.394g Age 3+ 0.4c 0.4 1 0.750g Age 4+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.15g Age 5+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.51g Age 6+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.62g Age 7+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.65g Age 8+ 0.4c 0.4 1 1.72g a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c NOAA, 1993. d NOAA, 2001. e Commercial species assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Calculated from egg diameter of 36 ( Scott and Scott, 1988) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Weight calculated from length ( Scott and Scott, 1988) for non egg values using the formula: ( 8.32x10 6) * Length( mm) 2.972 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001).

Table 1 26: Lumpfish species parameters. Applied to lumpfish, lumpsucker, gulf snailfish, and Atlantic seasnail.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000317f Larvae 9.39b 0 0 0.000993g Age 1+ 0.19c 0 0 0.0147h Age 2+ 0.19c 0 0 0.0584i Age 3+ 0.19c 0 0 0.149h Age 4+ 0.19c 0 0 0.686i Age 5+ 0.19c 0 0 1.86h a Calculated from survival for Atlantic silverside ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 6.755x10 5)* Length( mm) 2.939 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.4 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length for rock gunnel from Able and Fahay ( 1998). h Length assumed based on Able and Fahay ( 1998).

Table 1 27: Northern pipefish species parameters. Applied to northern pipefish, lined seahorse, and losses reported as " seahorse".

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.000000842f Larvae 3.31b 0 0 0.00168g Age 1+ 0.75c 0 0 0.00871h Age 2+ 0.75c 0 0 0.0124h Age 3+ 0.75c 0 0 0.0168h Age 4+ 0.75c 0 0 0.0222h Table 1 27: Northern pipefish species parameters. Applied to northern pipefish, lined seahorse, and losses reported as " seahorse" ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Age 5+ 0.75c 0 0 0.0285g a Calculated from assumed survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. Broad nosed pipefish. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula for sargassum pipefish: ( 9.407x10 6) * Length( mm) 2.66 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 0.9 ( Scott and Scott, 1988) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). h Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 28: Pollock species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) b Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) d Eggs 0.922 0 0 0.00000154e Larvae 4.07 0 0 0.00000104g Juvenile 6.93 0 0 0.00166f Age 1+ 0.2 0 0 0.657g Age 2+ 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.30g Age 3+ 0.2 0.2 1 1.73g Age 4+ 0.2 0.2 1 3.24g Age 5+ 0.2 0.2 1 4.93g Age 6+ 0.2 0.2 1 5.70g Age 7+ 0.2 0.2 1 6.83g Age 8+ 0.2 0.2 1 8.46g Age 9+ 0.2 0.2 1 9.93g Age 10+ 0.2 0.2 1 12.0g Age 11+ 0.2 0.2 1 14.8g Age 12+ 0.2 0.2 1 16.4g Age 13+ 0.2 0.2 1 18.1g Age 14+ 0.2 0.2 1 19.9g Age 15+ 0.2 0.2 1 21.2g a Saila et al., 1997. b NOAA, 2001. c Commercial and recreational species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 2. d Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 6.894x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.048 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). e Calculated from egg diameter of 1.1 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. f Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). g Length from Saila et al. ( 1997).

Table 1 29: Radiated shanny species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.0000191f Larvae 3.11b 0 0 0.00000948g Age 1+ 0.44c 0 0 0.000622g Age 2+ 0.44c 0 0 0.00415g Age 3+ 0.44c 0 0 0.00846g Age 4+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0151g Age 5+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0194g Table 1 29: Radiated shanny species parameters ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Age 6+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0244g Age 7+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0303g Age 8+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0336h a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 4.125x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.018 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 2.55 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length assumed based on Froese and Pauly ( 2001). h Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001).

Table 1 30: Rainbow smelt species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb)

Eggs 4.44 0 0 0.000000990d Larvae 3.12 0 0 0.00110e Juvenile 1 1.39 0 0 0.00395a Age 1+ 1 0.04 0.5 0.0182a Age 2+ 1 0.04 1 0.046a Age 3+ 1 0.04 1 0.085a Age 4+ 1 0.04 1 0.131a Age 5+ 1 0.04 1 0.180a Age 6+ 1 0.04 1 0.228a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977. c Commercial species. Fraction vulnerable assumed. d Calculated from egg diameter of 0.95 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. e Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 31: Rainbow Smelt species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) c Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 3.32a 0 0 0.000000990f Larvae 2.66a 0 0 0.00273g Age 1+ 0.72b 0.04 0.5 0.0359h Age 2+ 0.72b 0.04 1 0.134h Age 3+ 0.72b 0.04 1 0.289h Age 4+ 0.72b 0.04 1 0.585h Age 5+ 0.72b 0.04 1 0.942h Age 6+ 0.72b 0.04 1 1.27i a Calculated from survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Froese and Pauly, 2001. c Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977. d Assumed based on Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 3.903x10 5)* Length( mm) 2.81 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 0.95 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). h Length assumed based on Able and Fahay ( 1998) and Froese and Pauly ( 2001). i Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001). Table 1 32: Red hake species parameters. Applied to red hake, spotted hake, and white hake.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) b Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) d Eggs 1.22 0 0 0.000000487e Larvae 2mm 0.67 0 0 0.0000000535f Larvae 2.5mm 0.67 0 0 0.000000109f Larvae 3.0mm 0.67 0 0 0.000000194f Larvae 3.5mm 0.67 0 0 0.000000316f Larvae 4.0mm 0.67 0 0 0.000000482f Larvae4.5mm 3.35 0 0 0.000000701f Juvenile 4.83 0 0 0.00145f Age 1+ 0.4 0.39 0.5 0.124f Age 2+ 0.4 0.39 1 0.465g Age 3+ 0.4 0.39 1 0.578g Age 4+ 0.4 0.39 1 0.723g Age 5+ 0.4 0.39 1 0.928g Age 6+ 0.4 0.39 1 1.17h Age 7+ 0.4 0.39 1 1.45h Age 8+ 0.4 0.39 1 1.78h Age 9+ 0.4 0.39 1 2.15h Age 10+ 0.4 0.39 1 2.30g a Saila et al., 1997. b NOAA, 2001. c Commercial species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. d Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula for white hake: ( 2.692x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.172 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). e Calculated from egg diameter of 0.75 ( Able & Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. f Length from Saila et al. ( 1997). g Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). h Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 33: Rock gunnel species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000924f Larvae 2.57b 0 0 0.00000948g Age 1+ 0.44c 0 0 0.00382h Age 2+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0128h Age 3+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0223h Age 4+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0371h Age 5+ 0.44c 0 0 0.0490h a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. Radiated shanny. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishery mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 4.125x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.018 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 2.0 ( Scott and Scott, 1988) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988). h Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). Table 1 34: Sculpin species parameters. Applied to moustache sculpin, longhorn sculpin, shorthorn sculpin, and sea raven.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.0000115f Larvae 4.7b 0 0 0.000359g Age 1+ 0.46c 0 0 0.00404h Age 2+ 0.46c 0 0 0.139h Age 3+ 0.46c 0 0 0.332h Age 4+ 0.46c 0 0 0.420h Age 5+ 0.46c 0 0 0.475h Age 6+ 0.46c 0 0 0.541h Age 7+ 0.46c 0 0 0.576h Age 8+ 0.46c 0 0 0.612h Age 9+ 0.46c 0 0 0.637h a Calculated from assumed survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. Longhorn sculpin. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula for longhorn sculpin: ( 1.034x10 5) * Length( mm) 3.003 = weight( g) ( Clayton et al., 1978). f Calculated from egg diameter of 2.15 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003, shorthorn sculpin) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length assumed based on Clayton et al. ( 1978). h Length from Clayton et al. ( 1978). Longhorn sculpin.

