in subpart C of this part:
    (1) Cold temperature CO standards. These cold temperature CO
standards are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles. These
standards apply for testing at low-altitude conditions and high-
altitude conditions. Cold temperature CO exhaust emission standards
apply when measured using the test procedures specified in subpart C of
this part, as follows:
    (i) For LDVs and LDT1s, the standard is 10.0 g/mile CO.
    (ii) For LDT2s, LDT3s and LDT4s, the standard is 12.5 grams per
mile CO.
    (2) Cold temperature NMHC standards. Fleet average cold temperature
NMHC standards are applicable only to gasoline-fueled vehicles, and
apply equally to certification and in-use except as otherwise specified
in Sec.  86.1811-10(u) for in-use standards for applicable phase-in
models. Testing with other fuels such as E85, or testing on diesel
vehicles, is not required. Multi-fuel, bi-fuel or dual-fuel vehicles
must comply with requirements using gasoline only.
    (i) The standards are shown in the following table:

    Table 5 of Sec.   86.1811-17--Fleet Average Cold Temperature NMHC
                       Exhaust Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Cold temperature
                                                          NMHC sales-
               Vehicle weight category                   weighted fleet
                                                        average standard
                                                            (g/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDVs & LLDTs (<=6,000 lbs GVWR)......................                0.3
HLDTs >6,000 lbs GVWR................................                0.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (ii) The manufacturer must calculate its fleet average cold
temperature NMHC emission level(s) as described in Sec.  86.1864-10(m).
    (iii) The standards specified in this paragraph (g)(2) apply only
for testing at low-altitude conditions. However, manufacturers must
submit an engineering evaluation indicating that common calibration
approaches are utilized at high altitudes. Any deviation from low
altitude emission control practices must be included in the auxiliary
emission control device (AECD) descriptions submitted at certification.
Any AECD specific to high altitude must require engineering emission
data for EPA evaluation to quantify any emission impact and validity of
the AECD.
    (h) Small-volume manufacturers. Small-volume manufacturers meeting
the eligibility requirements in Sec.  86.1838 may delay complying with
the requirements in this section until model year 2022. This also
applies for continuing to use the E0 test fuel specified in Sec.
86.113 through model year 2022. If meeting the Tier 3 standards in
model year 2022 would cause severe economic hardship, such
manufacturers may ask us to approve an extended compliance deadline
under the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.250, except that the solvency
criterion does not apply and there is no maximum duration of the
hardship relief.

Sec. Sec.  86.1812-01 and 86.1813-01   [Removed]

0
159. Remove Sec. Sec.  86.1812-01 and 86.1813-01.
0
160. A new Sec.  86.1813-17 is added to subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1813-17  Evaporative and refueling emission standards.

    Vehicles must meet evaporative and refueling emission standards as
specified in this section. The emission standards apply for total
hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) measurements using the test procedures
specified in subpart B of this part, as appropriate. Note that Sec.
86.1829 allows you to certify without testing in certain circumstances.
Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, evaporative and
refueling emission standards do not apply for diesel-fueled vehicles.
Unless otherwise specified, MDPVs are subject to all the same
provisions of this section that apply to LDT4s.
    (a) Tier 3 evaporative emission standards. Vehicles may not exceed
the Tier 3 evaporative emission standards, as follows:
    (1) Measure emissions using the test procedures of subpart B of
this part, as follows:

    (i) Follow the vehicle preconditioning and exhaust testing
procedures as described in subpart B of this part.
    (ii) Measure diurnal, running loss, and hot soak emissions as shown
in Sec.  86.130.
    (iii) Use E15 test fuel as required in Sec.  86.113, except as
specified in this section.
    (iv) Emissions are measured as total hydrocarbon; however, in the
case of E15 test fuel, multiply measured values by 1.1 to convert
values to total hydrocarbon equivalent.
    (2) Diurnal and hot soak emissions may not exceed the Tier 3
emission standards, as follows:
    (i) The emission standard for the sum of diurnal and hot soak
measurements from the two-diurnal test sequence and the three-diurnal
test sequence is based on a fleet average in a given model year. You
must specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each test group. The FEL
serves as the emission standard for the test group with respect to all
required diurnal and hot soak testing. Calculate your fleet average
emission level as described in Sec.  86.1860 based on the FEL that
applies for low-altitude testing to show that you meet the specified
standard. For multi-fueled vehicles, calculate fleet-average emission
levels based only on emission levels for testing with gasoline. You may
generate or use emission credits for averaging, banking, or trading for
vehicles required to meet the Tier 3 standards, other than electric
vehicles and gaseous-fueled vehicles, as described in Sec.  86.1861 for
demonstrating compliance with the hot soak plus diurnal emission
standard starting in the 2017 model year. You comply with the emission
standard for a given model year if you have enough credits to show that
your fleet-average emission level is at or below the applicable
standard. You may exchange credits between or among test groups within
an averaging set as described in Sec.  86.1861. Separate diurnal plus
hot soak emission standards apply as shown for high-altitude
conditions. The sum of diurnal and hot soak measurements may not exceed
the following fleet-average Tier 3 standards:

   Table 1 of Sec.   86.1813-17--Tier 3 Diurnal Plus Hot Soak Emission
                                Standards
                            [Grams per test]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Low-        High-
               Vehicle category                   altitude     altitude
                                                 conditions   conditions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV, LDT1.....................................        0.300         0.65
LDT2..........................................        0.400         0.85
HLDT..........................................        0.500     \1\ 1.15
HDV...........................................        0.600         1.75
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 1.25 g/test for MDPVs.

    (ii) Specify FELs as follows:
    (A) You may specify the low-altitude FEL in increments of 0.025 g
above or below the otherwise applicable Tier 3 diurnal plus hot soak
standard, up to the maximum values specified in the following table:

 Table 2 of Sec.   86.1813-17--Tier 3 FEL Caps for Low-Altitude Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Vehicle category                         FEL caps
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LDV.....................................................           0.500
LLDT....................................................           0.650
HLDT....................................................           0.900
MDPV....................................................           1.000
HDV.....................................................             1.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (B) Calculate the FEL for testing at high-altitude conditions
based on the difference between the low-altitude FEL and the standard.
For example, if a light-duty vehicle was certified with an FEL of 0.400
g instead of the 0.300 g standard, the FEL for testing under high-
altitude conditions would be 0.75 g (0.65+0.10).
    (iii) Hydrocarbon emissions must not exceed 0.020 g for LDVs and
LDTs and 0.030 g for HDVs when tested using the Bleed Emission Test
Procedure adopted by the California Air Resources Board (incorporated
by reference in Sec.  86.1). This procedure quantifies diurnal
emissions without measuring hot soak emissions. The standards in this
paragraph (a)(2)(iii) do not apply for testing at high-altitude
conditions. For vehicles with non-integrated refueling emission control
systems, the bleed emission test and standard do not apply to the
refueling canister.
    (3) Running losses may not exceed 0.05 g per mile when measured
using the test procedures specified in Sec.  86.134.
    (4) Fuel systems for vehicles operating on one or more volatile
liquid fuels may not exceed an effective leak diameter of 0.02 inches
when measured using the procedure specified in 40 CFR 1066.840. For
vehicles with fuel tanks exceeding 25 gallons nominal fuel tank
capacity, you may request our approval for a leak standard greater than
0.020 inches, up to a maximum value of 0.040 inches.
    (5) The Tier 3 evaporative emission standards start to phase in
with model year 2017 for vehicles at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR and
with model year 2018 for vehicles above 6,000 pounds GVWR. Table 3 of
this section specifies the minimum percentage of each manufacturer's
sales in each model year that must be certified to the Tier 3
evaporative emission standards. Calculate annual percentages based on
actual nationwide sales of all vehicles subject to standards under this
paragraph (a) for the applicable model year; however, if all your FELs
for Tier 3 test groups are at the applicable standard (neither
generating nor using emission credits), the phase-in requirements are
based on projected sales. Also, if you certify vehicles above 6,000
pounds GVWR to the Tier 3 evaporative emission standards in model year
2017, you may count projected U.S. sales of those vehicles toward your
calculation for meeting the 40 percent requirement in 2017 (numerator
only). Manufacturers may meet this requirement using the additional
alternative phase-in provisions in paragraph (g) of this section.
Vehicles from the identified model years not certified to the Tier 3
evaporative emission standards continue to be subject to the
evaporative emission standards specified in Sec.  86.1811-09(e) or
Sec.  86.1816-08(d), including the useful life provisions of Sec.
86.1805-12. Note that this subjects LDVs and LDT1s to a 150,000 mile
useful life for evaporative emissions if the vehicles are subject to a
150,000 mile useful life for exhaust emissions. Keep records as needed
to show that you meet the phase-in requirements specified in this
section.

   Table 3 of Sec.   86.1813-17--Default Phase-In Schedule for Tier 3
                     Evaporative Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Minimum
                                                         percentage of
                     Model year                        vehicles subject
                                                         to the Tier 3
                                                           standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2017................................................              1 2 40
2018................................................                  60
2019................................................                  60
2020................................................                  80
2021................................................                  80
2022................................................                 100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The phase-in percentage for model year 2017 applies only for
  vehicles at or below 6,000 pounds GVWR.
\2\ The leak standard specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section does
  not apply for model year 2017.

