 DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 2006 Community Water System Survey Draft Questionnaire Version 6 May 12, 2006 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 1 Please provide the name, title, and telephone number of the most knowledgeable person to contact for information. Also, please provide the name of the responder if it does not match the label:

A. Part I   Operating Characteristics B. Part II   Financial Characteristics ( Write " SAME" if same as A)

Name:

Title:

Tel. No.

Fax No.

e mail:

2 This survey will ask you to provide operating and financial information for your public water system for the most recent 12 month period for which data are available. Please specify below the end dates for which data are provided.

A Operating information ( end date) mm dd yy B Financial information ( end date) mm dd yy DRAFT 1 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 3 Please classify your water system using the following criteria. ( Please check one only)

4 A Do you have regular access to a computer for sending and receiving information?

Yes No ( Skip to question 5)

B Do any of your computers have the following features? ( Please check all that apply)

1 Microsoft Excel 2 Microsoft Access 3 CD drive 4 DVD player C What access do you have to the internet ( please check one )?

1 High speed internet access ( e. g., cable, DSL, wireless, or T1)

2 Dial up modem access 3 No access Owned and operated by a government or public agency ( not including government owned systems that hire a private company to operate the system)

Owned privately and operated for profit primarily as a water business ( e. g., American Water Company)

Owned privately and not operated for profit ( e. g., a homeowners association or a non profit cooperative)

Owned privately and operated as a necessary part of another business ( e. g., a mobile home park)

Owned by a government or public agency and operated by a private contractor DRAFT 2 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT Term Example Code Definition Figure 1: Sample Diagram of Intakes, Treatment Plants, and Entry Points Surface water intake S1, S2 A surface water intake refers to the structure at the surface water source ( flowing stream, lake, reservoir, or ground water under the direct influence of surface water) that permits the withdrawal of the water from that source. ( See accompanying diagram).

Ground water source G1, G2,

G3, G4 A ground water source refers to the connection of untreated water from one or more wells to a water treatment plant or directly into the distribution system. Where the water from multiple wells flows through a common pipe prior to entry into the treatment plant or distribution system, the combined flow is considered one ground water source. ( See accompanying diagram.)

Purchased water connection P1, P2 A purchased water connection refers to the transmission of water from the seller's water system to a water treatment plant or directly into the distribution system of the purchaser's water system. ( See accompanying diagram.)

Water treatment plant WTP 1,

WTP 2 Buyer B1, B2 A water treatment plant is any facility where water is filtered, disinfected, and/ or otherwise treated prior to its transmission into the distribution system ( or its conveyance to another purchasing water system). For the purposes of this survey, simple disinfection only or pH adjustment prior to entry into the distribution system are considered to be a water treatment plant. Other examples include large scale filtration plants and chemical feed on wells for disinfection. It does not include facilities within the distribution system that boost disinfection.

A buyer refers to any system/ source where ownership is transferred to another party for a monetary value.

The following definitions of the components of a water system are used in this survey. Figure 1 is an example of a schematic of a water system showing water sources,

treatment plants, transmission lines, and the distribution system.

Please refer to these definitions and the schematic for an explanation of the terms used in questions 6 through 11. Please submit diagrams or schematics, using figure 1 as a guide.

Please note that the identifier numbers used in the questions do not refer to specific items in figure 1. For example, use ` S1' to refer to your first surface water source,

regardless of whether it is a flowing stream, as depicted in the schematic, or another surface water source.

DRAFT 3 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT Entry point E1, E2, E3,

E4 An entry point is where treated or untreated potable water enters into the water system's distribution system.

DRAFT 4 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 5 Please draw your schematic here or submit a schematic on a separate sheet of paper. Figure 1 is an example of the type of schematic required.

DRAFT 5 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 6 Provide the following information for the ground water sources, surface water intakes, and purchased water connections for this water system.

MG is millions of gallons of water.

MGD is millions of gallons per day.

If the source is used on a seasonal or emergency basis, the average daily amount is for the days the source is used.

A Ground water sources grouped by entry point to the distribution system.

Ground water sources grouped by entry point to the distribution system How many individual wells supply each ground water entry point? Is this a seasonal source?

( Yes or No) Is this an emergency source?

( Yes or No) If this is a seasonal or emergency source, how many months was it used in the 12 month period reported in question 2A? Is the water from these wells treated by your system?

( Yes or No) What is the total amount of water drawn from these wells in the 12 month period reported in question 2A?

( MG) On average, how much water is drawn from these wells on a typical day that they were used during the reporting period in question 2A?

( MGD) Estimate the maximum daily amount of water that can be drawn from the wells that supply each ground water entry point. 1 ( MGD)

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 1. If there is no limit on the amount of water that can be withdrawn, enter " no limit" here.

