SOURCE: " The Annual Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools," Phi Delta Kappan, various years. Total persons age 25 and over = 168.3 million Some college, 17.2% High school graduate, 33.8% Not high school graduate, 17.9%

Doctor's, 1.0% Professional, 1.4%

Master's, 5.4%

Bachelor's, 16.0%

Associate, 7.3% Figure 5.   Highest level of education attained by persons 25 years and older: March 1997 Not high school grad Doctor's Professional Master's Bachelor's Associate Some college High school graduate Figure 6.   Items most frequently cited by the public as a major problem facing the local public schools: 1980 to 1998 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 0 10 20 30 40 Year Percent citing problem 11 ALL LEVELS: ENROLLMENT Table 1.   Estimated number of participants in elementary and secondary education and in higher education: Fall 1998 [ In millions]

Participants All levels ( elementary, secondary, and higher education) Elementary and secondary schools Institutions of higher education Total Public Private Total Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total .......................................................................................... 75.4 58.6 52.0 6.6 16.8 12.9 3.9 Enrollment 1 .................................................................................. 67.3 52.7 46.8 5.9 14.6 11.4 3.2 Teachers and faculty .................................................................... 3.8 3.1 2.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 Other professional, administrative, and support staff .................. 4.2 2.8 2.5 0.2 1.5 1.0 0.5 1 Includes enrollments in local public school systems and in most private schools ( religiously affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children, and federal schools. Elementary and secondary includes most kindergarten and some nursery school enrollment. Excludes preprimary enrollment in schools that do not offer first grade or above. Higher education comprises full time and part time students enrolled in degree credit and nondegree credit programs in universities, other 4 year colleges, and 2 year colleges. NOTE.   The enrollment figures include all students in elementary and secondary schools and colleges and universities. However, the data for teachers and other staff in public and private elementary and secondary schools and colleges and universities are reported in terms of full time equivalents. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished projections and estimates. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 2.   Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Fall 1980 to fall 2005 [ In thousands]

Level of instruction and type of control Fall 1980 Fall 1985 Fall 1990 Fall 1991 Fall 1992 Fall 1993 Fall 1994 Fall 1995 Fall 1996 1 Projected fall 1997 Projected fall 1998 Projected fall 1999 Projected fall 2000 Projected fall 2005 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 All levels ........................................................ 58,305 57,226 60,267 61,605 62,686 63,241 63,986 64,803 65,674 66,170 67,309 67,871 68,334 69,942 Public ................................................................... 50,335 48,901 52,061 53,356 54,208 54,654 55,245 55,933 56,682 57,161 58,187 58,668 59,065 60,436 Private .................................................................. 7,971 8,325 8,206 8,248 8,478 8,587 8,741 8,869 8,993 9,010 9,121 9,203 9,269 9,506 Elementary and secondary education 2 ...................................... 46,208 44,979 46,448 47,246 48,198 48,936 49,707 50,540 51,375 51,821 52,718 53,112 53,445 54,426 Public .............................................................. 40,877 39,422 41,217 42,047 42,823 43,465 44,111 44,840 45,592 45,953 46,792 47,143 47,439 48,335 Private ............................................................. 5,331 5,557 5,232 5,199 5,375 5,471 3 5,596 3 5,700 3 5,783 5,867 5,927 5,970 6,006 6,091 Grades K   8 4 ................................................... 31,639 31,229 33,973 34,580 35,300 35,784 36,258 36,772 37,245 37,495 38,110 38,338 38,543 38,376 Public ........................................................... 27,647 27,034 29,878 30,506 31,088 31,504 31,898 32,341 32,759 32,951 33,522 33,722 33,903 33,756 Private ......................................................... 3,992 4,195 4,095 3 4,074 3 4,212 3 4,280 3 4,360 3 4,431 3 4,486 4,545 4,588 4,616 4,640 4,620 Grades 9   12 ................................................... 14,570 13,750 12,475 12,666 12,898 13,152 13,449 13,769 14,131 14,324 14,608 14,774 14,902 16,050 Public ........................................................... 13,231 12,388 11,338 11,541 11,735 11,961 12,213 12,500 12,834 13,003 13,270 13,420 13,537 14,579 Private ......................................................... 1,339 1,362 1,137 3 1,125 3 1,163 3 1,191 3 1,236 3 1,269 3 1,297 1,322 1,339 1,354 1,366 1,471 Higher education 5 ............................................... 12,097 12,247 13,819 14,359 14,487 14,305 14,279 14,262 14,300 14,350 14,590 14,758 14,889 15,516 Public .............................................................. 9,457 9,479 10,845 11,310 11,385 11,189 11,134 11,092 11,090 11,208 11,395 11,525 11,626 12,101 Undergraduate 6 .......................................... 8,442 8,477 9,710 10,148 10,216 10,012 9,945 9,904 9,905 10,024 10,213 10,345 10,452 10,910 First professional ......................................... 114 112 112 111 111 114 114 115 116 107 106 105 104 108 Graduate 7 ................................................... 901 890 1,023 1,050 1,058 1,064 1,075 1,074 1,068 1,076 1,077 1,075 1,070 1,084 Private ............................................................. 2,640 2,768 2,974 3,049 3,103 3,116 3,145 3,169 3,210 3,143 3,194 3,233 3,263 3,415 Undergraduate 6 .......................................... 2,033 2,120 2,250 2,291 2,321 2,312 2,317 2,328 2,354 2,333 2,387 2,428 2,462 2,601 First professional ......................................... 163 162 162 169 170 179 181 183 181 169 167 166 165 170 Graduate 7 ................................................... 443 486 563 589 611 625 647 659 675 640 640 639 636 644 1 Higher education data are preliminary. 2 Includes enrollments in local public school systems and in most private schools ( religiously affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children, federal schools, and homeschooled children. Based on Department estimates, the home schooled children numbered approximately 800,000 to 1,000,000 in 1997   98. Excludes preprimary pupils in schools that do not offer first grade or above. 3 Estimated. 4 Includes kindergarten and some nursery school pupils. 5 Includes full time and part time students enrolled in degree credit and nondegreecredit programs in universities and 2 year and 4 year colleges. 6 Includes unclassified students below the baccalaureate level. 7 Includes unclassified postbaccalaureate students.

NOTE.   Higher education enrollment projections are based on the middle alternative projections published by the National Center for Education Statistics. Because of rounding details may not add to totals. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data and `` Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education'' surveys; Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Fall Enrollment'' surveys, and Projections of Education Statistics to 2008. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 12 ALL LEVELS: ENROLLMENT Table 3.   Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and by control of institution: 1869   70 to fall 2008 [ In thousands]

Year Total enrollment, all levels Elementary and secondary, total Public elementary and secondary schools Private elementary and secondary schools 1 Higher education 2 Total Prekindergarten through grade 8 Grades 9 through 12 Total Kindergarten through grade 8 Grades 9 through 12 Total Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1869   70 ............................     6,872 6,792 80       52     1879   80 ............................     9,868 9,757 110       116     1889   90 ............................ 14,491 14,334 12,723 12,520 203 1,611 1,516 95 157     1899   1900 ........................ 17,092 16,855 15,503 14,984 519 1,352 1,241 111 238     1909   10 ............................ 19,728 19,372 17,814 16,899 915 1,558 1,441 117 355     1919   20 ............................ 23,876 23,278 21,578 19,378 2,200 1,699 1,486 214 598     1929   30 ............................ 29,430 28,329 25,678 21,279 4,399 2,651 2,310 341 1,101     1939   40 ............................ 29,539 28,045 25,434 18,832 6,601 2,611 2,153 458 1,494 797 698 1949   50 ............................ 31,151 28,492 25,111 19,387 5,725 3,380 2,708 672 2,659 1,355 1,304 Fall 1959 ........................... 44,497 40,857 35,182 26,911 8,271 5,675 4,640 1,035 3,640 2,181 1,459 Fall 1964 ........................... 52,996 47,716 41,416 30,025 11,391 3 6,300 3 5,000 1,300 5,280 3,468 1,812 Fall 1965 ........................... 54,394 48,473 42,173 30,563 11,610 6,300 4,900 1,400 5,921 3,970 1,951 Fall 1966 ........................... 55,629 49,239 43,039 31,145 11,894 3 6,200 3 4,800 3 1,400 6,390 4,349 2,041 Fall 1967 ........................... 56,803 49,891 43,891 31,641 12,250 3 6,000 3 4,600 3 1,400 6,912 4,816 2,096 Fall 1968 ........................... 58,257 50,744 44,944 32,226 12,718 5,800 4,400 1,400 7,513 5,431 2,082 Fall 1969 ........................... 59,055 51,050 45,550 32,513 13,037 3 5,500 3 4,200 3 1,300 8,005 5,897 2,108 Fall 1970 ........................... 59,838 51,257 45,894 32,558 13,336 5,363 4,052 1,311 8,581 6,428 2,153 Fall 1971 ........................... 60,220 51,271 46,071 32,318 13,753 3 5,200 3 3,900 3 1,300 8,949 6,804 2,144 Fall 1972 ........................... 59,941 50,726 45,726 31,879 13,848 3 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 9,215 7,071 2,144 Fall 1973 ........................... 60,047 50,445 45,445 31,401 14,044 3 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 9,602 7,420 2,183 Fall 1974 ........................... 60,297 50,073 45,073 30,971 14,103 3 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 10,224 7,989 2,235 Fall 1975 ........................... 61,004 49,819 44,819 30,515 14,304 3 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 11,185 8,835 2,350 Fall 1976 ........................... 60,490 49,478 44,311 29,997 14,314 5,167 3,825 1,342 11,012 8,653 2,359 Fall 1977 ........................... 60,003 48,717 43,577 29,375 14,203 5,140 3,797 1,343 11,286 8,847 2,439 Fall 1978 ........................... 58,897 47,637 42,551 28,463 14,088 5,086 3,732 1,353 11,260 8,786 2,474 Fall 1979 ........................... 58,221 46,651 41,651 28,034 13,616 3 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 11,570 9,037 2,533 Fall 1980 ........................... 58,305 46,208 40,877 27,647 13,231 5,331 3,992 1,339 12,097 9,457 2,640 Fall 1981 ........................... 57,916 45,544 40,044 27,280 12,764 3 5,500 3 4,100 3 1,400 12,372 9,647 2,725 Fall 1982 ........................... 57,591 45,166 39,566 27,161 12,405 3 5,600 3 4,200 3 1,400 12,426 9,696 2,730 Fall 1983 ........................... 57,432 44,967 39,252 26,981 12,271 5,715 4,315 1,400 12,465 9,683 2,782 Fall 1984 ........................... 57,150 44,908 39,208 26,905 12,304 3 5,700 3 4,300 3 1,400 12,242 9,477 2,765 Fall 1985 ........................... 57,226 44,979 39,422 27,034 12,388 5,557 4,195 1,362 12,247 9,479 2,768 Fall 1986 ........................... 57,709 45,205 39,753 27,420 12,333 3 5,452 3 4,116 3 1,336 12,504 9,714 2,790 Fall 1987 ........................... 58,254 45,488 40,008 27,933 12,076 5,479 4,232 1,247 12,767 9,973 2,793 Fall 1988 ........................... 58,485 45,430 40,189 28,501 11,687 3 5,241 3 4,036 3 1,206 13,055 10,161 2,894 Fall 1989 ........................... 59,436 45,898 40,543 29,152 11,390 3 5,355 3 4,162 3 1,193 13,539 10,578 2,961 Fall 1990 ........................... 60,267 46,448 41,217 29,878 11,338 5,232 4,095 1,137 13,819 10,845 2,974 Fall 1991 ........................... 61,605 47,246 42,047 30,506 11,541 3 5,199 3 4,074 3 1,125 14,359 11,310 3,049 Fall 1992 ........................... 62,686 48,198 42,823 31,088 11,735 3 5,375 3 4,212 3 1,163 14,487 11,385 3,103 Fall 1993 ........................... 63,241 48,936 43,465 31,504 11,961 3 5,471 3 4,280 3 1,191 14,305 11,189 3,116 Fall 1994 ........................... 63,986 49,707 44,111 31,898 12,213 3 5,596 3 4,360 3 1,236 14,279 11,134 3,145 Fall 1995 ........................... 64,803 50,540 44,840 32,341 12,500 3 5,700 3 4,431 3 1,269 14,262 11,092 3,169 Fall 1996 4 ........................ 65,674 51,375 45,592 32,759 12,834 3 5,783 3 4,486 3 1,297 14,300 11,090 3,210 Fall 1997 5 ........................ 66,170 51,821 45,953 32,951 13,003 5,867 4,545 1,322 14,350 11,208 3,143 Fall 1998 5 ........................ 67,309 52,718 46,792 33,522 13,270 5,927 4,588 1,339 14,590 11,395 3,194 Fall 1999 5 ........................ 67,871 53,112 47,143 33,722 13,420 5,970 4,616 1,354 14,758 11,525 3,233 Fall 2000 5 ........................ 68,334 53,445 47,439 33,903 13,537 6,006 4,640 1,366 14,889 11,626 3,263 Fall 2001 5 ........................ 68,728 53,736 47,698 34,055 13,643 6,038 4,661 1,376 14,992 11,705 3,287 Fall 2002 5 ........................ 69,040 53,987 47,924 34,124 13,800 6,063 4,671 1,392 15,053 11,751 3,303 Fall 2003 5 ........................ 69,338 54,153 48,075 34,124 13,951 6,078 4,671 1,407 15,185 11,849 3,335 Fall 2004 5 ........................ 69,657 54,308 48,221 33,958 14,263 6,087 4,648 1,439 15,349 11,975 3,374 Fall 2005 5 ........................ 69,942 54,426 48,335 33,756 14,579 6,091 4,620 1,471 15,516 12,101 3,415 Fall 2006 5 ........................ 70,160 54,457 48,368 33,584 14,785 6,088 4,597 1,491 15,703 12,242 3,461 Fall 2007 5 ........................ 70,305 54,425 48,342 33,489 14,854 6,082 4,584 1,498 15,880 12,378 3,502 Fall 2008 5 ........................ 70,351 54,268 48,201 33,455 14,746 6,067 4,579 1,488 16,083 12,534 3,549 1 Beginning in fall 1980, data include estimates for an expanded universe of private schools. Therefore, these totals may differ from figures shown in other tables, and direct comparisons with earlier years should be avoided. 2 Data for 1869   70 through 1949   50 include resident degree credit students enrolled at any time during the academic year. Beginning in 1959, data include all resident and extension students enrolled at the beginning of the fall term. 3 Estimated. 4 Preliminary data. 5 Projected.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Elementary and secondary enrollment includes pupils in public school systems and in most private schools ( religiously affiliated and nonsectarian), but generally excludes pupils in subcollegiate departments of colleges, residential schools for exceptional children, federal schools, and home schooled children. Based on Department estimates the home schooled children numbered approximately 800,000 to 1,000,000 in 1997   98. Public elementary enrollment includes most preprimary school pupils. Private elementary enrollment includes some preprimary students. Higher education includes colleges, universities, professional schools, and 2 year colleges. Higher education enrollment projections are based on the middle alternative projections published by the National Center for Education Statistics. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems; Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools; Projections of Education Statistics to 2008; Common Core of Data; Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education'' surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Fall Enrollment'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 13 ALL LEVELS: TEACHERS Table 4.   Teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and senior instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by control of institution: Fall 1970 to fall 2008 [ In thousands]

Fall All levels Elementary and secondary teachers 1 Higher education senior instructional staff 2 Total Public Private Total Elementary teachers Secondary teachers Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1970 ..................... 2,766 2,373 393 2,292 2,059 233 1,283 1,130 153 1,009 929 80 474 314 160 1975 ..................... 3,081 2,641 440 2,453 2,198 3 255 1,353 1,181 3 172 1,100 1,017 3 83 628 443 185 1980 ..................... 3,171 2,679 492 2,485 2,184 301 1,401 1,189 212 1,084 995 89 3 686 3 495 3 191 1981 ..................... 3,145 2,636 509 2,440 2,127 3 313 1,404 1,183 3 221 1,037 945 3 92 705 509 196 1982 ..................... 3,168 2,639 529 2,458 2,133 3 325 1,413 1,182 3 231 1,045 951 3 94 3 710 3 506 3 204 1983 ..................... 3,200 2,651 549 2,476 2,139 337 1,426 1,186 240 1,050 953 97 724 512 212 1984 ..................... 3,225 2,673 552 2,508 2,168 3 340 1,451 1,208 3 243 1,057 960 3 97 3 717 3 505 3 212 1985 ..................... 3,264 2,709 555 2,549 2,206 343 1,483 1,237 246 1,066 969 97 3 715 3 503 3 212 1986 ..................... 3,314 2,754 560 2,592 2,244 3 348 1,521 1,271 3 250 1,071 973 3 98 3 722 3 510 3 212 1987 ..................... 3,424 2,831 593 2,631 2,279 3 353 1,563 1,306 3 257 1,068 973 3 95 4 793 4 553 4 240 1988 ..................... 3,472 2,882 590 2,668 2,323 3 345 1,604 1,353 3 251 1,064 970 3 94 3 804 3 559 3 245 1989 ..................... 3,558 2,934 624 2,734 2,357 3 377 1,662 1,387 3 275 1,072 970 3 102 824 577 247 1990 ..................... 3,570 2,972 599 2,753 2,398 3 355 1,683 1,429 3 254 1,070 969 3 101 3 817 3 574 3 244 1991 ..................... 3,613 3,013 600 2,787 2,432 3 355 1,722 1,468 3 254 1,065 964 3 101 826 581 245 1992 ..................... 3,699 3,080 620 2,822 2,459 3 363 1,752 1,492 3 260 1,070 967 3 103 3 877 3 621 3 257 1993 ..................... 3,785 3,154 631 2,870 2,504 3 366 1,775 1,513 3 262 1,095 991 3 104 915 650 265 1994 ..................... 3,849 3,205 644 2,926 2,552 3 374 1,791 1,525 3 266 1,135 1,027 3 108 3 923 3 653 3 270 1995 ..................... 3,910 3,255 655 2,978 2,598 3 380 1,794 1,525 3 269 1,184 1,073 3 111 932 657 275 1996 ..................... 3,988 3,323 665 3,053 2,666 3 387 1,856 1,582 3 274 1,197 1,084 3 113 3 935 3 657 3 278 1997 5 .................. 4,040 3,374 667 3,103 2,710 3 394 1,882 1,604 3 278 1,222 1,106 3 116 3 936 3 664 3 273 1998 5 .................. 4,079 3,403 676 3,126 2,728 399 1,894 1,612 281 1,233 1,116 117 952 675 277 1999 5 .................. 4,131 3,446 684 3,167 2,764 404 1,916 1,632 285 1,251 1,132 119 963 682 280 2000 5 .................. 4,182 3,490 692 3,211 2,802 409 1,939 1,651 288 1,272 1,151 121 971 688 283 2001 5 ..................       3,245 2,832 413 1,957 1,666 291 1,288 1,166 123       2002 5 ..................       3,284 2,866 418 1,972 1,679 293 1,312 1,187 125       2003 5 ..................       3,325 2,903 423 1,989 1,693 295 1,336 1,209 127       2004 5 ..................       3,362 2,935 427 2,001 1,704 297 1,361 1,231 129       2005 5 ..................       3,394 2,963 430 2,012 1,713 299 1,382 1,250 131       2006 5 ..................       3,418 2,985 433 2,021 1,721 300 1,397 1,264 133       2007 5 ..................       3,441 3,005 436 2,033 1,731 302 1,408 1,274 134       2008 5 ..................       3,460 3,022 438 2,047 1,743 304 1,413 1,279 134       1 Includes teachers in local public school systems and in most private schools ( religiously affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children, and federal schools. Teachers are reported in terms of full time equivalents.