Table 1 35: Scup species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.43 0 0 0.000000773c Larvae 4.55 0 0 0.00110c Juvenile 1 3.36 0 0 0.028a Age 1+ 0.383 0 0 0.132a Age 2+ 0.383 0 0 0.322a Age 3+ 0.383 0.14 0.5 0.572a Age 4+ 0.383 0.14 1 0.845a Age 5+ 0.383 0.14 1 1.12a Age 6+ 0.383 0.14 1 1.37a Age 7+ 0.383 0.14 1 1.59a Age 8+ 0.383 0.14 1 1.78a Age 9+ 0.383 0.14 1 1.94a Age 10+ 0.383 0.14 1 2.07a Age 11+ 0.383 0.14 1 2.23a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b NOAA, 2001b. F 0.1 for Southern New England  Middle Atlantic. c Calculated from egg diameter of 0.875 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001). Table 1 36: Scup species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.000000773g Larvae 5.47b 0 0 0.00107h Age 1+ 0.29c 0.14 0.5 0.073h Age 2+ 0.29c 0.14 1 0.244h Age 3+ 0.29c 0.14 1 0.495i Age 4+ 0.29c 0.14 1 0.806i Age 5+ 0.29c 0.14 1 1.10i Age 6+ 0.29c 0.14 1 1.46i Age 7+ 0.29c 0.14 1 1.88i Age 8+ 0.29c 0.14 1 2.37i Age 9+ 0.29c 0.14 1 2.94i Age 10+ 0.29c 0.14 1 3.58i Age 11+ 0.29c 0.14 1 4.30i Age 12+ 0.29c 0.14 1 4.83i Age 13+ 0.29c 0.14 1 4.97h a Calculated from assumed survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d NOAA, 2001. e Commercial and recreational species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Weight calculated from length using the formula for sheepshead porgy: ( 1.649x10 4)* Length( mm) 2.666 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 0.875 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length from Clayton et al. ( 1978). i Length assumed based on Clayton et al. ( 1978).

Table 1 37: Seaboard goby species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 0.288 0 0 0.0000164b Larvae 4.09 0 0 0.000220c Juvenile 1 2.3 0 0 0.000485a Age 1+ 2.55 0 0 0.00205a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Calculated from egg diameter of 2.42 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. c Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 38: Searobin species parameters. Applied to searobin, northern searobin, and striped searobin.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000132g Larvae 4.57b 0 0 0.0000229h Age 1+ 0.42c 0.1 0.5 0.0231h Age 2+ 0.42c 0.1 1 0.185h Age 3+ 0.42c 0.1 1 0.361h Age 4+ 0.42c 0.1 1 0.564h Age 5+ 0.42c 0.1 1 0.758h Age 6+ 0.42c 0.1 1 0.992h Age 7+ 0.42c 0.1 1 1.17h Table 1 38: Searobin species parameters. Applied to searobin, northern searobin, and striped searobin ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Age 8+ 0.42c 0.1 1 1.27i a Calculated from assumed survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. Northern searobin. d Assumed based on hake ( Saila et al., 1997). e Recreational species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. f Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula for longhorn sculpin: ( 1.034x10 5) * Length( mm) 3.003 = weight( g) ( Clayton et al., 1978). g Calculated from egg diameter of 1.045 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length assumed based on Froese and Pauly ( 2001). i Length from Froese and Pauly ( 2001).

Table 1 39: Silver hake species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityd ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 1.22a 0 0 0.000000842g Larvae 10.5b 0 0 0.00203h Age 1+ 0.36c 0 0 0.164i Age 2+ 0.36c 0 0 0.478i Age 3+ 0.36c 0.39 0.5 0.804i Age 4+ 0.36c 0.39 1 1.48h Age 5+ 0.36c 0.39 1 2.15h Age 6+ 0.36c 0.39 1 3.00h Age 7+ 0.36c 0.39 1 4.06h Age 8+ 0.36c 0.39 1 5.35h Age 9+ 0.36c 0.39 1 6.89h Age 10+ 0.36c 0.39 1 8.72h Age 11+ 0.36c 0.39 1 10.4h Age 12+ 0.36c 0.39 1 11.3i a Saila et al., 1997. Red hake. b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d NOAA, 2001b. F 0.1 for southern stock. e Commercial species. Fraction vulnerable assumed. f Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 3.79x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.17 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). g Calculated from egg diameter of 0.9 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. h Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988). i Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 40: Striped bass species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) b Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.39 0 0 0.0000415c Yolksac larvae 2.22 0 0 0.0154d Post yolksac larvae 5.08 0 0 0.194d Juvenile 1 2.28 0 0 0.291d Juvenile 2 1.0 0 0 0.388d Age 1+ 1.1 0 0 0.485e Age 2+ 0.15 0.31 0.06 2.06e Age 3+ 0.15 0.31 0.2 3.31e Age 4+ 0.15 0.31 0.63 4.93e Age 5+ 0.15 0.31 0.94 6.50e Age 6+ 0.15 0.31 1 8.58e Age 7+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 12.3e Table 1 40: Striped bass species parameters ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) b Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Age 8+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 14.3e Age 9+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 16.1e Age 10+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 18.8e Age 11+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 19.6e Age 12+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 22.4e Age 13+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 27.0e Age 14+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 34.6e Age 15+ 0.15 0.31 0.9 41.5e a Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a. b NOAA, 2001. c Calculated from egg diameter of 3.3 ( Wang, 1986) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Length assumed based on Public Service Electric and Gas Company ( 1999a). e Length from Public Service Electric and Gas Company ( 1999a).