Limits on the availablity of water include source capacity, contractual obligations, permits, water rights, and legal constraints.

Limits also include current equipment constraints imposed by system components, pumps, and water treatment plant capacity.

DRAFT 6 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT B. Surface water intake identifiers.

What is the source for each surface water intake?

( Please select one)

1) Flowing stream,

2) Reservoir or lake,

3) GWUDI 1 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 1. GWUDI is ground water under the direct influence of surface water.

2. If there is no limit on the amount of water that can be withdrawn, enter " no limit" here.

Limits on the availablity of water include source capacity, contractual obligations, permits, water rights, and legal constraints.

Limits also include constraints imposed by system components, pumps, and water treatment plant capacity. Estimate the maximum daily amount of water that can be drawn from each surface water intake. 2 Is the water from this intake treated by your system?

( Yes or No ) What is the total amount of water drawn from this source in the 12 month period reported in question 2A?

( MG)

Surface water intake identifiers If this is a seasonal or emergency source, how many months was it used in the 12 month period reported in question 2A?

Is this a seasonal source?

( Yes or No ) On average, how much water is drawn from this source on a typical day that it was used during the reporting period in question 2A?

( MGD)

Is this an emergency source?

( Yes or No )

DRAFT 7 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT C. Purchased water connections. When you purchase this water, is it one of the following?

( Please select one): What is the source of the purchased water?

( Please select one)

1) Finished,

2) Partially treated,

3) Untreated,

4) Unknown 1) Ground,

2) Surface,

3) GWUDI 1 4) Unknown P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 1. GWUDI is ground water under the direct influence of surface water.

2. If there is no limit on the amount of water that can be withdrawn, enter " no limit" here.

Limits on the availablity of water include source capacity, contractual obligations, permits, and legal constraints.

Limits also include constraints imposed by system components, pipeline carrying capacity, and water treatement plant capacity. Estimate the maximum daily amount of water that can be drawn from each purchased water connection. 2 Do you boost disinfection of water from this source after it enters the distribution system?

( Yes or No) What is the total amount of water drawn from this source in the 12 month period reported in question 2A?

( MG) On average,

how much water is drawn from this connection on a typical day that it was used during the reporting period in question 2A?

( MGD)

Do you provide any other treatment to this water?

( Yes or No )

Purchased water connections Provide the PWSIDs or name of the sellers for each connection.

A seller can appear more than once. Is this a seasonal source?

( Yes or No) If this is a seasonal or emergency source, how many months was it used in the 12 month period reported in question 2A?

Is this an emergency source?

( Yes or No)

DRAFT 8 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 7 Provide the following information for each water treatment plant in this water system. A water treatment plant is any facility that treats or otherwise improves the quality of the water. It includes large scale filtration plants, chemical feed on wells for disinfection, and facilities that adjust pH prior to entry to the distribution system. It does not include facilities within the distribution system that boost disinfection.

Average daily production is the total amount of water produced by the plant divided by the number of days the plant was in use in the twelve month reporting in question 2A. Mathematically, it is the sum of all the daily flows divided by the number of daily flows. Design capacity refers to the maximum amount of water the plant can produce in a single 24 hour period with all treatment trains operating at capacity. Peak daily production refers to the maximum amount produced in a single day over the twelve month reporting period in question 2A.

Water treatment plant identifier List all of the surface, ground, and purchased water sources from question 6 that feed into each water treatment plant. What was the average daily production of each water treatment plant for the twelve month period reported in question 2A? What was the design capacity for each water treatment plant for the twelve month period reported in question 2A? What was the peak daily production for each water treatment plant for the twelve month period reported in question 2A?

WTP1 WTP2 WTP3 WTP4 WTP5 WTP6 WTP7 WTP8 WTP9 WTP10 DRAFT 9 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT Use the treatement processes in table 1 and the objectives in table 2 to describe the treatement prceseds used by each plant in question 9.