2 Includes full time and part time faculty with the rank of instructor or above in colleges, universities, professional schools, teachers colleges, and 2   year colleges. Excludes teaching assistants.

3 Estimated.

4 Based on actual survey data. Methodology for this year and later years is not consistent with figures for earlier years. 5 Projected.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data; Projections of Education Statistics, various years; Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Fall Staff'' survey; and U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Higher Education General Information ( EE0   6) Survey ( HEGIS), and unpublished data. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 14 ALL LEVELS: SCHOOLS Table 5.   Educational institutions, by level and control of institution: 1980   81 to 1996   97 Level and control of institution 1980   81 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1996   97 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 All institutions ........................ 117,707 121,433 122,111     119,242     121,855   124,773   Elementary and secondary schools 106,746 109,071 110,055     109,228     111,486   114,811   Elementary ............................... 72,659 74,104 74,511     74,716     75,591   77,909   Secondary ................................ 24,856 23,844 24,057     23,602     23,256   23,530   Combined ................................. 5,202 6,932 8,202     8,847     10,678   11,205   Other 1 ...................................... 4,029 4,191 3,285     2,063     1,962   2,167   Public schools .............................. 85,982 83,455 83,248 83,165 83,425 84,538 84,578 84,497 85,393 86,221 87,125 88,223 Elementary ............................... 59,326 58,801 57,575 57,941 58,419 59,015 59,258 59,676 60,052 60,808 61,165 61,805 Secondary ................................ 22,619 21,406 21,662 21,403 21,181 21,135 20,767 20,671 20,705 20,904 20,997 21,307 Combined ................................. 1,743 1,983 2,179 2,235 2,280 2,325 2,481 2,549 2,674 2,764 2,796 2,980 Other 1 ...................................... 2,294 1,265 1,832 1,586 1,545 2,063 2,072 1,601 1,962 1,745 2,167 2,131 Private schools ............................ 20,764 2 25,616 26,807     24,690 25,998   26,093   27,686   Elementary ............................... 13,333 2 15,303 16,936     15,701 15,716   15,539   16,744   Secondary ................................ 2,237 2 2,438 2,395     2,467 2,475   2,551   2,533   Combined ................................. 3,459 2 4,949 6,023     6,522 7,807   8,004   8,409   Other 1 ...................................... 1,735 2 2,926 1,453     ( 3) ( 3)   ( 3)   ( 3)   Postsecondary institutions ................ 4 10,961 12,362 12,056 11,389 10,606 10,014 9,983 10,601 10,369 10,246 9,962 9,837 Public ....................................... 4 2,393 2,363 2,250 2,169 2,120 2,096 2,129 2,146 2,152 2,179 2,189 2,169 Private nonprofit ....................... 4 2,359 3,432 3,254 3,092 2,942 2,808 2,810 2,926 2,890 2,916 2,877 2,855 Proprietary ................................ 4 6,209 6,567 6,552 6,128 5,544 5,110 5,044 5,529 5,327 5,151 4,896 4,813 Noncollegiate institutions 5 ........... 4 7,730 8,956 8,469 7,824 7,071 6,455 6,382 6,963 6,737 6,558 6,256 5,828 Public ....................................... 4 896 830 659 587 557 529 531 522 527 538 534 467 Private nonprofit ....................... 4 790 1,797 1,581 1,434 1,286 1,159 1,148 1,254 1,203 1,214 1,171 1,162 Proprietary ................................ 4 6,044 6,329 6,229 5,803 5,228 4,767 4,703 5,187 5,007 4,806 4,551 4,199 Institutions of higher education 5 ..... 3,231 3,406 3,587 3,565 3,535 3,559 3,601 3,638 3,632 3,688 3,706 4,009 2 year colleges ............................ 1,274 1,336 1,452 1,436 1,408 1,418 1,444 1,469 1,442 1,473 1,462 1,742 Public ....................................... 945 960 992 984 968 972 999 1,024 1,021 1,036 1,047 1,088 Private nonprofit ....................... 182 173 186 180 177 167 176 179 181 192 187 184 Proprietary ................................ 147 203 274 272 263 279 269 266 240 245 228 470 4 year colleges ............................ 1,957 2,070 2,135 2,129 2,127 2,141 2,157 2,169 2,190 2,215 2,244 2,267 Public ....................................... 552 573 599 598 595 595 599 600 604 605 608 614 Private nonprofit ....................... 1,387 1,462 1,487 1,478 1,479 1,482 1,486 1,493 1,506 1,510 1,519 1,509 Proprietary ................................ 18 35 49 53 53 64 72 76 80 100 117 144 1 Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not classified by grade span. Because of changes in survey definitions, figures for `` other'' schools are not comparable from year to year. 2 Data are for 1985   86. Data were collected from a sample survey that differed significantly from earlier surveys. The sample survey was designed to correct an undercount of about 10 percent that was known to have occurred in earlier surveys. 3 Included in other categories. 4 Because of changes in survey procedures, figures are not directly comparable with data for later years. 5 Includes those colleges designated as institutions of higher education by the Higher Education General Information Survey system, even if they have a less than 2 year program Includes branch campuses. Beginning in 1980, total includes some schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. In 1996   97, data for institutions of higher education are for degree granting institutions. Degree granting institutions include those institutions which award degrees at the associate level or higher and were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs Institutions not meeting these criteria were classified as noncollegiate institutions.   Data not available.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data and Private School surveys; Higher Education General Information Survey, `` Institutional Characteristics of Colleges and Universities;'' and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, `` Institutional Characteristics'' surveys. ( This table was prepared October 1998.) 15 ALL LEVELS: ENROLLMENT RATES Table 6.   Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, 1 by age: April 1940 to October 1997 Year Total, 3 to 34 years 3 and 4 years 5 and 6 years 7 to 13 years 14 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years Total 20 and 21 years 22 to 24 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1940 2 ............................................       95.0 79.3 28.9 6.6         1945 ..............................................       98.1 78.4 20.7 3.9         1947 ..............................................     73.8 98.5 79.3 24.3 10.2     3.0   1948 ..............................................     74.7 98.1 81.8 26.9 9.7     2.6   1949 ..............................................     76.2 98.6 81.6 25.3 9.2     3.8   1950 ..............................................     74.4 98.7 83.7 29.4 9.0     3.0 0.9 1951 ..............................................     73.6 99.1 85.2 26.2 8.6     2.5   1952 ..............................................     75.2 98.8 85.2 28.8 9.7     2.6 1.2 1953 ..............................................     78.6 99.4 85.9 31.2 11.1     2.9 1.7 1954 ..............................................     77.3 99.4 87.1 32.4 11.2     4.1 1.5 1955 ..............................................     78.1 99.2 86.9 31.5 11.1     4.2 1.6 1956 ..............................................     77.6 99.3 88.2 35.4 12.8     5.1 1.9 1957 ..............................................     78.6 99.5 89.5 34.9 14.0         1958 ..............................................     80.4 99.5 89.2 37.6 13.4         1959 ..............................................     80.0 99.4 90.2 36.8 12.7         1960 ..............................................     80.7 99.5 90.3 38.4 13.1     4.9 2.4 1961 ..............................................     81.7 99.3 91.4 38.0 13.7         1962 ..............................................     82.2 99.3 92.0 41.8 15.6         1963 ..............................................     82.7 99.3 92.9 40.9 17.3         1964 ..............................................     83.3 99.0 93.1 41.6 16.8     5.2 2.6 1965 .............................................. 55.5 10.6 84.9 99.4 93.2 46.3 19.0 27.6 13.2 6.1 3.2 1966 .............................................. 56.1 12.5 85.8 99.3 93.7 47.2 19.9 29.9 13.2 6.5 2.7 1967 .............................................. 56.6 14.2 87.4 99.3 93.7 47.6 22.0 33.3 13.6 6.6 4.0 1968 .............................................. 56.7 15.7 87.6 99.1 94.2 50.4 21.4 31.2 13.8 7.0 3.9 1969 .............................................. 57.0 16.1 88.4 99.2 94.0 50.2 23.0 34.1 15.4 7.9 4.8 1970 .............................................. 56.4 20.5 89.5 99.2 94.1 47.7 21.5 31.9 14.9 7.5 4.2 1971 .............................................. 56.2 21.2 91.6 99.1 94.5 49.2 21.9 32.2 15.4 8.0 4.9 1972 .............................................. 54.9 24.4 91.9 99.2 93.3 46.3 21.6 31.4 14.8 8.6 4.6 1973 .............................................. 53.5 24.2 92.5 99.2 92.9 42.9 20.8 30.1 14.5 8.5 4.5 1974 .............................................. 53.6 28.8 94.2 99.3 92.9 43.1 21.4 30.2 15.1 9.6 5.7 1975 .............................................. 53.7 31.5 94.7 99.3 93.6 46.9 22.4 31.2 16.2 10.1 6.6 1976 .............................................. 53.1 31.3 95.5 99.2 93.7 46.2 23.3 32.0 17.1 10.0 6.0 1977 .............................................. 52.5 32.0 95.8 99.4 93.6 46.2 22.9 31.8 16.5 10.8 6.9 1978 .............................................. 51.2 34.2 95.3 99.1 93.7 45.4 21.8 29.5 16.3 9.4 6.4 1979 .............................................. 50.3 35.1 95.8 99.2 93.6 45.0 21.7 30.2 15.8 9.6 6.4 1980 .............................................. 49.7 36.7 95.7 99.3 93.4 46.4 22.3 31.0 16.3 9.3 6.4 1981 .............................................. 48.9 36.0 94.0 99.2 94.1 49.0 22.5 31.6 16.5 9.0 6.9 1982 .............................................. 48.6 36.4 95.0 99.2 94.4 47.8 23.5 34.0 16.8 9.6 6.3 1983 .............................................. 48.4 37.5 95.4 99.2 95.0 50.4 22.7 32.5 16.6 9.6 6.4 1984 .............................................. 47.9 36.3 94.5 99.2 94.7 50.1 23.7 33.9 17.3 9.1 6.3 1985 .............................................. 48.3 38.9 96.1 99.2 94.9 51.6 24.0 35.3 16.9 9.2 6.1 1986 .............................................. 48.2 38.9 95.3 99.2 94.9 54.6 23.6 33.0 17.9 8.8 6.0 1987 .............................................. 48.6 38.3 95.1 99.5 95.0 55.6 25.5 38.7 17.5 9.0 5.8 1988 .............................................. 48.7 38.2 96.0 99.7 95.1 55.6 26.1 39.1 18.2 8.3 5.9 1989 .............................................. 49.1 39.1 95.2 99.3 95.7 56.0 27.0 38.5 19.9 9.3 5.7 1990 .............................................. 50.2 44.4 96.5 99.6 95.8 57.2 28.6 39.7 21.0 9.7 5.8 1991 .............................................. 50.7 40.5 95.4 99.6 96.0 59.6 30.2 42.0 22.2 10.2 6.2 1992 .............................................. 51.4 39.7 95.5 99.4 96.7 61.4 31.6 44.0 23.7 9.8 6.1 1993 .............................................. 51.8 40.4 95.4 99.5 96.5 61.6 30.8 42.7 23.6 10.2 5.9 1994 .............................................. 53.3 3 47.3 96.7 99.4 96.6 60.2 32.0 44.9 24.0 10.8 6.7 1995 .............................................. 53.7 3 48.7 96.0 98.9 96.3 59.4 31.5 44.9 23.2 11.6 5.9 1996 .............................................. 54.1 3 48.3 94.0 97.7 95.4 61.5 32.5 44.4 24.8 11.9 6.1 1997 .............................................. 55.6 3 52.6 96.5 99.1 96.6 61.5 34.3 45.9 26.4 11.8 5.7 1 Includes enrollment in any type of graded public, parochial, or other private schools. Includes nursery schools, kindergartens, elementary schools, high schools, colleges, universities and professional schools. Attendance may be on either a full time or part time basis and during the day or night. Enrollments in `` special'' schools, such as trade schools, business colleges, or correspondence schools, are not included.

2 Data are as of April 1940. Data for all other years are as of October.

3 Preprimary enrollment collected using new procedures. May not be comparable to figures for earlier years.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Data are based upon sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional population