Table 1 41: Striped killifish species parameters.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.0000180f Larvae 2.14b, c 0 0 0.0000182g Age 1+ 0.777c 0 0 0.0121h Age 2+ 0.777c 0 0 0.0327h Age 3+ 0.777c 0 0 0.0551h Age 4+ 0.777c 0 0 0.0778h Age 5+ 0.777c 0 0 0.0967h Age 6+ 0.777c 0 0 0.113h Age 7+ 0.777c 0 0 0.158h a Calculated from survival for Atlantic silverside ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) using the using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Value used for Millstone and Brayton Pont Power Plants only. Larval natural mortality value used for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants was 3.0 based on data from Froese and Pauly, 2001. c Calculated from survival for mummichog ( Meredith and Lotrich, 1979) using the using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length for non egg values using the formula: ( 2.6x10 5)* Length( mm) 2.96 = weight( g) ( Carlander, 1969). f Calculated from egg diameter of 2.5 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). h Length from Carlander ( 1969).

Table 1 42: Tautog species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.4 0 0 0.00000123d Larvae 5.86 0 0 0.0220e Juvenile 1 5.02 0 0 0.0637a Age 1+ 0.175 0 0 0.217a Age 2+ 0.175 0 0 0.440a Age 3+ 0.175 0 0 0.734a Age 4+ 0.175 0 0 1.08a Age 5+ 0.175 0 0 1.48a Age 6+ 0.175 0 0 1.89a Age 7+ 0.175 0 0 2.32a Age 8+ 0.175 0 0 2.76a Age 9+ 0.175 0.15 0.5 3.18a Age 10+ 0.175 0.15 1 3.60a Age 11+ 0.175 0.15 1 4.00a Table 1 42: Tautog species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb)

Age 12+ 0.175 0.15 1 4.38a Age 13+ 0.175 0.15 1 4.73a Age 14+ 0.175 0.15 1 5.07a Age 15+ 0.175 0.15 1 5.38a Age 16+ 0.175 0.15 1 5.67a Age 17+ 0.175 0.15 1 5.94a Age 18+ 0.175 0.15 1 6.19a Age 19+ 0.175 0.15 1 6.42a Age 20+ 0.175 0.15 1 6.63a Age 21+ 0.175 0.15 1 6.82a Age 22+ 0.175 0.15 1 6.99a Age 23+ 0.175 0.15 1 7.15a Age 24+ 0.175 0.15 1 10.0a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b ASMFC, 2000a. F target. c Commercial and recreational species. Fraction vulnerable assumed. d Calculated from egg diameter of 1.02 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. e Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 43: Tautog species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) c Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.53a 0 0 0.00000123f Larvae 9.75a 0 0 0.00000185g Age 1+ 0.06b 0.29 0.5 0.0104h Age 2+ 0.06b 0.29 1 0.183i Age 3+ 0.06b 0.29 1 1.40i Age 4+ 0.06b 0.29 1 3.27i Age 5+ 0.06b 0.29 1 4.62i Age 6+ 0.06b 0.29 1 6.30h a Calculated from survival ( New England Power Company and Marine Research Inc., 1995) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b New England Power Company and Marine Research Inc., 1995. c ASMFC, 2000. d Commercial and recreational species. Assumed to be vulnerable to fishing mortality at age 1. e Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 3.318x10 5)* Length( mm) 2.94 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.02 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Able and Fahay ( 1998). h Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988). i Length assumed based on Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 44: Threespine stickleback species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants. Applied to threespine stickleback, ninespine stickleback, fourspine stickleback, and blackspotted stickleback.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 0.288 0 0 0.00000567c Larvae 2.12 0 0 0.00110d Juvenile 1 1.70 0 0 0.00377a Age 1+ 1.42 0 0 0.00917a Age 2+ 1.42 0 0 0.0112a Age 3+ 1.42 0 0 0.0116a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.7 ( Wang, 1986) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001). Table 1 45: Threespine stickleback species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryd Weight ( lb) e Eggs 2.3a 0 0 0.00000567f Larvae 3.53b 0 0 0.00000127g Age 1+ 0.9c 0 0 0.0000640h Age 2+ 0.9c 0 0 0.000244h Age 3+ 0.9c 0 0 0.000422h Age 4+ 0.9c 0 0 0.00203h a Calculated from survival ( Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977) ( Atlantic silverside) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d Not a commercial or recreational species, thus no fishing mortality. e Weight calculated from length using the formula for sea stickleback: ( 2.10x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.00 = weight( g) ( Froese and Pauly, 2001). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.7 ( Wang, 1986) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Wang ( 1986). h Length from Scott and Scott ( 1988).

Table 1 46: Weakfish species parameters. Applied to weakfish, spot, and northern kingfish.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.04 0 0 0.00000115c Larvae 7.67 0 0 0.0650d Juvenile 1 2.44 0 0 0.130d Juvenile 2 1.48 0 0 0.195a Age 1+ 0.349 0.5 0.1 0.26a Age 2+ 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.68a Age 3+ 0.25 0.5 1 1.12a Age 4+ 0.25 0.5 1 1.79a Age 5+ 0.25 0.5 1 2.91a Age 6+ 0.25 0.5 1 6.21a Age 7+ 0.25 0.5 1 7.14a Age 8+ 0.25 0.5 1 9.16a Age 9+ 0.25 0.5 1 10.8a Age 10+ 0.25 0.5 1 12.5a Age 11+ 0.25 0.5 1 12.5a Age 12+ 0.25 0.5 1 12.5a Age 13+ 0.25 0.5 1 12.5a Age 14+ 0.25 0.5 1 12.5a Age 15+ 0.25 0.5 1 12.5a a Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999. b ASMFC, 2000d. Management goal. c Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on Public Service Electric and Gas Company ( 1999). Table 1 47: White perch species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalitya ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryb Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.42 0 0 0.000000842c Larvae 4.59 0 0 0.00110d Age 1+ 0.693 0 0 0.0516a Age 2+ 0.693 0 0 0.156a Age 3+ 0.543 0.15 0.5 0.248a Age 4+ 0.543 0.15 1 0.331a Age 5+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.423a Age 6+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.523a Age 7+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.613a Age 8+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.658a Age 9+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.794a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b Commercial and recreational species. Fraction vulnerable assumed. c Calculated from egg diameter of 0.9 ( Stanley and Danie, 1983) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. d Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 48: White perch species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) a Fishing Mortality ( per stage) a Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherya Weight ( lb)