    (6) For model year 2017, exclude vehicle sales from California and
section

177 states from the calculation to demonstrate compliance with the
phase-in schedule in paragraph (a)(5) or (g) of this section, and from
the credit calculation in Sec.  86.1860.
    (b) Refueling emissions. Vehicles must meet the refueling emission
standards in this paragraph (b) when measured over the procedure
specified in Sec.  86.150. These standards apply starting with model
year 2018 for vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR. The following
refueling standards apply:
    (1) 0.20 g THCE per gallon of fuel dispensed for gasoline-fueled,
diesel-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles.
    (2) 0.15 g THC per gallon of fuel dispensed for liquefied petroleum
gas-fueled vehicles.
    (c) Fuel spitback. For vehicles fueled by volatile liquid fuels,
fuel spitback emissions may not exceed 1.0 g THCE when measured using
the test procedures specified in Sec.  86.146. The fuel spitback
standard applies only to newly assembled vehicles.
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) Auxiliary engines and separate fuel systems. The provisions of
40 CFR 1037.103(f) apply for vehicles with auxiliary engines. This
includes any engines installed in the final vehicle configuration that
contribute no motive power through the vehicle's transmission.
    (f) Refueling provisions for gaseous fuel vehicles. The following
provisions apply specifically for gaseous fuel vehicles:
    (1) Refueling receptacles on natural gas-fueled vehicles must
comply with the receptacle provisions of the ANSI/AGA NGV1-1994
standard (incorporated by reference in Sec.  86.1).
    (2) With our advance approval, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled
vehicles with gauges or valves that can be opened to release fuel or
fuel vapor during refueling (such as fixed liquid level gauges) may be
tested for refueling emissions without opening such gauges or valves,
as outlined in Sec.  86.157-98(d)(2). We will approve your request if
you can show that such gauges or valves will not be open during in-use
refueling due to inaccessibility or other design features that would
prevent them from opening or make this very unlikely.
    (g) Alternative phase-in options for Tier 3 evaporative emission
standards. You may use any of the following alternative methods to
transition to the Tier 3 evaporative emission standards:
    (1) Starting in model year 2015, you may earn an ``allowance'' for
each vehicle at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR that you certify early to
the Tier 3 standards in paragraph (a) of this section, as long as the
vehicle is not sold in California or any of the section 177 states.
This applies in model years 2015 and 2016 for vehicles at or below
6,000 pounds GVWR and in model years 2015 through 2017 for vehicles
above 6,000 pounds GVWR. For each allowance you earn, you may count it
as one compliant vehicle in a later model year during the phase-in
period. As an example, selling 100,000 Tier 3 vehicles in 2016 and a
total of 400,000 vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR in 2017 would
allow a manufacturer to ``spend'' up to 40,000 allowances in both 2017
and 2018, leaving a total of 20,000 allowances for 2019 through 2022.
Calculate the total phase-in percentage in each model year by adding
the allowances to the number of compliant vehicles (in the numerator),
without increasing total sales (in the denominator). For each allowance
you earn, you may alternatively count it as one compliant vehicle for
model year 2018 under the phase-in schedule described in paragraph
(g)(5) of this section; however, you may not use those allowances to
increase the value of APP in any model year by more than 10 percentage
points. Vehicles earning allowances under this paragraph (g)(1) may not
have an FEL above the applicable Tier 3 standard, and may not generate
emission credits. Allowances may not be traded to another company. You
may earn additional allowances under this paragraph (g)(1) as follows:
    (i) To the extent that you over-comply with the 40-percent phase-in
requirement in model year 2017, you may count your actual U.S. sales
exceeding the required number of Tier 3 vehicles as allowances toward
meeting the phase-in requirement in 2018 and later model years.
    (ii) For vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR that you certify to the
refueling emission standards in paragraph (b) of this section in model
years 2015 through 2017, a single vehicle may produce two allowances if
it is certified to the Tier 3 diurnal plus hot soak standard and the
refueling standard. Allowances earned under this paragraph (g)(1)(ii)
may alternatively be used in model years 2018 through 2022 to phase in
the refueling standard.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) You may disregard the percentage phase-in specified in
paragraph (a)(5) of this section for 2017 if you choose 50-state
certification for all your vehicles meeting the LEV III PZEV
evaporative standards in 2017. Under this option, you may not produce a
higher-emitting version of those vehicle models for sale outside of
California or the section 177 states. Such vehicles may be certified
using carryover data under the California program; however, they may
generate or use emission credits only if they are certified to meet the
emission standards of paragraph (a)(2) of this section. Vehicles that
comply under this paragraph (g)(3) may not generate allowances under
paragraph (g)(1) of this section, regardless of the calculated
percentage of compliant vehicles in model year 2017.
    (4) If you certify model year 2019 or earlier vehicles to the LEV
III emission standards in California, you may certify those as Tier 3
vehicles that count toward meeting the phase-in requirements of this
section. Such vehicles must still be certified to the leak standard
specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section and the high-altitude
standards in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. You may not certify
vehicles under this paragraph (g)(4) after model year 2019. Vehicles
meeting the LEV III standards may also generate allowances under
paragraph (g)(1) of this section; however, these vehicles may generate
or use emission credits under this subpart only if they are not used to
generate allowances and if they are certified using the Option 2
procedures under the LEV III program (including the bleed emission
test).
    (5) You may disregard the phase-in percentages specified in
paragraph (a)(5) of this section for 2018 through 2022 if you instead
comply with the alternate phase-in schedule described in this paragraph
(g)(5). To do this, you must notify us of your intent before January 1,
2018, and include a detailed plan for complying with the alternate
phase-in schedule. You comply with the alternate phase-in schedule by
calculating an evaporative phase-in index at or above 1,040 using the
following equation for model years 2018 through 2022:

Evaporative phase-in index = 5[middot]APP2018 +
4[middot]APP2019 + 3[middot]APP2020 +
2[middot]APP2021 + APP2022

Where:

APP = The actual phase-in percentage of vehicles meeting the Tier 3
evaporative emission standards for the indicated model year, based
on actual sales; you may instead ask us to calculate the annual
percentage based on actual production volumes.

    (6) You may alternatively use the E0 test fuel specified in Sec.
86.113 through model year 2019 for vehicles certified to emission
standards comparable to the standards in this section based on testing
specified by the California Air Resources Board. You may not certify
these vehicles in model year 2020 using carryover data.

    (h) Small-volume manufacturers. Small-volume manufacturers meeting
the eligibility requirements in Sec.  86.1838 may delay complying with
the requirements in this section until model year 2022. If meeting the
Tier 3 standards in model year 2022 would cause severe economic
hardship, such manufacturers may ask us to approve an extended
compliance deadline under the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.250, except
that the solvency criterion does not apply and there is no maximum
duration of the hardship relief.

Sec. Sec.  86.1814-01, 86.1814-02, 86.1815-01, and 86.1815-
02  [Removed]

0
161. Remove Sec. Sec.  86.1814-01, 86.1814-02, 86.1815-01, and 86.1815-
02.
0
162. A new Sec.  86.1816-18 is added to subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1816-18  Emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.

    (a) Applicability and general provisions. This section describes
exhaust emission standards that apply for model year 2018 and later
complete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR. These
standards are optional for incomplete heavy-duty vehicles and for heavy
duty vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR as described in Sec.  86.1801.
Greenhouse gas emission standards are specified in Sec.  86.1818 for
MDPVs and in 40 CFR 1037.104 for other HDVs. See Sec.  86.1813 for
evaporative and refueling emission standards. This section may apply to
vehicles before model year 2018 as specified in paragraph (b)(10) of
this section. Separate requirements apply for MDPVs as specified in
Sec.  86.1811. See subpart A of this part for requirements that apply
for incomplete heavy-duty vehicles and for heavy-duty engines certified
independent of the chassis. The following general provisions apply:
    (1) Test all vehicles as described in this section using a chassis
dynamometer; establish appropriate load settings based on adjusted
loaded vehicle weight (see Sec.  86.1803).
    (2) Some provisions apply differently depending on the vehicle's
power-to-weight ratio. Determine a vehicle's power-to-weight ratio by
dividing the engine's rated power by the vehicle's GVWR (in hp/pound).
For purposes of this section, if a test group includes multiple
configurations, use the vehicle with the highest power-to-weight ratio
to characterize the test group.
    (3) Use E15 test fuel as required in Sec.  86.113, except as
specified in this section.
    (4) Measure emissions from hybrid electric vehicles to demonstrate
compliance with the standards of this section according to the
procedures specified in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in Sec.
86.1).
    (b) Tier 3 exhaust emission standards. Exhaust emissions may not
exceed the Tier 3 exhaust emission standards, as follows:
    (1) Measure emissions using the procedures of subpart B of this
part, using specific driving schedules and additional procedures as
follows:
    (i) The Federal Test Procedure (FTP) is based on testing with the
Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) specified in paragraph (a) of
Appendix I of this part.
    (ii) The Heavy-Duty Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (HD-SFTP)
involves testing with the UDDS, the SC03 driving schedule specified in
paragraph (h) of Appendix I of this part, and one of the following
additional driving schedules:
    (A) For Class 2b vehicles, the US06 driving schedule specified in
paragraph (g) of Appendix I of this part.
    (B) For Class 2b vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or below
0.024 hp/pound that are certified to optional standards under
paragraphs (b)(2) and (4) of this section, the highway portion of the
US06 driving schedule characterized as the ``second bag'' in Sec.
86.159-08(a).
    (C) For Class 3 vehicles, the LA-92 driving schedule as specified
in paragraph (c) of Appendix I of this part.
    (iii) HD-SFTP emissions are calculated as a composite of test
results over these driving schedules based on the following
calculation:

HD-SFTP (g/mi) = 0.35[middot]FTP + 0.28[middot]HDSIM + 0.37[middot]SC03

Where:

HDSIM = the appropriate driving schedule specified in paragraph
(b)(1)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section.

    (iv) You may alternatively use FTP emission results to substitute
for the SC03 value in the calculation under paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of
this section for a given vehicle for any testing under this section.
    (v) Hydrocarbon emission standards are expressed as NMOG; however,
you may measure exhaust emissions based on nonmethane hydrocarbon
instead of NMOG as described in 40 CFR 1066.665.
    (2) Table 1 of this section describes fully phased-in Tier 3
standards that apply as specified in this paragraph (b) for the
identified driving schedules. The FTP standards for NMOG+NOX
apply on a fleet-average basis using discrete bin standards as
described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. The bin standards
include additional emission standards for CO emissions, and for
NMOG+NOX standards when testing over the HD-SFTP driving
schedule. Table 1 follows:

               Table 1 of Sec.   86.1816-18--Fully Phased-in Tier 3 HDV Exhaust Emission Standards
                                                    [g/mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Fleet-average                PM                 Formaldehyde
                                                     NMOG+NOX    -----------------------------------------------
                    HDV Class                    ----------------
                                                        FTP             FTP           HD-SFTP           FTP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2b..............................................           0.178           0.008       \1\ 0.010           0.006
3...............................................           0.247           0.010           0.007           0.006
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 hp/pound that are certified using the driving
  schedule described in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(B) of this section, the HD-SFTP standard for PM is 0.007 g/mile
  instead of the value specified in the table.

    (3) The FTP standards specified in this section apply equally for
testing at low-altitude conditions and high-altitude conditions. The
HD-SFTP standards described in this section apply only for testing at
low-altitude conditions.
    (4) The FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOX is based on a
fleet average in a given model year. You must specify a family emission
limit (FEL) for each test group. The FEL serves as the emission
standard for the test group with respect to all required FTP testing.
Calculate your fleet-average emission level as described in Sec.
86.1860 to show that you meet the specified standard. For multi-fueled
vehicles, calculate fleet-average emission levels based only on
emission levels for testing with gasoline or diesel fuel. You may

generate or use emission credits for averaging, banking, or trading as
described in Sec.  86.1860 for demonstrating compliance with the FTP
emission standard for NMOG+NOX. You comply with the emission
standard for a given model year if you have enough credits to show that
your fleet-average emission level is at or below the applicable
standard. You may exchange credits between or among any test groups
subject to standards under this section. You may specify any of the
FELs from Table 2 or Table 3 of this section for demonstrating that
your fleet-average emission level complies with the FTP emission
standard for NMOG+NOX. These FEL values define emission bins
that also determine corresponding emission standards for
NMOG+NOX emissions over the HD-SFTP driving schedule and for
CO emissions, as follows:

                          Table 2 of Sec.   86.1816-18--Tier 3 Bin Standards--Class 2b
                                                    [g/mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            FEL Name                                                            CO
-----------------------------------------------------------------    NMOG+NOX    -------------------------------
                    FTP (FEL)                       HD-SFTP \1\                         FTP           HD-SFTP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bin 250.........................................           0.250           0.800             6.4            22.0
Bin 200.........................................           0.200           0.800             4.2            22.0
Bin 170.........................................           0.170           0.450             4.2            12.0
Bin 150.........................................           0.150           0.450             3.2            12.0
Bin 0 \2\.......................................           0.000           0.000             0.0             0.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vehicles with a power-to-weight ratio at or below 0.024 hp/pound that are certified using the driving
  schedule described in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(B) of this section, the following HD-SFTP bin standards for
  NMOG+NOX apply instead of those identified in the table: 0.350 g/mile for Bin 150 and Bin 170; and 0.550 g/
  mile for Bin 200 and Bin 250.
\2\ Vehicles certified to Bin 0 must also meet PM and formaldehyde standards of 0.000 g/mile instead of the
  standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.

                           Table 3 of Sec.   86.1816-18--Tier 3 Bin Standards--Class 3
                                                    [g/mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             NMOG+NOX                           CO
                    FEL Name                     ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     FTP (FEL)        HD-SFTP           FTP           HD-SFTP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bin 400.........................................           0.400           0.550             7.3             6.0
Bin 270.........................................           0.270           0.550             4.2             6.0
Bin 230.........................................           0.230           0.350             4.2             4.0
Bin 200.........................................           0.200           0.350             3.7             4.0
Bin 0 \1\.......................................           0.000           0.000             0.0             0.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vehicles certified to Bin 0 must also meet PM and formaldehyde standards of 0.000 g/mile instead of the
  standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.