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970; Current Population Reports, Series P 20, various years; and Current Population Survey, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared August 1998.) 16 ALL LEVELS: ENROLLMENT RATES Table 7.   Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, 1 by race/ ethnicity, sex, and age: October 1980 to October 1997 Year and age Total Male Female All races White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic origin All races White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic origin All races White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic origin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1975 Total, 3 to 34 years ........... 53.7 53.0 57.7 54.8 56.1 55.2 60.4 58.1 51.5 50.8 55.3 51.7 3 and 4 years ................ 31.5 31.0 34.4 27.3 30.9 31.1 31.4 26.7 32.1 30.9 37.5 27.9 5 and 6 years ................ 94.7 95.1 94.4 92.1 94.4 94.8 94.8 89.7 95.1 95.4 94.0 94.4 7 to 9 years ................... 99.3 99.4 99.3 99.6 99.2 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.5 99.6 99.2 99.5 10 to 13 years ............... 99.3 99.3 99.1 99.2 98.9 99.0 98.9 98.8 99.6 99.6 99.3 99.7 14 and 15 years ............ 98.2 98.5 97.4 95.6 98.4 98.6 97.6 97.4 98.0 98.4 97.2 93.8 16 and 17 years ............ 89.0 89.5 86.8 86.2 90.7 91.2 88.1 88.3 87.2 87.8 85.5 84.0 18 and 19 years ............ 46.9 46.8 46.9 44.0 49.9 49.4 49.6 51.9 44.2 44.2 44.6 37.1 20 and 21 years ............ 31.2 32.1 26.7 27.5 35.3 36.7 28.4 31.3 27.4 27.8 25.3 24.3 22 to 24 years ............... 16.2 16.4 13.9 14.1 20.0 20.8 14.5 15.9 12.6 12.2 13.4 12.5 25 to 29 years ............... 10.1 10.1 9.4 8.3 13.1 13.2 11.6 11.9 7.2 7.2 7.6 5.3 30 to 34 years ............... 6.6 6.6 7.1 5.5 7.7 7.5 8.7 7.2 5.6 5.8 5.9 4.1 1980 Total, 3 to 34 years ........... 49.7 48.8 54.0 49.8 50.9 50.0 56.2 49.9 48.5 47.7 52.1 49.8 3 and 4 years ................ 36.7 37.4 38.2 28.5 37.8 39.2 36.4 30.1 35.5 35.5 40.0 26.6 5 and 6 years ................ 95.7 95.9 95.5 94.5 95.0 95.4 94.1 94.0 96.4 96.5 97.0 94.9 7 to 9 years ................... 99.1 99.1 99.4 98.4 99.0 99.0 99.5 97.7 99.2 99.2 99.3 99.0 10 to 13 years ............... 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.7 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.3 99.3 99.9 14 and 15 years ............ 98.2 98.7 97.9 94.3 98.7 98.9 98.4 96.7 97.7 98.5 97.3 92.1 16 and 17 years ............ 89.0 89.2 90.7 81.8 89.1 89.4 90.7 81.5 88.8 89.0 90.6 82.2 18 and 19 years ............ 46.4 47.0 45.8 37.8 47.0 48.5 42.9 36.9 45.8 45.7 48.3 38.8 20 and 21 years ............ 31.0 33.0 23.3 19.5 32.6 34.8 22.8 21.4 29.5 31.3 23.7 17.6 22 to 24 years ............... 16.3 16.8 13.6 11.7 17.8 18.7 13.4 10.7 14.9 15.0 13.7 12.6 25 to 29 years ............... 9.3 9.4 8.8 6.9 9.8 9.8 10.6 6.8 8.8 9.1 7.5 6.9 30 to 34 years ............... 6.4 6.4 6.9 5.1 5.9 5.6 7.2 6.2 7.0 7.2 6.6 4.1 1985 Total, 3 to 34 years ........... 48.3 47.8 50.8 47.7 49.2 48.7 52.6 47.5 47.4 46.9 49.2 47.9 3 and 4 years ................ 38.9 40.3 42.8 27.0 36.7 39.1 34.6 26.4 41.2 41.6 50.3 27.7 5 and 6 years ................ 96.1 96.6 95.7 94.5 95.3 95.6 94.5 95.3 97.0 97.6 97.1 93.7 7 to 9 years ................... 99.1 99.4 98.6 98.4 99.0 99.3 98.4 98.9 99.2 99.4 98.9 98.0 10 to 13 years ............... 99.3 99.3 99.5 99.4 99.2 99.2 99.1 99.1 99.4 99.3 99.9 99.7 14 and 15 years ............ 98.1 98.3 98.1 96.1 98.3 98.4 98.5 96.2 97.9 98.1 97.6 96.0 16 and 17 years ............ 91.7 92.5 91.8 84.5 92.4 92.9 92.0 88.9 90.9 92.2 91.6 80.0 18 and 19 years ............ 51.6 53.7 43.5 41.8 52.2 53.4 49.4 38.6 51.0 54.0 37.8 44.7 20 and 21 years ............ 35.3 37.2 27.7 24.0 36.5 38.8 29.9 20.3 34.1 35.7 25.8 27.4 22 to 24 years ............... 16.9 17.5 13.8 11.6 18.8 19.8 13.5 12.6 15.1 15.4 14.0 10.4 25 to 29 years ............... 9.2 9.6 7.4 6.6 9.4 9.7 5.8 8.2 9.1 9.4 8.7 4.9 30 to 34 years ............... 6.1 6.2 5.2 5.7 5.4 5.6 3.9 4.0 6.8 6.9 6.2 7.5 1990 Total, 3 to 34 years ........... 50.2 49.8 52.2 47.2 50.9 50.4 54.3 46.8 49.5 49.2 50.3 47.7 3 and 4 years ................ 44.4 47.2 41.8 30.7 43.9 47.9 38.1 28.0 44.9 46.6 45.5 33.6 5 and 6 years ................ 96.5 96.7 96.5 94.9 96.5 96.8 96.2 95.8 96.4 96.7 96.9 93.9 7 to 9 years ................... 99.7 99.7 99.8 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.9 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.4 10 to 13 years ............... 99.6 99.7 99.9 99.1 99.6 99.6 99.9 99.0 99.7 99.7 99.8 99.1 14 and 15 years ............ 99.0 99.0 99.4 99.0 99.1 99.2 99.7 99.1 98.9 98.9 99.1 98.8 16 and 17 years ............ 92.5 93.5 91.7 85.4 92.6 93.4 93.0 85.5 92.4 93.7 90.5 85.3 18 and 19 years ............ 57.2 59.1 55.0 44.0 58.2 59.7 60.4 40.7 56.3 58.5 49.8 47.2 20 and 21 years ............ 39.7 43.1 28.3 27.2 40.3 44.2 31.0 21.7 39.2 42.0 25.8 33.1 22 to 24 years ............... 21.0 21.9 19.7 9.9 22.3 23.7 19.3 11.2 19.9 20.3 20.0 8.4 25 to 29 years ............... 9.7 10.4 6.1 6.3 9.2 10.0 4.7 4.6 10.2 10.7 7.3 8.1 30 to 34 years ............... 5.8 6.2 4.5 3.6 4.8 5.0 2.3 4.0 6.9 7.4 6.3 3.1 1997 Total, 3 to 34 years ........... 55.6 55.6 58.6 50.8 55.8 55.9 59.7 49.0 55.4 55.2 57.5 52.7 3 and 4 years 2 .............. 52.6 54.9 60.0 36.6 51.9 54.9 57.4 35.5 53.2 55.0 62.9 37.7 5 and 6 years ................ 96.5 96.9 95.7 96.6 96.7 97.3 94.0 97.7 96.4 96.4 97.1 95.7 7 to 9 years ................... 98.8 98.9 99.2 98.6 98.6 98.8 98.7 97.7 99.1 99.0 99.8 99.6 10 to 13 years ............... 99.3 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.4 99.3 99.1 99.8 99.3 99.1 99.7 99.5 14 and 15 years ............ 98.9 98.9 99.2 98.4 99.1 99.0 99.5 99.5 98.7 98.8 98.9 97.3 16 and 17 years ............ 94.3 95.1 93.5 91.1 94.2 94.5 93.8 92.5 94.4 95.7 93.2 89.6 18 and 19 years ............ 61.5 64.0 57.8 49.4 60.5 63.3 56.2 45.4 62.4 64.9 59.4 53.9 20 and 21 years ............ 45.9 49.9 36.0 28.9 44.4 48.5 35.1 27.6 47.4 51.3 36.7 30.4 22 to 24 years ............... 26.4 27.8 25.7 16.4 25.4 27.5 21.8 14.0 27.4 28.1 28.9 19.2 25 to 29 years ............... 11.8 12.2 10.6 7.3 11.7 12.0 10.1 5.9 11.9 12.4 10.9 8.8 30 to 34 years ............... 5.7 5.6 6.5 3.7 4.7 4.6 5.8 2.7 6.6 6.6 7.2 4.9 1 Includes enrollment in any type of graded public, parochial, or other private schools. Includes nursery schools, kindergartens, elementary schools, high schools, colleges, universities and professional schools. Attendance may be on either a full time or part time basis and during the day or night. Enrollments in `` special'' schools, such as trade schools, business colleges, or correspondence schools, are not included. 2 Preprimary enrollment collected using new procedures. May not be comparable to figures for earlier years. NOTE.   Data are based upon sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional population

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared August 1998.) 17 ALL LEVELS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Table 8.   Years of school completed by persons age 25 and over and 25 to 29, by race/ ethnicity and sex: 1910 to 1997 Age, year, and sex Percent, by years of school completed All races White, non Hispanic 1 Black, non Hispanic 1 Hispanic Less than 5 years of elementary school High school completion or higher 2 4 or more years of college 3 Less than 5 years of elementary school High school completion or higher 2 4 or more years of college 3 Less than 5 years of elementary school High school completion or higher 2 4 or more years of college 3 Less than 5 years of elementary school High school completion or higher 2 4 or more years of college 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Males and females 25 and over 1910 4 ........................................ 23.8 13.5 2.7                   1920 4 ........................................ 22.0 16.4 3.3                   1930 4 ........................................ 17.5 19.1 3.9                   April 1940 .................................. 13.7 24.5 4.6 10.9 26.1 4.9 41.8 7.7 1.3       April 1950 .................................. 11.1 34.3 6.2 8.9 36.4 6.6 32.6 13.7 2.2       April 1960 .................................. 8.3 41.1 7.7 6.7 43.2 8.1 23.5 21.7 3.5       March 1970 ............................... 5.3 55.2 11.0 4.2 57.4 11.6 14.7 36.1 6.1       March 1980 ............................... 3.4 68.6 17.0 1.9 71.9 18.4 9.1 51.4 7.9 15.8 44.5 7.6 March 1985 ............................... 2.7 73.9 19.4 1.4 77.5 20.8 6.1 59.9 11.1 13.5 47.9 8.5 March 1986 ............................... 2.7 74.7 19.4 1.4 78.2 20.1 5.3 62.5 10.9 12.9 48.5 8.4 March 1987 ............................... 2.4 75.6 19.9 1.3 79.0 20.5 4.9 63.6 10.8 11.9 50.9 8.6 March 1988 ............................... 2.5 76.2 20.3 1.2 79.8 21.8 4.8 63.5 11.2 12.2 51.0 10.0 March 1989 ............................... 2.5 76.9 21.1 1.2 80.7 22.8 5.2 64.7 11.7 12.2 50.9 9.9 March 1990 ............................... 2.5 77.6 21.3 1.1 81.4 23.1 5.1 66.2 11.3 12.3 50.8 9.2 March 1991 ............................... 2.4 78.4 21.4 1.1 82.4 23.3 4.7 66.8 11.5 12.5 51.3 9.7 March 1992 ............................... 2.1 79.4 21.4 0.9 83.4 23.2 3.9 67.7 11.9 11.8 52.6 9.3 March 1993 ............................... 2.1 80.2 21.9 0.8 84.1 23.8 3.7 70.5 12.2 11.8 53.1 9.0 March 1994 ............................... 1.9 80.9 22.2 0.8 84.9 24.3 2.7 73.0 12.9 10.8 53.3 9.1 March 1995 ............................... 1.9 81.7 23.0 0.7 85.9 23.4 2.5 73.8 13.3 10.6 53.4 9.3 March 1996 ............................... 1.8 81.7 23.6 0.6 86.0 25.9 2.2 74.6 13.8 10.4 53.1 9.3 March 1997 ............................... 1.7 82.1 23.9 0.6 86.3 26.2 2.0 75.3 13.3 9.4 54.7 10.3 25 to 29 1920 4 ........................................       12.9 22.0 4.5 44.6 6.3 1.2       April 1940 .................................. 5.9 38.1 5.9 3.4 41.2 6.4 27.0 12.3 1.6       April 1950 .................................. 4.6 52.8 7.7 3.3 56.3 8.2 16.1 23.6 2.8       April 1960 .................................. 2.8 60.7 11.0 2.2 63.7 11.8 7.2 38.6 5.4       March 1970 ............................... 1.1 75.4 16.4 0.9 77.8 17.3 2.2 58.4 10.0       March 1980 ............................... 0.8 85.4 22.5 0.3 89.2 25.0 0.7 76.7 11.6 6.7 58.0 7.7 March 1985 ............................... 0.7 86.1 22.2 0.2 89.5 24.4 0.4 80.5 11.6 6.0 60.9 11.1 March 1986 ............................... 0.9 86.1 22.4 0.4 89.6 25.2 0.5 83.5 11.8 5.6 59.1 9.0 March 1987 ............................... 0.9 86.0 22.0 0.4 89.4 24.7 0.4 83.5 11.5 4.8 59.8 8.7 March 1988 ............................... 1.0 85.9 22.7 0.3 89.7 25.1 0.3 80.9 12.0 6.0 62.3 11.3 March 1989 ............................... 1.0 85.5 23.4 0.3 89.3 26.3 0.5 82.3 12.7 5.4 61.0 10.1 March 1990 ............................... 1.2 85.7 23.2 0.3 90.1 26.4 1.0 81.7 13.4 7.3 58.2 8.2 March 1991 ............................... 1.0 85.4 23.2 0.3 89.8 26.7 0.5 81.8 11.0 5.8 56.7 9.2 March 1992 ............................... 0.9 86.3 23.6 0.3 90.7 27.2 0.8 80.9 11.1 5.2 60.9 9.5 March 1993 ............................... 0.7 86.7 23.7 0.3 91.2 27.2 0.2 82.7 13.3 4.0 60.9 8.3 March 1994 ............................... 0.8 86.1 23.3 0.3 91.1 27.1 0.6 84.1 13.6 3.6 60.3 8.0 March 1995 ............................... 1.0 86.9 24.7 0.3 92.5 28.8 0.2 86.7 15.4 4.9 57.2 8.9 March 1996 ............................... 0.8 87.3 27.1 0.2 92.6 31.6 0.4 86.0 14.6 4.3 61.1 10.0 March 1997 ............................... 0.8 87.4 27.8 0.1 92.9 32.6 0.6 86.9 14.2 4.2 61.8 11.0 Males 25 and over April 1940 .................................. 15.1 22.7 5.5 12.0 24.2 5.9 46.2 6.9 1.4       April 1950 .................................. 12.2 32.6 7.3 9.8 34.6 7.9 36.9 12.6 2.1       April 1960 .................................. 9.4 39.5 9.7 7.4 41.6 10.3 27.7 20.0 3.5       March 1970 ............................... 5.9 55.0 14.1 4.5 57.2 15.0 17.9 35.4 6.8       March 1980 ............................... 3.6 69.2 20.9 2.0 72.4 22.8 11.3 51.2 7.7 16.5 44.9 9.2 March 1990 ............................... 2.7 77.7 24.4 1.3 81.6 26.7 6.4 65.8 11.9 12.9 50.3 9.8 March 1994 ............................... 2.1 81.1 25.1 0.8 85.1 27.8 3.9 71.8 12.7 11.4 53.4 9.6 March 1995 ............................... 2.0 81.7 26.0 0.8 86.0 28.9 3.4 73.5 13.7 10.8 52.9 10.1 March 1996 ............................... 1.9 81.9 26.0 0.7 86.1 28.8 2.9 74.6 12.5 10.2 53.0 10.3 March 1997 ............................... 1.8 82.0 26.2 0.6 86.3 29.0 2.9 73.8 12.5 9.2 54.9 10.6 Females 25 and over April 1940 .................................. 12.4 26.3 3.8 9.8 28.1 4.0 37.5 8.4 1.2       April 1950 .................................. 10.0 36.0 5.2 8.1 38.2 5.4 28.6 14.7 2.4       April 1960 .................................. 7.4 42.5 5.8 6.0 44.7 6.0 19.7 23.1 3.6       March 1970 ............................... 4.7 55.4 8.2 3.9 57.7 8.6 11.9 36.6 5.6       March 1980 ............................... 3.2 68.1 13.6 1.8 71.5 14.4 7.4 51.5 8.1 15.3 44.2 6.2 March 1990 ............................... 2.2 77.5 18.4 1.0 81.3 19.8 4.1 66.5 10.8 11.7 51.3 8.7 March 1994 ............................... 1.7 80.8 19.6 0.7 84.7 21.1 1.8 73.9 13.1 10.3 53.2 8.6 March 1995 ............................... 1.7 81.6 20.2 0.6 85.8 22.2 1.8 74.1 13.0 10.4 53.8 8.4 March 1996 ............................... 1.7 81.6 21.4 0.5 85.9 23.2 1.6 74.6 14.8 10.6 53.3 8.3 March 1997 ............................... 1.6 82.2 21.7 0.5 86.3 23.7 1.3 76.5 14.0 9.5 54.6 10.1 1 Includes persons of Hispanic origin for years prior to 1980. 2 Data for years prior to 1993 include all persons with at least 4 years of high school. 3 Data for 1993 and later years are for persons with a bachelor's degree or higher. 4 Estimates based on Bureau of the Census retrojection of 1940 Census data on education by age.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Data for 1980 and subsequent years are for the noninstitutional population. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census of Population, 1960, Vol. 1, part 1; Current Population Reports, Series P 20 and unpublished data; and 1960 Census Monograph, `` Education of the American Population by John K. Folger and Charles B. Nam. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 18 ALL LEVELS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Table 9.   Highest level of education attained by persons age 18 and over, by age, sex, and race/ ethnicity: March 1997 [ In thousands]

