[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 71 (Monday, April 14, 2014)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 20794-20796]
[FR Doc No: 2014-08240]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 165

[Docket Number USCG-2014-0014]
RIN 1625-AA00

Safety Zone; Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Temporary final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone for
Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa during the April 17, 2014 Fautasi
Race. This action is necessary for the safeguard of participants and
spectators, including all crews, vessels, and persons on the navigable
waters during the Fautasi Races (canoe boat races) that will occur in
Pago Pago Harbor. This safety zone will functionally close the port to
vessel traffic during the race, but will not require the evacuation of
any vessels from the harbor. Entry into, transiting or anchoring in
this safety zone is prohibited to all vessels not registered with the
sponsor as participants or not part of the race patrol, unless
specifically authorized by the Captain of the Port Honolulu or a
designated representative.

DATES: This safety zone is effective from 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. (SST)
on April 17, 2014.

ADDRESSES: Documents mentioned in this preamble are part of docket
USCG-2014-0014. To view documents mentioned in this preamble as being
available in the docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov, type the
docket number in the ``SEARCH'' box and click ``SEARCH.'' Click on Open
Docket Folder on the line associated with this rulemaking. You may also
visit the Docket Management Facility in Room W12-140 on the ground
floor of the Department of Transportation West Building, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule,
call or email Lieutenant Commander Scott Whaley of the United States
Coast Guard Sector Honolulu at<PHONE_NUMBER> or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
respectively. If you have questions on viewing or submitting material
to the docket, call Barbara Hairston, Program Manager, Docket
Operations, telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Acronyms

DHS Department of Homeland Security
FR Federal Register
TFR Temporary Final Rule
COTP Captain of the Port

A. Regulatory History and Information

    The Coast Guard is establishing this TFR without prior notice and
opportunity to comment pursuant to authority under section 4(a) of the
Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(b)). This provision
authorizes an agency to issue a rule without prior notice and
opportunity to comment when the agency, for good cause, finds that
those procedures are ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the
public interest.'' Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds good
cause exists for making this rule effective less than 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register. The specific details of the
Fautasi Race were not determined until less than a month before the
race was scheduled to be held. Due to the need to restrict vessel
traffic during the race, in order to protect the participants,
spectators, Marine Patrol and the race officials, a 30-day notice
period is impracticable. The Captain of the Port (COTP) Honolulu finds
that this safety zone is required on April 17, 2014, to ensure the
safety of the participants, spectators, Marine Patrol and the race
officials.

B. Basis and Purpose

    The statutory basis for this rulemaking is 33 U.S.C. 1231, which
gives the Coast Guard, under a delegation from the Secretary of
Homeland Security, regulatory authority to implement the Ports and
Waterways Safety Act. A safety zone is a water area, shore area, or
water and shore area, for safety or environmental purposes, access is
limited to authorized persons, vehicles, or vessels.
    The purpose of this rule is to minimize vessel traffic during the
Fautasi canoe race. This race is a hugely popular event attended by a
vast majority of American Samoa residents and is sponsored by American
Samoa Government. This event is expected to draw a large number of
pleasure craft, posing a significant hazard to both vessels and
mariners operating in or near the area. The COTP Honolulu is
establishing a safety zone for Pago Pago Harbor to accommodate these
events and to safeguard persons and vessels during the canoe boat race.
The legal basis and authorities for this temporary final rule are found
in 33 U.S.C. 1231 and 33 CFR part 165, which authorizes the Coast Guard
to propose, establish, and define safety zones. The COTP anticipates
minimal impact on vessel traffic due to this safety zone. However, the
safety zone is deemed necessary for the safeguard of life and property
within the safety zone.

C. Discussion of the Rule

    This rule creates a safety zone for Pago Pago Harbor. The Coast
Guard is banning the transit of all commercial vessel through the
harbor that are not authorized by the COTP or a designated support or
enforcement vessel for the event, effectively closing the port for
commercial vessels. The harbor will remain closed until the Coast Guard
issues an ``All Clear'' for the harbor after the race has concluded the
harbor is deemed safe for normal operations. This temporary rule does
not require any vessel to evacuate the port if moored; it only bans the
transit through the zone during the aforementioned times. An
illustration of the safe zone is available in the online docket.

