4md 0 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY A LOCKHEED MARTIN/

e la ORNIJT'M I 3728 087,

Measurements of Mercury Released from Amalgams and Sulfide Compounds C. H. Mat& us MANAGED ANDOPERATED BY LOCKHEED MARTINENERGY RESEARCH CORPORATION FORTHEUtWEDSTATES DEPARTMENT OFENERGY ORNL 27( 3 96) .   .     .. ... . ..

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Department of ( hnrnerce, 5265 Port Royal Rd.. Springfield, VA 22161. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. ORNIJTM 137Z8 Chemical Technology Division MEASUREMENTS OF MERCURY RELEASED FROM AMALGAMS AND SULFIDE COMPOUNDS C. H. Mattus Date Published: April 1999 Prepared for the U. S. DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT Washington, D. C. 20585 Prepared by OAKRIDGE NATIONALLABORATORY Oak Ridge, Temessee 37831 6285 managedby LOCKHEEDMARTIN ENERGYRESEARCHCORP. for the U. S. DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY under contract DE AC05 960R22464 CONTENTS LISTOFFIGURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. vii ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xi 1.

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10. BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 2 EQUIPMENTDESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3 3.1 MERCURY VAPOR ANALYZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3 3.2 COLD VAPORATOMIC ABSORPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 3.3 INDUCTIVELY COUPLEDARGONPLASMA ATOMICEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY ( ICP AES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3 MERCURYRELEASEAS AFUNC'TION OFTEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3 AMALGAM DEGIL4DATIONAS AFUNCTION OFpH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 RESULTSOFMERCURYRELEASEASAFUNCTIONOFTEMPERATURE. . . ... 7 6.1 TESTS PERFORMED AT4" C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 7 6.2 TESTS PERFORMED AT AMBIENT TEMYERATUKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.3 TESTS PERFORMED at60 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 RESULTSOFMERCURYDEGRADATIONASAFUNCTIONOFpH . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.1 CHANGES IN THEFINALpH OFTHELEACHATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.2 MERCURY LEACHING RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 .

7.3 METALLEACHING RESULTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 20 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23 8.1 AMALGAMATED MERCURY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 23 8.2 MERCURIC SULFIDE IMMOBILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 24 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 APPENDIX A: LEACHINGTEST DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A 1 APPENDIXB: LEACHING RESULTSSORTEDBY SAMPLETYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1 ... 111 .. . Z   . . , . . . .,     . .. . L ..., k. .  . . .       . .

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Vapor concentration curve of pure mercury as a function of temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Mercury concentration inheadspaceat4 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 3 Mercury concentration inheadspaceat21 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4 Mercuryconcentrationinheadspaceat60 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5 ChangeinpHforthe LANLamalgamseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 6 Change inpHfor the FERNamalgamseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 15 7 Change inpHforthe ORamalgamseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 16 8 Change inpHforthe ID amalgam series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 16 9 Normalized mercury leachability ofeach~ e ofarMlgamatpH3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 10 Normalized mercury leac~ bilityo feachtypeo farnalgamatp H5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 11 Normakedmercury leachability ofeach~ e ofamalgarnatpH7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 12 Normalized mercury leachability of each type of amalgam at pH 12.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 13 Metals present intheblank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 21 14 Metakpresent intheleachates of themercurystandard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 15 Metals present intheleachates of the FERNamalgams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 16 Metipresent titieleachates oftie L& dg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 17 Metals present intheleachates of the ORarnalgams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 22 18 Metals present intheleachates of the ID amalgam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I LIST OF TABLES Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 A. 1 A. 2 A. 3 A. 4 A. 5 A. 6 A. 7 A. 8 A. 9 A. 1O All A. 12 A. 13 A. 14 A. 15 A. 16 B. 1 B. 2 B. 3 B. 4 B. 5 B. 6 .. Page Vaporconcentrationof puremercuryoverthetemperaturerangeinvestigated . . . . . ... 5 Summary ofdataforthe samples titiedat4 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 8 Surnrnary ofdataforthe samples titiedat21 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 9 Summary ofdataforthe samples titiedat60 ° C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Mercury leachability ( micrograms per liter) measured for, different amalgams . . . . . . . 17 Normalized ( percent) mercury leachability for different amalgams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 3 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 4 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 5 Leaching resuIts ( milligrams per Ikj obtained at 2 weeks   pH 12.5 . . . . . . . . . . . A 6 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 7 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 8 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 9 Leaching results ( milligrams per Iiter) obtained at 1 month   pH 12.5 . . . . . . . . . . A 10 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 3 . . . . . . . . . . . A 11 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . A 12 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 7 . . . . . . . . . . . A 13 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 12.5 . . . . . . . . . A 14 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 3 . . . . . . . . . . . A 15 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 5 . . . . . . . . . . . A 16 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 7 . . . . . . . . . . . A 17 Leaching results ( milligrams per Iiter) obtained at 3 months   pH 12.5 . . . . . . . . . A 18 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) for the blank series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 3 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) for the mercury standard series . . . . . . . . . . . B 4 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) for the LANL series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 5 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) for the FERN series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 6 Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) for the OR series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 7 Leaching resuits ( milligrams perliter) forthe ID series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 8 vii .   . ...          . . .. .. . . . .