Age, sex, and race Total population 1 Elementary level High school College Less than 7 years 7 or 8 years 1 to 3 years 4 years Graduate Some college Associate Bachelor's Master's Professional Doctorate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 18 and over ...................................................... 195,568 6,799 7,250 19,393 2,868 65,370 38,041 13,336 29,089 9,205 2,455 1,761 18 and 19 years old .................................... 7,498 71 101 2,646 425 2,312 1,916 17 9 1     20 to 24 years old ....................................... 17,489 339 225 1,628 350 5,472 6,757 914 1,723 73 8   25 years old and over ................................. 170,581 6,389 6,924 15,119 2,093 57,586 29,367 12,406 27,357 9,132 2,447 1,761 25 to 29 years old .................................... 19,260 423 276 1,479 255 5,821 4,160 1,490 4,390 692 184 90 30 to 34 years old .................................... 20,996 509 298 1,591 299 6,889 3,883 1,991 4,099 972 291 174 35 to 39 years old .................................... 22,755 555 315 1,700 281 7,991 4,225 2,013 4,060 1,139 284 191 40 to 49 years old .................................... 39,559 995 744 2,531 370 13,061 7,351 3,540 6,972 2,766 743 486 50 to 59 years old .................................... 26,238 1,012 998 2,134 297 9,234 4,274 1,740 3,782 1,933 396 437 60 to 64 years old .................................... 9,896 572 622 1,151 132 3,657 1,370 487 1,083 540 149 132 65 years old and over .............................. 31,877 2,322 3,670 4,532 460 10,933 4,104 1,146 2,970 1,090 401 250 Males 18 and over ...................................................... 94,154 3,471 3,434 9,464 1,551 30,196 18,183 5,731 14,387 4,809 1,711 1,218 18 and 19 years old .................................... 3,783 42 61 1,486 237 1,134 815 7         20 to 24 years old ....................................... 8,751 189 136 846 233 2,836 3,335 425 716 33 2   25 years old and over ................................. 81,620 3,240 3,237 7,132 1,080 26,226 14,033 5,299 13,672 4,776 1,708 1,218 25 to 29 years old .................................... 9,613 229 159 805 173 2,970 2,088 660 2,069 311 111 38 30 to 34 years old .................................... 10,426 282 153 852 178 3,512 1,826 905 1,962 481 175 102 35 to 39 years old .................................... 11,323 321 157 904 163 4,053 2,007 851 1,972 599 187 107 40 to 49 years old .................................... 19,439 530 345 1,340 198 6,103 3,619 1,550 3,529 1,384 508 336 50 to 59 years old .................................... 12,725 544 548 979 127 4,077 2,031 726 2,002 1,069 291 332 60 to 64 years old .................................... 4,689 280 311 471 59 1,537 673 216 592 336 112 103 65 years old and over .............................. 13,404 1,054 1,564 1,782 181 3,974 1,789 392 1,546 596 325 200 Females 18 and over ...................................................... 101,414 3,328 3,816 9,930 1,317 35,174 19,858 7,606 14,702 4,396 744 543 18 and 19 years old .................................... 3,715 29 40 1,160 187 1,178 1,101 10 9 1     20 to 24 years old ....................................... 8,737 150 89 783 117 2,635 3,422 488 1,008 39 5   25 years old and over ................................. 88,961 3,149 3,687 7,987 1,013 31,360 15,335 7,107 13,685 4,356 739 543 25 to 29 years old .................................... 9,647 194 117 674 82 2,850 2,073 830 2,321 381 73 52 30 to 34 years old .................................... 10,570 228 145 739 120 3,377 2,057 1,086 2,137 491 116 72 35 to 39 years old .................................... 11,432 234 158 796 118 3,938 2,218 1,163 2,088 540 97 84 40 to 49 years old .................................... 20,120 465 400 1,192 172 6,959 3,732 1,990 3,443 1,383 235 150 50 to 59 years old .................................... 13,513 468 450 1,155 170 5,157 2,243 1,014 1,780 865 105 105 60 to 64 years old .................................... 5,207 293 311 681 73 2,120 697 270 491 204 37 30 65 years old and over .............................. 18,474 1,268 2,106 2,750 278 6,959 2,315 753 1,424 493 76 51 White, non Hispanic 18 and over ...................................................... 145,855 1,834 4,860 12,372 1,584 50,200 29,052 10,595 24,072 7,731 2,076 1,477 18 and 19 years old .................................... 4,971 4 61 1,647 242 1,598 1,399 11 7 1     20 to 24 years old ....................................... 11,585 34 77 713 152 3,561 4,877 731 1,383 53 5   25 years old and over ................................. 129,299 1,797 4,722 10,012 1,190 45,042 22,775 9,853 22,681 7,677 2,071 1,477 25 to 29 years old .................................... 12,924 34 107 684 97 3,817 2,855 1,111 3,505 497 143 74 30 to 34 years old .................................... 14,486 35 101 824 137 4,870 2,677 1,488 3,270 748 213 122 35 to 39 years old .................................... 16,434 51 112 1,046 160 5,906 3,026 1,520 3,302 927 237 147 40 to 49 years old .................................... 30,010 180 332 1,501 182 9,995 5,716 2,912 5,767 2,375 633 417 50 to 59 years old .................................... 20,548 230 642 1,412 149 7,506 3,578 1,418 3,201 1,676 354 381 60 to 64 years old .................................... 7,864 157 437 829 93 3,116 1,190 393 927 465 135 123 65 years old and over .............................. 27,033 1,110 2,992 3,716 371 9,832 3,731 1,011 2,709 989 357 214 Black, non Hispanic 18 and over ...................................................... 22,186 789 830 3,395 581 8,060 4,604 1,312 1,904 564 84 62 18 and 19 years old .................................... 1,148 3 10 471 72 385 206           20 to 24 years old ....................................... 2,425 15 13 334 76 950 841 63 127 5     25 years old and over ................................. 18,613 771 807 2,589 433 6,725 3,557 1,249 1,777 559 84 62 25 to 29 years old .................................... 2,529 15 3 258 55 1,019 672 147 301 48 5 6 30 to 34 years old .................................... 2,653 33 29 289 63 1,019 614 248 296 51 7 4 35 to 39 years old .................................... 2,812 17 41 298 56 1,090 680 243 323 45 17 2 40 to 49 years old .................................... 4,528 74 129 540 98 1,745 915 335 478 166 31 18 50 to 59 years old .................................... 2,576 123 131 429 82 921 360 164 205 145 1 14 60 to 64 years old .................................... 962 93 79 212 28 299 106 43 58 34 7 2 65 years old and over .............................. 2,553 416 394 562 52 632 211 69 115 71 15 15 Hispanic 18 and over ...................................................... 19,103 3,683 1,324 3,017 607 5,005 2,892 889 1,228 282 103 73 18 and 19 years old .................................... 1034 61 30 423 87 259 170 5         20 to 24 years old ....................................... 2,592 283 130 500 112 735 668 79 75 7 3   25 years old and over ................................. 15,477 3,338 1,164 2,094 409 4,011 2,054 805 1,153 275 100 73 25 to 29 years old .................................... 2,778 342 141 479 99 791 459 161 256 37 9 4 30 to 34 years old .................................... 2,717 399 156 431 86 724 429 166 248 50 20 9 35 to 39 years old .................................... 2,453 463 145 301 55 704 365 153 208 37 8 15 40 to 49 years old .................................... 3,290 665 251 381 74 881 476 181 253 76 32 21 50 to 59 years old .................................... 2,042 571 195 244 55 499 201 98 106 45 18 10 60 to 64 years old .................................... 682 241 75 95 9 145 44 19 34 14 3 1 65 years old and over .............................. 1,516 657 203 162 32 267 81 26 49 16 9 13 1 Civilian noninstitutional population.   Data not applicable or not available.

NOTE.   Data are based on a sample survey of the noninstitutional population. Although cells with fewer than 75,000 people are subject to relatively wide sampling variation they are included in the table to permit various types of aggregations. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 19 ALL LEVELS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Table 10.   Number of persons age 18 and over who hold a bachelor's or higher degree, by field of study, sex, race, and age: Spring 1993 [ Numbers in thousands]

Field of study Total Sex Race Age Males Females White 1 Black 1 18 to 24 years old 25 to 34 years old 35 to 44 years old 45 to 54 years old 55 to 64 years old 65 years old and over 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total population, 18 and over ........................................ 188,683 90,555 98,128 159,940 21,391 25,507 42,162 41,094 28,657 20,524 30,739 Number of persons with bachelor's or higher degree ............ 36,786 19,352 17,436 32,280 2,314 2,456 9,635 10,691 6,869 3,470 3,664 Percent of population .............................................................. 19.5 21.4 17.8 20.2 10.8 9.6 22.9 26.0 24.0 16.9 11.9 Agriculture and forestry ................................................................ 543 437 107 517 11 39 94 198 103 56 53 Biology ......................................................................................... 827 525 302 674 59 102 190 283 156 65 30 Business and management ......................................................... 6,739 4,524 2,215 5,947 458 472 2,091 1,839 1,250 595 490 Economics .................................................................................... 815 551 263 695 42 58 236 213 144 96 67 Education ..................................................................................... 6,078 1,482 4,597 5,493 409 268 965 1,764 1,438 798 845 Engineering .................................................................................. 3,425 2,986 439 2,874 164 197 1,165 906 489 353 315 English and journalism ................................................................. 1,356 519 837 1,163 97 109 363 383 285 86 130 Home economics ......................................................................... 375 17 358 329 27 6 61 113 49 60 86 Law ............................................................................................... 1,167 865 301 1,045 53 56 279 372 226 110 124 Liberal arts and humanities ......................................................... 2,855 1,228 1,629 2,570 132 242 690 855 518 236 315 Mathematics and statistics ........................................................... 754 477 276 637 80 44 223 188 146 54 99 Medicine and dentistry ................................................................. 1,119 825 294 900 27 22 253 413 187 85 159 Nursing, pharmacy, and health technologies .............................. 2,166 352 1,814 1,845 137 156 649 665 329 180 186 Physical and earth sciences ........................................................ 918 650 270 837 31 48 270 198 192 77 133 Police science and law enforcement ........................................... 363 251 112 309 30 19 149 114 57 14 9 Psychology ................................................................................... 1,342 531 811 1,216 63 138 364 415 243 75 107 Religion and theology .................................................................. 577 484 93 525 48 9 112 172 95 88 101 Social sciences ............................................................................ 2,341 1,023 1,318 2,028 232 226 576 689 440 210 200 Vocational and technical studies ................................................. 202 140 62 165 17 20 82 38 29 20 13 Other fields ................................................................................... 2,825 1,487 1,338 2,507 198 226 824 872 492 213 199 Percentage distribution of degree holders, by field Total .................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture and forestry ................................................................ 1.5 2.3 0.6 1.6 0.5 1.6 1.0 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.4 Biology ......................................................................................... 2.2 2.7 1.7 2.1 2.5 4.2 2.0 2.6 2.3 1.9 0.8 Business and management ......................................................... 18.3 23.4 12.7 18.4 19.8 19.2 21.7 17.2 18.2 17.1 13.4 Economics .................................................................................... 2.2 2.8 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.8 1.8 Education ..................................................................................... 16.5 7.7 26.4 17.0 17.7 10.9 10.0 16.5 20.9 23.0 23.1 Engineering .................................................................................. 9.3 15.4 2.5 8.9 7.1 8.0 12.1 8.5 7.1 10.2 8.6 English and journalism ................................................................. 3.7 2.7 4.8 3.6 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.6 4.1 2.5 3.5 Home economics ......................................................................... 1.0 0.1 2.1 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.7 1.7 2.3 Law ............................................................................................... 3.2 4.5 1.7 3.2 2.3 2.3 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 Liberal arts and humanities ......................................................... 7.8 6.3 9.3 8.0 5.7 9.9 7.2 8.0 7.5 6.8 8.6 Mathematics and statistics ........................................................... 2.0 2.5 1.6 2.0 3.5 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.6 2.7 Medicine and dentistry ................................................................. 3.0 4.3 1.7 2.8 1.2 0.9 2.6 3.9 2.7 2.4 4.3 Nursing, pharmacy, and health technologies .............................. 5.9 1.8 10.4 5.7 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.2 4.8 5.2 5.1 Physical and earth sciences ........................................................ 2.5 3.4 1.5 2.6 1.3 2.0 2.8 1.9 2.8 2.2 3.6 Police science and law enforcement ........................................... 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 Psychology ................................................................................... 3.6 2.7 4.7 3.8 2.7 5.6 3.8 3.9 3.5 2.2 2.9 Religion and theology .................................................................. 1.6 2.5 0.5 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.5 2.8 Social sciences ............................................................................ 6.4 5.3 7.6 6.3 10.0 9.2 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.1 5.5 Vocational and technical studies ................................................. 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 Other fields ................................................................................... 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 8.6 9.2 8.6 8.2 7.2 6.1 5.4 1 Includes persons of Hispanic origin.