Table 1: Treatment Processes Codes Table 2: Treatment Objectives Codes Treatment Code Treatment Code Treatment Code Disinfection Filtration ( continued) Algae control O1 Chlorine T1 Rapid sand single media T24 Corrosion control O2 Chlorine dioxide T2 Rapid sand dual/ multi media T24 Primary disinfection O3 Chloramines only T3 Rapid granular single media T25 Residual disinfection O4 Chloramines with free Rapid granular dual/ multi media T26 Dechlorination O5 chlorine burnout period T4 Oxidation O6 Chloramines and free Membranes Iron removal O7 chlorine seasonally T5 Reverse osmosis T27 Manganese removal O8 Ozone T6 Microfiltration T28 Taste/ odor control O10 Ultra violet T7 Ultrafiltration T29 TOC removal O11 Potassium Permanganate T8 Nanofiltration T30 Particulate/ Turbidity Removal O12 Softening ( hardness removal) O13 Aeration T9 Other Recarbonation O14 Coagulant Addition/ Rapid Mix T10 Corrosion control T31 Organic chemical contaminant removal ( e. g., VOCs, pesticides) O15 Flocculation T11 Ion exchange T32 Inorganic chemical contaminant removal ( e. g., arsenic) O16 Settling/ sedimentation T12 Activated alumina T33 Radionuclides contaminant removal O17 Lime/ soda ash softening T13 Iron based adsorptive media T34 Security O18 Polymers T14 Sequestration T35 Ion exchange T15 Fluoride addition T36 Other ( 1) O19 Recarbonation T16 Dissolved air flotation T37 Other ( 2) O20 Granular activated carbon T38 Other ( 3) O21 Filtration Centrally managed POU/ POE T39 Micro strainer T17 Clearwell T40 Slow sand filter T18 Bag and cartridge T19 Other ( 1) T41 Diatomaceous earth T20 Other ( 2) T42 Pressure filtration T21 Other ( 3) T43 Green sand T22 DRAFT 10 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 8 Using the water treatment plant identifiers from question 7, characterize the treatment practices used in each of your system's treatment plants.

 Please enter the treatment process and objective for each step of the treatment practice. Use the codes from tables 1 and 2 above.

 There are a total of 15 steps available to select these processes and objectives. Each step may have up to three processes and objectives. Copy this page if you have more than 10 plants or use more than 15 steps in a single plant.

 Do not include disinfection booster stations that are within the distribution system.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 Step 13 Step 14 Step 15 Process T9 T1 T8 T12 T22 T40 T3 Objective O3 O6 O12 O4 Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Process Objective Use treatment codes T41, T42, and T43 for any treatment process you use Use treatment codes O19, O20, and O21 for any objective that is not listed. Please specify what each process is: that is not listed. Please specify what each objective is:

T41: Other ( 1) O19: Other ( 1)

T42: Other ( 2) O20: Other ( 2)

T43: Other ( 3) O21: Other ( 3)

WTP 8 WTP 9 WTP 10 WTP 4 WTP 5 WTP 6 WTP 7 WTP WTP 1 WTP 2 WTP 3 Example DRAFT 11 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 9 Using the water treatment plant identifiers from question 7, indicate if the specified residuals management practices are used and provide the requested information regarding potential discharge. ( Yes or No for each category)

Do you use the following residual management process in the following water treatment plants?

( use the water treatment plant numbers from Question 8)

Dewatering Disposal Waste landfill Waterway Septic system Sanitary sewer Water treatment plant identifier Hazardous waste landfill Nonhazardous waste landfill Can you discharge to a waterway ( surface water)? If yes, do you discharge to a waterway? Can you discharge to a septic system? If yes, do you discharge to a septic water source? Can you discharge to a sanitary sewer? If yes, do you discharge to a sanitary sewer?

WTP 1 WTP 2 WTP 3 WTP 4 WTP 5 WTP 6 WTP 7 WTP 8 WTP 9 WTP 10 Deep well injection Mechanical dewatering ( e. g. belt presses, centrifuges,

pressure filters, and vacuum filters) Nonmechanical dewatering ( e. g., lagoons,

drying beds,

and freeze assisted drying beds) Land application ( e. g., beneficial use)

DRAFT 12 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT [ QUESTION 11 ASKED OF VERY LARGE SYSTEMS ONLY]

10 A Is your system currently treating ( directly or indirectly) for any contaminants not regulated by the federal government? ( Directly means that the treatment in place is due to the presence of the unregulated contaminant. Indirectly means that the unregulated contaminant is being addressed because of current treatment practices for a regulated contaminant).

Yes No ( Skip to question 11)

B Please provide the following information about unregulated contamaninants addressed by your treatment plants.

If known, please provide the concentration of the unregulated contaminant in the raw and finished water as it leaves the plant. Enter N/ A if unknown. Enter ND if the contaminant was not detected. Please provide the units as well ( e. g.,

mg/ L).

Raw water Finished Water Concentration Units Concentration Units What water treatment plant treats for the unregulated contaminant ( use plant identifiers from questions 8)?

What are the unregulated contaminants that are being addressed by your treatment plants? Is the plant treating directly for this contaminant, i. e., is it in place to treat specifically for this contaminant?