Eggs 2.75 0 0 0.000000842b Yolksac larvae 2.1 0 0 0.00946c Post yolksac larvae 3.27 0 0 0.0189c Juvenile 1 0.947 0 0 0.0283c Juvenile 2 0.759 0 0 0.0378c Age 1+ 0.693 0 0 0.0472a Age 2+ 0.693 0 0 0.0567a Age 3+ 0.693 0.15 0.0008 0.103a Age 4+ 0.689 0.15 0.0266 0.150a Age 5+ 1.58 0.15 0.212 0.214a Age 6+ 1.54 0.15 0.48 0.265a Age 7+ 1.48 0.15 0.838 0.356a Age 8+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.387a Age 9+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.516a Age 10+ 1.46 0.15 1 0.619a a Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a. b Calculated from egg diameter of 0.9 ( Stanley and Danie, 1983) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. c Assumed based on Public Service Electric and Gas Company, 1999a. Table 1 49: Windowpane species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants. Applied to windowpane, American fourspot flounder, smallmouth flounder, summer flounder.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb)

Eggs 1.41 0 0 0.00000154d Larvae 6.99 0 0 0.00165e Juvenile 1 2.98 0 0 0.00223a Age 1+ 0.42 0 0 0.0325a Age 2+ 0.42 1.6 0.25 0.122a Age 3+ 0.42 1.6 0.61 0.265a Age 4+ 0.42 1.6 1 0.433a Age 5+ 0.42 1.6 1 0.603a Age 6+ 0.42 1.6 1 0.761a Age 7+ 0.42 1.6 1 0.899a Age 8+ 0.42 1.6 1 1.01a Age 9+ 0.42 1.6 1 1.11a Age 10+ 0.42 1.6 1 1.19a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b NOAA, 2001b. F target for Southern New England  Middle Atlantic. c USGen New England, 2001. d Calculated from egg diameter of 1.1 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. e Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 50: Windowpane species parameters for Pilgrim and Seabrook Power Plants.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisherye Weight ( lb) f Eggs 2.64a 0 0 0.00000154g Larvae 6.47b 0 0 0.00000847 Age 1+ 0.39c 1.6 0.02 0.00634 Age 2+ 0.39c 1.6 0.25 0.0409 Age 3+ 0.39c 1.6 0.61 0.188 Age 4+ 0.39c 1.6 1 0.384 Age 5+ 0.39c 1.6 1 0.548 Age 6+ 0.39c 1.6 1 0.663 Age 7+ 0.39c 1.6 1 0.808 Age 8+ 0.39c 1.6 1 2.53 a Calculated from survival ( New England Power Company and Marine Research Inc., 1995) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from extrapolated survival using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Froese and Pauly, 2001. d NOAA, 2001. e USGen New England, 2001. Winter flounder. f Weight calculated from length ( Clayton et al., 1978) for non egg values using the formula: ( 2.10x10 6) * Length( mm) 3.00 = weight( g) ( Clayton et al., 1978). g Calculated from egg diameter of 1.1 ( Froese and Pauly, 2003) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. Table 1 51: Winter flounder species parameters for Millstone and Brayton Point Power Plants. Applied to winter founder, yellowtail founder, witch flounder, and smooth flounder.

Stage Name Natural Mortalitya ( per stage) Fishing Mortalityb ( per stage) Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb)

Eggs 0.288 0 0 0.00000115d Larvae 1 2.05 0 0 0.00441e Larvae 2 3.42 0 0 0.0110e Larvae 3 3.52 0 0 0.0176e Larvae 4 0.177 0 0 0.022e Juvenile 1 2.38 0 0 0.033a Age 1+ 1.1 0.24 0.01 0.208a Age 2+ 0.924 0.24 0.29 0.562a Age 3+ 0.2 0.24 0.8 0.997a Age 4+ 0.2 0.24 0.92 1.42a Age 5+ 0.2 0.24 0.83 1.78a Age 6+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.07a Age 7+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.29a Age 8+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.45a Age 9+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.57a Age 10+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.65a Age 11+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.71a Age 12+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.75a Age 13+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.78a Age 14+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.80a Age 15+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.82a Age 16+ 0.2 0.24 0.89 2.83a a PG& E National Energy Group, 2001. b NOAA, 2001b. F target for Southern New England  Middle Atlantic. c Colarusso, 2000. d Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. e Assumed based on PG& E National Energy Group ( 2001).

Table 1 52: Winter flounder species parameters for Pilgrim Power Plant.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) e Eggs 5.39a 0 0 0.00000115f Larvae 1 0.354b 0 0 0.000000442g Larvae 2 0.708b 0 0 0.00000108g Larvae 3 2.83b 0 0 0.00000933g Larvae 4 0.708b 0 0 0.0000135g Juvenile 1.77b 0 0 0.000161h Age 1+ 0.2c 0.24 0.01 0.012i Age 2+ 0.2c 0.24 0.29 0.182i Age 3+ 0.2c 0.24 0.8 0.425i Age 4+ 0.2c 0.24 0.92 0.738i Age 5+ 0.2c 0.24 0.83 1.08i Age 6+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 1.40i Age 7+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 1.69i Age 8+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 1.94i Age 9+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.16i Age 10+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.33i Age 11+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.49i Table 1 52: Winter flounder species parameters for Pilgrim Power Plant ( cont.).

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) e Age 12+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.61i a Calculated from survival ( PG& E Generating and Marine Research Inc., 1999) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from survival ( Saila et al., 1997) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Colarusso, 2000. d NOAA, 2001. e Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 6.591x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.109 = weight( g) ( Colarusso, 2000). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Saila et al. ( 1997). h Length assumed based on Saila et al. ( 1997) and Colarusso ( 2000). i Length from Colarusso ( 2000).

Table 1 53: Winter flounder species parameters for Seabrook Power Plant.