    (5) [Reserved]
    (6) The full Tier 3 program includes new emission standards for
NMOG+NOX, PM, CO, and formaldehyde; it also includes
measurement with a new test fuel and a longer useful life. Vehicles
meeting all these requirements are considered Final Tier 3 vehicles.
Vehicles that do not meet all the Tier 3 requirements are considered
Interim Tier 3 vehicles. The Tier 3 PM standards phase in over several
years. Any vehicles not subject to Tier 3 PM standards during the
phase-in period must continue to comply with the PM standards in Sec.
86.1816-08. Paragraph (b)(7) of this section describes how to
transition to Tier 3 standards for emissions other than PM. The
following provisions describe the primary approach for phasing in the
Tier 3 PM standards:
    (i) You must meet the FTP emission standard for PM with 20, 40, 70,
and 100 percent of your projected nationwide sales of all vehicles
subject to this section in model years 2018 through 2021, respectively.
Each vehicle meeting the Tier 3 FTP standard for PM must also meet the
Tier 3 HD-SFTP standard for PM.
    (ii) You may disregard the phase-in percentages specified in
paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section if you instead comply with an
indexed PM phase-in schedule as described in this paragraph (b)(6)(ii).
To do this, you must notify us of your intent before January 1, 2018,
and include a detailed plan for complying with the indexed phase-in
schedule. You comply with the indexed phase-in schedule by calculating
a PM phase-in index at or above 440 using the following equation for
model years 2018 through 2021:

PM phase-in index = 4[middot]APP2018 +
3[middot]APP2019 + 2[middot]APP2020 +
APP2021

Where:

APP = The actual phase-in percentage of vehicles meeting the Tier 3
PM standards for the indicated model year, based on actual sales, as
described in paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section.

    (iii) You may alternatively ask us to approve calculation of the
annual percentage for a given model year based on production volumes
instead of sales volumes.
    (iv) Vehicles meeting the Tier 3 PM standards must meet those
standards over the useful life as specified in Sec.  86.1805-17. Note
that Interim Tier 3 vehicles may have different useful life values for
PM emission standards than for other emission standards.
    (v) Measure PM emissions from all vehicles using the same test fuel
used for measuring NMOG+NOX emissions.
    (vi) You may certify Interim Tier 3 vehicles based on carryover
data.
    (vii) You may use the alternative phase-in provisions described in
paragraph (b)(8) of this section to transition to the Tier 3 exhaust
emission standards on a different schedule.
    (7) The following provisions describe the primary approach for
phasing in the Tier 3 standards other than PM in 2022 and earlier model
years:
    (i) The fleet-average FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOX
phases in over several years as described in this paragraph (b)(7)(i).
You must identify

FELs as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section and calculate a
fleet-average emission level to show that you meet the FTP emission
standard for NMOG+NOX that applies for each model year. You
may certify using transitional bin standards specified in Table 5 of
this section through model year 2021; include these vehicles in the
fleet-average calculation by treating the sum of the NMOG and
NOX emission standards as the Family Emission Limit under
Sec.  86.1860. You may alternatively use the E0 test fuel specified in
Sec.  86.113 for vehicles certified to the transitional bins; the
useful life period for these vehicles is 120,000 miles or 11 years.
Fleet-average FTP emission standards decrease as shown in the following
table:

   Table 4 of Sec.   86.1816-18--Declining Fleet-Average FTP Emission
                         Standards for NMOG+NOX
                                [g/mile]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Model year                    Class 2b         Class 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2016 \1\................................           0.333           0.548
2017 \1\................................           0.310           0.508
2018....................................           0.278           0.451
2019....................................           0.253           0.400
2020....................................           0.228           0.349
2021....................................           0.203           0.298
2022....................................           0.178           0.247
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Fleet-average standards are shown for 2016 and 2017 for purposes of
  voluntary early compliance as described in paragraph (b)(10) of this
  section.

                                           Table 5 of Sec.   86.1816-18--Transitional Tier 3 FTP Bin Standards
                                                                      [g/mile] \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Class                         FEL name                 NMOG               NOX               PM                CO           Formaldehyde
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2b................................  Bin 395                                0.195             0.200             0.012               6.4             0.032
                                    Bin 340                                0.140             0.200             0.012               6.4             0.032
3.................................  Bin 630                                0.230             0.400             0.012               7.3             0.040
                                    Bin 570                                0.170             0.400             0.012               7.3             0.040
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vehicles certified to Transitional Tier 3 FTP bins are not subject to HD-SFTP standards.

    (ii) You may use the alternative phase-in provisions described in
paragraph (b)(8) of this section to transition to the Tier 3 exhaust
emission standards on a different schedule.
    (8) This paragraph (b)(8) describes an alternative approach to
phasing in all the Tier 3 emission standards. If you choose this
approach, you must phase in the Tier 3 standards for all your vehicles
subject to this section according to this schedule. You may meet the
standards specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section according to
the phase-in schedule specified in Table 6 of this section based on the
indicated percentage of your projected nationwide sales in each model
year. These vehicles must meet the applicable FTP emission standard for
CO and the HD-SFTP emissions standards for NMOG+NOX and CO
that apply for Class 2b Bin 170 and Class 3 Bin 230 as described in
paragraph (b)(4) of this section. You may use averaging, banking, and
trading relative to the Tier 3 FTP emission standard for
NMOG+NOX during the phase-in period, but only if all the
vehicles certified under Sec.  86.1816-08 have FELs that are at or
below the applicable NMHC and NOX standards. Any vehicles
not subject to Tier 3 standards during the phase-in period must
continue to comply with the gaseous exhaust emission standards in Sec.
86.1816-08. Each vehicle counting toward the PM phase-in percentage
under this paragraph (b)(8) in model years 2019 and 2020 must also be
included in the portion of the fleet meeting the Tier 3 standards for
pollutants other than PM. Each vehicle counting toward the phase-in
percentage for any pollutant must use the Tier 3 test fuel specified in
Sec.  86.113-07. To generate emission credits during the phase-in
period, all pre-Tier 3 vehicles must have FELs at or below the
NOX and NMHC standards in Sec.  86.1816-08. Determine
emission credits by calculating fleet-average emission levels for Tier
3 and pre-Tier 3 vehicles together; for pre-Tier 3 vehicles use an
NMOG+NOX equivalent FEL of 0.395 g/mile for Class 2b
vehicles and 0.630 g/mile for Class 3 vehicles. You may optionally meet
the Tier 3 standards before model year 2019.

                                          Table 6 of Sec.   86.1816-18
                                         [Alternative Phase-In Schedule]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Class 2b                               Class 3
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Model year                                    Other than PM                         Other than PM
                                              PM             (percent)              PM             (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2019................................                 40                 65                 40                 60
2020................................                 70                 77                 70                 73
2021................................                100                 88                100                 87
2022................................                100                100                100                100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (9) You may not use credits generated from vehicles certified under
Sec.  86.1816-08 for demonstrating compliance with the Tier 3
standards.
    (10) [Reserved]
    (11) You may voluntarily certify your vehicles under this section
in model years 2016 and 2017. If you do this, the fleet-average FTP
emission standards for NMOG+NOX apply to all your complete
heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR as specified in
paragraph (b)(7)(i) of this section. Use any of the available bin
standards as described in this section. Vehicles certified under

this paragraph (b)(10) must comply with the PM standards specified in
Sec.  86.1816-08 instead of the Tier 3 p.m. standards specified in this
section.
    (12) Keep records as needed to show that you meet the requirements
specified in this paragraph (b) for phasing in standards and for
complying with declining fleet-average average standards.
    (c) Highway NMOG+NOX exhaust emission standard.
NMOG+NOX emissions measured on the highway test cycle in 40
CFR part 600, subpart B, may not exceed the applicable
NMOG+NOX bin standard for FTP testing. Demonstrate
compliance with this standard for low-mileage vehicles by applying the
appropriate deterioration factor.
    (d) Provisions for Otto-cycle engines. The special provisions
described in Sec.  86.1811-17(d) apply to vehicles with Otto-cycle
engines that are certified under this section.
    (e) Small-volume manufacturers. Small-volume manufacturers meeting
the eligibility requirements in Sec.  86.1838 may delay complying with
the requirements in this section until model year 2022. This also
applies for continuing to use the E0 test fuel specified in Sec.
86.113 through model year 2021. If meeting the Tier 3 standards in
model year 2022 would cause severe economic hardship, such
manufacturers may ask us to approve an extended compliance deadline
under the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.250, except that the solvency
criterion does not apply and there is no maximum duration of the
hardship relief.
0
163. Section Sec.  86.1817-08 is amended by revising the introductory
text to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1817-08  Complete heavy-duty vehicle averaging, trading, and
banking program.

    Section 86.1817-08 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec.  86.1817-05. Where a paragraph in Sec.  86.1817-05 is
identical and applicable to Sec.  86.1817-08, this may be indicated by
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved].
For guidance see Sec.  86.1817-05.'' This section does not apply for
NOX or NMOG+NOX emissions for vehicles certified
to the Tier 3 standards in Sec.  86.1816-18, including those vehicles
that certify to the Tier 3 standards before model year 2018.
* * * * *
0
164. Section 86.1818-12 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:

Sec.  86.1818-12  Greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty
vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

    (a) Applicability. (1) This section contains standards and other
regulations applicable to the emission of the air pollutant defined as
the aggregate group of six greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur
hexafluoride. This section applies to 2012 and later model year LDVs,
LDTs and MDPVs, including multi-fuel vehicles, vehicles fueled with
alternative fuels, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Unless otherwise
specified, multi-fuel vehicles must comply with all requirements
established for each consumed fuel. The provisions of this section,
except paragraph (c), also apply to clean alternative fuel conversions
as defined in 40 CFR 85.502, of all model year light-duty vehicles,
light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Manufacturers
that qualify as a small business according to the requirements of Sec.
86.1801-12(j) are exempt from the emission standards in this section.
Manufacturers that have submitted a declaration for a model year
according to the requirements of Sec.  86.1801-12(k) for which approval
has been granted by the Administrator are conditionally exempt from the
emission standards in paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section for
the approved model year.
    (2) The standards specified in this section apply only for testing
at low-altitude conditions. However, manufacturers must submit an
engineering evaluation indicating that common calibration approaches
are utilized at high altitude. Any deviation from low altitude emission
control practices must be included in the auxiliary emission control
device (AECD) descriptions submitted at certification. Any AECD
specific to high altitude requires engineering emission data for EPA
evaluation to quantify any emission impact and determine the validity
of the AECD.
* * * * *
0
165. Section Sec.  86.1821-01 is amended by adding paragraph (f) to
read as follows:

Sec.  86.1821-01  Evaporative/refueling family determination.

* * * * *
    (f) For vehicles to be classed in the same leak family, they must
be similar with respect to the items listed in paragraph (b) of this
section and use the same OBD method for detecting leaks.
0
166. Section Sec.  86.1823-08 is amended by revising paragraph (g) to
read as follows:

Sec.  86.1823-08  Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust
emissions.

* * * * *
    (g) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components
are designed to operate properly for the full useful life of the
vehicles in actual use.
* * * * *
0
167. Section Sec.  86.1824-08 is amended by revising paragraphs (a),
(f)(1), and (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1824-08  Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative
emissions.