DRAFT 13 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 11 A List the storage vessels in the distribution system. If you have more than 10 B Do you use any of the following practices to maintain water quality vessels, copy this page and provide the information for additional tanks. Use the in storage vessels in your system? ( Check all that apply)

definitions of vessel type and arrangement of inlets and outlets that are in the table below. Fully or partially buried 500,000 5 4 2.5 Common inlet and Types of vessels include: Arrangements of inlets and outlets 1 Fully or partially buried 1 Common inlet and outlet 2 Ground level 2 Separate inlet and outlet 3 Elevated 3 Baffled 4 Hydro pneumatic 4 Mixed 5 Standpipes 5 Other 6 Other Increase or switch disinfectant residual Modeling or other detention time evaluations Longer fill/ draw cycles to increase mixing Inlet/ outlet modifications Mechanical mixing ST 8 ST 9 ST 10 Operational modifications to maintain disinfectant residual ST 4 ST 5 Other ( please specify)

ST 6 ST 7 St Example ST 1 ST 2 ST 3 Vessel What is the physical arrangement of inlets and outlets?

Type of vessel Volume of vessel ( gallons) What is the frequency of cleaning ( typical number of years between cleanings) What is the typical detention time of the water in the vessel ( in days)?

Winter Months Summer Months DRAFT 14 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 12 Estimate the length of the transmission lines and distribution mains in your system, and length of pipe replaced in the last five years.

Replaced pipe is pipe that has either been physically removed from the ground or has had major rehabilitation efforts done to it.

A transmission line is defined as a pipeline that transports raw or partially treated water to a water treatment plant or finished water to a distribution grid.

A distribution main is defined as part of the pipeline network that distributes water to the consumers. Distribution System Transmission Line Transmission Line 6" 8" Greater than 10" and Less than 24"

1. Ending on the date shown in your answer to question 2A. Water Treatment Plant Source Less than 6"

10"

24" or greater Transmission lines Pipe Type and Diameter Mains Length of Pipe ( In Miles) Length of Pipe Replaced in the Last 5 Years 1 ( In Miles)

DRAFT 15 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 13 A Please provide the following information about each pressure zone in your distribution system.

1 How many pressure zones do you have in your distribution system?

2 How many pressure zones have booster disinfection stations?

3 How many booster disinfection stations do you have throughout your distribution system?

4 a What is the typical minimum daily operating pressure across all the pressure zones in your system?

b What is the typical maximum daily operating pressure across all the pressure zones in your system?

B If your system has experienced a loss of pressure during the past operating year below the minimum listed in part A of this question, please tell us the number of pressure losses that occurred for each of the following reasons:

1 Power outage 2 Fire 3 Main pipeline burst 4 Other ( such as maintenance, flushing; please specify)

14 Do you flush your distribution system on a regular basis?

Yes No ( If No, skip to question 17)

15 What percentage of the distribution system is flushed each year on a regular basis? %

16 What approach is used when you flush your system on a regular basis?

A Directional ( restricting the direction water can flow)

B Random ( opening hydrants on lines without closing valves or restricting the direction of water flow)

C Dead end ( opening a hydrant or flush valve on the dead end line)

D Other ( specify)

17 A If you do not flush your system on a regular basis, have you ever flushed your system?

Yes No ( If No, skip to question 18)

B 1 What was the last year you flushed your system?

2 What year did you flush the system before that?

DRAFT 16 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT ( Enter " NA" if you only flushed the system once).

DRAFT 17 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 18 Please provide the following data on disinfection residuals for one summer month ( June, July, August, September) and one winter month ( December, January, February). Average Entry Point Disinfectant Residual for the Treatment Plant with the Highest Average Daily Flow ( mg/ L) Distribution system Surface water entry point 1 Ground water entry point Average distribution disinfectant residual ( mg/ L)

( mg/ L as CL2) ( mg/ L as CL2) ( mg/ L as CL2)

Season Month Total CL2 Free CL2 Total CL2 Free CL2 Total CL2 Free CL2 Total CL2 Summer %

Winter %

1. Surface water entry points includes ground water under the direct influence of surface water. If the plant treats both surface and ground water,

report the results in the surface water entry points columns.

[ QUESTIONS 19 ASKED OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SYSTEMS ONLY]

19 Please list the 5 digit ZIP codes included in your service area Percentage of Distribution System Samples < 0.2 mg/ L,

including nondetects DRAFT 18 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 20 Please answer the following questions about water security. Enter Yes or No A 1 Has your water system attended any EPA sponsored water security training?

2 Have you used EPA's web based water security technology product guides?

3a Do you have sufficient information to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from security incidents at your water system?

3b If " no," what information is lacking? __________________________________________________________________________________

4 Have you heard of EPA's Response Protocol Toolbox?

5 Have you heard of the 14 features of an " active and effective" water security program?

B 1 Have you heard of mutual aid and assistance agreements and/ or compacts? ( If no, skip to section C)

2 Would you be interested in joining such an agreement and/ or compact?

3 If not, please answer why not ______________________________________________________________________________________

C What are the two largest barriers to enhancing security at your system? ( Please select only 2)

1 Lack of interest at they system, public, or rate board level 2 Competing priorities ( regulatory compliance, aging infrastructure, etc.)