D. Regulatory Analyses

    We developed this rule after considering numerous statutes and
executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our
analyses.

1. Regulatory Planning and Review

    This rule is not a significant regulatory action under section 3(f)
of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, as
supplemented by Executive Order 13563, Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review, and does not require an assessment of potential
costs and benefits under section 6(a)(3) of Executive Order 12866 or
under section 1 of Executive Order 13563. The Office of Management and
Budget has not reviewed it under those Orders. The expected short
duration and impact of the rule ensures it will not rise to the level a
significant regulatory action.

2. Impact on Small Entities

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601-612, as
amended, requires federal agencies to consider the potential impact of
regulations on small entities during rulemaking. The Coast Guard
certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
    This rule would affect the following entities, some of which might
be small entities: The owners or operators of vessels intending to
transit, anchor or moor within Pago Pago Harbor American Samoa between
7:30 a.m. and 8:30 a.m. (SST) on April 17, 2014.
    This safety zone would not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities for the following reasons: This
safety zone is of limited duration and intended to protect Pago Pago
Harbor for continued use by these small entities and others following
the completion of the canoe race. Once the race has concluded, the
safety zone will be cancelled allowing vessels to transit the harbor in
accordance with already established regulations.

3. Assistance for Small Entities

    Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we want to assist small
entities in understanding this rule. If the rule would affect your
small business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction and you have
questions concerning its provisions or options for compliance, please
contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT,
above.
    Small businesses may send comments on the actions of Federal
employees who enforce, or otherwise determine compliance with, Federal
regulations to the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory
Enforcement Ombudsman and the Regional Small Business Regulatory
Fairness Boards. The Ombudsman evaluates these actions annually and
rates each agency's responsiveness to small business. If you wish to
comment on actions by employees of the Coast Guard, call 1-888-REG-FAIR
(1-888-734-3247). The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small
entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy or
action of the Coast Guard.

4. Collection of Information

    This rule will not call for a new collection of information under
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520).

5. Federalism

    A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132,
Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government. We have analyzed this rule under that Order and determined
that this rule does not have implications for federalism.

6. Protest Activities

    The Coast Guard respects the First Amendment rights of protesters.
Protesters are asked to contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section to

coordinate protest activities so that your message can be received
without jeopardizing the safety or security of people, places or
vessels.

7. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary
regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may
result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 (adjusted for
inflation) or more in any one year. Though this rule will not result in
such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere
in this preamble.

8. Taking of Private Property

    This rule will not cause a taking of private property or otherwise
have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights.

9. Civil Justice Reform

    This rule meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2)
of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation,
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.

10. Protection of Children

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13045, Protection
of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. This rule
is not an economically significant rule and does not create an
environmental risk to health or risk to safety that may
disproportionately affect children.

11. Indian Tribal Governments

    This rule does not have tribal implications under Executive Order
13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments,
because it does not have a substantial direct effect on one or more
Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.

12. Energy Effects

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' under Executive
Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use.

13. Technical Standards

    This rule does not use technical standards. Therefore, we did not
consider the use of voluntary consensus standards.

14. Environment

    We have analyzed this rule under Department of Homeland Security
Management Directive 023-01 and Commandant Instruction M16475.lD, which
guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321-4370f), and have determined
that this action is one of a category of actions that do not
individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human
environment. This rule involves the closure of the port to all traffic.
This rule is categorically excluded from further review under paragraph
34g of Figure 2-1 of the Commandant Instruction.

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165

    Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard amends
33 CFR Part 165 as follows:

PART 165--REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS

0
1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701; 50 U.S.C. 191,
195; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, and 160.5; Pub. L. 107-295, 116
Stat. 2064; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1.