* * * * *
    (a) Durability program objective. The durability program must
predict an expected in-use emission deterioration rate and emission
level that effectively represents a significant majority of the
distribution of emission levels and deterioration in actual use over
the full useful life of candidate in-use vehicles of each vehicle
design which uses the durability program. This requirement applies for
all SHED-based measurements. It does not apply for spitback or leak
standards.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) For gasoline fueled vehicles certified to meet the evaporative
emission standards set forth in this subpart, any mileage accumulation
method for evaporative emissions must employ gasoline fuel for the
entire mileage accumulation period which contains ethanol in, at least,
the highest concentration permissible in gasoline under federal law and
that is commercially available in any state in the United States.
Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, the manufacturer must
determine the appropriate ethanol concentration by selecting the
highest legal concentration commercially available during the calendar
year before the one in which the manufacturer begins its mileage
accumulation. The manufacturer must also provide information acceptable
to the Administrator to indicate that the mileage accumulation method
is of sufficient design, duration and severity to stabilize the
permeability of all non-metallic fuel and evaporative system components
to the mileage accumulation fuel constituents.
* * * * *
    (h) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components
are

designed to operate properly for the full useful life of the vehicles
in actual use.
* * * * *
0
168. Section Sec.  86.1825-08 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to
read as follows:

Sec.  86.1825-08  Durability demonstration procedures for refueling
emissions.

* * * * *
    (h) Emission component durability. The manufacturer shall use good
engineering judgment to determine that all emission-related components
are designed to operate properly for the full useful life of the
vehicles in actual use.
* * * * *
0
169. Section Sec.  86.1826-01 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1826-01  Assigned deterioration factors for small-volume
manufacturers and small-volume test groups.

    (a) Applicability. This program is an option available for small-
volume manufacturers and small-volume test groups as described in Sec.
86.1838.
    (b) Determination of deterioration factors. No service accumulation
method or vehicle/component selection method is required. Deterioration
factors for all types of regulated emissions are assigned using the
provisions in this paragraph (b). A separate assigned deterioration
factor is required for each durability group. Manufacturers shall use
good engineering judgment in applying deterioration factors.
Manufacturers may use assigned deterioration factors that the
Administrator determines and prescribes.
    (1) The deterioration factors will be the Administrator's estimate,
periodically updated and published in a guidance document, of the 70th
percentile deterioration factors calculated using the industry-wide
database of previously completed durability data vehicles or engines
used for certification.
    (2) The Administrator may use discretion to develop assigned
deterioration factors using alternative methods if there is
insufficient information to calculate an appropriate industry-wide
deterioration factor (for example: A new engine technology coupled with
a proven emission control system). These methods may include the use of
assigned deterioration factors based on similar durability vehicles.
    (3) Alternatively, with advance approval from the Administrator, a
manufacturer may use deterioration factors developed by another
manufacturer. The manufacturer seeking to use these deterioration
factors must--
    (i) Demonstrate that the engines from the two manufacturers share
technical parameters to the degree that would support the conclusion
that a common deterioration factor should apply for both vehicle
configurations as defined in Sec.  86.1803.
    (ii) Provide supporting information, such as histograms of exhaust
temperature data, comparisons of vehicle weight and road load
horsepower, or comparisons of powertrains and emission control systems.
0
170. Section 86.1828-01 is amended by removing and reserving paragraph
(d) and adding paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1828-01  Emission data vehicle selection.

* * * * *
    (g) Cold temperature NMHC testing. For cold temperature NMHC
exhaust emission compliance for each durability group, the manufacturer
must select the vehicle expected to emit the highest NMHC emissions at
20[emsp14][deg]F on candidate in-use vehicles from the test vehicles
specified in paragraph (a) of this section. When the expected worst-
case cold temperature NMHC vehicle is also the expected worst-case cold
temperature CO vehicle as selected in paragraph (c) of this section,
then cold testing is required only for that vehicle; otherwise, testing
is required for both the worst-case cold temperature CO vehicle and the
worst-case cold temperature NMHC vehicle.
0
171. Section 86.1829-01 is amended as follows:
0
a. By removing and reserving paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(C).
0
b. By revising paragraph (b)(2)(i).
0
c. By adding paragraph (b)(2)(iv).
0
d. By revising paragraph (b)(4).
0
f. By removing and reserving paragraph (d).

Sec.  86.1829-01  Durability and emission testing requirements;
waivers.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) Testing at low altitude. One EDV in each evaporative/refueling
family and evaporative/refueling emission control system combination
must be tested in accordance with the evaporative/refueling test
procedure requirement of subpart B of this part. The configuration of
the EDV will be determined under the provisions of Sec.  86.1828-01.
The EDV must also be tested for exhaust emission compliance using the
FTP and SFTP procedures of subpart B of this part. In lieu of testing
natural gas or hydrogen fueled vehicles to demonstrate compliance with
the evaporative and refueling emission standards specified in this
subpart, a manufacturer may provide a statement in its application for
certification that, based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation
of appropriate testing and/or design parameters, all light-duty
vehicles, light-duty trucks, and complete heavy-duty vehicles comply
with applicable emission standards. This same testing exemption applies
for vehicles fueled by liquefied petroleum gas, except that refueling
tests are required for systems that allow venting during the refueling
operation.
* * * * *
    (iv) For diesel-fueled vehicles, a manufacturer may provide a
statement in the application for certification that vehicles comply
with the refueling emission standard instead of submitting test data.
Such a statement must be based on previous emission tests, development
tests, or other appropriate information, and good engineering judgment.
* * * * *
    (4) Electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. For electric vehicles
and fuel cell vehicles, manufacturers may provide a statement in the
application for certification that vehicles comply with all the
requirements of this subpart instead of submitting test data. Such a
statement must be based on previous emission tests, development tests,
or other appropriate information, and good engineering judgment.
* * * * *
0
172. A new Sec.  86.1829-17 is added to subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1829-17  Durability and emission testing requirements;
waivers.

    This section describes general testing requirements for certifying
vehicles under this subpart, and includes several provisions allowing
for statements of compliance instead of testing in certain
circumstances. Where a manufacturer provides a statement instead of
test data under this section, it must be based on previous emission
tests, development tests, or other appropriate information, and good
engineering judgment.
    (a) One durability demonstration is required for each durability
group. The configuration of the DDV is determined according to Sec.
86.1822. The DDV shall be tested and accumulate service mileage
according to the provisions of Sec. Sec.  86.1823, 86.1824, 86.1825,
and 86.1831. Small volume manufacturers and small volume test groups
may optionally use the alternative durability provisions of Sec.
86.1838.

    (b) The manufacturer must test EDVs as follows to demonstrate
compliance with emission standards:
    (1) Test one EDV in each durability group using the test procedures
in 40 CFR part 1066 to demonstrate compliance with cold temperature CO
and NMHC exhaust emission standards.
    (2) Test one EDV in each test group using the FTP and SFTP test
procedures in 40 CFR part 1066 and the HFET test procedures of 40 CFR
part 600, subpart B, to demonstrate compliance with other exhaust
emission standards.
    (3) Test one EDV in each evaporative/refueling family and
evaporative/refueling emission control system combination using the
test procedures in subpart B of this part to demonstrate compliance
with evaporative and refueling emission standards.
    (c) The manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with emission
standards at low-altitude conditions as described in paragraph (b) of
this section. For standards that apply at high-altitude conditions, the
manufacturer may either perform the same tests or provide a statement
in the application for certification that, based on an engineering
evaluation of appropriate testing to measure or simulate high-altitude
emissions, all vehicles comply with applicable emission standards at
high altitude.
    (d) Manufacturers may omit exhaust testing for certification in
certain circumstances as follows:
    (1) For vehicles subject to the Tier 3 p.m. standards in Sec. Sec.
86.1811, a manufacturer may provide a statement in the application for
certification that vehicles comply with applicable PM standards instead
of submitting PM test data for a certain number of vehicles as follows:
    (i) Except as noted in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section,
manufacturers must submit PM test data for at least 25 percent of its
durability data groups that are subject to the Tier 3 p.m. standards in
Sec.  86.1811-17. For example, if a manufacturer has a mix of light-
duty vehicles and light-duty trucks divided over a total of nine
durability data groups in a given model year, three of them would need
PM data for certification in that model year. EPA will work with the
manufacturer to select durability data groups for testing, with the
general expectation that testing will rotate to cover all of a
manufacturer's product line over time. If a durability data group has
been certified in an earlier model year based on submitted PM data, and
that durability data group is eligible for certification using
carryover test data, that carryover data may count toward meeting the
requirements of this paragraph (d)(1)(i), subject to the selection of
durability data groups.
    (ii) In every model year that manufacturers have only one or two
durability data groups subject to the Tier 3 p.m. standards, they must
submit PM test data for certifying all their durability data groups. If
manufacturers have three durability data groups subject to the Tier 3
p.m. standards in a given model year, they must submit PM test data for
at least two of those durability data groups.
    (2) Small-volume manufacturers may provide a statement in the
application for certification that vehicles comply with the applicable
PM standard instead of submitting test data.
    (3) Manufacturers may omit PM measurements for fuel economy and GHG
testing conducted in addition to the testing needed to demonstrate
compliance with the PM emission standards.
    (4) Manufacturers may provide a statement in the application for
certification that vehicles comply with the applicable formaldehyde
standard instead of submitting test data.
    (5) When conducting Selective Enforcement Audit testing, a
manufacturer may petition the Administrator to waive the requirement to
measure PM emissions and formaldehyde emissions.
    (e) Manufacturers may omit evaporative or refueling testing for
certification in certain circumstances as follows:
    (1) For diesel-fueled vehicles, a manufacturer may provide a
statement in the application for certification that vehicles comply
with the refueling emission standard instead of submitting test data.
    (2) For vehicles fueled by natural gas, a manufacturer may provide
a statement in the application for certification that vehicles comply
with evaporative emission standards instead of submitting test data.
Vehicles fueled by liquefied petroleum gas are similarly exempted from
submitting test data for the evaporative and refueling emission
standards, except that refueling tests are required for systems that
allow venting during the refueling operation.
    (3) Manufacturers may provide a statement in the application for
certification that vehicles comply with the leak standard in Sec.
86.1813 instead of submitting test data.
    (4) For vehicles certified to the refueling emission standards in
Sec. Sec.  86.1811 or 86.1813, a manufacturer may provide a statement
in the application for certification that vehicles comply with the fuel
dispensing spitback standard instead of submitting test data.
    (5) In lieu of testing vehicles for the supplemental two-diurnal
test sequence, a manufacturer may optionally provide a statement of
compliance in its application for certification that, based on the
manufacturer's good engineering judgment, all vehicles in the
evaporative/refueling emission family comply with the evaporative
emission standard for the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence.
    (i) The option to provide a statement of compliance in lieu of 2-
diurnal evaporative certification test data is limited to vehicles with
conventional evaporative emission control systems (as determined by the
Administrator). EPA may perform confirmatory 2-diurnal evaporative
emission testing on test vehicles certified using this option. If data
shows noncompliance, it will be addressed through Sec.  86.1851. Also,
if data shows noncompliance, EPA will generally disallow subsequent
waivers for the applicable evaporative family.
    (ii) Manufacturers shall supply information if requested by EPA in
support of the statement of compliance described in this paragraph
(d)(12). This information shall include evaporative calibration
information for the emission-data vehicle and for other vehicles in the
evaporative/refueling family, including, but not limited to, canister
type, canister volume, canister working capacity, fuel tank volume,
fuel tank geometry, the type of fuel delivery system (return,
returnless, variable flow fuel pump, etc.), a description of the input
parameters and software strategy used to control the evaporative
canister purge, the nominal purge flow volume (in bed volumes) when
vehicles are driven over the 2-diurnal (FTP) driving cycle, the nominal
purge flow volume (in bed volumes) when vehicles are driven over the 3-
diurnal (FTP + running loss) driving cycle, and other supporting
information as necessary to demonstrate that the purge flow rate
calibration on the 2-diurnal test sequence is adequate to comply with
the evaporative emission standard for the supplemental two-diurnal test
sequence.
    (6) Where a California evaporative emission standard is at least as
stringent as a comparable federal evaporative emission standard for a
vehicle, we may accept test data demonstrating compliance with the
California standard as demonstrating compliance with the comparable
standard under this subpart. We may require you to provide test data
clearly demonstrating that a vehicle tested using the California-
specified test procedures will meet the comparable standard under this
subpart when tested

using the test procedures specified in this part.
    (7) Through model year 2019, we may accept test data demonstrating
compliance with the California refueling emission standard as
demonstrating compliance with the analogous refueling emission standard
under this subpart if all the following conditions apply:
    (i) You certified the vehicles in model year 2016 to California's
refueling emission standards.
    (ii) You are certifying the vehicles to refueling standards for the
new model year based on carryover data instead of performing new
testing.
    (iii) You are also certifying the vehicles for evaporative
emissions based on California test procedures under the provisions of
paragraph (e)(6) of this section,
    (f) For electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, manufacturers may
provide a statement in the application for certification that vehicles
comply with all the requirements of this subpart instead of submitting
test data.
0
173. Section 86.1837-01 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:

Sec.  86.1837-01  Rounding of emission measurements.