3 Lack of funding 4 Lack of knowledge/ guidance / training materials 5 Other ( Please specify)

D Who do you prefer to get Water Security Information/ Products from? ( pick one)

1 Department of Homeland Security 2 EPA 3 Water Associations 4 Other ( Please specify)

DRAFT 19 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 21 A Please complete the table below for the 12 month period indicated in question 2b, B Please indicate your water system's revenue during the last following the instructions for each of the four columns. year from other water related revenue sources.

Column A: What was the amount of water that was produced and delivered to each of 1 Connection and development fees $

the following customer categories? Report the amount in millions of gallons per year 2 Revenue from the Government ( e. g. General ( MGY). Unaccounted for water includes system losses and uncompensated uses fund of Municipal Government, public ( e. g., fire flow). systems only): $

3 Other water related revenue not reported Columns B and C: How many connections and people did your drinking water above ( e. g., fines, penalties, other fees. $

system serve year round? Please indicate the number of connections and number of Please specify )

people served by your water system for all customer types that apply.

Column D: What were your drinking water system's revenues from water sales for each of the following customer categories? ( Enter " 0" if you do not have revenue C Provide the PWSID or name of each public water supplier from a source.) included in the response to part A1 above.

Column A Column B Column C Column D 1 Finished water Water Number of Number of Water Quantity Connections People Sales Delivered Served Served Revenue 1 Sold to other water suppliers a Finished water MGY $

b Partially treated or untreated water MGY $ 2 Partially treated or untreated water 2 Residential MGY $

3 Non residential ( Commercial, Industrial, Agricultural)

a Finished water MGY $

b Partially treated or D Please indicate the revenue you receive from untreated water MGY $ non drinking water related business, not included above, including rental income and the 4 Unaccounted for water MGY sale of other goods and services: $

DRAFT 20 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 22 Please identify your drinking water system's billing structure [ QUESTIONS 24 ASKED OF SMALL, MEDIUM, SYSTEMS ONLY]

( check all that apply). Non 24 A Does your system serve a residential population that changes on a Residential residential seasonal basis? The seasonal population is considered the population A Metered charges Customers Customers that fluctuates within a system based on the seasons. For example, the 1 Uniform rate population of a water system serving a winter or summer resort area has 2 Declining block rate an influx during certain periods of the year. ( Please check Yes or No )

3 Increasing block rate Yes 4 Peak period rate ( e. g., seasonal) No ( Skip to question 25)

B Unmetered charges 5 Separate flat fee for water 6 Annual connection fee 7 Combined flat fee for water 25 Please enter the average number of hours operators, mangers, and and other services ( e. g., rental feeds, administrative staff work in the water system each week. Please include association fees, pad fees): contract employees that operate the system. For staff employed directly by C Other billing methods ( please specify ): the system, enter the average hourly wage or salary of each. Enter the cost of fringe benefits provided as a percentage of wages or salaries. ( Fringe benefits include pension and other retirement contributions, health insurance 23 A Does your system have a program that lowers the cost of drinking water contributions, vacation and sick leave.) For contract employees that operate for low or fixed income households? ( Please check one) the system, provide the average hourly cost to the system of the contract employees ( inlcuding wages, salaries, benefits, and fees).

Yes No ( Go to question 33) Contract employees B What are the eligibility requirements for this program? Hours per that operate week Employees of the system: the system employees Benefits as a work in the Average percentage Average water hourly of salary or hourly labor Staff system wage/ salary wages cost A Operators $ % $

C How many households qualify B Managers $ % $

for the program? C Administrative staff $ % $

Please indicate the highest seasonal number of residential connections.

B DRAFT 21 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT 26 This question is intended to account for all of your drinking water expenses 27 A If you have paid for major capital improvements, repairs, or related to the revenues referred to in question 21 A and B. expansions in the last five years ending on the date reported in question 2b, please indicate the total amount spent on these capital A Please attach available summaries of financial statements, including a expenditures balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. Please attach a depreciation schedule, if one is available. ( I. e., a program defining 1 a Land: $

your process for depreciating the value of capital improvements.) b How much land was purchased ( acres):

B Please enter the following routine operating expenses in the last year: 2 Water source: $

1 Expenses for purchased water: $ 3 Transmission and distribution system: $

2 Security related expenses ( spending for security only, e. g., gates, locks, or guards) $ 4 Treatment $

3 Other routine operating expenses ( including 5 Storage $

expenses for labor, chemicals, power, materials and supplies, and contractor services): $ 6 Security ( include security related spending not included in other capital 4 Depreciation expenses: $ expenditures) $

5 Income taxes ( privately owned systems): $ 7 All other not included above: $

6 Payments in lieu of taxes and other payments B What percentage of the total capital expenditures identified in part A to the general fund ( publicly owned systems): $ were used for the following ( must sum to 100 percent):