NOTE.   Data are based on a sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional population. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P 70, No. 51, `` What's It Worth? Educational Background and Economic Status: Spring 1993.'' ( This table was prepared April 1996.) 20 ALL LEVELS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Table 11.   Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by state: April 1990 State Number of persons 25 years old and over Distribution of population, by highest level of education attained Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college no degree Associate degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States .................................. 158,868,436 10.4 14.4 30.0 18.7 6.2 13.1 7.2 Alabama ............................................... 2,545,969 13.7 19.4 29.4 16.8 5.0 10.1 5.5 Alaska .................................................. 323,429 5.1 8.2 28.7 27.6 7.2 15.0 8.0 Arizona ................................................. 2,301,177 9.0 12.3 26.1 25.4 6.8 13.3 7.0 Arkansas .............................................. 1,496,150 15.2 18.4 32.7 16.6 3.7 8.9 4.5 California .............................................. 18,695,499 11.2 12.6 22.3 22.6 7.9 15.3 8.1 Colorado .............................................. 2,107,072 5.6 10.0 26.5 24.0 6.9 18.0 9.0 Connecticut .......................................... 2,198,963 8.4 12.4 29.5 15.9 6.6 16.2 11.0 Delaware .............................................. 428,499 7.2 15.3 32.7 16.9 6.5 13.7 7.7 District of Columbia .............................. 409,131 9.6 17.3 21.2 15.6 3.1 16.1 17.2 Florida .................................................. 8,887,168 9.5 16.1 30.1 19.4 6.6 12.0 6.3 Georgia ................................................ 4,023,420 12.0 17.1 29.6 17.0 5.0 12.9 6.4 Hawaii .................................................. 709,820 10.1 9.8 28.7 20.1 8.3 15.8 7.1 Idaho .................................................... 601,292 7.4 12.9 30.4 24.2 7.5 12.4 5.3 Illinois ................................................... 7,293,930 10.3 13.5 30.0 19.4 5.8 13.6 7.5 Indiana ................................................. 3,489,470 8.5 15.8 38.2 16.6 5.3 9.2 6.4 Iowa ..................................................... 1,776,798 9.2 10.7 38.5 17.0 7.7 11.7 5.2 Kansas ................................................. 1,565,936 7.7 11.0 32.8 21.9 5.4 14.1 7.0 Kentucky .............................................. 2,333,833 19.0 16.4 31.8 15.2 4.1 8.1 5.5 Louisiana .............................................. 2,536,994 14.7 17.0 31.7 17.2 3.3 10.5 5.6 Maine ................................................... 795,613 8.8 12.4 37.1 16.1 6.9 12.7 6.1 Maryland .............................................. 3,122,665 7.9 13.7 28.1 18.6 5.2 15.6 10.9 Massachusetts ..................................... 3,962,223 8.0 12.0 29.7 15.8 7.2 16.6 10.6 Michigan ............................................... 5,842,642 7.8 15.5 32.3 20.4 6.7 10.9 6.4 Minnesota ............................................ 2,770,562 8.6 9.0 33.0 19.0 8.6 15.6 6.3 Mississippi ............................................ 1,538,997 15.6 20.1 27.5 16.9 5.2 9.7 5.1 Missouri ................................................ 3,291,579 11.6 14.5 33.1 18.4 4.5 11.7 6.1 Montana ............................................... 507,851 8.1 10.9 33.5 22.1 5.6 14.1 5.7 Nebraska .............................................. 996,049 8.0 10.2 34.7 21.1 7.1 13.1 5.9 Nevada ................................................. 789,638 6.0 15.2 31.5 25.8 6.2 10.1 5.2 New Hampshire ................................... 713,894 6.7 11.2 31.7 18.0 8.1 16.4 7.9 New Jersey .......................................... 5,166,233 9.4 13.9 31.1 15.5 5.2 16.0 8.8 New Mexico ......................................... 922,590 11.4 13.5 28.7 20.9 5.0 12.1 8.3 New York ............................................. 11,818,569 10.2 15.0 29.5 15.7 6.5 13.2 9.9 North Carolina ...................................... 4,253,494 12.7 17.3 29.0 16.8 6.8 12.0 5.4 North Dakota ........................................ 396,550 15.0 8.3 28.0 20.5 10.0 13.5 4.5 Ohio ..................................................... 6,924,764 7.9 16.4 36.3 17.0 5.3 11.1 5.9 Oklahoma ............................................. 1,995,424 9.8 15.6 30.5 21.3 5.0 11.8 6.0 Oregon ................................................. 1,855,369 6.2 12.3 28.9 25.0 6.9 13.6 7.0 Pennsylvania ........................................ 7,872,932 9.4 15.9 38.6 12.9 5.2 11.3 6.6 Rhode Island ........................................ 658,956 11.1 16.9 29.5 15.0 6.3 13.5 7.8 South Carolina ..................................... 2,167,590 13.6 18.1 29.5 15.8 6.3 11.2 5.4 South Dakota ....................................... 430,500 13.4 9.5 33.7 18.8 7.4 12.3 4.9 Tennessee ........................................... 3,139,066 16.0 17.0 30.0 16.9 4.2 10.5 5.4 Texas ................................................... 10,310,605 13.5 14.4 25.6 21.1 5.2 13.9 6.5 Utah ..................................................... 897,321 3.4 11.5 27.2 27.9 7.8 15.4 6.8 Vermont ............................................... 357,245 8.7 10.6 34.6 14.7 7.2 15.4 8.9 Virginia ................................................. 3,974,814 11.2 13.7 26.6 18.5 5.5 15.4 9.1 Washington .......................................... 3,126,390 5.5 10.7 27.9 25.0 7.9 15.9 7.0 West Virginia ........................................ 1,171,766 16.8 17.3 36.6 13.2 3.8 7.5 4.8 Wisconsin ............................................. 3,094,226 9.5 11.9 37.1 16.7 7.1 12.1 5.6 Wyoming .............................................. 277,769 5.7 11.2 33.2 24.2 6.9 13.1 5.7 NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to 100.0 percent. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Decennial Census, Minority Economic Profiles, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared June 1993.) 21 ALL LEVELS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Table 12.   Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by state and race/ ethnicity: April 1990 State Percent with high school diploma or higher Percent with bachelor's degree or higher Total White 1 Black 1 Hispanic 2 Asian/ Pacific Islander 1 American Indian or Alaskan Native 1 Total White 1 Black 1 Hispanic 2 Asian/ Pacific Islander 1 American Indian or Alaskan Native 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States ...................... 75.2 77.9 63.1 49.8 77.5 65.5 20.3 21.5 11.4 9.2 36.6 9.3 Alabama ................................... 66.9 70.3 54.6 73.8 78.9 64.9 15.7 17.3 9.3 20.1 43.7 11.6 Alaska ...................................... 86.6 91.1 88.2 80.4 75.4 63.1 23.0 26.8 14.1 14.6 20.5 4.1 Arizona ..................................... 78.7 82.4 75.1 51.7 80.2 52.1 20.3 22.2 14.3 6.9 37.5 4.6 Arkansas .................................. 66.3 68.6 51.5 59.1 66.4 65.4 13.3 14.1 8.4 11.1 24.6 9.8 California .................................. 76.2 81.1 75.6 45.0 77.2 71.4 23.4 25.4 14.8 7.1 34.1 11.1 Colorado .................................. 84.4 86.1 80.8 58.3 78.3 73.9 27.0 28.3 17.1 8.6 32.1 12.1 Connecticut .............................. 79.2 80.9 67.0 53.5 81.9 68.9 27.2 28.5 12.3 12.1 50.8 12.5 Delaware .................................. 77.5 80.3 63.2 60.1 86.1 62.0 21.4 23.0 10.6 16.5 55.9 10.2 District of Columbia ................. 73.1 93.1 63.8 52.6 80.2 66.3 33.3 69.0 15.3 24.0 50.9 17.7 Florida ...................................... 74.4 77.0 56.4 57.2 77.8 68.2 18.3 19.3 9.8 14.2 33.6 11.5 Georgia .................................... 70.9 74.9 58.6 66.2 77.5 71.6 19.3 21.8 11.0 20.5 38.6 12.5 Hawaii ...................................... 80.1 89.3 94.2 73.9 74.7 84.4 22.9 30.2 15.2 10.3 19.4 17.7 Idaho ........................................ 79.7 80.9 82.8 43.4 80.3 68.1 17.7 18.0 15.8 6.6 27.6 7.2 Illinois ....................................... 76.2 79.1 65.2 45.0 83.9 71.4 21.0 22.4 11.4 8.0 49.8 13.4 Indiana ..................................... 75.6 76.5 65.4 62.6 85.8 65.0 15.6 17.6 9.3 10.8 53.1 8.4 Iowa ......................................... 80.1 80.3 70.1 64.2 76.4 67.6 16.9 16.7 12.8 13.7 47.3 9.7 Kansas ..................................... 81.3 82.4 71.0 58.1 73.6 75.4 21.1 21.7 11.6 10.1 39.9 10.8 Kentucky .................................. 64.6 64.7 61.7 74.0 77.9 59.8 13.6 13.9 7.7 18.9 44.2 8.0 Louisiana ................................. 68.3 74.2 53.1 67.6 68.1 49.1 16.1 18.7 9.1 16.6 31.4 5.5 Maine ....................................... 78.8 78.9 87.6 83.8 74.3 69.9 18.8 18.8 22.3 23.6 44.9 7.7 Maryland .................................. 78.4 80.8 70.6 70.3 84.8 73.4 26.5 28.9 16.1 25.2 50.3 19.7 Massachusetts ......................... 80.0 81.2 70.0 52.0 74.1 71.1 27.2 27.7 17.0 13.6 44.9 14.9 Michigan .................................. 76.8 78.6 64.9 60.9 83.3 67.8 17.4 18.1 10.1 11.6 54.1 7.6 Minnesota ................................ 82.4 82.8 76.2 71.1 69.7 68.2 21.8 21.9 17.5 17.2 33.5 7.7 Mississippi ............................... 64.3 71.7 47.3 67.7 68.2 57.4 14.7 17.2 8.8 17.1 35.1 8.1 Missouri ................................... 73.9 74.9 65.1 71.0 81.5 65.1 17.8 18.3 11.2 18.0 47.3 11.0 Montana ................................... 81.0 81.7 80.9 66.4 78.5 68.1 19.8 20.3 18.4 10.9 32.1 7.9 Nebraska ................................. 81.8 82.4 73.2 60.0 80.0 69.0 18.9 19.2 12.4 9.4 39.5 8.8 Nevada .................................... 78.8 80.9 70.8 53.7 74.1 69.8 15.3 15.9 9.0 7.0 21.9 8.0 New Hampshire ....................... 82.2 82.2 86.1 78.2 82.7 65.9 24.4 24.2 25.7 25.5 26.1 16.0 New Jersey .............................. 76.7 78.6 67.0 53.9 86.8 66.9 24.9 25.8 13.6 10.8 57.1 14.8 New Mexico ............................. 75.1 78.6 74.7 59.6 80.8 58.2 20.4 23.4 14.2 8.7 38.7 5.8 New York ................................. 76.7 78.5 64.7 50.4 72.4 65.2 23.1 25.3 12.6 9.3 38.7 13.4 North Carolina ......................... 70.0 73.1 58.1 71.0 77.9 51.5 17.4 19.3 9.5 17.9 39.3 7.9 North Dakota ........................... 76.7 76.9 95.9 75.2 83.7 64.3 18.1 18.3 17.1 15.9 37.8 8.3 Ohio ......................................... 75.7 76.9 64.6 63.3 83.5 65.3 17.0 17.6 9.1 14.2 53.2 8.3 Oklahoma ................................ 74.6 75.7 70.1 55.9 76.1 68.1 17.8 18.7 12.0 10.5 34.7 10.8 Oregon ..................................... 81.5 82.3 75.0 53.0 79.4 71.0 20.6 20.8 9.1 10.1 32.3 8.3 Pennsylvania ........................... 74.7 75.9 63.5 52.2 77.1 67.8 17.9 18.5 10.0 11.8 45.2 12.0 Rhode Island ........................... 72.0 73.0 65.9 46.8 59.6 64.5 21.3 21.8 12.7 8.9 30.6 8.3 South Carolina ......................... 68.3 73.6 53.3 71.8 77.4 62.5 16.6 19.8 7.6 19.8 34.4 10.9 South Dakota ........................... 77.1 77.8 82.2 71.3 74.3 62.5 17.2 17.6 24.1 13.4 33.1 6.8 Tennessee ............................... 67.1 68.2 59.4 71.5 79.3 63.1 16.0 16.7 10.2 21.9 42.6 10.5 Texas ....................................... 72.1 76.2 66.1 44.6 79.1 70.9 20.3 22.6 12.0 7.3 41.3 13.9 Utah ......................................... 85.1 86.2 77.0 61.0 80.7 59.3 22.3 22.7 15.9 9.1 29.4 6.4 Vermont ................................... 80.8 80.8 82.9 84.7 87.1 66.8 24.3 24.2 30.5 28.2 52.1 11.1 Virginia ..................................... 75.2 78.3 60.3 70.5 82.1 70.7 24.5 27.0 11.1 22.4 40.2 14.7 Washington .............................. 83.8 85.0 81.2 56.7 77.3 72.3 22.9 23.3 15.4 11.0 30.2 9.1 West Virginia ........................... 66.0 66.0 64.7 70.3 88.8 57.9 12.3 12.2 10.9 17.6 63.3 6.5 Wisconsin ................................ 78.6 79.6 61.3 54.1 71.5 66.8 17.7 18.1 8.3 10.0 40.4 5.5 Wyoming .................................. 83.0 83.9 81.2 59.3 77.5 68.2 18.8 19.3 9.5 4.8 28.6 6.2 1 Includes persons of Hispanic origin. 2 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Decennial Census, Minority Economic Profiles, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared June 1993.) 22 ALL LEVELS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Table 13.   Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, for the 25 largest states: March 1996 State Number of persons 25 years old and over ( in thousands) Percent high school completion or higher Percent completed bachelor's or higher degree Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Alabama .............................. 2,771 1,273 1,498 75.7 ( 2.3) 76.2 ( 3.3) 75.2 ( 3.1) 18.0 ( 2.1) 18.6 ( 3.1) 17.5 ( 2.8) Arizona ................................ 2,600 1,242 1,359 83.5 ( 2.0) 83.9 ( 2.8) 83.0 ( 2.7) 20.4 ( 2.1) 24.9 ( 3.3) 16.3 ( 2.7) California ............................. 19,849 9,773 10,076 79.8 ( 0.8) 80.3 ( 1.2) 79.2 ( 1.2) 26.8 ( 0.9) 29.8 ( 1.4) 23.9 ( 1.2) Florida ................................. 9,641 4,520 5,121 81.5 ( 1.0) 81.0 ( 1.4) 81.9 ( 1.3) 20.4 ( 1.0) 23.1 ( 1.6) 18.1 ( 1.3) Georgia ............................... 4,645 2,173 2,472 76.5 ( 2.2) 76.5 ( 3.2) 76.6 ( 3.0) 22.4 ( 2.1) 24.8 ( 3.2) 20.3 ( 2.8) Illinois .................................. 7,520 3,563 3,957 83.2 ( 1.1) 83.3 ( 1.6) 83.1 ( 1.5) 24.5 ( 1.3) 26.6 ( 1.9) 22.5 ( 1.7)

Indiana ................................ 3,728 1,783 1,945 83.7 ( 2.1) 84.6 ( 2.9) 82.8 ( 2.9) 16.2 ( 2.1) 17.6 ( 3.1) 14.8 ( 2.8) Kentucky ............................. 2,565 1,223 1,343 74.0 ( 2.3) 74.4 ( 3.4) 73.7 ( 3.2) 17.5 ( 2.0) 19.4 ( 3.0) 15.8 ( 2.7) Louisiana ............................ 2,697 1,274 1,424 74.6 ( 2.5) 74.2 ( 3.6) 75.0 ( 3.4) 19.2 ( 2.3) 20.9 ( 3.4) 17.8 ( 3.0) Maryland ............................. 3,325 1,603 1,722 84.6 ( 2.0) 85.4 ( 2.8) 83.8 ( 2.9) 32.5 ( 2.6) 35.3 ( 3.9) 29.8 ( 3.6) Massachusetts .................... 4,110 2,011 2,099 84.9 ( 1.0) 84.5 ( 1.5) 85.2 ( 1.4) 32.4 ( 1.3) 35.2 ( 2.0) 29.8 ( 1.8) Michigan ............................. 6,083 2,841 3,242 84.2 ( 1.0) 83.3 ( 1.6) 85.0 ( 1.4) 21.1 ( 1.2) 23.6 ( 1.8) 18.8 ( 1.5)

Minnesota ........................... 2,880 1,392 1,488 87.9 ( 1.8) 88.2 ( 2.6) 87.5 ( 2.6) 26.3 ( 2.5) 29.1 ( 3.6) 23.7 ( 3.3) Missouri .............................. 3,384 1,599 1,785 83.9 ( 2.1) 84.8 ( 2.9) 83.0 ( 2.9) 24.3 ( 2.4) 24.3 ( 3.5) 24.4 ( 3.3) New Jersey ......................... 5,231 2,487 2,745 84.9 ( 1.0) 85.4 ( 1.4) 84.4 ( 1.4) 28.3 ( 1.3) 31.4 ( 1.9) 25.5 ( 1.7) New York ............................ 11,839 5,513 6,326 81.6 ( 0.8) 82.7 ( 1.2) 80.7 ( 1.2) 25.6 ( 0.9) 27.7 ( 1.4) 23.8 ( 1.3) North Carolina .................... 4,708 2,261 2,447 76.0 ( 1.1) 73.9 ( 1.7) 78.0 ( 1.5) 21.0 ( 1.1) 22.6 ( 1.6) 19.6 ( 1.5) Ohio .................................... 7,186 3,430 3,756 84.9 ( 1.0) 86.1 ( 1.4) 83.8 ( 1.4) 22.3 ( 1.2) 25.5 ( 1.8) 19.4 ( 1.5)

Pennsylvania ...................... 7,941 3,685 4,256 81.6 ( 1.1) 81.3 ( 1.6) 81.9 ( 1.5) 22.3 ( 1.2) 25.4 ( 1.8) 19.6 ( 1.5) South Carolina .................... 2,318 1,088 1,230 73.8 ( 2.2) 75.5 ( 3.1) 72.3 ( 3.0) 18.1 ( 1.9) 19.7 ( 2.8) 16.6 ( 2.5) Tennessee .......................... 3,466 1,646 1,819 79.0 ( 2.0) 77.8 ( 3.0) 80.0 ( 2.8) 19.5 ( 2.0) 21.0 ( 3.0) 18.0 ( 2.7) Texas .................................. 11,411 5,524 5,887 76.4 ( 1.2) 76.5 ( 1.7) 76.3 ( 1.6) 21.9 ( 1.1) 24.2 ( 1.7) 19.8 ( 1.5) Virginia ................................ 4,240 1,974 2,265 82.0 ( 1.8) 81.2 ( 2.7) 82.6 ( 2.5) 26.3 ( 2.1) 28.9 ( 3.1) 24.1 ( 2.8) Washington ......................... 3,418 1,677 1,740 90.2 ( 1.6) 89.4 ( 2.3) 91.0 ( 2.1) 25.6 ( 2.3) 27.6 ( 3.3) 23.6 ( 3.1) Wisconsin ........................... 3,259 1,569 1,690 88.7 ( 1.6) 90.4 ( 2.2) 87.1 ( 2.4) 24.0 ( 2.2) 26.2 ( 3.2) 22.0 ( 2.9)

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, `` Educational Attainment in the United States: March 1996.'' ( This table was prepared September 1998.)

Table 14.   Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, for the 15 largest metropolitan areas: March 1995 Metropolitan area Number of persons 25 years old and over ( in thousands) Percent high school completion or higher Percent completed bachelor's or higher degree Total Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Atlanta, GA .......................................... 1,883 899 984 87.6 ( 3.7) 88.4 ( 3.5) 37.4 ( 5.5) 31.5 ( 5.1) Boston Lawrence Salem, MA/ NH ....... 3,254 1,548 1,706 88.2 ( 1.5) 87.1 ( 1.5) 38.8 ( 2.3) 32.5 ( 2.1) Chicago Gary Lake County, IL/ IN/ WI 5,306 2,506 2,800 83.7 ( 1.8) 83.8 ( 1.7) 31.4 ( 2.3) 25.6 ( 2.1) Cleveland Akron Lorain, OH ............... 2,016 925 1,091 81.0 ( 3.1) 79.3 ( 2.9) 24.9 ( 3.4) 16.4 ( 2.7) Dallas Fort Worth, TX ......................... 2,595 1,260 1,336 79.3 ( 3.3) 79.1 ( 3.2) 27.3 ( 3.6) 20.7 ( 3.2)

Detroit Ann Arbor, MI .......................... 3,472 1,652 1,820 80.9 ( 2.1) 80.7 ( 2.1) 27.2 ( 2.4) 18.8 ( 2.0) Houston Galveston Brazoria, TX ........ 3,077 1,475 1,602 83.7 ( 2.8) 83.4 ( 2.7) 31.4 ( 3.5) 22.1 ( 3.0) Los Angeles Anaheim Riverside, CA 9,467 4,605 4,862 77.5 ( 1.5) 75.2 ( 1.5) 28.4 ( 1.6) 19.7 ( 1.4) Miami Fort Lauderdale, FL ................. 2,232 1,055 1,177 85.7 ( 2.7) 81.9 ( 2.8) 27.3 ( 3.4) 20.4 ( 2.9) New York Northern New Jersey Long Island, NY/ NJ/ CT ............................. 12,525 5,770 6,754 84.4 ( 1.1) 82.5 ( 1.1) 32.8 ( 1.4) 25.3 ( 1.2)

Philadelphia Wilmington Trenton, PA/ NJ/ DE/ MD ........................................ 4,248 2,025 2,223 83.6 ( 2.0) 83.8 ( 1.9) 34.3 ( 2.6) 25.8 ( 2.3) Pittsburgh Beaver Valley, PA ............. 1,911 926 985 81.1 ( 3.2) 81.4 ( 3.1) 26.6 ( 3.6) 19.8 ( 3.1) San Francisco Oakland San Jose, CA 4,298 2,136 2,162 89.2 ( 2.1) 87.9 ( 2.2) 35.8 ( 3.2) 29.1 ( 3.0) St. Louis, MO/ IL .................................. 1,641 775 866 81.1 ( 4.9) 83.2 ( 4.4) 27.5 ( 5.6) 20.8 ( 4.8) Washington, DC/ MD/ VA ..................... 2,872 1,460 1,411 85.5 ( 3.0) 85.8 ( 3.0) 38.6 ( 4.2) 28.1 ( 3.9)

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, `` Educational Attainment in the United States: March 1995.'' ( This table was prepared July 1997.) 23 ALL LEVELS: POPULATION Table 15.   Estimates of resident population, by age group: July 1, 1970 to July 1, 1997 [ In thousands]