Stage Name Natural Mortality ( per stage) Fishing Mortality ( per stage) d Fraction Vulnerable to Fisheryc Weight ( lb) e Eggs 5.39a 0 0 0.00000115f Larvae 3mm 0.354b 0 0 0.000000442g Larvae 3.5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.000000714g Larvae 4mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000108g Larvae 4.5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000156g Larvae 5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000216g Larvae 5.5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000291g Larvae 6mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000382g Larvae 6.5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000489g Larvae 7mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000616g Larvae 7.5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000764g Larvae 8mm 0.354b 0 0 0.00000933g Larvae 8.5mm 0.354b 0 0 0.0000113g Larvae 9mm 0.354b 0 0 0.0000135g Juvenile 1.77b 0 0 0.000161h Age 1+ 0.2c 0.24 0.01 0.012i Age 2+ 0.2c 0.24 0.29 0.182i Age 3+ 0.2c 0.24 0.8 0.425i Age 4+ 0.2c 0.24 0.92 0.738i Age 5+ 0.2c 0.24 0.83 1.08i Age 6+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 1.40i Age 7+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 1.69i Age 8+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 1.94i Age 9+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.16i Age 10+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.33i Age 11+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.49i Age 12+ 0.2c 0.24 0.89 2.61i a Calculated from survival ( PG& E Generating and Marine Research Inc., 1999) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). b Calculated from survival ( Saila et al., 1997) using the equation: ( natural mortality) =  LN( survival)  ( fishing mortality). c Colarusso, 2000. d NOAA, 2001. e Weight calculated from length using the formula: ( 6.591x10 6)* Length( mm) 3.109 = weight( g) ( Colarusso, 2000). f Calculated from egg diameter of 1.0 ( Able and Fahay, 1998) using the equation V=

diameter( cm) 3/ 6. g Length from Saila et al. ( 1997). h Length assumed based on Saila et al. ( 1997) and Colarusso ( 2000). i Length from Colarusso ( 2000).

P:\ INTAKE\ IntakeIV\ NODA\ LifeHistoryNoAtlantic. wpd


[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 135 (Thursday, July 14, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 41537-41539]
[FR Doc No: 2011-17682]

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-64841; File No. SR-FINRA-2011-032]

Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of
Proposed Rule Change To Implement Revolving Door Restrictions on Former
Officers of FINRA

July 8, 2011.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given that
on July 1, 2011, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
(``FINRA'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC''
or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I,
II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by FINRA. FINRA has
designated the proposed rule change as concerned solely with the
administration of the self-regulatory organization under Section
19(b)(3)(A)(iii) of the Act \3\ and Rule 19b-4(f)(3) thereunder,\4\
which renders the proposal effective upon receipt of this filing by the
Commission. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(iii).
    \4\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(3).
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change

    FINRA is proposing to amend (i) FINRA Rule 9141 (Appearance and
Practice; Notice of Appearance) to prohibit a former officer of FINRA,
for a period of one year after termination of employment with FINRA,
from making an appearance before an adjudicator on behalf of any other
person under the FINRA Rule 9000 Series; and (ii) FINRA Rule 9242 (Pre-
hearing Submission) to prohibit a former officer of FINRA, for a period
of one year after termination of employment with FINRA, from providing
expert testimony on behalf of any other person under the FINRA Rule
9000 Series.
    The text of the proposed rule change is available on FINRA's Web
site at http://www.finra.org, at the principal office of FINRA and at
the Commission's Public Reference Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, FINRA included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in
Item IV below. FINRA has prepared summaries, set forth in sections A,
B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    FINRA seeks to diligently uphold a high degree of fairness in
disciplinary and similar proceedings that take place before FINRA
hearing panels and other FINRA adjudicators. To further this goal,
FINRA is amending two procedural rules that will prevent former FINRA
officers--for one year--from appearing on behalf of a client before a
FINRA adjudicator or testifying as an expert witness in a FINRA forum.
    The FINRA Rule 9000 Series is FINRA's Code of Procedure (the
``Code'') and provides detailed procedures for initiating and
adjudicating various types of actions, including disciplinary,
eligibility, expedited, and cease and desist proceedings. FINRA is
imposing a temporal forum appearance prohibition under the Code on
FINRA officers that restricts former officers from acting in two
different capacities in a FINRA forum (``Revolving Door
Restrictions''). The proposed rule change maintains the perception of
fairness and safeguards against former FINRA officers potentially
exerting undue influence in FINRA proceedings. Although FINRA is not
aware of any instances of former officers exerting undue influence in
FINRA's disciplinary and similar forums, FINRA seeks to prevent such an
incident by implementing the Revolving Door Restrictions under the
Code.
    First, the proposed rule change addresses a former officer
appearing as a lawyer in FINRA's forum. FINRA Rule 9141 governs, among
other things, the appearance and practice of lawyers before an
adjudicator under the Code.\5\ The proposed rule change amends FINRA
Rule 9141 to prohibit a former FINRA officer, for a period of one year
after termination of employment with FINRA, from making an appearance
before an adjudicator on behalf of any other person under the FINRA
Rule 9000 Series. The proposed rule change accordingly restricts former
FINRA officers who are attorneys from appearing on behalf of clients
before Hearing Officers, Hearing Panels, the National Adjudicatory
Council, and the FINRA Board of Governors.\6\ While the most common
impact of the proposed rule change will be to prohibit a former FINRA
officer from appearing on behalf of a respondent, the prohibition also
applies to a former FINRA officer appearing on behalf of a witness who
is not a respondent but is testifying before a Hearing Panel, Hearing
Officer, or other adjudicator.
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    \5\ See FINRA Rule 9141(b) (requiring attorneys that seek to
represent a party in a FINRA proceeding to be licensed to practice
law before the highest court of any state).
    \6\ FINRA Rule 9120(a) defines the term ``Adjudicator.'' For
purposes of the proposed rule change, ``adjudicator'' includes the
FINRA Board of Governors, when it is calling a case for review, see
FINRA Rule 9351, a Subcommittee, Review Subcommittee or Extended
Proceeding Committee of the National Adjudicatory Council, see FINRA
Rule 9331 and FINRA Regulation By-Law Article V, Sec. 5.13, a
Hearing Officer, see FINRA Rule 9120(r), a Hearing Panel, see FINRA
Rule 9120(s), a Hearing Panel in an eligibility proceeding or the
Statutory Disqualification Committee, see FINRA Rule 9524(a)(1) and
(10), and the Waiver Subcommittee, see FINRA Rule 9630.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Second, the Revolving Door Restrictions amend FINRA Rule 9242 to
prohibit a former officer of FINRA, for a period of one year after
termination of employment with FINRA, from providing expert testimony
on behalf of a respondent under the FINRA Rule 9000 Series. The
proposed rule change makes clear, however, that nothing in the rule
prohibits a former officer of FINRA from testifying as either a fact
witness or as an expert witness on behalf of FINRA.
    The Revolving Door Restrictions are designed to provide clear
boundaries that limit specific activities of former FINRA officers in a
manner that is consistent with restrictions currently imposed on other
regulators in the securities industry.\7\ One aspect of the
restrictions focuses on a former FINRA officer's appearance before a
FINRA adjudicator because that event is recorded in a written notice
that is currently required under the Code.\8\ Moreover, once a matter
is pending before an adjudicator, both the prohibitions on appearing
before an adjudicator and testifying as an expert witness can be
enforced quickly in the context of a pending FINRA proceeding either
directly by the adjudicator or through a motion to disqualify the
former FINRA officer, which is filed with the adjudicator.\9\ In sum,
the proposed rule change is designed to create restrictions that are
precisely defined and straightforward to enforce.
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    \7\ FINRA officers include Vice Presidents, Senior Vice
Presidents, and higher ranking FINRA executives.
    \8\ See FINRA Rule 9141(b).
    \9\ FINRA Rule 9150 authorizes an adjudicator to exclude an
attorney from acting as counsel in FINRA disciplinary and similar
proceedings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Although FINRA's proposed rule change will serve as one safeguard
against unfairness in its proceedings, it is not the only safeguard.
Former FINRA employees, whether officers or not, who are attorneys that
seek to represent a client in a FINRA proceeding must, as noted
earlier, be licensed to practice law before the highest court of any
state.\10\ The vast majority of state jurisdictions have adopted rules
of professional conduct that are based on the American Bar
Association's Model Rules of Professional Conduct.\11\ Model Rule
1.9(a) addresses a lawyer's conflict of interest regarding a former
client and prohibits a lawyer who has represented a client in a matter
from subsequently representing any other person in that matter or a
substantially related matter when that person's interests are
materially adverse to the interests of the former client.\12\ For
example, in a FINRA disciplinary case, this means that FINRA Department
of Enforcement attorneys who have litigated for FINRA and have ended
their FINRA employment may not subsequently represent any respondent in
appeals in that case, any other continuing litigation in that case, or
a substantially related matter in which the respondent's interests are
materially adverse to FINRA's interests.\13\ By augmenting the
protections imposed by state bar ethical rules with the Revolving Door
Restrictions, FINRA believes that it will further insulate its
proceedings from the appearance of any undue influence.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ See FINRA Rule 9141(b).
    \11\ Richard Acello, New York Makes Itself a `Model' State:
California Now the Only Holdout on Adopting ABA Model Rules, 95 ABA
J., Sept. 2009, at 22.
    \12\ The ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct (2010),
available at http://www.americanbar.org.
    \13\ A conflict of interest may be waived by a former client who
gives informed consent. Model Rule 1.9(a) and comment 9 (2010).
FINRA, as the former client with the option to waive, does not
anticipate waiving any such conflicts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA has filed the proposed rule change for immediate
effectiveness. The implementation date will be July 2, 2012.
2. Statutory Basis
    FINRA believes that the proposed rule change is consistent with the
provisions of Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act,\14\ which