C Please enter the amount of debt service expenditures in the last year: 1 System expansion, regardless of whether expenditure includes replacement and repair 7 Interest payments: $ of equipment or compliance with requlations %

8 Principal payments: $ 2 Replacement and repair of equipment, regardless of whether it includes compliance with regulations D Other Expenses but excluding spending for system expansion %

9 Capital improvements: $ 3 Compliance with regulations, excluding expenditures for system expansion and replacement 10 Payments to reserve funds: $ and repair of equipment %

DRAFT 22 DRAFT DRAFT CWSS 2006 Questionnaire DRAFT C How were the total expenses from question 35A funded? Percentage of capital expenses For borrowed funds, please provide the:

funded from each source ( should sum to 100 percent) Average Interest Rate Average Length of Loan Period ( Years)

1 Current revenue ( including payments from reserve funds): %

2 Equity or other funds from private investors %

3 Department of Homeland Security Grant %

4 Other government grants: %

5 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund a Principal Repayment Forgiveness: %

b Loans % %

6 Other borrowing from public sector sources ( e. g., state or regional authorities): % %

7 Borrowing from private sector sources ( e. g., banks or the bond market): % %

8 Other ( please specify): % %

28 A Do you have an asset management plan or other formal written strategy addressing your long term ( e. g., 20 years or more) needs for infrastructure rehabilitation and replacement?

Yes No DRAFT 23 DRAFT


63 ATTACHMENT 1: Informational Slide Show 125 ATTACHMENT 2: Slide Show Script 132 ATTACHMENT 3: Full Text of Stated Preference Survey Component 145 ATTACHMENT 4: Federal Register Notice 154 ATTACHMENT 5: Description of Statistical Survey Design 155 Details of Statistical Design for 316( b) Stated Preference Survey This attachment discusses the statistical design for the proposed 316( b) choice experiment survey.

General Approach to Experimental Design Experimental design for the proposed choice experiment survey follows established practices published in the literature. Fractional factorial design is used to construct choice questions with an orthogonal array of attribute levels, with questions randomly assigned to individual respondents ( Louviere et al. 2000; Louviere 1988). Unlike paper ( e. g., mail) surveys, the proposed internet survey approach allows for random assignment of questions from the experimental design to individual respondents,

thereby eliminating the need to assign ( or " block") the questions to predetermined survey versions. This has numerous advantages, among them the elimination of any unanticipated anchoring or sequence effects that might result from a pre established ordering of questions in particular survey versions. Based on standard choice experiment experimental design procedures ( Louviere et al. 2000), the number of questions per respondent ( 3) is determined by: a] the number of attributes in the final experimental design and complexity of questions, b] particular interactions and higher level effects for which estimates are desired, and c] pretests revealing the number of choice experiment questions that respondents are willing/ able to answer in a single survey session, and d] the number of attributes that may be varied within each question while maintaining respondents' ability to make appropriate neoclassical tradeoffs.

Based on the general approach outlined above and recommendations in the literature, EPA has created an experimental design that allows for an ability to estimate main effects, quadratic effects, and two way interactions between policy attributes ( Louviere et al. 2000). Choice sets ( Bennett and Blamey 2001), including variable level selection, have been designed based on the goal of illustrating policy scenarios that " span the range over which we expect respondents to have preferences, and/ or are practically achievable" ( Bateman et al. 2002, p. 259), and that are viewed as realistic by respondents.

Details of the Proposed Experimental Design The experimental design was conducted by a Donald Anderson, President of StatDesign, Inc., a statistician with significant experience in experimental designs for choice experiments ( e. g., Johnston et al. 2003; Newell and Swallow 2002) As noted above, the experimental design allows for both main effects, quadratic effects, and selected two way interactions to be efficiently estimated, based on a choice experiment framework.

Each treatment ( survey question) includes two choice Options ( indicated by subscripts A and B),

characterized by four attributes that vary across the two choice options ( Fish Saved, Population Change,

Catch Change, and Household Cost). Hence, there are a total of eight attributes for each treatment. 156 Based on focus groups and pretests, and guided by realistic ranges of attribute outcomes, EPA allows for four different potential levels for Fish Saved, Population Change, and Catch Change, and allows for five different levels of monthly Household Cost. Levels for attributes were chosen to: a] span a range of sufficient width to capture all realistic policy combinations, b] account for the statistical implications of choice set design ( Hanemann and Kanninen 1999), and c] provide policy options viewed as feasible by respondents, to minimize potential protest responses. To this end, results of focus groups were indispensable in developing appropriate choice sets ( Bennett and Blamey 2001).