Year Total, all ages Total, 3 to 34 years 3 and 4 years 5 and 6 years 7 to 13 years 14 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 and 21 years 22 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1970 ................ 203,984 108,653 6,962 7,703 28,969 15,921 7,410 6,850 9,728 13,604 11,505 1971 ................ 206,827 110,482 6,805 7,344 28,892 16,326 7,644 7,106 10,596 13,927 11,842 1972 ................ 209,284 112,287 6,789 7,051 28,628 16,637 7,854 7,447 10,418 15,142 12,321 1973 ................ 211,357 113,954 6,938 6,888 28,159 16,864 8,044 7,658 10,615 15,694 13,094 1974 ................ 213,342 115,641 7,117 6,864 27,599 17,033 8,196 7,893 10,864 16,428 13,644 1975 ................ 215,465 117,006 6,912 7,014 26,904 17,125 8,418 8,089 11,228 17,183 14,131 1976 ................ 217,563 118,073 6,437 7,194 26,321 17,117 8,604 8,240 11,554 18,177 14,428 1977 ................ 219,760 118,853 6,190 6,978 25,878 17,042 8,613 8,456 11,856 18,180 15,661 1978 ................ 222,095 119,414 6,208 6,499 25,593 16,944 8,617 8,628 12,120 18,585 16,218 1979 ................ 224,567 120,126 6,252 6,256 25,174 16,610 8,698 8,653 12,443 19,077 16,961 1980 ................ 227,225 121,132 6,366 6,291 24,800 16,143 8,718 8,669 12,716 19,686 17,743 1981 ................ 229,466 121,999 6,535 6,315 24,396 15,609 8,582 8,759 12,903 20,169 18,731 1982 ................ 231,664 121,823 6,658 6,407 24,121 15,057 8,480 8,768 12,914 20,704 18,714 1983 ................ 233,792 122,302 6,877 6,572 23,709 14,740 8,290 8,652 12,981 21,414 19,067 1984 ................ 235,825 122,254 7,045 6,694 23,367 14,725 7,932 8,567 12,962 21,459 19,503 1985 ................ 237,924 122,512 7,134 6,916 22,976 14,888 7,637 8,370 12,895 21,671 20,025 1986 ................ 240,133 122,688 7,187 7,086 22,992 14,824 7,483 8,024 12,720 21,893 20,479 1987 ................ 242,289 122,672 7,132 7,178 23,325 14,502 7,502 7,742 12,450 21,857 20,984 1988 ................ 244,499 122,713 7,176 7,238 23,791 14,023 7,701 7,606 12,048 21,739 21,391 1989 ................ 246,819 122,655 7,315 7,184 24,228 13,536 7,898 7,651 11,607 21,560 21,676 1990 ................ 249,440 122,645 7,355 7,238 24,754 13,319 7,700 7,886 11,251 21,233 21,909 1991 ................ 252,124 122,553 7,425 7,368 25,076 13,439 7,201 8,028 11,149 20,715 22,152 1992 ................ 255,002 122,571 7,577 7,403 25,503 13,679 6,934 7,793 11,293 20,152 22,237 1993 ................ 257,753 122,740 7,830 7,484 25,857 13,952 6,958 7,326 11,511 19,593 22,229 1994 ................ 260,292 122,856 8,008 7,639 26,028 14,443 7,005 7,057 11,394 19,142 22,141 1995 ................ 262,761 122,881 8,006 7,886 26,256 14,770 7,122 7,079 10,967 18,954 21,839 1996 ................ 265,179 122,809 7,905 8,063 26,487 15,149 7,320 7,120 10,442 18,993 21,328 1997 ................ 267,636 122,753 7,785 8,065 26,883 15,429 7,468 7,248 10,263 18,869 20,741 NOTE.   Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P 25, Nos. 1000, 1022, 1045, 1057, 1059, 1092, 1095, and U. S. Population Estimates, by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990   1997, PPL 91R; and unpublished data. ( This table was prepared April 1998.)

Table 16.   Estimates of school age 1 resident population, by race and sex: July 1, 1970 to July 1, 1997 [ In thousands]

Year Total White 2 Black 2 Other races 2 Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1970 .......................... 52,593 26,793 25,801 44,783 22,877 21,906 7,108 3,561 3,547 703 355 349 1971 .......................... 52,562 26,780 25,782 44,644 22,809 21,834 7,182 3,600 3,583 737 371 365 1972 .......................... 52,316 26,658 25,658 44,336 22,655 21,681 7,211 3,615 3,596 768 388 380 1973 .......................... 51,910 26,456 25,455 43,898 22,434 21,464 7,213 3,617 3,596 799 405 394 1974 .......................... 51,498 26,249 25,249 43,454 22,210 21,244 7,213 3,618 3,596 830 420 409 1975 .......................... 51,044 26,022 25,022 42,950 21,956 20,994 7,199 3,611 3,588 895 456 440 1976 .......................... 50,633 25,822 24,811 42,477 21,721 20,755 7,208 3,617 3,591 948 483 465 1977 .......................... 49,897 25,456 24,441 41,737 21,350 20,386 7,167 3,600 3,568 994 506 487 1978 .......................... 49,038 25,024 24,013 40,883 20,919 19,964 7,116 3,576 3,540 1,039 530 509 1979 .......................... 48,041 24,524 23,517 39,910 20,427 19,484 7,037 3,538 3,498 1,094 560 536 1980 .......................... 47,232 24,135 23,097 39,002 19,982 19,020 6,989 3,520 3,469 1,241 633 608 1981 .......................... 46,319 23,676 22,643 38,105 19,527 18,578 6,872 3,474 3,398 1,342 675 667 1982 .......................... 45,585 23,309 22,276 37,365 19,153 18,212 6,826 3,442 3,384 1,394 714 680 1983 .......................... 45,020 23,031 21,989 36,800 18,873 17,927 6,762 3,412 3,350 1,458 746 712 1984 .......................... 44,788 22,920 21,868 36,509 18,731 17,778 6,743 3,404 3,339 1,536 785 751 1985 .......................... 44,782 22,927 21,855 36,393 18,679 17,714 6,729 3,400 3,329 1,660 848 812 1986 .......................... 44,903 22,996 21,907 36,408 18,701 17,707 6,802 3,438 3,364 1,693 857 836 1987 .......................... 45,005 23,056 21,949 36,361 18,674 17,687 6,841 3,460 3,381 1,803 922 881 1988 .......................... 45,051 23,086 21,965 36,279 18,637 17,642 6,881 3,482 3,399 1,891 967 924 1989 .......................... 44,947 23,036 21,911 36,122 18,550 17,572 6,867 3,475 3,392 1,958 1,011 947 1990 .......................... 45,312 23,229 22,083 36,320 18,668 17,652 6,920 3,503 3,417 2,069 1,055 1,014 1991 .......................... 45,884 23,531 22,353 36,734 18,888 17,846 7,013 3,552 3,461 2,131 1,086 1,045 1992 .......................... 46,583 23,894 22,689 37,233 19,147 18,086 7,146 3,624 3,522 2,205 1,125 1,080 1993 .......................... 47,292 24,259 23,033 37,717 19,396 18,321 7,292 3,699 3,593 2,288 1,165 1,123 1994 .......................... 48,110 24,681 23,429 38,280 19,684 18,594 7,466 3,791 3,676 2,362 1,204 1,159 1995 .......................... 48,911 25,095 23,816 38,842 19,975 18,867 7,615 3,869 3,749 2,453 1,250 1,202 1996 .......................... 49,698 25,500 24,199 39,383 20,250 19,133 7,766 3,947 3,818 2,553 1,302 1,250 1997 .......................... 50,378 25,846 24,532 39,850 20,486 19,366 7,887 4,011 3,876 2,641 1,349 1,291 1 Includes persons 5 to 17 years of age.

2 Includes persons of Hispanic origin.

NOTE.   Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P 25, Nos. 1000, 1022, 1045, 1057, 1092; U. S. Population Estimates, by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990   1997, PPL 91R; and unpublished data. ( This table was prepared April 1998.) 24 ALL LEVELS: POPULATION Table 17.   Estimated total and school age resident populations, by state: 1 1970 to 1997 [ In thousands]

State 1970 2 1980 2 1985 3 1990 2 1995 3 1996 3 1997 3 Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds Total, all ages 5 to 17

yearolds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 United States ...... 203,302 52,540 226,546 47,407 237,924 44,782 248,710 45,166 262,761 48,911 265,179 49,698 267,636 50,378 Alabama .................... 3,444 934 3,894 866 3,973 798 4,041 774 4,262 781 4,287 781 4,319 779 Alaska ....................... 303 88 402 92 532 112 550 117 602 134 605 136 609 139 Arizona ...................... 1,775 486 2,718 578 3,184 601 3,665 686 4,308 823 4,434 864 4,555 904 Arkansas ................... 1,923 498 2,286 496 2,327 461 2,351 455 2,481 478 2,506 483 2,523 486 California ................... 19,971 4,999 23,668 4,681 26,441 4,752 29,760 5,337 31,558 5,963 31,858 6,157 32,268 6,291 Colorado ................... 2,210 589 2,890 592 3,209 599 3,294 607 3,742 707 3,816 724 3,893 742 Connecticut ............... 3,032 768 3,108 638 3,201 549 3,287 520 3,267 564 3,267 569 3,270 575 Delaware ................... 548 148 594 125 618 113 666 114 716 125 723 127 732 128 District of Columbia .. 757 164 638 109 635 88 607 80 552 75 539 74 529 74 Florida ....................... 6,791 1,609 9,746 1,789 11,351 1,792 12,938 2,011 14,181 2,386 14,419 2,455 14,654 2,520 Georgia ..................... 4,588 1,223 5,463 1,231 5,963 1,195 6,478 1,230 7,192 1,367 7,334 1,399 7,486 1,430 Hawaii ....................... 770 204 965 198 1,040 194 1,108 196 1,179 211 1,183 213 1,187 214 Idaho ......................... 713 200 944 213 994 223 1,007 228 1,165 255 1,188 257 1,210 260 Illinois ........................ 11,110 2,859 11,427 2,401 11,400 2,192 11,431 2,095 11,795 2,201 11,845 2,240 11,896 2,271 Indiana ...................... 5,195 1,386 5,490 1,200 5,459 1,087 5,544 1,056 5,788 1,076 5,828 1,084 5,864 1,090 Iowa .......................... 2,825 743 2,914 604 2,830 543 2,777 525 2,841 538 2,848 539 2,852 542 Kansas ...................... 2,249 573 2,364 468 2,427 452 2,478 472 2,570 504 2,579 506 2,595 509 Kentucky ................... 3,221 844 3,661 800 3,695 745 3,685 703 3,856 708 3,882 707 3,908 704 Louisiana ................... 3,645 1,041 4,206 969 4,408 937 4,220 890 4,329 899 4,341 889 4,352 877 Maine ........................ 994 260 1,125 243 1,163 222 1,228 223 1,234 228 1,239 228 1,242 228 Maryland ................... 3,924 1,038 4,217 895 4,413 788 4,781 803 5,027 902 5,060 912 5,094 922 Massachusetts .......... 5,689 1,407 5,737 1,153 5,881 989 6,016 940 6,061 1,015 6,085 1,034 6,118 1,052 Michigan .................... 8,882 2,450 9,262 2,067 9,076 1,824 9,295 1,754 9,655 1,843 9,731 1,850 9,774 1,852 Minnesota ................. 3,806 1,051 4,076 865 4,184 796 4,375 828 4,607 918 4,649 925 4,686 935 Mississippi ................. 2,217 635 2,521 599 2,588 576 2,573 550 2,691 550 2,711 551 2,731 551 Missouri ..................... 4,678 1,183 4,917 1,008 5,000 941 5,117 944 5,325 1,010 5,364 1,026 5,402 1,040 Montana .................... 694 197 787 167 822 167 799 163 869 176 877 176 879 175 Nebraska ................... 1,485 389 1,570 324 1,585 305 1,578 309 1,636 326 1,649 328 1,657 330 Nevada ...................... 489 127 800 160 951 166 1,202 204 1,530 276 1,601 294 1,677 313 New Hampshire ........ 738 189 921 196 997 182 1,109 194 1,146 216 1,160 219 1,173 222 New Jersey ............... 7,171 1,797 7,365 1,528 7,566 1,340 7,730 1,265 7,956 1,385 8,002 1,409 8,053 1,430 New Mexico .............. 1,017 311 1,303 303 1,438 304 1,515 320 1,686 358 1,711 362 1,730 365 New York .................. 18,241 4,358 17,558 3,552 17,792 3,173 17,990 3,000 18,146 3,166 18,134 3,212 18,137 3,246 North Carolina ........... 5,084 1,323 5,882 1,254 6,254 1,175 6,629 1,147 7,187 1,280 7,309 1,317 7,425 1,355 North Dakota ............. 618 175 653 136 677 133 639 127 641 128 643 126 641 125 Ohio .......................... 10,657 2,820 10,798 2,307 10,735 2,090 10,847 2,012 11,133 2,073 11,163 2,083 11,186 2,090 Oklahoma .................. 2,559 640 3,025 622 3,271 635 3,146 609 3,271 644 3,295 648 3,317 652 Oregon ...................... 2,092 534 2,633 525 2,673 504 2,842 521 3,143 585 3,196 592 3,243 598 Pennsylvania ............. 11,801 2,925 11,864 2,376 11,771 2,079 11,882 1,996 12,046 2,109 12,040 2,118 12,020 2,126 Rhode Island ............. 950 225 947 186 969 163 1,003 159 990 170 988 171 987 171 South Carolina .......... 2,591 720 3,122 703 3,303 663 3,487 663 3,683 681 3,717 693 3,760 702 South Dakota ............ 666 187 691 147 698 139 696 144 735 153 738 150 738 148 Tennessee ................ 3,926 1,002 4,591 972 4,715 903 4,877 882 5,235 942 5,307 953 5,368 963 Texas ........................ 11,199 3,002 14,229 3,137 16,273 3,318 16,987 3,437 18,738 3,782 19,091 3,879 19,439 3,969 Utah .......................... 1,059 312 1,461 350 1,643 418 1,723 457 1,974 489 2,018 491 2,059 492 Vermont .................... 445 118 511 109 530 100 563 102 583 110 586 110 589 111 Virginia ...................... 4,651 1,197 5,347 1,114 5,715 1,039 6,187 1,060 6,601 1,154 6,666 1,173 6,734 1,192 Washington ............... 3,413 881 4,132 826 4,400 816 4,867 893 5,436 1,027 5,520 1,047 5,610 1,068 West Virginia ............. 1,744 442 1,950 414 1,907 383 1,793 337 1,822 318 1,820 314 1,816 308 Wisconsin .................. 4,418 1,203 4,706 1,011 4,748 908 4,892 927 5,113 1,000 5,146 1,005 5,170 1,011 Wyoming ................... 332 92 470 101 500 108 454 101 479 103 480 102 480 101 1 Includes Armed Forces residing in each state. 2 As of April 1. 3 Estimates as of July 1.

NOTE.   Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P 25, No. 1095 at the national level, CPH L 74 ( 1990 data); and forthcoming state level P 25 Reports. ( This table was prepared October 1998.) 25 ALL LEVELS: FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS Table 18.   Families, by family status and presence of own children under 18: 1970 to 1996 Family status 1970 1980 1985 1988 1989 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Change, 1970 to 1980 Change, 1980 to 1996 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 In thousands Percent change All families ............................. 51,456 59,550 62,706 65,133 65,837 66,090 67,173 68,144 68,490 69,305 69,594 15.7 16.9 Married couple family ...................... 44,728 49,112 50,350 51,809 52,100 52,317 52,457 53,171 53,171 53,858 53,567 9.8 9.1 No own children under 18 .......... 19,196 24,151 26,140 27,209 27,365 27,780 28,037 28,464 28,113 28,617 28,647 25.8 18.6 With own children under 18 ....... 25,532 24,961 24,210 24,600 24,735 24,537 24,420 24,707 25,058 25,241 24,920   2.2   0.2 One own child under 18 ......... 8,163 9,671 9,640 9,904 9,829 9,583 9,520 9,466 9,452 9,564 9,352 18.5   3.3 Two own children under 18 .... 8,045 9,488 9,456 9,576 9,870 9,784 9,728 10,007 10,188 10,358 10,278 17.9 8.3 Three or more own children under 18 .............................. 9,325 5,802 5,115 5,120 5,035 5,170 5,173 5,234 5,418 5,319 5,350   37.8   7.8 Other family, male householder, no spouse present .................. 1,228 1,733 2,228 2,715 2,847 2,884 3,025 3,026 2,913 3,226 3,513 41.1 102.7 No own children under 18 .......... 887 1,117 1,331 1,669 1,779 1,731 1,742 1,702 1,599 1,786 1,885 25.9 68.8 With own children under 18 ....... 341 616 896 1,047 1,068 1,153 1,283 1,324 1,314 1,440 1,628 80.6 164.3 One own child under 18 ............. 179 374 584 657 619 723 768 799 805 891 1,005 108.9 168.7 Two own children under 18 ........ 87 165 213 296 326 307 391 397 368 405 471 89.7 185.5 Three or more own children under 18 .................................. 75 77 100 94 121 123 123 128 141 144 152 2.7 97.4 Other family, female householder, no spouse present .................. 5,500 8,705 10,129 10,608 10,890 10,890 11,692 11,947 12,406 12,220 12,514 58.3 43.8 No own children under 18 .......... 2,642 3,261 4,123 4,335 4,371 4,290 4,648 4,721 4,759 4,606 4,859 23.4 49.0 With own children under 18 ....... 2,858 5,445 6,006 6,273 6,519 6,599 7,043 7,226 7,647 7,615 7,656 90.5 40.6 One own child under 18 ............. 1,008 2,398 2,885 3,017 3,164 3,225 3,327 3,425 3,566 3,633 3,683 137.9 53.6 Two own children under 18 ........ 810 1,817 1,977 2,039 2,095 2,173 2,244 2,400 2,531 2,450 2,457 124.3 35.2 Three or more own children under 18 .................................. 1,040 1,230 1,144 1,217 1,260 1,202 1,472 1,400 1,550 1,531 1,514 18.3 23.1 Percent of all families Change in percentage points All families ............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0     Married couple family ...................... 86.9 82.5 80.3 79.5 79.1 79.2 78.1 78.0 77.6 77.7 77.0   4.5   5.5 No own children under 18 .......... 37.3 40.6 41.7 41.8 41.6 42.0 41.7 41.8 41.0 41.3 41.2 3.3 0.6 With own children under 18 ....... 49.6 41.9 38.6 37.8 37.6 37.1 36.4 36.3 36.6 36.4 35.8   7.7   6.1 One own child under 18 ......... 15.9 16.2 15.4 15.2 14.9 14.5 14.2 13.9 13.8 13.8 13.4 0.4   2.8 Two own children under 18 .... 15.6 15.9 15.1 14.7 15.0 14.8 14.5 14.7 14.9 14.9 14.8 0.3   1.2 Three or more own children under 18 .............................. 18.1 9.7 8.2 7.9 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.7 7.7   8.4   2.1 Other family, male householder, no spouse present .................. 2.4 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.7 5.0 0.5 2.1 No own children under 18 .......... 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 0.2 0.8 With own children under 18 ....... 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.3 0.4 1.3 One own child under 18 ............. 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.8 Two own children under 18 ........ 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.4 Three or more own children under 18 .................................. 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ( 1) 0.1 Other family, female householder, no spouse present .................. 10.7 14.6 16.2 16.3 16.5 16.5 17.4 17.5 18.1 17.6 18.0 3.9 3.4 No own children under 18 .......... 5.1 5.5 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.6 7.0 0.3 1.5 With own children under 18 ....... 5.6 9.1 9.6 9.6 9.9 10.0 10.5 10.6 11.2 11.0 11.0 3.6 1.9 One own child under 18 ............. 2.0 4.0 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 2.1 1.3 Two own children under 18 ........ 1.6 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 1.5 0.5 Three or more own children under 18 .................................. 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 ( 1) 0.1 1 Less than .05 percent.   Data not applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P 20 495, Household and Family Characteristics, various years; and unpublished data. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 26 ALL LEVELS: FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS Table 19.   Characteristics of families with own children under 18, by family status and race/ ethnicity: 1 1996 [ Numbers in thousands]