    (a) Unless otherwise specified, the results of all emission tests
shall be rounded to the number of places to the right of the decimal
point indicated by expressing the applicable emission standard of this
subpart to one additional significant figure, in accordance with 40 CFR
1065.20.
* * * * *
0
174. Section 86.1838-01 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1838-01  Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.

    (a) The small-volume manufacturer certification procedures
described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section are optional.
Small-volume manufacturers may use these optional procedures to
demonstrate compliance with the general standards and specific emission
requirements contained in this subpart.
    (b) Eligibility requirements--(1) Small-volume manufacturers. (i)
Optional small-volume manufacturer certification procedures apply for
vehicles produced by manufacturers with the following number of
combined sales of vehicles subject to standards under this subpart in
all states and territories of the United States in the model year for
which certification is sought, including all vehicles and engines
imported under the provisions of 40 CFR 85.1505 and 85.1509:
    (A) 5,000 units for the Tier 3 standards described in Sec. Sec.
86.1811-17, 86.1813-17, and 86.1816-18. This is based on average
nationwide sales volumes for model years 2012 through 2014 for
manufacturers that sell vehicles in model year 2012. The provision
allowing delayed compliance with the Tier 3 standards applies for
qualifying companies even if sales after model year 2014 increase
beyond 5,000 units. Manufacturers with no sales in model year 2012 may
instead rely on projected sales volumes; however, if nationwide sales
exceed an average value of 5,000 units in any three consecutive model
years, the manufacturer is no longer eligible for provisions that apply
to small-volume manufacturers after two additional model years. For
example, if actual sales in model years 2015 through 2017 exceed 5,000
units, the small-volume provisions would no longer apply starting in
model year 2020.
    (B) 15,000 units for all other requirements.
    (ii) If a manufacturer's aggregated sales in the United States, as
determined in paragraph (b)(3) of this section are fewer than the
number of units specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, the
manufacturer (or each manufacturer in the case of manufacturers in an
aggregated relationship) may certify under the provisions of paragraph
(c) of this section.
    (iii) A manufacturers that qualifies as a small business under the
Small Business Administration regulations in 13 CFR part 121 is
eligible for all the provisions that apply for small-volume
manufacturers under this subpart. See Sec.  86.1801-12(j) to determine
whether companies qualify as small businesses.
    (iv) The sales volumes specified in this section are based on
actual sales, unless otherwise specified.
    (v) Except for delayed implementation of new emission standards, an
eligible manufacturer must transition out of the special provisions
that apply for small-volume manufacturers as described in Sec.
86.1801-12(k)(2)(i) through (iii) if sales volumes increase above the
applicable threshold.
    (2) Small-volume test groups. (i) If the aggregated sales in all
states and territories of the United States, as determined in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section are equal to or greater than 15,000 units, then
the manufacturer (or each manufacturer in the case of manufacturers in
an aggregated relationship) will be allowed to certify a number of
units under the small-volume test group certification procedures in
accordance with the criteria identified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)
through (iv) of this section.
    (ii) If there are no additional manufacturers in an aggregated
relationship meeting the provisions of paragraph (b)(3) of this
section, then the manufacturer may certify whole test groups whose
total aggregated sales (including heavy-duty engines) are less than
15,000 units using the small-volume provisions of paragraph (c) of this
section.
    (iii) If there is an aggregated relationship with another
manufacturer which satisfies the provisions of paragraph (b)(3) of this
section, then the following provisions shall apply:
    (A) If none of the manufacturers own 50 percent or more of another
manufacturer in the aggregated relationship, then each manufacturer may
certify whole test groups whose total aggregated sales (including
heavy-duty engines) are less than 15,000 units using the small-volume
provisions of paragraph (c) of this section.
    (B) If any of the manufacturers own 50 percent or more of another
manufacturer in the aggregated relationship, then the limit of 14,999
units must be shared among the manufacturers in such a relationship. In
total for all the manufacturers involved in such a relationship,
aggregated sales (including heavy-duty engines) of up to 14,999 units
may be certified using the small-volume provisions of paragraph (c) of
this section. Only whole test groups shall be eligible for small-volume
status under paragraph (c) of this section.
    (iv) In the case of a joint venture arrangement (50/50 ownership)
between two manufacturers, each manufacturer retains its eligibility
for 14,999 units under the small-volume test group certification
procedures, but the joint venture must draw its maximum 14,999 units
from the units allocated to its parent manufacturers. Only whole test
groups shall be eligible for small-volume status under paragraph (c) of
this section.
    (3) Sales aggregation for related manufacturers. The projected or
actual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following
situations:
    (i) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms, one of
which is 10 percent or greater part owned by another;
    (ii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by any two or more firms if a
third party has equity ownership of 10 percent or more in each of the
firms;
    (iii) Vehicles and/or engines produced by two or more firms having
a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall
direction of the companies;

    (iv) Vehicles and/or engines imported or distributed by all firms
where the vehicles and/or engines are manufactured by the same entity
and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
    (c) Small-volume manufacturers and small-volume test groups shall
demonstrate compliance with all applicable sections of this subpart,
except as provided in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section. Small-
volume manufacturers and small-volume test groups may optionally meet
the following requirements:
    (1) Durability demonstration. Use the provisions of Sec.  86.1826
rather than the requirements of Sec. Sec.  86.1823, 86.1824, and
86.1825.
    (2) In-use verification testing. Requirements for testing in-use
vehicles apply as described in Sec.  86.1845, subject to the following
additional provisions for small-volume manufacturers and small-volume
test groups:
    (i) Small-volume in-use verification test vehicles may be procured
from customers or may be owned by, or under the control of the
manufacturer, provided that the vehicle has accumulated mileage in
typical operation on public streets and has received typical
maintenance.
    (ii) In lieu of procuring small-volume in-use verification test
vehicles that have a minimum odometer reading of 50,000 miles, a
manufacturer may demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Agency that,
based on owner survey data, the average mileage accumulated after 4
years for a given test group is less than 50,000 miles. The Agency may
approve a lower minimum odometer reading based on such data.
    (iii) The provisions of Sec.  86.1845-04(c)(2) that require one
vehicle of each test group during high mileage in-use verification
testing to have a minimum odometer mileage do not apply.
    (iv) Manufacturers intending to use the provisions of paragraphs
(c)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section shall submit to the Agency, prior to
the certification of the subject vehicles, a plan detailing how these
provisions will be met.
0
175. Section 86.1843-01 is amended by revising paragraph (g) to read as
follows:

Sec.  86.1843-01  General information requirements.

* * * * *
    (g) Recordkeeping. (1) This subpart includes various requirements
to record data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store
these records in any format and on any media and keep them readily
available for eight years after you send an associated application for
certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do
not support an application for certification. You must promptly send us
organized, written records in English upon request. We may review them
at any time.
    (2) Upon written request by the Administrator, a manufacturer shall
submit any information as described in Sec.  86.1844-01 within 15
business days. A manufacturer may request the Administrator to grant an
extension. The request must clearly indicate the circumstances
necessitating the extension.
* * * * *
0
176. Section 86.1844-01 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (d)(7),
(d)(8), (d)(9), (d)(11), and (d)(16)(i) introductory text, removing
paragraph (d)(16)(iv), and adding paragraph (e)(7) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1844-01  Information requirements: Application for
certification and submittal of information upon request.

    (a) All the information listed in this section must be submitted to
the Agency according to the requirements specified in Sec.  86.1843;
however, we may ask you to include less information than we specify, as
long as you keep the specified records.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (7) A comprehensive list of all test results, including official
certification levels, and the applicable intermediate and full useful
life emission standards to which the test group is to be certified as
required in Sec.  86.1829-01. Also include a comparison of drive cycle
energy and target cycle energy relative to both inertia and road load
forces as specified in 40 CFR 1066.430 for each drive cycle or test
phase, as appropriate.
    (8) A statement that all applicable vehicles will conform to the
emission standards for which emission data is not being provided, as
allowed under Sec.  86.1806 or Sec.  86.1829. The statement shall
clearly identify the standards for which emission testing was not
completed.
    (9) Information describing each emission control diagnostic system
required by Sec.  86.1806, including all of the following:
    (i) A description of the functional operation characteristics of
the diagnostic system, with additional information demonstrating that
the system meets the requirements specified in Sec.  86.1806. Include
all testing and demonstration data submitted to the California Air
Resources Board for certification.
    (ii) The general method of detecting malfunctions for each
emission-related powertrain component.
    (iii) Any deficiencies, including resolution plans and schedules.
    (iv) A statement that the diagnostic system is adequate for the
performance warranty test described in 40 CFR part 85, subpart W.
    (v) For vehicles certified to meet the leak standard in Sec.
86.1813, a description of the anticipated test procedure. The
description must include, at a minimum, a method for accessing the fuel
system for measurements, and a method for pressurizing the fuel system
to perform the procedure specified in 40 CFR 1066.840 without involving
the fuel cap or filler neck.
* * * * *
    (11) A list of all auxiliary emission control devices (AECD)
installed on any applicable vehicles, including a justification for
each AECD, the parameters they sense and control, a detailed
justification of each AECD that results in a reduction in effectiveness
of the emission control system, and rationale for why it is not a
defeat device as defined under Sec.  86.1809. The following specific
provisions apply for AECDs:
    (i) For any AECD uniquely used at high altitudes, EPA may request
engineering emission data to quantify any emission impact and validity
of the AECD.
    (ii) For any AECD uniquely used on multi-fuel vehicles when
operated on fuels other than gasoline, EPA may request engineering
emission data to quantify any emission impact and validity of the AECD.
    (iii) For Tier 3 vehicles with spark-ignition engines, describe how
AECDs are designed to comply with the requirements of Sec.  86.1811-
17(d). Identify which components need protection through enrichment
strategies; describe the temperature limitations for those components;
and describe how the enrichment strategy corresponds to those
temperature limitations. We may also require manufacturers to submit
this information for certification related to Tier 2 vehicles.
* * * * *
    (16) * * *
    (i) A statement indicating that the manufacturer has conducted an
engineering analysis of the complete exhaust system to ensure that the
exhaust system has been designed:
* * * * *
    (e) * * *

    (7) The results of any production vehicle evaluation testing
required for OBD systems under Sec.  86.1806.
* * * * *
    Sec.  86.1845-01 [Removed]
0
177. Remove Sec.  86.1845-01.
0
178. Section 86.1845-04 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(3),
(b)(3) introductory text, (b)(4), (b)(5), (b)(6), (b)(7), and (c) to
read as follows:

Sec.  86.1845-04  Manufacturer in-use verification testing
requirements.