requires, among other things, that FINRA rules must be designed to
prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just
and equitable principles of trade, and, in general, to protect
investors and the public interest. FINRA believes that the proposed
rule change will maintain the perception of fairness in its
disciplinary and similar proceedings and will safeguard against former
FINRA officers potentially exerting undue influence in FINRA
proceedings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ 15 U.S.C. 78o-3(b)(6).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    FINRA does not believe that the proposed rule change will result in
any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in
furtherance of the purposes of the Act.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    Written comments were neither solicited nor received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action

    The foregoing rule change has become effective pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A) of the Act \15\ and paragraph (f)(3) of Rule 19b-4
thereunder.\16\ At any time within 60 days of the filing of the
proposed rule change, the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend
such rule change if it appears to the Commission that such action is
necessary or appropriate in the public interest, for the protection of
investors, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. If
the Commission takes such action, the Commission shall institute
proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule should be approved
or disapproved.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A).
    \16\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an e-mail to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please include
File Number SR-FINRA-2011-032 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-FINRA-2011-032. This
file number should be included on the subject line if e-mail is used.
To help the Commission process and review your comments more
efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all
comments on the Commission's Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml).
    Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and printing in
the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE., Washington,
DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3
p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection and
copying at the principal office of FINRA. All comments received will be
posted without change; the Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make available publicly.
    All submissions should refer to File Number SR-FINRA-2011-032 and
should be submitted on or before August 4, 2011.
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    \17\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\17\
Cathy H. Ahn,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2011-17682 Filed 7-13-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


From: "Bromberg, Kevin L."<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To: Melanie King/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA
Cc: RobertJ Wayland/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, <EMAIL_ADDRESS>JohnB Chamberlin/DC/USEPA/US@EPA
Date: 04/19/2012 04:48 PM
Subject: RE: RICE Reconsideration

I didn’t want to bother Cortney with this type of question.  Now everyone can have these handy
tables. Thx

Hi Cortney!

From: Melanie King<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Sent: Thursday, April 19, 2012 4:44 PM
To: Bromberg, Kevin L.
Cc: RobertJ Wayland<EMAIL_ADDRESS>JohnB Chamberlin
Subject: Re: RICE Reconsideration
Hi,
EPA Region 1 has a good website that has some handy tables, which are taken from a presentation I
did. Links to both are below. Also, I believe since the rule it at OMB now for interagency review, it would
be a good idea if you could route questions through Cortney.

http://www.epa.gov/region1/rice/

http://www.epa.gov/apti/video/pdfs/RICENESHAP-NETIwebinar12-7-11.pdf

Melanie King
Energy Strategies Group
Sector Policies and Programs Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Mail Code D243-01
RTP, NC 27711
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
 "Bromberg, Kevin L." ---04/19/2012 04:26:16 PM---Hi Melanie - Is there a good table on the EPA
website listing the current SI and CI

From: "Bromberg, Kevin L."<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To: Melanie King/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA
Cc: RobertJ Wayland/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA
Date: 04/19/2012 04:26 PM
Subject: RICE Reconsideration