Family characteristics All races White 2 Black 2 Hispanic origin 3 Total Marriedcouple families Other families Total Marriedcouple families Other families Total Marriedcouple families Other families Total Marriedcouple families Other families Male householder

no spouse present Female householder

no spouse present Male householder

no spouse present Female householder

no spouse present Male householder

no spouse present Female householder

no spouse present Male householder

no spouse present Female householder

no spouse present 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total families ................... 69,594 53,567 3,513 12,514 58,869 47,873 2,712 8,284 8,055 3,713 573 3,769 6,287 4,247 436 1,604 Total families with own children under 18 .......... 34,203 24,920 1,628 7,656 28,086 21,835 1,276 4,975 4,583 1,901 278 2,404 4,048 2,731 179 1,138 Percent of all families ................ 49.1 46.5 46.3 61.2 47.7 45.6 47.1 60.1 56.9 51.2 48.5 63.8 64.4 64.3 41.1 70.9 Percent distribution .................... 100.0 72.9 4.8 22.4 100.0 77.7 4.5 17.7 100.0 41.5 6.1 52.5 100.0 67.5 4.4 28.1 Families with   1 child under 18 .................... 14,041 9,352 1,005 3,683 11,455 8,132 786 2,537 1,958 778 173 1,007 1,450 896 93 462 2 children under 18 ............... 13,206 10,278 471 2,457 11,110 9,080 381 1,649 1,485 692 63 731 1,437 998 50 389 3 children under 18 ............... 4,913 3,804 109 1,000 4,006 3,348 81 577 729 309 26 394 742 533 27 183 4 children under 18 ............... 1,440 1,060 30 350 1,088 929 19 140 281 79 10 192 286 223 6 57 5 children under 18 ............... 416 298 6 112 296 236 4 56 88 38 3 47 95 54 3 38 6 or more under 18 ............... 188 128 7 52 131 111 5 16 42 7 2 33 37 27   10 Total own children under 18 ...... 63,783 47,467 2,425 13,890 51,694 41,349 1,852 8,493 9,027 3,721 461 4,845 8,904 6,169 335 2,400 Average number of children per family with children ......... 1.86 1.90 1.49 1.81 1.84 1.89 1.45 1.71 1.97 1.96 1.66 2.02 2.20 2.26 1.87 2.11 Total families with own children under 6 ............ 15,450 11,782 624 3,043 12,656 10,341 474 1,841 2,084 876 113 1,095 2,138 1,525 101 512 Percent of all families ................ 22.2 22.0 17.8 24.3 21.5 21.6 17.5 22.2 25.9 23.6 19.7 29.1 34.0 35.9 2.4 31.9 Percent distribution .................... 100.0 76.3 4.0 19.7 100.0 81.7 3.7 14.5 100.0 42.0 5.4 52.5 100.0 71.3 4.7 23.9 Families with   1 child under 6 ...................... 10,672 8,024 492 2,157 8,769 7,021 388 1,360 1,423 614 76 732 1,352 966 79 307 2 children under 6 ................. 4,081 3,287 107 687 3,387 2,899 72 416 501 236 26 240 654 475 14 164 3 children under 6 ................. 626 430 26 170 457 389 14 54 135 20 11 104 120 81 7 32 4 or more under 6 ................. 71 41   29 43 32   11 24 6   18 12 3   9 Total own children under 6 ........ 21,299 16,239 791 4,269 17,236 14,198 569 2,469 2,991 1,199 170 1,623 3,408 2,399 144 866 Average number of children per family with children ......... 1.38 1.38 1.27 1.40 1.36 1.37 1.20 1.34 1.44 1.37 1.51 1.48 1.59 1.57 1.42 1.69 Total families with own children under 3 ............ 8,818 6,930 396 1,493 7,256 6,074 306 875 1,149 519 68 562 1,307 926 74 308 Percent of all families ................ 12.7 12.9 11.3 11.9 12.3 12.7 11.3 10.6 14.3 14.0 11.9 14.9 20.8 21.8 17.0 19.2 Percent distribution .................... 100.0 78.6 4.5 16.9 100.0 83.7 4.2 12.1 100.0 45.2 5.9 48.9 100.0 70.8 5.7 23.6 Families with   1 child under 3 ...................... 7,874 6,228 353 1,293 6,498 5,451 275 772 1,025 482 58 485 1,130 816 65 249 2 or more under 3 ................. 944 702 43 199 758 623 31 103 124 37 11 77 177 110 8 59 Total own children under 3 ........ 10,191 7,918 451 1,822 8,289 6,907 337 1,046 1,382 597 89 696 1,699 1,184 94 421 Average number of children per family with children ......... 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.22 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.20 1.20 1.15 ( 4) 1.24 1.30 1.28 ( 4) 1.37 1 Race of family is defined as race of head of household.