    (a) * * *
    (3) The following provisions apply regarding the possibility of
residual effects from varying fuel sulfur levels:
    (i) Vehicles certified to Tier 3 standards under Sec.  86.1811 must
always measure emissions over the FTP, then over the HFET (if
applicable), then over the US06 portion of the SFTP. If a Tier 3
vehicle meets all the applicable emission standards except the FTP or
HFET emission standard for NMOG+NOX, and a fuel sample from
the tested vehicle (representing the as-received condition) has a
measured fuel sulfur level exceeding 15 ppm when measured as described
in 40 CFR 1065.710, the manufacturer may repeat the FTP and HFET
measurements and use the new emission values as the official results
for that vehicle. For all other cases of testing Tier 3 vehicles,
measured emission levels from the first test will be considered the
official results for the test vehicle, regardless of any test results
from additional test runs. Where repeat testing is allowed, the vehicle
may operate for up to two US06 cycles (with or without measurement)
before repeating the FTP and HFET measurements. The repeat measurements
must include both FTP and HFET, even if the vehicle failed only one of
those tests, unless the HFET is not required for a particular vehicle.
Tier 3 vehicles may not undergo any other vehicle preconditioning to
eliminate fuel sulfur effects on the emission control system, unless we
approve it in advance.
    (ii) Upon a manufacturer's written request, prior to in-use
testing, that presents information to EPA regarding pre-conditioning
procedures designed solely to remove the effects of high sulfur in
gasoline from vehicles produced through the 2007 model year, EPA will
consider allowing such procedures on a case-by-case basis. EPA's
decision will apply to manufacturer in-use testing conducted under this
section and to any in-use testing conducted by EPA. Such procedures are
not available for complete HDVs. For model year 2007 and later Tier 2
vehicles, this provision can be used only in American Samoa, Guam, and
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and then only if low
sulfur gasoline is determined by the Administrator to be unavailable in
that specific location.
    (b) * * *
    (3) Number of test vehicles. For each test group, the minimum
number of vehicles that must be tested is specified in Table S04-06 and
Table S04-07 of this paragraph (b)(3). After testing the minimum number
of vehicles of a specific test group as specified in Table S04-06 or
S04-07 of this paragraph (b)(3), a manufacturer may test additional
vehicles upon request and approval by the Agency prior to the
initiation of the additional testing. Any additional testing must be
completed within the testing completion requirements shown in Sec.
86.1845-04(b)(4). The request and Agency approval (if any) shall apply
to test groups on a case by case basis and apply only to testing under
this paragraph. Separate approval will be required to test additional
vehicles under paragraph (c) of this section. In addition to any
testing that is required under Table S04-06 and Table S04-07, a
manufacturer shall test one vehicle from each evaporative/refueling
family for evaporative/refueling emissions. If a manufacturer believes
it is unable to procure the test vehicles necessary to test the
required number of vehicles in a test group, the manufacturer may
request, subject to Administrator approval, a decreased sample size for
that test group. The request shall include a description of the methods
the manufacturer has used to procure the required number of vehicles.
The approval of any such request, and the substitution of an
alternative sample size requirement for the test group, will be based
on a review of the procurement efforts made by the manufacturer to
determine if all reasonable steps have been taken to procure the
required test group size. Tables S04-06 and S04-07 follow:
* * * * *
    (4) Completion of testing. Testing of the vehicles in a test group
and evaporative/refueling family must be completed within 12 months of
the end of production of that test group (or evaporative/refueling
family) for that model year.
    (5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle of a test group shall be tested
in accordance with the Federal Test Procedure and the US06 portion of
the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as described in subpart B of
this part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with
applicable exhaust emission standards under this subpart. Test vehicles
subject to applicable exhaust CO2 emission standards under
this subpart shall also be tested in accordance with the highway fuel
economy test as described in part 600, subpart B, of this chapter.
    (ii) Manufacturers must measure PM emissions over the FTP and US06
driving schedules for at least 50 percent of the vehicles tested under
paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manufacturers must
demonstrate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard specified in Sec.
86.1813, if applicable, as described in this paragraph (b)(5)(iii).
Manufacturers must evaluate each vehicle tested under paragraph
(b)(5)(i) of this section. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at
least one vehicle from each leak family for a given model year.
Manufacturers may rely on OBD monitoring instead of testing as follows:
    (A) A vehicle is considered to pass the leak test if the OBD system
completed a leak check within the previous 750 miles of driving without
showing a leak fault code.
    (B) Whether or not a vehicle's OBD system has completed a leak
check within the previous 750 miles of driving, the manufacturer may
operate the vehicle as needed to force the OBD system to perform a leak
check. If the OBD leak check does not show a leak fault, the vehicle is
considered to pass the leak test.
    (C) If the most recent OBD leak check from paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(A)
or (B) of this section shows a fault code, the vehicle is presumed to
have failed the leak test. Manufacturers may perform the leak
measurement procedure described in 40 CFR 1066.840 for an official
result to replace the finding from the OBD leak check.
    (D) Manufacturers may not perform repeat OBD checks or leak
measurements to over-ride a failure under paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(C) of
this section.
    (iv) For non-gaseous fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each
evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the
supplemental 2-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission and refueling
emission procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test
vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission
and refueling standards under this subpart. For gaseous fueled
vehicles, one test vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall
be tested in accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative
emission and refueling emission

procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle
is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and
refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to
fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph
(b)(5)(ii) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum
number of vehicles as specified in Table S04-06 and Table S04-07 in
paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing under paragraph (b)(5)(i)
of this section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust
emissions under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this
section.
    (6) Each test vehicle not rejected based on the criteria specified
in appendix II to this subpart shall be tested in as-received
condition.
    (7) A manufacturer may conduct subsequent diagnostic maintenance
and/or testing of any vehicle. Any such maintenance and/or testing
shall be reported to the Agency as specified in Sec.  86.1847.
    (c) High-mileage testing--(1) Test groups. Testing must be
conducted for each test group.
    (2) Vehicle mileage. All test vehicles must have a minimum odometer
mileage of 50,000 miles. At least one vehicle of each test group must
have a minimum odometer mileage of 105,000 miles or 75 percent of the
full useful life mileage, whichever is less. See Sec.  86.1838-01(c)(2)
for small volume manufacturer mileage requirements.
    (3) Number of test vehicles. For each test group, the minimum
number of vehicles that must be tested is specified in Table S04-06 and
Table S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. After testing the
minimum number of vehicles of a specific test group as specified in
Table S04-06 and Table S04-07 in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, a
manufacturer may test additional vehicles upon request and approval by
the Agency prior to the initiation of the additional testing. Any
additional testing must be completed within the testing completion
requirements shown in Sec.  86.1845-04(c)(4). The request and Agency
approval (if any) shall apply to test groups on a case by case basis
and apply only to testing under this paragraph (c). In addition to any
testing that is required under Table S04-06 and Table S04-07, a
manufacturer shall test one vehicle from each evaporative/refueling
family for evaporative/refueling emissions. If a manufacturer believes
it is unable to procure the test vehicles necessary to test the
required number of vehicles in a test group as specified in Table S04-
06 or Table S04-07, the manufacturer may request, subject to
Administrator approval, a decreased sample size for that test group.
The request shall include a description of the methods the manufacturer
has used to procure the required number of vehicles. The approval of
any such request, and the substitution of an alternative sample size
requirement for the test group, will be based on a review of the
procurement efforts made by the manufacturer to determine if all
reasonable steps have been taken to procure the required test group
size.
    (4) Initiation and completion of testing. Testing of a test group
(or evaporative refueling family) must commence within 4 years of the
end of production of the test group (or evaporative/refueling family)
and be completed within 5 years of the end of production of the test
group (or evaporative/refueling family).
    (5) Testing. (i) Each test vehicle shall be tested in accordance
with the Federal Test Procedure and the US06 portion of the
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure as described in subpart B of this
part when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable
exhaust emission standards under this subpart. Test vehicles subject to
applicable exhaust CO2 emission standards under this subpart
shall also be tested in accordance with the highway fuel economy test
as described in part 600, subpart B of this chapter. One test vehicle
from each test group shall receive a Federal Test Procedure at high
altitude. The test vehicle tested at high altitude is not required to
be one of the same test vehicles tested at low altitude. The test
vehicle tested at high altitude is counted when determining the
compliance with the requirements shown in Table S04-06 and Table S04-07
in paragraph (b)(3) of this section or the expanded sample size as
provided for in this paragraph (c).
    (ii) Manufacturers must measure PM emissions over the FTP and US06
driving schedules for at least 50 percent of the vehicles tested under
paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section.
    (iii) Starting with model year 2018 vehicles, manufacturers must
evaluate each vehicle tested under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section
to demonstrate compliance with the Tier 3 leak standard specified in
Sec.  86.1813. In addition, manufacturers must evaluate at least one
vehicle from each leak family for a given model year. Manufacturers may
rely on OBD monitoring instead of testing as described in paragraph
(c)(5)(iii) of this section.
    (iv) For non-gaseous fueled vehicles, one test vehicle of each
evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in accordance with the
supplemental 2-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission procedures
described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle is tested
for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and refueling
standards under this subpart. For gaseous fueled vehicles, one test
vehicle of each evaporative/refueling family shall be tested in
accordance with the 3-diurnal-plus-hot-soak evaporative emission
procedures described in subpart B of this part, when such test vehicle
is tested for compliance with applicable evaporative emission and
refueling standards under this subpart. The test vehicles tested to
fulfill the evaporative/refueling testing requirement of this paragraph
(b)(5)(ii) will be counted when determining compliance with the minimum
number of vehicles as specified in Table S04-06 and table S04-07 in
paragraph (b)(3) of this section for testing under paragraph (b)(5)(i)
of this section only if the vehicle is also tested for exhaust
emissions under the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this
section.
    (6) Test condition. Each test vehicle not rejected based on the
criteria specified in appendix II to this subpart shall be tested in
as-received condition.
    (7) Diagnostic maintenance. A manufacturer may conduct subsequent
diagnostic maintenance and/or testing on any vehicle. Any such
maintenance and/or testing shall be reported to the Agency as specified
in Sec.  86.1847-01.
* * * * *
0
179. Section 86.1846-01 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1846-01  Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing
requirements.

    (a) General requirements. (1) Manufacturers must test, or cause
testing to be conducted, under this section when the emission levels
shown by a test group sample from testing under Sec.  86.1845 exceeds
the criteria specified in paragraph (b) of this section. The testing
required under this section applies separately to each test group and
at each test point (low and high mileage) that meets the specified
criteria. The testing requirements apply separately for each model
year. These provisions apply to heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty
engines starting with model year 2007. These provisions do not apply to
emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) [Reserved]
    (4) The provisions of Sec.  86.1845-04(a)(3) regarding fuel sulfur
effects apply equally to testing under this section.