Hi Melanie -
Is there a good table on the EPA website listing the current SI and CI RICE requirements by
engine size, and status (existing, new)? I’m reviewing the new proposal. Hope all is well.
Kevin
Kevin Bromberg | Assistant Chief Counsel for Environmental Policy | SBA Office of Advocacy | 409 3rd St. SW,
Washington, DC 20416 | p 202/205-6964 | f 202/481-2963 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| website | listserv | blog |
Facebook | twitter |


MEMORANDUM

DATE:		November 21, 2014

TO:		Carbon Power Plan for Existing Power Plants; Docket Id: OAR - 2013-0602

FROM:	Region 7, EPA

SUBJECT:	July 8 2014, Conference Call Regarding Proposed Carbon Power Plan for Existing Power Plants  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY

      Josh Tapp of EPA gave a brief presentation on July 8, 2014, to the Mid America Regional Council (MARC). The majority of the presentation centered on highlighting the four major building blocks in the Carbon Power Plan for Existing Power Plants. The Carbon Power Plan for Existing Power Plants was proposed on June 2, 2014.        ATTENDEES

EPA Region 7: Joshua Tapp

Other Attendees included members of MARC and its stakeholders  -  attendee list not available.


[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 10 (Thursday, January 15, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Page 2101]
[FR Doc No: 2014-30495]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[FRL-9921-14-OW]

Notice of a Public Meeting: The National Drinking Water Advisory
Council's (NDWAC) Lead and Copper Rule Working Group Meeting

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice of a public meeting.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces a
public meeting of the National Drinking Water Advisory Council's Lead
and Copper Rule Working Group (LCRWG). The meeting is scheduled for
February 5 and 6, 2015, in Arlington, Virginia. During this meeting,
the LCRWG will focus discussions on the Lead and Copper Rule revisions
and developing the first draft of the working group's report to the
Council.

DATES: The meeting on February 5, 2015, will be held from 9:00 a.m. to
5:00 p.m., eastern time, and on February 6, 2015, from 9:00 a.m. to
3:00 p.m., eastern time.

ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held at the Cadmus Group, Inc., 1555
Wilson Blvd., Suite 300, Arlington, Virginia, and will be open to the
public. All attendees must sign in with the security desk and show
photo identification to enter the building.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For more information about this
meeting or to request written materials contact Lameka Smith, Standards
and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking
Water, by phone at<PHONE_NUMBER> or by email at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For additional information about the Lead and
Copper Rule, please visit EPA's Web site at http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/lcr/index.cfm.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Details about Participating in the Meeting: Members of the public
who would like to register for this meeting should contact Lameka Smith
by February 3, 2015, by email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or by phone at
(202) 564-1629. The LCRWG will allocate 15 minutes for the public's
input at the meeting on February 5th and 15 minutes on February 6th.
Each oral statement will be limited to five minutes at the meeting. The
LCRWG prefers that only one person present a statement on behalf of a
group or an organization. To ensure adequate time for public
involvement, individuals or organizations interested in presenting an
oral statement should notify Lameka Smith no later than February 3,
2015. Any person who wishes to file a written statement can do so
before or after the LCRWG meeting. Written statements intended for the
meeting must be received before February 2, 2015, to be distributed to
all members of the working group before the meeting. Any statements
received on or after the date specified will become part of the
permanent file for the meeting and will be forwarded to the LCRWG
members for their information.
    Special Accommodations: For information on access or to request
special accommodations for individuals with disabilities contact Lameka
Smith at<PHONE_NUMBER> or by email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>at least
10 days prior to the meeting to give EPA as much time as possible to
process your request.

    Dated: December 22, 2014.
Rebecca M. Clark,
Acting Director, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
[FR Doc. 2014-30495 Filed 1-14-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


[Federal Register: March 31, 2010 (Volume 75, Number 61)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 16010-16012]
[DOCID:fr31mr10-13]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 165

[Docket No. USCG-2010-0198]
RIN 1625-AAOO

Safety Zone; Red River, MN

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Temporary final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Coast Guard Captain of the Port (COTP), Marine Safety Unit
Duluth, MN is establishing a temporary safety zone on the waters of the
Red River, MN. This safety zone is being established to ensure the
safety of the public. The safety zone will prevent individuals from
entering all navigable waters of the Red River in the State of
Minnesota north of a line drawn across latitude 46[deg]20'00'' N,
including those portions of the river in Wilkin, Clay, Norman, Polk,
Marshall and Kittson counties, to the United States-Canada
international border.

DATES: Effective Date: This rule is effective in the CFR from March 31,
2010 until 5 p.m. on April 24, 2010. This rule is effective with actual
notice for purposes of enforcement beginning 12 p.m. March 19, 2010.

ADDRESSES: Documents indicated in this preamble as being available in
the docket are part of docket USCG-2010-0198 and are available online
by going to http://www.regulations.gov, inserting USCG-2010-0198 in the
``Keyword'' box, and then clicking ``Search.'' They are also available
for inspection or copying at the Docket Management Facility (M-30),
U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room
W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this
temporary rule, call or e-mail Aaron L. Gross, Chief of Port
Operations, Marine Safety Unit Duluth, Coast Guard; telephone 218-720-
5286 ext 111, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you have questions on
viewing the docket, call Renee V. Wright, Program Manager, Docket
Operations, telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Regulatory Information

    The Coast Guard is issuing this temporary final rule without prior
notice and opportunity to comment pursuant to authority under section
4(a) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(b)). This
provision authorizes an agency to issue a rule without prior notice and
opportunity to comment when the agency for good cause finds that those
procedures are ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public
interest.'' Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the Coast Guard finds that good
cause exists for not publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM)
with respect to this rule because immediate action is necessary to
provide for the safety of life and property on navigable waters.
    Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good cause
exists for making this rule effective less than 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register. Good cause for making this rule
effective less than 30 days after publication exists because delaying
the effective date would be contrary to public interest because of the
dangers associated with emergency flooding conditions on the Red River.

Background and Purpose

    Flooding conditions along the Red River have created serious
dangers to the boating public. The strong currents and floating debris
associated with the flooding of the Red River necessitate the Coast
Guard limiting access to the portions of the river affected by this
rule in order to protect the public.
    This temporary safety zone is necessary to ensure the safety of the
public from hazards involved with the flooding of the Red River.
Restricted access to the Red River by the public will help ensure the
safety of persons and property along the Red River.