2 Includes persons of Hispanic origin.

3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

4 Averages and percents are shown only when the base is 75,000 or greater.

  Less than 500. NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P20 495,

Household and Family Characteristics: March 1996. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 27 ALL LEVELS: FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS Table 20.   Household income and poverty rates, by state: 1990, 1995, and 1996 State Median household income 1 Percent of persons below the poverty level Poverty status of related children 5 to 17 year olds, 1996 1990 2 1995 1996 1990 2 1996 Number in poverty Percent in poverty Total Under 5 years 5 years 6 to 11 years 12 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Total Standard error Number ( in thousands Standard error Percent Standard error 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 United States ...................... $ 37,888 $ 35,082 $ 35,492 13.1 20.1 19.7 18.3 16.3 11.0 10.4 16.5 13.7 0.39 9,590 259 18.9 0.49 Alabama .................................. 29,554 26,758 30,302 18.3 26.1 25.8 24.3 22.3 14.6 19.2 31.1 14.0 1.72 170 37 20.7 4.03 Alaska ...................................... 49,725 49,370 52,779 9.0 13.6 10.6 10.9 9.8 7.9 6.4 10.6 8.2 1.33 17 5 9.8 2.48 Arizona .................................... 36,978 31,774 31,637 15.7 24.9 24.2 21.8 19.1 14.0 9.3 13.2 20.5 1.85 292 47 29.6 4.05 Arkansas ................................. 28,832 26,576 27,123 19.1 28.5 26.6 25.2 22.7 15.3 18.0 29.9 17.2 1.83 105 22 19.5 3.71 California ................................. 42,123 38,102 38,812 12.5 19.0 19.3 18.3 17.1 10.9 6.5 9.5 16.9 0.76 1,474 122 23.5 1.72 Colorado .................................. 38,887 41,908 40,950 11.7 17.9 16.5 15.3 12.5 10.3 8.5 15.1 10.6 1.54 88 26 11.2 3.08 Connecticut ............................. 49,183 41,431 42,119 6.8 11.7 11.9 11.2 8.9 5.3 5.6 9.7 11.7 1.79 159 36 23.5 4.60 Delaware ................................. 38,977 35,959 39,309 8.7 13.3 12.7 11.8 10.8 7.2 8.2 13.5 8.6 1.56 17 5 12.4 3.72 District of Columbia ................. 34,660 31,656 31,966 16.9 27.0 25.5 25.0 24.4 14.3 15.5 19.7 24.1 2.38 31 6 38.1 6.06 Florida ..................................... 33,765 30,623 30,641 12.7 20.3 20.1 18.8 16.8 11.0 9.0 13.5 14.2 0.92 458 59 19.8 2.31 Georgia .................................... 34,874 35,106 32,496 14.7 22.1 21.3 20.1 18.1 11.4 16.5 26.7 14.8 1.58 278 56 19.6 3.53 Hawaii ...................................... 49,248 44,116 41,772 8.3 12.6 12.6 11.2 10.8 6.9 6.7 10.4 12.1 1.82 32 10 15.7 4.24 Idaho ....................................... 32,019 33,641 34,709 13.3 19.6 18.9 15.9 13.3 12.0 8.7 15.6 11.9 1.57 40 9 16.3 3.48 Illinois ...................................... 41,176 39,195 39,554 11.9 18.9 18.7 17.0 15.0 10.0 8.9 13.4 12.1 0.97 388 56 16.5 2.16 Indiana ..................................... 34,073 34,371 39,554 10.7 16.8 15.8 14.1 11.8 9.1 8.7 14.0 7.5 1.33 79 29 7.9 2.83 Iowa ......................................... 34,528 36,568 33,209 11.5 17.5 15.4 14.1 11.7 10.3 8.1 15.3 9.6 1.49 71 20 11.8 3.15 Kansas .................................... 37,855 31,237 32,585 11.5 16.8 16.5 14.1 11.6 10.1 8.5 16.8 11.2 1.61 56 17 10.7 3.09 Kentucky .................................. 31,355 30,690 32,413 19.0 27.9 26.5 24.6 22.4 16.2 17.5 25.3 17.0 1.86 203 39 27.0 4.39 Louisiana ................................. 28,350 28,774 30,262 23.6 33.4 33.0 31.1 29.7 19.6 20.5 30.1 20.5 1.94 235 42 27.7 4.23 Maine ....................................... 34,751 34,858 34,696 10.8 15.7 15.9 14.0 11.5 8.9 11.0 18.3 11.2 1.78 26 9 14.0 4.36 Maryland .................................. 49,167 42,253 43,993 8.3 11.9 11.9 11.5 10.2 6.8 8.8 13.6 10.3 1.61 137 39 14.9 3.91 Massachusetts ........................ 45,864 39,713 39,494 8.9 14.5 14.8 13.8 11.0 7.3 7.3 12.6 10.1 1.12 144 31 13.1 2.58 Michigan .................................. 37,880 37,502 39,225 13.1 22.1 20.4 18.1 15.7 11.2 8.7 14.3 11.2 1.00 286 46 15.7 2.32 Minnesota ................................ 39,813 39,053 40,991 10.2 14.8 14.6 12.5 10.6 8.8 8.4 17.2 9.8 1.47 130 34 13.0 3.16 Mississippi ............................... 25,532 27,322 26,677 25.2 35.8 35.1 33.5 31.9 20.0 24.0 37.1 20.6 1.97 163 29 26.0 3.97 Missouri ................................... 34,584 35,853 34,265 13.3 20.4 19.2 17.8 15.1 11.1 11.3 19.7 9.5 1.52 120 36 11.4 3.24 Montana .................................. 29,577 28,577 28,684 16.1 24.3 23.0 20.3 17.1 14.7 9.9 16.6 17.0 1.80 46 9 24.9 4.01 Nebraska ................................. 34,774 33,901 34,014 11.1 17.3 15.4 13.4 10.8 9.7 8.6 16.8 10.2 1.55 41 12 12.0 3.21 Nevada .................................... 40,519 37,149 38,540 10.2 15.1 14.4 12.6 11.9 9.1 8.4 12.3 8.1 1.45 24 9 8.3 3.06 New Hampshire ....................... 51,631 40,328 39,407 6.4 8.5 8.7 7.3 6.2 5.4 7.7 13.9 6.4 1.44 13 6 6.8 3.14 New Jersey ............................. 49,011 45,221 47,468 7.6 11.7 12.6 11.7 10.4 6.0 6.8 11.3 9.2 0.95 181 34 13.9 2.45 New Mexico ............................. 31,682 26,758 25,086 20.6 30.3 30.6 27.6 25.2 17.8 13.7 21.2 25.5 2.07 136 21 32.2 4.07 New York ................................. 39,973 34,003 35,410 13.0 20.6 21.2 19.6 17.0 11.0 10.0 14.7 16.7 0.84 868 78 25.0 1.96 North Carolina ......................... 33,315 32,923 35,601 13.0 19.2 18.5 17.2 15.3 10.1 15.7 25.9 12.2 1.20 222 41 17.5 2.93 North Dakota ........................... 31,967 29,948 31,470 14.4 19.6 18.4 17.2 14.7 13.0 10.8 19.5 11.0 1.61 13 4 10.2 3.07 Ohio ......................................... 37,976 35,973 34,070 12.5 21.1 19.9 17.8 14.6 10.7 8.7 13.8 12.7 1.02 367 55 16.7 2.28 Oklahoma ................................ 30,854 27,088 27,437 16.7 25.3 23.4 21.7 18.5 14.2 13.5 24.1 16.6 1.77 173 32 24.2 3.86 Oregon .................................... 37,050 37,448 35,492 12.4 19.7 16.1 14.8 13.3 11.5 8.1 13.1 11.8 1.70 112 28 18.4 4.12 Pennsylvania ........................... 36,701 35,543 34,899 11.1 17.5 17.0 15.7 13.8 9.5 8.7 13.5 11.6 0.93 349 52 15.8 2.15 Rhode Island ........................... 40,450 36,403 36,986 9.6 16.3 16.1 13.8 11.0 7.6 8.9 15.6 11.0 1.80 18 6 12.4 4.30 South Carolina ........................ 36,359 29,929 34,665 15.4 22.8 21.8 21.2 19.1 12.0 17.3 26.5 13.0 1.79 154 35 21.1 4.28 South Dakota .......................... 31,090 30,451 29,526 15.9 23.6 22.2 20.2 17.3 13.6 11.1 21.3 11.8 1.62 16 5 11.6 3.17 Tennessee ............................... 28,586 29,872 30,790 15.7 23.9 22.5 20.8 18.5 12.5 17.2 26.7 15.9 1.83 231 50 20.6 3.96 Texas ....................................... 35,718 32,985 33,072 18.1 25.6 25.5 24.2 23.0 15.2 14.9 23.8 16.6 0.95 858 91 22.5 2.10 Utah ......................................... 38,139 37,557 37,038 11.4 15.8 14.4 12.0 10.0 11.0 6.4 12.5 7.7 1.26 39 12 8.6 2.45 Vermont ................................... 39,349 34,823 32,358 9.9 13.5 13.7 12.5 9.8 8.5 9.7 16.3 12.6 1.87 19 5 16.3 4.15 Virginia .................................... 44,379 37,292 39,211 10.2 14.5 14.5 13.5 11.9 8.4 11.6 18.5 12.3 1.60 183 47 17.9 4.12 Washington ............................. 40,632 36,618 36,676 10.9 17.0 16.4 14.3 12.2 9.8 7.0 12.4 11.9 1.68 158 43 15.5 3.88 West Virginia ........................... 28,010 25,615 25,247 19.7 31.7 30.3 25.9 22.4 17.7 14.1 20.8 18.5 1.87 56 13 22.4 4.67 Wisconsin ................................ 38,859 42,164 40,001 10.7 17.7 16.4 15.0 11.9 9.2 6.6 12.6 8.8 1.41 105 32 10.4 3.01 Wyoming ................................. 37,276 32,460 30,953 11.9 18.3 16.2 14.1 11.2 10.8 8.4 14.3 11.9 1.64 9 3 9.2 2.84 1 In 1996 dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers. 2 Based on 1989 incomes collected in the 1990 Census. Data may differ from figures derived from the Current Population Survey.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Decennial Census, Minority Economic Profiles, unpublished data; and Current Population Reports, Series P 60, `` Poverty in the United States,'' `` Money Income of Households, Families, and Persons in the United States,'' and `` Income, Poverty, and Valuation of Noncash Benefits,'' various years, and `` Money Income in the U. S.: 1996,'' P60   193. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 28 ALL LEVELS: FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS Table 21.   Poverty status of persons, families, and children under 18, by race/ ethnicity: 1959 to 1996 Year and race/ ethnicity Number below the poverty level, in thousands Percent below the poverty level All persons In all families In families with female householder, no husband present All persons In all families In families with female householder, no husband present Total Householder Related children under 18 Total Related children under 18 Total Householder Related children under 18 Total Related children under 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 All races 1959 ........................... 39,490 34,562 8,320 17,208 7,014 4,145 22.4 ( 0.3) 20.8 18.5 26.9 ( 0.4) 49.4 72.2 1960 ........................... 39,851 34,925 8,243 17,288 7,247 4,095 22.2 ( 0.3) 20.7 18.1 26.5 ( 0.4) 48.9 68.4 1965 ........................... 33,185 28,358 6,721 14,388 7,524 4,562 17.3 ( 0.2) 15.8 13.9 20.7 ( 0.4) 46.0 64.2 1970 ........................... 25,420 20,330 5,260 10,235 7,503 4,689 12.6 ( 0.2) 10.9 10.1 14.9 ( 0.3) 38.1 53.0 1975 ........................... 25,877 20,789 5,450 10,882 8,846 5,597 12.3 ( 0.2) 10.9 9.7 16.8 ( 0.4) 37.5 52.7 1980 ........................... 29,272 22,601 6,217 11,114 10,120 5,866 13.0 ( 0.2) 11.5 10.3 17.9 ( 0.4) 36.7 50.8 1981 ........................... 31,822 24,850 6,851 12,068 11,051 6,305 14.0 ( 0.2) 12.5 11.2 19.5 ( 0.4) 38.7 52.3 1982 ........................... 34,398 27,349 7,512 13,139 11,701 6,696 15.0 ( 0.2) 13.6 12.2 21.3 ( 0.4) 40.6 56.0 1983 ........................... 35,303 27,933 7,647 13,427 12,072 6,747 15.2 ( 0.2) 13.9 12.3 21.8 ( 0.4) 40.2 55.4 1984 ........................... 33,700 26,458 7,277 12,929 11,831 6,772 14.4 ( 0.2) 13.1 11.6 21.0 ( 0.4) 38.4 54.0 1985 ........................... 33,064 25,729 7,223 12,483 11,600 6,716 14.0 ( 0.2) 12.6 11.4 20.1 ( 0.4) 37.6 53.6 1986 ........................... 32,370 24,754 7,023 12,257 11,944 6,943 13.6 ( 0.2) 12.0 10.9 19.8 ( 0.4) 38.3 54.4 1987 ........................... 32,221 24,725 7,005 12,275 12,148 7,074 13.4 ( 0.2) 12.0 10.7 19.7 ( 0.4) 38.1 54.7 1988 ........................... 31,745 24,048 6,876 11,935 11,972 6,742 13.0 ( 0.2) 11.6 10.4 19.0 ( 0.4) 37.2 50.6 1989 ........................... 31,528 24,066 6,784 12,001 11,668 6,808 12.8 ( 0.2) 11.5 10.3 19.0 ( 0.4) 35.9 51.1 1990 ........................... 33,585 25,232 7,098 12,715 12,578 7,363 13.5 ( 0.2) 12.0 10.7 19.9 ( 0.4) 37.2 53.4 1991 ........................... 35,708 27,143 7,712 13,658 13,824 8,065 14.2 ( 0.2) 12.8 11.5 21.1 ( 0.4) 39.7 55.5 1992 ........................... 36,880 27,947 7,960 13,876 13,716 8,032 14.8 ( 0.2) 13.3 11.7 21.1 ( 0.4) 39.0 54.3 1993 ........................... 39,265 29,927 8,393 14,961 14,636 8,503 15.1 ( 0.2) 13.6 12.3 22.0 ( 0.4) 38.7 53.7 1994 ........................... 38,059 28,985 8,053 14,610 14,380 8,427 14.5 ( 0.2) 13.1 11.6 21.2 ( 0.4) 38.6 52.9 1995 ........................... 36,425 27,501 7,532 13,999 14,205 8,364 13.8 ( 0.2) 12.3 10.8 20.2 ( 0.4) 36.5 50.3 1996 ........................... 36,529 27,376 7,708 13,764 13,796 7,990 13.7 ( 0.2) 12.2 11.0 19.8 ( 0.4) 35.8 49.3 White 1 1960 ........................... 28,309 24,262 6,115 11,229 4,296 2,357 17.8 ( 0.3) 16.2 14.9 20.0 ( 0.4) 39.0 59.9 1965 ........................... 22,496 18,508 4,824 8,595 4,092 2,321 13.3 ( 0.2) 11.7 11.1 14.4 ( 0.4) 35.4 52.9 1970 ........................... 17,484 13,323 3,708 6,138 3,761 2,247 9.9 ( 0.2) 8.1 8.0 10.5 ( 0.3) 28.4 43.1 1975 ........................... 17,770 13,799 3,838 6,748 4,577 2,813 9.7 ( 0.2) 8.3 7.7 12.5 ( 0.3) 29.4 44.2 1980 ........................... 19,699 14,587 4,195 6,817 4,940 2,813 10.2 ( 0.2) 8.6 8.0 13.4 ( 0.4) 28.0 41.6 1985 ........................... 22,860 17,125 4,983 7,838 5,990 3,372 11.4 ( 0.2) 9.9 9.1 15.6 ( 0.4) 29.8 45.2 1990 ........................... 22,326 15,916 4,622 7,696 6,210 3,597 10.7 ( 0.2) 9.0 8.1 15.1 ( 0.4) 29.8 45.9 1991 ........................... 23,747 17,268 5,022 8,316 6,806 3,941 11.3 ( 0.2) 9.7 8.8 16.1 ( 0.4) 31.5 47.1 1992 ........................... 25,259 18,294 5,160 8,333 6,907 3,783 11.9 ( 0.2) 10.1 8.9 16.0 ( 0.4) 30.8 45.3 1993 ........................... 26,226 18,968 5,452 9,123 7,199 4,102 12.2 ( 0.2) 10.5 9.4 17.0 ( 0.4) 31.0 45.6 1994 ........................... 25,379 18,474 5,312 8,826 7,228 4,099 11.7 ( 0.2) 10.1 9.1 16.3 ( 0.4) 31.8 45.7 1995 ........................... 24,423 17,593 4,994 8,474 7,047 4,051 11.2 ( 0.2) 9.6 8.5 15.5 ( 0.4) 29.7 42.5 1996 ........................... 24,650 17,621 5,059 8,488 7,073 4,029 11.2 ( 0.2) 9.6 8.6 15.5 ( 0.4) 29.8 43.1 Black 1 1959 ........................... 9,927 9,112 1,860 5,022 2,416 1,475 55.1 ( 1.0) 54.9 48.1 65.5 ( 1.3) 70.6 81.6 1966 ........................... 8,867 8,090 1,620 4,774 3,160 2,107 41.8 ( 0.9) 40.9 35.5 50.6 ( 1.3) 65.3 76.6 1970 ........................... 7,548 6,683 1,481 3,922 3,656 2,383 33.5 ( 0.9) 32.2 29.5 41.5 ( 1.2) 58.7 67.7 1975 ........................... 7,545 6,533 1,513 3,884 4,168 2,724 31.3 ( 0.8) 30.1 27.1 41.4 ( 1.2) 54.3 66.0 1980 ........................... 8,579 7,190 1,826 3,906 4,984 2,944 32.5 ( 0.8) 31.1 28.9 42.1 ( 1.3) 53.4 64.8 1985 ........................... 8,926 7,504 1,983 4,057 5,342 3,181 31.3 ( 0.8) 30.5 28.7 43.1 ( 1.3) 53.2 66.9 1990 ........................... 9,837 8,160 2,193 4,412 6,005 3,543 31.9 ( 0.8) 31.0 29.3 44.2 ( 1.3) 50.6 64.7 1991 ........................... 10,242 8,504 2,343 4,637 6,557 3,853 32.7 ( 0.8) 32.0 30.4 45.6 ( 1.3) 54.8 68.2 1992 ........................... 10,827 9,134 2,435 4,850 6,799 3,967 33.4 ( 0.8) 32.9 30.9 46.3 ( 1.3) 54.0 67.1 1993 ........................... 10,877 9,242 2,499 5,030 6,955 4,104 33.1 ( 0.8) 32.9 31.3 45.9 ( 1.3) 53.0 65.9 1994 ........................... 10,196 8,447 2,212 4,787 6,489 3,935 30.6 ( 0.8) 29.6 27.3 43.3 ( 1.3) 50.2 63.2 1995 ........................... 9,872 8,189 2,127 4,644 6,553 3,954 29.3 ( 0.8) 28.5 26.4 41.5 ( 1.3) 48.2 61.6 1996 ........................... 9,694 7,993 2,206 4,411 6,123 3,619 28.4 ( 0.8) 27.6 26.1 39.5 ( 1.3) 46.4 58.2 Hispanic origin 2 1975 ........................... 2,991 2,755 627 1,619 1,053 694 26.9 ( 1.4) 26.3 25.1 33.1 ( 1.7) 57.2 68.4 1980 ........................... 3,491 3,143 751 1,718 1,319 809 25.7 ( 1.3) 25.1 23.2 33.0 ( 1.6) 54.5 65.0 1985 ........................... 5,236 4,605 1,074 2,512 1,983 1,247 29.0 ( 1.0) 28.3 25.5 39.6 ( 1.6) 55.7 72.4 1990 ........................... 6,006 5,091 1,244 2,750 2,115 1,314 28.1 ( 1.0) 26.9 25.0 37.7 ( 1.5) 53.0 68.4 1991 ........................... 6,339 5,541 1,372 2,977 2,282 1,398 28.7 ( 0.9) 28.2 26.5 39.8 ( 1.5) 52.7 68.6 1992 ........................... 7,592 6,455 1,395 2,946 2,474 1,289 29.6 ( 0.9) 28.4 26.2 38.8 ( 1.5) 51.5 65.7 1993 ........................... 8,126 6,876 1,625 3,666 2,837 1,673 30.6 ( 0.9) 29.3 27.3 39.9 ( 1.4) 53.2 66.1 1994 ........................... 8,416 7,357 1,724 3,956 2,920 1,804 30.7 ( 0.9) 30.2 27.8 41.1 ( 1.4) 54.8 68.3 1995 ........................... 8,574 7,341 1,695 3,938 3,053 1,872 30.3 ( 0.9) 29.2 27.0 39.3 ( 1.4) 52.8 65.7 1996 ........................... 8,697 7,515 1,748 4,090 3,020 1,779 29.4 ( 0.9) 28.5 26.4 39.9 ( 1.4) 53.5 67.4 Asian and Pacific Islander 2 1990 ........................... 858 712   356 132   12.2 ( 1.2) 11.3   17.0 ( 2.2) 20.7   1991 ........................... 996 773   348 177   13.8 ( 1.3) 12.1   17.1 ( 2.3) 24.6   1992 ........................... 985 787   352 183   12.7 ( 1.2) 11.4   16.0 ( 2.1) 25.0   1993 ........................... 1,134 898   358 126   15.3 ( 1.3) 13.6   17.6 ( 2.3) 17.4   1994 ........................... 974 776   308 137   14.6 ( 1.3) 13.1   17.9 ( 2.5) 23.6   1995 ........................... 1,411 1,112   532 266   14.6 ( 1.2) 13.0   18.6 ( 2.1) 28.9   1996 ........................... 1,454 1,172   553 300   14.5 ( 1.1) 13.2   19.1 ( 2.1) 29.5   1 Includes persons of Hispanic origin.

2 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P 60   198, `` Poverty in the United States'' and `` Income, Poverty, and Valuation of Noncash Benefits,'' various years. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 29 ALL LEVELS: OPINIONS ON EDUCATION Table 22.   Average grade that the public would give the schools in their community and in the nation at large: 1974 to 1998 Year All adults No children in school Public school parents Private school parents Nation Local community Local neighborhood Nation Local community Local neighborhood Nation Local community Local neighborhood Nation Local community Local neighborhood 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1974 ...............................................   2.63     2.57     2.80     2.15   1975 ...............................................   2.38     2.31     2.49     1.81   1976 ...............................................   2.38     2.34     2.48     2.22   1977 ...............................................   2.33     2.25     2.59     2.05   1978 ...............................................   2.21     2.11     2.47     1.69   1979 ...............................................   2.21     2.15     2.38     1.88   1980 ...............................................   2.26                     1981 ............................................... 1.94 2.20     2.12     2.36     1.88   1982 ............................................... 2.01 2.24   2.04 2.18   2.01 2.35   2.02 2.20   1983 ............................................... 1.91 2.12   1.92 2.10   1.92 2.31   1.82 1.89   1984 ............................................... 2.09 2.36   2.11 2.30   2.11 2.49   2.04 2.17   1985 ............................................... 2.14 2.39   2.16 2.36   2.20 2.44   1.93 2.00   1986 ............................................... 2.13 2.36     2.29     2.55     2.14   1987 ............................................... 2.18 2.44   2.20 2.38   2.22 2.61   2.03 2.01   1988 ............................................... 2.08 2.35   2.02 2.32   2.13 2.48   2.00 2.13   1989 ............................................... 2.01 2.35   1.99 2.27   2.06 2.56   1.93 2.12   1990 ............................................... 1.99 2.29   1.98 2.27   2.03 2.44   1.85 2.09   1991 ............................................... 2.00 2.36                     1992 ............................................... 1.93 2.30   1.92     1.94 2.73   1.85     1993 ............................................... 1.95 2.41   1.97 2.40   1.97 2.48   1.80 2.11   1994 ............................................... 1.95 2.26 2.43 1.95 2.16 2.34 1.90 2.55 2.64 1.86 1.90 2.23 1995 ............................................... 1.97 2.28 2.47 1.98 2.25 2.43 1.93 2.41 2.56 1.81 1.85 2.09 1996 ............................................... 1.93 2.30   1.91 2.22   2.00 2.56   1.80 1.86   1997 ............................................... 1.97 2.35   1.99 2.27   2.01 2.56   1.99 1.87   1998 ............................................... 1.93 2.41   1.91 2.36   1.96 2.51   1.81 2.20     Data not available.

NOTE.   Average based on a scale where A= 4, B= 3, C= 2, D= 1, and F= 0. SOURCE: `` The Annual Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools,'' Phi Delta Kappan, various years. ( This table was prepared September 1998.)

Table 23.   Items most frequently cited by the general public as a major problem facing the local public schools: 1970 to 1998 Problems Percent 1970 1975 1980 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Lack of discipline ................. 18 23 26 27 25 24 22 19 19 19 20 17 15 18 15 15 15 14 Lack of financial support ...... 17 14 10 14 9 11 14 12 13 13 18 22 21 13 11 13 15 12 Fighting/ violence/ gangs .......                       9 13 18 9 14 12 15 Use of drugs ........................ 11 9 14 18 18 28 30 32 34 38 22 22 16 11 7 16 14 10 Standards/ quality of education .........................                           8 4   8 6 Large schools/ overcrowding ...................   10 7 4 5 5 8 6 8 7 9 9 8 7 3 8 8 8 Lack of respect ....................                           3 3 2     Lack of family structure/ problems of home life .....                           5 3 4     Crime/ vandalism ..................                           4 2 3     Getting good teachers ......... 12 11 6 14 10 6 9 11 7 7 11 5 5 3 2 3 3 5 Parents' lack of interest ....... 3 2 6 5 3 4 6 7 6 4 7 5 4 3 2       Poor curriculum/ standards ... 6 5 11 15 11 8 8 11 8 8 10 9 9 3 2 3     Pupils' lack of interest/ truancy ............................   3 5 4 5 3 6 5 3 6 5 3 4 3 2 5 6 5 Integration/ segregation/ racial discrimination ........ 17 15 10 6 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 2 2     Management of funds/ programs .........................                           ( 1) 2       Moral standards ...................       1 2 5 7 6 3 3 3 4 3           Low teacher pay ..................       4 2 3 5 4 4 6 4 3 3           Teachers' lack of interest ....     6 5 4 4 5 3 4 4 2 2             Drinking/ alcoholism ..............     2 4 3 5 6 5 4 4 2 2             Lack of proper facilities ........ 11 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2                 1 Less than .05 percent.   Data not available. SOURCE: `` The Annual Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools,'' Phi Delta Kappan, various years. ( This table was prepared September 1998.) 30 ALL LEVELS: OPINIONS ON EDUCATION Table 24.   Public opinion of public and private school choice: 1989 to 1998 Question Percent who favor position 1989 1990 1991 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total No children in school Public school parents Nonpublic school parents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Do you favor or oppose allowing students and their parents to choose which public schools in the community the students attend regardless of where they live? .................................................................. 60 62 62 65 69             Do you favor or oppose allowing students and parents to choose a private school to attend at public expense? ..........................................     26 24 33 36 44 44       Do you think private schools that accept government tuition payments for these students should be accountable to public authorities or not? Yes, should be accountable ..................................................................       63 73     75 74 80 62 No, should not be accountable .............................................................       34 24     20 22 16 26 Don't know .............................................................................................       3 3     5 4 4 12   Data not available. SOURCE: Phi Delta Kappan, `` The Annual Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools,'' various years. ( This table was prepared September 1998.)