    (b) Criteria for additional testing. (1) A manufacturer shall test
a test group or a subset of a test group as described in paragraph (j)
of this section when the results from testing conducted under Sec.
86.1845 show mean exhaust emissions for that test group of any
pollutant(s) (except CO2,CH4, and N2O)
to be equal to or greater than 1.30 times the applicable in-use
standard and a failure rate, among the test group vehicles, for the
corresponding pollutant(s) of fifty percent or greater.
    (i) This requirement does not apply to Supplemental FTP testing or
evaporative/refueling testing. Testing conducted at high altitude under
the requirements of Sec.  86.1845 will be included in determining if a
test group meets the criteria triggering testing required under this
section.
    (ii) The vehicle tested under the requirements of Sec.  86.1845-
04(c)(2) with a minimum odometer miles of 75% of useful life will not
be included in determining if a test group meets the triggering
criteria.
    (iii) The SFTP composite emission levels shall include the IUVP FTP
emissions, the IUVP US06 emissions, and the values from the SC03 Air
Conditioning EDV certification test (without DFs applied). The
calculations shall be made using the equations prescribed in Sec.
86.164. If more than one set of certification SC03 data exists (due to
running change testing or other reasons), the manufacturer shall choose
the SC03 result to use in the calculation from among those data sets
using good engineering judgment.
    (2) If fewer than 50 percent of the vehicles from a leak family
pass the leak test under Sec.  86.1845, EPA may require further leak
testing under this paragraph (b)(2). Testing under this section must
include five vehicles from the family. If all five of these vehicles
fail the test, the manufacturer must test five additional vehicles.
    EPA will determine whether to require further leak testing under
this section after providing the manufacturer an opportunity to discuss
the results, including consideration of any of the following
information, or other items that may be relevant:
    (i) Detailed system design, calibration, and operating information,
technical explanations as to why the individual vehicles tested failed
the leak emission standard.
    (ii) Comparison of the subject vehicles to other similar models
from the same manufacturer.
    (iii) Data or other information on owner complaints, technical
service bulletins, service campaigns, special policy warranty programs,
warranty repair data, state I/M data, and data available from other
manufacturer-specific programs or initiatives.
    (iv) Evaporative emission test data on any individual vehicles that
did not pass leak testing during IUVP.
    (c) Useful life. Vehicles tested under the provisions of this
section must be within the useful life specified for the emission
standards which were exceeded in the testing under Sec.  86.1845.
Testing should be within the useful life specified, subject to sections
207(c)(5) and (c)(6) of the Clean Air Act where applicable.
    (d) Number of test vehicles. A manufacturer must test a minimum of
ten vehicles of the test group or Agency-designated subset. A
manufacturer may, at the manufacturer's discretion, test more than ten
vehicles under this paragraph for a specific test group or Agency-
designated subset. If a manufacturer chooses to test more than the
required ten vehicles, all testing must be completed within the time
designated in the testing completion requirements of paragraph (g) of
this section. Any vehicles which are eliminated from the sample either
prior to or subsequent to testing, or any vehicles for which test
results are determined to be void, must be replaced in order that the
final sample of vehicles for which test results acceptable to the
Agency are available equals a minimum of ten vehicles. A manufacturer
may cease testing with a sample of five vehicles if the results of the
first five vehicles tested show mean emissions for each pollutant to be
less than 75.0 percent of the applicable standard, with no vehicles
exceeding the applicable standard for any pollutant.
    (e) Emission testing. Each test vehicle of a test group or Agency-
designated subset shall be tested in accordance with the Federal Test
Procedure and/or the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (whichever of
these tests performed under Sec.  86.1845 produces emission levels
requiring testing under this section) as described in subpart B of this
part, when such test vehicle is tested for compliance with applicable
exhaust emission standards under this subpart.
    (f) Geographical limitations. (1) Test groups or Agency-designated
subsets certified to 50-state standards: For low altitude testing no
more than 50 percent of the test vehicles may be procured from
California. The test vehicles procured from the 49 state area must be
procured from a location with a heating degree day 30 year annual
average equal to or greater than 4000.
    (2) Test groups or Agency-designated subsets certified to 49 state
standards: For low-altitude testing all vehicles shall be procured from
a location with a heating degree day 30 year annual average equal to or
greater than 4000.
    (3) Vehicles procured for high altitude testing may be procured
from any area provided that the vehicle's primary area of operation was
above 4000 feet.
    (g) Testing. Testing required under this section must commence
within three months of completion of the testing under Sec.  86.1845
which triggered the confirmatory testing and must be completed within
seven months of the completion of the testing which triggered the
confirmatory testing. Any industry review of the results obtained under
Sec.  86.1845 and any additional vehicle procurement and/or testing
which takes place under the provisions of Sec.  86.1845 which the
industry believes may affect the triggering of required confirmatory
testing must take place within the three month period. The data and the
manufacturers reasoning for reconsideration of the data must be
provided to the Agency within the three month period.
    (h) Limit on manufacturer conducted testing. For each manufacturer,
the maximum number of test group(s) (or Agency-designated subset(s)) of
each model year for which testing under this section shall be required
is limited to 50 percent of the total number of test groups of each
model year required to be tested by each manufacturer as prescribed in
Sec.  86.1845 rounded to the next highest whole number where
appropriate. For each manufacturer with only one test group under Sec.
86.1845, such manufacturer shall have a maximum potential testing
requirement under this section of one test group (or Agency-designated
subset) per model year.
    (i) Testing plan. Prior to beginning in-use confirmatory testing
the manufacturer must, after consultation with the Agency, submit a
written plan describing the details of the vehicle procurement,
maintenance, and testing procedures (not otherwise specified by
regulation) it intends to use. EPA must approve the test plan before
the manufacturer may start further testing.
    (j) Testing a subset. EPA may designate a subset of the test group
based on transmission type for testing under this section in lieu of
testing the entire test group when the results for the entire test
group from testing conducted under Sec.  86.1845 show mean emissions
and a failure rate which meet these criteria for additional testing.
0
180. Section 86.1848-10 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(7) to read
as follows:

Sec.  86.1848-10  Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of
certification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (7) All certificates of conformity issued are conditional upon
compliance with all the provisions of Sec. Sec.  86.1811 through
86.1816 and Sec. Sec.  86.1860 through 86.1862 both during and after
model year production. The manufacturer bears the burden of
establishing to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the terms
and conditions upon which each certificate was issued were satisfied.
For recall and warranty purposes, vehicles not covered by a certificate
of conformity will continue to be held to the standards stated or
referenced in the certificate that otherwise would have applied to the
vehicles.
    (i) Failure to meet the applicable fleet average standard will be
considered to be a failure to satisfy the terms and conditions upon
which the certificate was issued and the vehicles sold in violation of
the fleet average standard will not be covered by the certificate.
    (ii) Failure to comply fully with the prohibition against selling
credits that it has not generated or that are not available, as
specified in Sec.  86.1861, will be considered a failure to satisfy the
terms and conditions upon which the certificate was issued and the
vehicles sold in violation of this prohibition will not be covered by
the certificate.
    (iii) Failure to comply fully with the phase-in requirements of
Sec. Sec.  86.1811 through 86.1816 will be considered a failure to
satisfy the terms and conditions upon which the certificate was issued
and the vehicles sold that do not comply with the applicable standards,
up to the number needed to comply, will not be covered by the
certificate.
* * * * *
0
181. A new Sec.  86.1860-17 is added to subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1860-17  How to comply with the Tier 3 fleet-average
standards.

    (a) You must show that you meet the applicable fleet-average
NMOG+NOX standards from Sec. Sec.  86.1811 and 86.1816 and
the fleet-average evaporative emission standards from Sec.  86.1813 as
described in this section. Note that separate fleet-average
calculations are required for the FTP and SFTP exhaust emission
standards under Sec.  86.1811.
    (b) Calculate your fleet-average value for each model year for all
vehicle models subject to a separate fleet-average standard using the
following equation, rounded to the nearest 0.001 g/mile for
NMOG+NOX emissions and the nearest 0.001 g/test for
evaporative emissions:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21MY13.143

Where:

i = A counter associated with each separate Tier 3 test group.
b = The number of separate Tier 3 test groups to which you certify
your vehicles.
Ni> = The actual sales for the model year for test group
i.
FELi = The FEL selected for test group i. Disregard any
separate standards that apply for in-use testing or for testing
under high-altitude conditions.
Ntotal = The actual nationwide sales for the model year
for all your Tier 3 vehicles, except as described in paragraph (c)
of this section. The pool of vehicle models included in
Ntotal may vary by model year, and it may be different
for evaporative standards, FTP exhaust standards, and SFTP exhaust
standards in a given model year.

    (c) Do not include any of the following vehicles to calculate your
fleet-average value:
    (1) Vehicles that you do not certify to the standards of this part
because they are permanently exempted under 40 CFR part 85 or part
1068.
    (2) Exported vehicles.
    (3) Vehicles excluded under Sec.  86.1801.
    (d) Except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section, your
calculated fleet-average value may not exceed the corresponding fleet-
average standard for the model year.
    (e) You may generate or use emission credits related to your
calculated fleet-average value as follows:
    (1) You may generate emission credits as described in Sec.  86.1861
if your fleet-average value is below the corresponding fleet-average
standard.
    (2) You may use emission credits as described in Sec.  86.1861 if
your fleet-average value is above the corresponding fleet-average
standard. Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, you
must use enough credits for each model year to show that your adjusted
fleet average value does not exceed the fleet-average standard.
    (3) If you do not have enough emission credits to demonstrate
compliance with a fleet-average standard in a given model year, you may
carry forward a credit deficit for up to three model years. You may not
bank emission credits with respect to a given emission standard during
a model year in which you have a credit deficit in the same averaging
set. If you fail to meet the fleet-average standard for four
consecutive model years, the vehicles causing you to exceed the fleet-
average standard will be considered not covered by the certificate of
conformity. You will be subject to penalties on an individual-vehicle
basis for sale of vehicles not covered by a certificate of conformity.
    (f) If the applicable bin standards and FELs for all your vehicle
models are at or below a corresponding fleet-average standard for a
given model year, and you do not want to generate emission credits, you
may omit the calculations described in this section.
    (g) The deadline for offsetting debits as specified in paragraph
(e)(3) of this section serves as the starting date for calculating the
statute of limitations with respect to violating the requirements of
paragraph (e)(3) of this section, failing to satisfy the conditions
upon which a certificate was issued, and selling, offering for sale,
introducing or delivering into U.S. commerce, or importing vehicles not
covered by a certificate.
0
182. A new Sec.  86.1861-17 is added to subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1861-17  How do the NMOG+NOX and evaporative
emission credit programs work?

    You may use emission credits for purposes of certification to show
compliance with the applicable fleet-average NMOG+NOX
standards from Sec. Sec.  86.1811 and 86.1816 and the fleet-average
evaporative emission standards from Sec.  86.1813 as described in 40
CFR part 1037, subpart H, with certain exceptions and clarifications as
specified in this section. MDPVs are subject to the same provisions of
this section that apply to LDT4s. (a) Calculate emission credits as
described in this paragraph (a) instead of using the provisions of 40
CFR 1037.705. Calculate positive or negative emission

credits relative to the applicable fleet-average standard. Calculate
positive emission credits if your fleet-average level is below the
standard. Calculate negative emission credits if your fleet-average
value is above the standard. Calculate credits separately for each type
of standard and for each averaging set. Calculate emission credits
using the following equation, rounded to the nearest whole number:

Emission credit = Volume [middot] [Fleet average standard - Fleet
average value]

Where:

Emission credit = The positive or negative credit for each discrete
fleet-average standard, in units of vehicle-grams per mile for
NMOG+NOx and vehicle-grams per test for evaporative
emissions.
Volume = Sales volume in a given model year from the collection of
test groups covered by the fleet-average value, as described in
Sec.  86.1860.