0
2. Add Sec.  165.T14-0014 to read as follows:

Sec.  165.T14-0014  Safety Zone; Pago Pago Harbor, America Samoa.

    (a) Location. The following area is a safety zone: All waters
encompassed by a line starting at Breakers Point (eastern edge of Pago
Pago Harbor entrance) thence southeast to 14[deg] 18'47'' S, 170[deg]
38'54.5'' W thence southwest to 14[deg] 19'03'' S, 170[deg] 39'14'' W,
thence northwest to Tulutulu Point and then following the Pago Pago
Harbor coastline back to the point of origins. This safety zone extends
from the surface of the water to the ocean floor.
    (b) Enforcement period. This section will be enforced from 7:30
a.m. to 8:30 a.m. (SST) on April 17, 2014.
    (c) Regulations. (1) All persons and vessels not registered with
the sponsor as participants or support/enforcement vessels are
considered spectators. The ``support/enforcement vessels'' consist of
any territory, or local law enforcement and sponsor provided vessels
assigned or approved by the COTP Honolulu to patrol the safety zone.
    (2) No spectator shall anchor, block, loiter or impede the transit
of participants or support/enforcement vessels in the safety zone while
this section is effective, unless cleared by or through a support/
enforcement vessel.
    (3) Spectator vessels may be moored to a waterfront facility within
the safety zone in such a way that they shall not interfere with the
progress of the events. Such mooring must be complete at least 30
minutes prior to the effective period of this section and remain moored
through the duration of the events.
    (d) Informational Broadcasts. The COTP or a designated
representative will inform the public through broadcast notices to
mariners of the enforcement period for the safety zone as well as any
changes in the planned schedule. Once the zone is being enforced, due
to the commencement of the race, transiting, anchoring, and loitering
in the harbor is forbidden and the harbor will remain closed until 8:30
a.m., or earlier if the Coast Guard issues an ``All Clear'' after the
race has concluded and the harbor is deemed safe for normal operations.

    Dated: March 25, 2014.
S.N. Gilreath,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, COTP Honolulu.
[FR Doc. 2014-08240 Filed 4-11-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P


[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 129 (Friday, July 5, 2019)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 32061-32063]
[FR Doc No: 2019-14417]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 100

[Docket Number USCG-2019-0223]
RIN 1625-AA08

Special Local Regulation; Zimovia Strait, Wrangell, AK

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a permanent special local
regulation to enable vessel movement restrictions for certain waters of
the Zimovia Strait. This action is necessary to provide for the safety
of life on these navigable waters near Wrangell Harbor during power
boat races on July 4, 2019 and every subsequent year on July 4. This
rule prohibits persons and vessels from transiting through, mooring, or
anchoring within the special local regulation race area unless
authorized by the Captain of the Port Southeast Alaska or a designated
representative.

DATES: This final rule is effective without actual notice on July 5,
2019. For the purposes of enforcement, actual notice will be used from
July 1, 2019 through July 5, 2019.

ADDRESSES: To view documents mentioned in this preamble as being
available in this docket, go to https://www.regulations.gov, type USCG-
2019-0223 in the ``SEARCH'' box and click ``SEARCH.'' Click on Open
Docket Folder on the line associated with this rule.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule,
call or email LT Jesse Collins, Sector Juneau, Waterways Management
Division, Coast Guard: telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Table of Abbreviations

CFR Code of Federal Regulations
COTP Captain of the Port Southeast Alaska
DHS Department of Homeland Security
FR Federal Register
NPRM Notice of proposed rulemaking
Sec.  Section
U.S.C. United States Code