Attributes and levels embedded in the experimental design are summarized as follows:

Fish SavedA, Fish SavedB ( 4 possible levels each: 25, 50, 75, and 95%)

Population ChangeA, Population ChangeB ( 4 possible levels each: 0, 5, 8, and 10%)

Catch ChangeA, Catch ChangeB ( 4 possible levels each: 0, 2, 5, and 10%)

CostA, CostB ( 5 possible levels each; $ 1, $ 2, $ 3, $ 4, $ 6)

The subscripts ( A, B) denote to the attributes in Option A and B, respectively. The available or potential levels for each attribute are balanced across A and B. In addition, there is a context variable which indicates the starting point of fish population, denoted Baseline. This context attribute is the same across Options A and B for each question, but may influence the marginal utility of the other attributes through interactions in the utility function.

BaselineAB ( 4 possible levels; 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%)

Beyond the levels specified above, each question includes a " neither plan" or status quo option,

characterized by zero values for all attributes except for the Baseline. This represents the status quo option necessary for appropriate welfare estimation in a choice experiment context ( Adamowicz et al.

1998).

Following standard practice, EPA constrained the design somewhat in response to findings in focus groups and the prior literature. For example, focus groups showed that respondents react negatively and often protest when offered choices in which one option dominates the other in all attributes. Given that such choices provide negligible statistical information compared to choices involving nondominant dominated pairs, they are often avoided in choice experiment statistical designs ( Louviere et al.

2000). For example, Hensher and Barnard ( 1990) recommend eliminating profiles including dominating or dominated profiles, because such profiles generally provide no useful information. Following this guidance, EPA constrained the design to eliminate such dominant/ dominating pairs. EPA also constrained the design to eliminate the possibility of pairs in which, when looking across two options, one of the options offers both a greater reduction in fish losses and a smaller increase in the population. The elimination of such apparently nonsensical ( or non credible) pairs is common practice, and is done to avoid protest bids and confusion among respondents ( Bateman et al. 2002). As shown by the statistical 157 evaluation of the design presented below, these constraints do not negatively influence the performance and properties of the design in a significant manner.

The resulting experimental design is characterized by 64 unique A vs. B option choice sets, where attribute levels for alternatives A and B differ across each of the pairs. Each choice set represents a unique choice modeling question  with a unique set of attribute levels distinguishing options A and B.

As noted above, each alternative within a choice set is specified by attributes Fish Saved ( 4 levels),

Population Change ( 4 levels), Catch Change ( 4 levels), and Cost ( 5 levels). In addition, there is a context variable Baseline ( 4 levels) which indicates the starting point of the population and is common to both alternatives in a set. Also as noted above, the design requirements include the ability to estimate linear by linear interactions of Baseline with all attributes and all combinations of Fish Saved, Population Change, and Catch Change.

The base design used was the 4x4x4 full factorial and all of associated interactions. This base design was used to generate 64 profiles to populate alternative A ( with only four Cost levels). A second randomization of the 4x4x4 full factorial was used to generate 64 profiles for alternative B ( again with only four Cost levels). To accommodate the five level Cost attribute the levels 1, 2, 3, 5 were used for the alternative A profiles, and levels 1, 3, 4, 5 for the alternative B. Over the whole design, cost levels 1, 3, 5 appear more frequently than levels 2 and 3. This increases the efficiency of the design slightly for estimating linear and quadratic effects over uniform distribution of the five levels. The combined 128 profiles allow orthogonal estimation of all linear and quadratic main effects and all required linear by linear interactions.

The constraints on the A v. s. B pairings did not allow an orthogonal construct between pairs nor any cyclic generation of pairs. A computer program was written to generate pairings, test for all constraints, and to the extent possible balance attributes across pairs. In a few cases ( fewer than 5% of the profiles) the Cost attribute was changed to allow the pairings without violating constraints and maintaining efficiency. The resultant 128 profiles arranged into 64 choice set pairs allow near orthogonal estimation of all linear and quadratic main effects and all required interactions.