    (b) The following restrictions apply instead of those specified in
40 CFR 1037.740:
    (1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section,
emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set, as
follows:
    (i) HDVs represent a separate averaging set with respect to all
emission standards.
    (ii) LDVs and LDTs together represent a single averaging set with
respect to NMOG+NOX emission standards. Note that FTP and
SFTP credits are not interchangeable.
    (iii) The following separate averaging sets apply for evaporative
emission standards:
    (A) LDV and LDT1 together represent a single averaging set.
    (B) LDT2 represents a single averaging set.
    (C) HLDT represents a single averaging set.
    (D) HDV represents a single averaging set.
    (2) You may exchange evaporative emission credits across averaging
sets as follows if you need additional credits to offset a deficit in
the final year of maintaining deficit credits as allowed under
paragraph (c) of this section:
    (i) You may exchange LDV/LDT1 and LDT2 emission credits.
    (ii) You may exchange HLDT and HDV emission credits.
    (3) Credits expire after five years. For example, credits you
generate in model year 2018 may be used only through model year 2023.
    (c) The credit-deficit provisions 40 CFR 1037.745 apply without
modification to the NMOG+NOX and evaporative emission
standards for Tier 3 vehicles.
    (d) The reporting and recordkeeping provisions of Sec.  86.1862
apply instead of those specified in 40 CFR 1037.730 and 1037.735.
    (e) The provisions of 40 CFR 1037.645 do not apply.
0
183. Section 86.1862-04 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1862-04  Maintenance of records and submittal of information
relevant to compliance with fleet-average standards.

    (a) Overview. This section describes reporting and recordkeeping
requirements for vehicles subject to the following fleet-average or
fleet-average standards:
    (1) Tier 2 NOX emission standard for light-duty vehicles
and light-duty trucks in Sec.  86.1811-04.
    (2) Tier 3 FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOX for light-
duty vehicles and light-duty trucks in Sec.  86.1811-17.
    (3) Tier 3 SFTP emission standard for NMOG+NOX for
light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks in Sec.  86.1811-17.
    (4) Tier 3 evaporative emission standards in Sec.  86.1813-17.
    (5) Tier 3 FTP emission standard for NMOG+NOX for heavy-
duty vehicles in Sec.  86.1816-18.
    (6) Cold-temperature NMHC standards in Sec.  86.1811-10.
    (b) Maintenance of records. (1) The manufacturer producing any
vehicles subject to a fleet-average standard under this subpart must
establish and maintain all the following information in organized and
indexed records for each model year:
    (i) Model year.
    (ii) Applicable fleet-average standard.
    (iii) Calculated fleet-average value.
    (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet-average value
achieved.
    (2) The manufacturer producing any vehicle subject to the
provisions in this section must keep all the following information for
each vehicle:
    (i) Model year.
    (ii) Applicable fleet-average standard.
    (iii) EPA test group.
    (iv) Assembly plant.
    (v) Vehicle identification number.
    (vi) The FEL and the fleet-average standard to which the vehicle is
certified.
    (vii) Information on the point of first sale, including the
purchaser, city, and state.
    (3) The manufacturer must retain all records required to be
maintained under this section for a period of eight years from the due
date for the annual report. Records may be stored in any format and on
any media, as long as manufacturers can promptly send EPA organized
written records in English if we ask for them. Manufacturers must keep
records readily available as EPA may review them at any time.
    (4) The Administrator may require the manufacturer to retain
additional records or submit information not specifically required by
this section.
    (5) EPA may void ab initio a certificate of conformity for a
vehicle certified to emission standards as set forth or otherwise
referenced in this subpart for which the manufacturer fails to retain
the records required in this section, to provide such information to
the Administrator upon request, or to submit the reports required in
this section in the specified time period.
    (c) Reporting. (1) Each manufacturer must submit an annual report.
Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the annual
report must contain, for each applicable fleet average standard, the
fleet average value achieved, all values required to calculate the
fleet-average value, the number of credits generated or debits
incurred, all the values required to calculate the credits or debits,
and sufficient information to show compliance with all phase-in
requirements, if applicable. The annual report must also contain the
resulting balance of credits or debits.
    (2) When a manufacturer calculates compliance with the fleet-
average standard using the provisions in Sec.  86.1860-04(c)(2) or
Sec.  86.1860-17(f), the annual report must state that the manufacturer
has elected to use such provision and must contain the fleet-average
standard as the fleet-average value for that model year.
    (3) For each applicable fleet-average standard, the annual report
must also include documentation on all credit transactions the
manufacturer has engaged in since those included in the last report.
Information for each transaction must include all the following
information:
    (i) Name of credit provider.
    (ii) Name of credit recipient.
    (iii) Date the transfer occurred.
    (iv) Quantity of credits transferred.
    (v) Model year in which the credits were earned.
    (4) Unless a manufacturer reports the data required by this section
in the annual production report required under Sec.  86.1844-01(e) and
subsequent model year provisions, a manufacturer must submit an annual
report for each model year after production ends for all affected
vehicles produced by the manufacturer subject to the provisions of this
subpart and no later than May 1 of the calendar year following the
given model year. Annual reports must be submitted to: Director,
Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, 2000 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.
    (5) Failure by a manufacturer to submit the annual report in the
specified time period for all vehicles subject to the provisions in
this section is a violation of Clean Air Act section 203(a)(1) (42
U.S.C 7522(a)(1)) for each subject vehicle produced by that
manufacturer.
    (6) If EPA or the manufacturer determines that a reporting error
occurred on an annual report previously submitted to EPA, the
manufacturer's credit or debit calculations will be recalculated. EPA
may void erroneous credits, unless transferred, and must adjust
erroneous debits. In the case of transferred erroneous credits, EPA
must adjust the selling manufacturer's credit or debit balance to
reflect the sale of such credits and any resulting generation of
debits.
    (d) Notice of opportunity for hearing. Any voiding of the
certificate under paragraph (a)(6) of this section will be made only
after EPA has offered the manufacturer concerned an opportunity for a
hearing conducted in accordance with Sec.  86.614 for light-duty
vehicles and light-duty trucks and with 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G,
for heavy-duty vehicles.
0
184. Section 86.1863-07 is amended by adding introductory text to read
as follows:

Sec.  86.1863-07  Optional chassis certification for diesel vehicles.

    This section does not apply for vehicles certified to the Tier 3
standards in Sec.  86.1816-18, including those vehicles that certify to
the Tier 3 standards before model year 2018.
* * * * *
0
185. Section 86.1864-10 is amended by revising paragraph (p) to read as
follows:

Sec.  86.1864-10  How to comply with the fleet average cold temperature
NMHC standards.

* * * * *
    (p) Reporting and recordkeeping. Keep records and submit
information for demonstrating compliance with the fleet average cold
temperature NMHC standard as described in Sec.  86.1862-04.
0
186. Section 86.1868-12 is amended by revising paragraphs (f)(1) and
(g)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1868-12  CO2 credits for improving the efficiency
of air conditioning systems.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) The manufacturer shall perform the AC17 test specified in 40
CFR 1066.840 on each unique air conditioning system design and vehicle
platform combination for which the manufacturer intends to accrue air
conditioning efficiency credits. The manufacturer must test at least
one unique air conditioning system within each vehicle platform in a
model year, unless all unique air conditioning systems within a vehicle
platform have been previously tested. A unique air conditioning system
design is a system with unique or substantially different component
designs or types and/or system control strategies (e.g., fixed
displacement vs. variable displacement compressors, orifice tube vs.
thermostatic expansion valve, single vs. dual evaporator, etc.). In the
first year of such testing, the tested vehicle configuration shall be
the highest production vehicle configuration within each platform. In
subsequent model years the manufacturer must test other unique air
conditioning systems within the vehicle platform, proceeding from the
highest production untested system until all unique air conditioning
systems within the platform have been tested, or until the vehicle
platform experiences a major redesign. Whenever a new unique air
conditioning system is tested, the highest production configuration
using that system shall be the vehicle selected for testing. Air
conditioning system designs which have similar cooling capacity,
component types, and control strategies, yet differ in terms of
compressor pulley ratios or condenser or evaporator surface areas will
not be considered to be unique system designs. The test results from
one unique system design may represent all variants of that design.
Manufacturers must use good engineering judgment to identify the unique
air conditioning system designs which will require AC17 testing in
subsequent model years. Results must be reported separately for all
four phases (two phases with air conditioning off and two phases with
air conditioning on) of the test to the Environmental Protection
Agency, and the results of the calculations required in 40 CFR 1066.840
must also be reported. In each subsequent model year additional air
conditioning system designs, if such systems exist, within a vehicle
platform that is generating air conditioning credits must be tested
using the AC17 procedure.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) For each air conditioning system selected by the manufacturer
to generate air conditioning efficiency credits, the manufacturer shall
perform the AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure specified
in 40 CFR 1066.840, according to the requirements of this paragraph
(g).
* * * * *
0
187. Appendix I to Part 86 is amended by revising the appendix heading,
paragraph (a) before the table, paragraphs (b) and (c), and the
introductory text of paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 86--Dynamometer Schedules

    (a) EPA light-duty urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS).
This driving schedule is also known as the LA-4 cycle.
    (1) The driving schedule in this paragraph (a) applies for
light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles
certified under subpart S of this part.
    (2) The driving schedule in this paragraph (a) applies for
motorcycles with engine displacement at or above 170 cc. Calculate
the speed-versus-time sequence in kilometers per hour by multiplying
the listed speed by 1.6 and rounding to the nearest 0.1 kilometers
per hour.
    (3) The driving schedule follows:
* * * * *
    (b) EPA driving schedule for motorcycles with engine
displacement below 170 cc. Use the driving schedule specified in
paragraph (a)(2) of this appendix, except that the schedule
specified in this paragraph (b) applies for the portion of the
driving schedule from 164 to 332 seconds.

                       Speed Versus Time Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Time  (sec.)                         Speed  (kph)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
164.....................................................             3.4
165.....................................................             6.8
166.....................................................            10.3
167.....................................................            13.7
168.....................................................            17.1
169.....................................................            20.5
170.....................................................            23.0
171.....................................................            25.2
172.....................................................            26.7
173.....................................................            27.4
174.....................................................            26.6
175.....................................................            26.0
176.....................................................            25.6
177.....................................................            25.9
178.....................................................            26.1
179.....................................................            26.3
180.....................................................            26.7
181.....................................................            28.2
182.....................................................            27.5
183.....................................................            24.9
184.....................................................            23.5
185.....................................................            20.1
186.....................................................            18.3
187.....................................................            17.8
188.....................................................            18.8
189.....................................................            19.3
190.....................................................            20.7
191.....................................................            23.0
192.....................................................            25.4
193.....................................................            28.3
194.....................................................            31.6
195.....................................................            34.7
196.....................................................            37.5

197.....................................................            38.6
198.....................................................            40.7
199.....................................................            42.0
200.....................................................            43.6
201.....................................................            45.1
202.....................................................            46.7
203.....................................................            47.7
204.....................................................            48.5
205.....................................................            49.2
206.....................................................            49.2
207.....................................................            49.0
208.....................................................            48.9
209.....................................................            48.7
210.....................................................            48.7
211.....................................................            48.7
212.....................................................            48.7
213.....................................................            48.7
214.....................................................            48.9
215.....................................................            49.1
216.....................................................            49.6
217.....................................................            50.2
218.....................................................            50.9
219.....................................................            51.3
220.....................................................            51.8
221.....................................................            52.4
222.....................................................            52.8
223.....................................................            53.4
224.....................................................            54.1
225.....................................................            55.1
226.....................................................            56.0
227.....................................................            56.6
228.....................................................            56.9
229.....................................................            57.0
230.....................................................            56.9
231.....................................................            56.6
232.....................................................            56.6
233.....................................................            56.8
234.....................................................            57.1
235.....................................................            57.5
236.....................................................            57.7
237.....................................................            58.1
238.....................................................            58.3
239.....................................................            58.6
240.....................................................            58.7
241.....................................................            58.7
242.....................................................            58.5
243.....................................................            58.5
244.....................................................            58.5
245.....................................................            58.5
246.....................................................            58.5
247.....................................................            58.5
248.....................................................            58.4
249.....................................................            58.1
250.....................................................            57.8
251.....................................................            57.1
252.....................................................            56.6
253.....................................................            56.2
254.....................................................            55.9
255.....................................................            55.6
256.....................................................            55.5
257.....................................................            55.8
258.....................................................            55.9