II. Background Information and Regulatory History

    On January 16, 2019, the Wrangell Chamber of Commerce notified the
Coast Guard that it will be conducting high speed boat races from 11
a.m. to 7 p.m. on July 4, 2019, as part of the Wrangell 4th of July
Celebration. The boat races will be taking place approximately 100
yards off of the city dock in Wrangell, AK. The Captain of the Port
Southeast Alaska (COTP) has determined that potential hazards
associated with the high speed races is a safety concern for anyone
within the zone.
    In response, on May 28, 2019, the Coast Guard published a notice of
proposed rulemaking (NPRM) titled Special Local Regulation; Zimovia
Strait, Wrangell, AK (84 FR 24732). There we stated why we issued the
NPRM, and invited comments on our proposed regulatory action related to
this annual boating event. During the comment period that ended June
28, 2019, we received no comments.
    Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good cause
exists for making this rule effective less than 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register. Delaying the effective date of
this rule would be impracticable because it would inhibit the Coast
Guard's ability to protect participants, mariners and vessels from the
hazards associated with this event.

III. Purpose and Legal Authority

    The purpose of this rule is to ensure the safety of vessels and the
navigable waters within a race area before, during, and after the
scheduled event. The Coast Guard is issuing this rule under the
authority in 46 U.S.C. 70034.

IV. Discussion of Comments, Changes, and the Final Rule

    As stated above, we received no comments on our NPRM published on
May 29, 2019 (84 FR 24732). There are no changes in the regulatory text
of this rule from the proposed rule in the NPRM.
    The COTP is establishing a special local regulation from 11 a.m. to
7 p.m. on July 4, 2019, and every subsequent year on July 4th. The
special local regulation will cover all navigable waters within the
race area to include Wrangell Harbor entrance and an area extending
Northwest along the shoreline approximately 1,000 yards and Southwest
approximately 500 yards. No vessel or person is permitted to enter the
special local regulation area without obtaining permission from the
COTP or a designated representative. The regulatory text for this rule
appears at the end of this document.

V. Regulatory Analyses

    We developed this rule after considering numerous statutes and
Executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses
based on a number of these statutes and Executive orders.

A. Regulatory Planning and Review

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess the
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits. Executive Order 13771 directs agencies to control
regulatory costs through a budgeting process. This NPRM has not been
designated a ``significant regulatory action,'' under Executive Order
12866. Accordingly, the NPRM has not been reviewed by the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB), and pursuant to OMB guidance it is exempt
from the requirements of Executive Order 13771. This regulatory action
determination is based on the size, location, duration, and time-of-day
of the special local regulation. Vessel traffic will be able to safely
transit around the race area, which will impact a small designated area
in Wrangell Harbor for 8 hours. Moreover, the Coast Guard will issue a
Broadcast Notice to Mariners via VHF-FM marine channel 16 about the
race area, and the rule will allow vessels to seek permission to enter
or transit through the race area.

B. Impact on Small Entities

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 601-612, as
amended, requires Federal agencies to consider the potential impact of
regulations on small entities during rulemaking. The term ``small
entities'' comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations
that are independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their
fields, and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than
50,000. The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this rule
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities.
    While some owners or operators of vessels intending to transit the
special local regulation area may be small entities, for the reasons
stated in section IV.A above, this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on any vessel owner or operator.
    Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we want to assist small
entities in understanding this rule. If the rule affects your small
business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction and you have
questions concerning its provisions or options for compliance, please
contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section. The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small entities that
question or complain about this rule or any policy or action of the
Coast Guard.

C. Collection of Information

    This rule does not call for a new collection of information under
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520).

D. Federalism and Indian Tribal Governments

    A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132,
Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government. We have analyzed this rule under that Order and have
determined that it is consistent with the fundamental federalism
principles and preemption requirements described in Executive Order
13132.
    Also, this rule does not have tribal implications under Executive
Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal
Governments, because it does not have a substantial direct effect on
one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal
Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary
regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may
result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 (adjusted for
inflation) or more in any one year. Though this rule does not result in
such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere
in this preamble.