Discussion of Rule

    The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone to
encompass certain waters of the Red River in the Duluth Captain of the
Port (COTP) Zone. The safety zone will prevent individuals from
entering all navigable waters of the Red River in the State of
Minnesota north of a line drawn across latitude 46[deg]20'00'' N,
including those portions of the river in Wilkin, Clay, Norman, Polk,
Marshall and Kittson counties, to the United States-Canada
international border.
    The COTP may stop enforcement of this safety zone before 5 p.m. on
April

24, 2010 if river conditions change such that enforcement of the safety
zone is no longer necessary for the public's safety. COTP will notify
the public via a Broadcast Notice to Mariners.

Regulatory Analyses

    We developed this rule after considering numerous statutes and
executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses
based on 13 of these statutes or executive orders.

Regulatory Planning and Review

    This rule is not a significant regulatory action under section 3(f)
of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, and does not
require an assessment of potential costs and benefits under section
6(a)(3) of that Order. The Office of Management and Budget has not
reviewed it under that Order.

Small Entities

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-612), we have
considered whether this rule would have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities. The term ``small entities''
comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations that are
independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their fields,
and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than 50,000.
    The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this rule will
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. This rule will affect the following entities, some of which
may be small entities: The owners or operators of vessels intending to
transit or anchor in the portions of the Red River affected by this
safety zone.
    This safety zone will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities for the following reasons: Few
small business entities operate on the affected portion of the river
and this rule will be enforced for a limited time, only until the Red
River is deemed safe to transit.

Assistance for Small Entities

    Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we offer to assist small
entities in understanding the rule so that they can better evaluate its
effects on them and participate in the rulemaking process.
    Small businesses may send comments on the actions of Federal
employees who enforce, or otherwise determine compliance with, Federal
regulations to the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory
Enforcement Ombudsman and the Regional Small Business Regulatory
Fairness Boards. The Ombudsman evaluates these actions annually and
rates each agency's responsiveness to small business. If you wish to
comment on actions by employees of the Coast Guard, call 1-888-REG-FAIR
(1-888-734-3247). The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small
entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy or
action of the Coast Guard.

Collection of Information

    This rule calls for no new collection of information under the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520).

Federalism

    A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132,
Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on State or local
governments and would either preempt State law or impose a substantial
direct cost of compliance on them. We have analyzed this rule under
that Order and have determined that it does not have implications for
federalism.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary
regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may
result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 (adjusted for
inflation) or more in any one year. Though this rule will not result in
such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere
in this preamble.

Taking of Private Property

    This rule will not cause a taking of private property or otherwise
have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights.

Civil Justice Reform

    This rule meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2)
of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation,
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.

Protection of Children

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13045, Protection
of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. This rule
is not an economically significant rule and does not create an
environmental risk to health or risk to safety that may
disproportionately affect children.

Indian Tribal Governments

    This rule does not have tribal implications under Executive Order
13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments,
because it does not have a substantial direct effect on one or more
Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.

Energy Effects

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13211, Actions
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use. We have determined that it is not a ``significant
energy action'' under that order because it is not a ``significant
regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy. The Administrator of the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs has not designated it as a significant energy
action. Therefore, it does not require a Statement of Energy Effects
under Executive Order 13211.

Technical Standards

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) (15
U.S.C. 272 note) directs agencies to use voluntary consensus standards
in their regulatory activities unless the agency provides Congress,
through the Office of Management and Budget, with an explanation of why
using these standards would be inconsistent with applicable law or
otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical
standards (e.g., specifications of materials, performance, design, or
operation; test methods; sampling procedures; and related management
systems practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus
standards bodies.
    This rule does not use technical standards. Therefore, we did not
consider the use of voluntary consensus standards.

Environment

    We have analyzed this rule under Department of Homeland Security
Management Directive 023-01 and Commandant Instruction M16475.lD, which
guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321-4370f), and

have concluded this action is one of a category of actions that do not
individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human
environment. This rule is categorically excluded, under figure 2-1,
paragraph (34)(g), of the Instruction. This rule involves the
establishment of a temporary safety zone to protect the public from
dangerous water conditions. An environmental analysis checklist and a
categorical exclusion determination are available in the docket where
indicated under ADDRESSES.

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165

    Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways.

0
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard amends 33
CFR part 165 as follows:

PART 165--REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS

0
1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 1226, 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701, 3306,
3703; 50 U.S.C. 191, 195; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, and 160.5;
Pub. L. 107-295, 116 Stat. 2064; Department of Homeland Security
Delegation No. 0170.1.

0
2. Add Sec.  165.T09-0198 to read as follows:

Sec.  165.T09-0198  Safety zone; Red River, MN.

    (a) Location. The following area is a temporary safety zone: All
navigable waters of the Red River in the State of Minnesota north of a
line drawn across latitude 46[deg]20'00'' N, including those portions
of the river in Wilkin, Clay, Norman, Polk, Marshall and Kittson
counties, to the United States-Canada international border.
    (b) Enforcement period. This rule is effective from 12 p.m. on
March 19, 2010 until 5 p.m. on April 24, 2010. If the river conditions
change such that enforcement of the safety zone is unnecessary prior to
5 p.m. on April 24, 2010, the COTP will notify the public via a
Broadcast Notice to Mariners.
    (c) Regulations. (1) In accordance with the general regulations in
section 165.23 of this part, entry into, transiting, or anchoring
within this safety zone is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain
of the Port Duluth, or his designated on-scene representative.
    (2) This safety zone is closed to all vessel traffic, except as may
be permitted by the Captain of the Port Duluth or his designated on-
scene representative.
    (3) The ``on-scene representative'' of the Captain of the Port is
any Coast Guard commissioned, warrant or petty officer who has been
designated by the Captain of the Port to act on his behalf. The on-
scene representative of the Captain of the Port will be aboard either a
Coast Guard or Coast Guard Auxiliary vessel. The Captain of the Port or
his designated on-scene representative may be contacted via VHF Channel
16.
    (4) Vessel operators desiring to enter or operate within the safety
zone shall contact the Captain of the Port Duluth or his on-scene
representative to obtain permission to do so. Vessel operators given
permission to enter or operate in the safety zone must comply with all
directions given to them by the Captain of the Port Duluth or his on-
scene representative.

    March 19, 2010.
M.P. Lebsack,
Commander, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port Duluth.
[FR Doc. 2010-7158 Filed 3-30-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P