The 64 choice sets have been ordered by the baseline attribute. As the current plan is to randomly select three choice sets for each respondent ( the order of the profiles within choice set could also be randomized since these are generic alternatives), this arbitrary ordering does not affect the efficiency or performance of the design. However, certain constraints may be placed on the random assignment of questions to respondents. In particular, assignment may be constrained such that each respondent views choice sets with only a single baseline, to avoid potential confusion that would result from considering resource changes under changing baselines. 158 Statistical Attributes of Proposed Design To test the statistical performance and properties of the proposed experimental design, a variety of standard evaluations were conducted. These include an assessment of the Pearson correlation coefficients and Variance Inflation Factors associated with the main effects, quadratic effects, and interactions for which EPA desires parameter estimates. Results of these assessments are found in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1: Correlations ( Pearson) BASEL FISHSL POPCHL CATCHL COSTL FISHSQ POPCHQ CATCHQ FISHSL 0.000 POPCHL 0.000 0.000 CATCHL 0.000 0.000 0.000 COSTL  0.052 0.057 0.033 0.052 FISHSQ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.011 POPCHQ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  0.011 0.000 CATCHQ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  0.053 0.000 0.000 COSTQ 0.028 0.000 0.020 0.028  0.007 0.009 0.027  0.027 BxFISH 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  0.042 0.000 0.000 0.000 BxPOP 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 BxCATCH 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 FxP 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 FxC 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 PxC 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000  0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 BxCOST 0.036  0.043 0.002 0.006 0.023 0.053  0.005 0.005 ( continued) COSTQ BxFISH BxPOP BxCATCH FxP FxC PxC BxFISH 0.021 BxPOP 0.012 0.000 BxCATCH 0.027 0.000 0.000 FxP  0.011 0.000 0.000 0.040 FxC  0.032 0.000 0.040 0.000 0.000 PxC  0.037 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 BxCOST  0.030 0.042 0.045 0.049 0.019 0.084  0.049 ( Note: Within interaction estimates, B = Baseline; F = FishSL; P = PopCHL; C = Catch) 159 Table 2: Variance Inflation Factors Predictor VIF BASEL 1.0 FISHSL 1.0 POPCHL 1.0 CATCHL 1.0 COSTL 1.0 FISHSQ 1.0 POPCHQ 1.0 CATCHQ 1.0 COSTQ 1.0 BxFISH 1.0 BxPOP 1.0 BxCATCH 1.0 FxP 1.0 FxC 1.0 PxC 1.0 BxCOST 1.0 Note: VIF = 0 implies orthogonal estimation Results from Tables 1 and 2 clearly indicate the orthogonality of the proposed experimental design and the appropriateness for estimation of the designed main, quadratic, and interaction effects. This, paired with focus group results indicating the general appropriateness of the selected attribute levels, indicate that the proposed experimental design will allow appropriate implementation and estimation of the desired choice experiment model.

References Adamowicz, W., P. Boxall, M. Williams, and J. Louviere. " Stated Preference Approaches for Measuring Passive Use Values: Choice Experiments and Contingent Valuation." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80( 1998): 64 75.

Bateman, I. J., R. T. Carson, B. Day, M. Hanemann, N. Hanley, T. Hett, M. Jones Leee, G. Loomes, S.

Mourato, E. Ozdemiroglu, D. W. Pierce, R. Sugden, and J. Swanson. 2002. Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Surveys: A Manual. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

Bennett, J. and R. Blamey, eds. 2001. The Choice Modelling Approach to Environmental Valuation.

Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

Dillman, D. A. 2000. Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Hanemann, W. M. and B. Kanninen. 1999. " The Statistical Analysis of Discrete Response CV Data." In Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory and Practice of the Contingent Valuation Method in the US, EU, and Developing Countries. Edited by I. J. Bateman and K. G. Willis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Hensher, D. A. and P. O. Barnard. 1990. " The Orthogonality Issue in Stated Choice Designs." in Fischer,

M., P. Nijkamp and Y. Papageorgiou, eds. Spatial Choices and Processes. Amsterdam: North 160 Holland, 265 78.

Johnston, R. J., S. K. Swallow, T. J. Tyrrell and D. M. Bauer. 2003. " Rural Amenity Values and Length of Residency." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 85( 4): 1000 1015.

Louviere, J. J. 1988. Analyzing Decision Making: Metric Conjoint Analysis. Sage University Paper 67.

Newbury Park: Sage Publications.

Louviere, J. J., D. A. Hensher, and J. D. Swait. 2000. Stated Preference Methods: Analysis and Application. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Newell, L. W. and S. K. Swallow. 2002. " Are Stated Preferences Invariant to the Prospect of Real Money Choice?" Selected paper, American Agricultural Economics Association,

Long Beach, California, July 28 31.


Served: July 22, 2004

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Issued by the Department of Transportation

on the 22nd day of July, 2004

INTRA ALASKA BUSH SERVICE MAIL RATES

Docket OST-2003-14694

NOTICE

On July 7, 2004, pursuant to Rule 302.11, the Department granted Peninsula Airways an extension until August 9, 2004, to submit initial comments to Order 2004-6-3, linehaul mail rates for Part 121 carriers.  On July 16, 2004, Mr. Hank Myers of the Consolidated Carriers requested that the filing deadline in response to Order 2004-6-4, linehaul mail rates for Part 135 bush carriers, be extended to August 9 as well.  Mr. Myers noted that many of the issues apply to both orders, and require more time to conduct additional analyses.  There were no objections to this request.

We hereby grant that request to extend the deadline for comments to August 9.

By:

KARAN K. BHATIA

Assistant Secretary for Aviation

    and International Affairs

(SEAL)

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