F. Environment

    We have analyzed this rule under Department of Homeland Security
Directive 023-01 and Environmental Planning COMDTINST 5090.1 (series),
which guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321-4370f), and have made
the

determination that this action is one of a category of actions that do
not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human
environment. This rule involves a special local regulation lasting
eight (8) hours on one day a year that prohibits entry or transit
through the area without obtaining permission from the COTP or a
designated representative. It is categorically excluded from further
review under paragraph L61in Table 3-1 of U.S. Coast Guard
Environmental Planning Implementing Procedures 5090.1. A memorandum for
the record for categorically excluded actions supporting this
determination is available in the docket where indicated under
ADDRESSES.

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 100

    Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Waterways.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard amends
33 CFR part 100 as follows:

PART 100--SAFETY OF LIFE ON NAVIGABLE WATERS

0
1. The authority citation for part 100 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 46 U.S.C. 70041; 33 CFR 1.05-1.

0
2. Add Sec.  100.1701 to read as follows:

Sec.  100.1701   Special Local Regulation; Wrangell 4th of July
Celebration Boat Races, Wrangell, AK.

    (a) Regulated area. The following area is specified as a race area:
All waters of Zimovia Straits, Wrangell, AK, approximately 1,000 yards
to the Northwest and 500 yards to the Southwest of Wrangell Harbor
entrance bounded by the following points: 56[deg]28.077 N,
132[deg]23.074 W, 56[deg]28.440 N, 132[deg]23.685 W, 56[deg]28.277 N,
132[deg]24.020 W, and 56[deg]27.910 N, 132[deg]23.400 W.
    (b) Regulations. In accordance with the general regulations in this
part, the regulated area shall be closed immediately prior to, during
and immediately after the event to all persons and vessels not
participating in the event and authorized by the event sponsor.
    (c) Authorization. All persons or vessels who desire to enter the
designated area created in this section while it is enforced must
obtain permission from the on-scene patrol craft on VHF Ch 9.
    (d) Enforcement period. This section will be enforced from 11 a.m.
to 7 p.m. on July 4, each year unless otherwise specified in the
Seventeenth District Local Notice to Mariners.

    Dated: July 1, 2019.
Matthew T. Bell, Jr.,
Commander, RADM, Seventeenth Coast Guard District, U.S. Coast Guard.
[FR Doc. 2019-14417 Filed 7-3-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P


[ INSERT, for Bill Harnett's INSERT FOR RIA ( bottom of p. 3, in last full paragraph, after 1st sentence), and for INSERT FOR PREAMBLE ( top of p. 4, in 1st full paragraph, after 1st sentence)]

In qualitative terms, the Abt analysis supports our conclusion that the old case by case approach to RMRR is having perverse effects by discouraging projects that would improve efficiency, or that would increase capacity without actually increasing pollutant emissions, or that would even discourage projects that would decrease emissions. As the Abt Case Study on the Pulp and Paper Industry put it:

"[ A] s [ safety, reliability, and efficiency] projects begin to be reviewed, those that raise questions under the ambiguity of the current rules may be postponed, altered, or simply cancelled. Under the proposed ERP approach, these projects can be tested against a more clear and reasonable set of criteria, that will allow more projects to be executed.

. . . The new approach provides the regulatory clarity and certainty in making applicability decisions that is completely absent from the current case by case approach. Thus, the manner in which mills will handle the processing of equipment replacement projects, with regard to assessing their air permit applicability assessments, will be able to be streamlined. By definition, a ` caseby case' approach is simply unworkable for a typical pulp and paper mill, which may have thousands of maintenance and repair related work orders involving equipment replacements executed each year, affecting all areas of mill operations. Clearly, only a small subset of these equipment replacement projects can be evaluated using the complicated and vaguely interpreted multi factor test inherent with the current case by case approach. . . . The proposed ERP approach helps by setting criteria for the routineness determinations. Under the proposed approach, a mill could set up more straight forward guidelines to be followed throughout an organization that would allow quick and defensible determinations to be made regarding individual maintenance projects."

[ Abt Associates, Inc., Case Study on the Pulp and Paper Industry, at p. 31.]