ADA AMLGM ASTM CAA CVAA DI DOE EPA FERN ICP AES INEEL LANL LDR MLLW MWFA NFs ORNL ppb ppm RCRA TCLP TLV UTS ACRONYMS ADA Technologies Amalgamation American Society for Testing and Materials Clean Air Act Cold vapor atomic absorption Deionized water U. S. Department of Energy U. S. EnvironmentalProtectionAgency Fernald Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Los Akunos National Laboratory Land Disposal Restrictions Mixed LQWLevel Waste Mixed Waste Focus Area Nuclear Fuel Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory Parts per billion Parts per fion Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Threshold Limiting VaIue Universal Treatment Standard ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ThisreportcoversworkperformedduringFY 1998in supportof treatmentdemonstrations conductedfor the Mercury Working Group. In order to comply witi the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as implemented by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA), the U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) must apply amalgamation, the treatment standard for radioactively contaminated mercury, before disposing of these wastes. The Mercury Working Group under the Mixed Waste Focus Area sponsored a demonstration in which two commercial vendors demonstrated their technologies for the treatment of radioactive mercury from various DOE sites. The project, described in this report, addresses the need for data on the vapor pressure and degradation occurring in amalgamated mercury mixed low level wastes generated during these demonstrations under a variety of conditions.

A set of experiments studied the release of mercury above the headspace of amalgams as a function of temperature. Three temperatures were selected: 4 ° C, ambient, and 60` C. Results showed that compounds made with sulfur do not release mercury while those amalgams made with metals release mercury at a level comparable to that of pure mercury.

Another set of experiments studied the degradation of the amalgams as a function of the pH of the leachant in which they were immersed. Four pH values were selected: ( 1) pH  3 constituted by EPA fluid # 2 from the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure ( TCLP) test, ( 2) pH  5   constituted by EPA fluid # 1 horn the TCLP test, ( 3) pH  7   using deionized water, and ( 4) pH  12.5   using a saturated solution of Ca( OH) z. The Ieachates were analyzed after 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months for mercury and trace metals.

Even though the leach test conditions selected were unlikely to reflect those of a disposal site, the goal was to submit the amalgams to extreme conditions where the mechanisms of degradation, if any, would prevail. Analytical results indicated that amalgams prepared with metals did not perform well at low ( acidic) and neutral pH, releasing mercury and metals into the Ieachate solutions. These amalgams tended to perform better in alkaline solution. Additionally, the sulfurbased amalgams appeared to fare better over the entire pH range evaluated.

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1. BACKGROUND Significant quantities of radioactive mercury waste [ mixed low level waste ( MLLW)] are currently stored at the U. S. Department of Ener=~ ( DOE) facilities. In order to meet the U. S.

Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) Land Disposal Restrictions ( LDR), the treatment standard for this type of waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ( RCRA), as set forth by the EPA ( 40 CFR 268.40), is amalgamation ( AMLGM). The EPA defines the term as " amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury contaminated with radioactive materials utilizing inorganic reagents such as copper, zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a nonliquid,

semisolid amalgam and thereby reducing potential emissions of elemental mercury vapors to the air. " The adherence to a defined technology based treatment standard qualifies tie treated waste as LDR compliant.

As stated in the EPA definition, the purpose of the treatment is to reduce the emission of elemental mercury vapor in the environment. Different metals can form an amalgam with mercury ( e. g., tin,

cadmium, zinc, and copper), while sulfur forms mercury sulfide compounds. The EPA has accepted sulfitr as a possible reagent for meeting the treatment @. dard. It has to be noted that even though sulfur fits the treatment standard for amalgamation, this material does not amalgamate mercury; it forms low volubility mercury compounds. An amalgam is an alloy containing mercury,

and sulfur is a nonmetallic element however, after making this dktinction, the terminology of sulfkr amalgam may be used throughout the report.

Previous bench scale work performed at the Oak Ridge Y 12 Plant indicated that amalgams of mercury made with metals released almost as much mercury vapor as pure mercury itself, while amalgams made with sulfitr released only small amounts of mercury.*

TheMercuryWorkingGroupsponsoreda demonstrationin whichtwovendors   NuclearFuel Services, Inc. ( NFS), and ADA Technologies ( ADA) applied their technologies to amalgamate radioactive mercury originating from different DOE sites. NFS treated contaminated mercury from the Oak Ridge Reservation ( referred to as OR in the sample numbering) and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory ( INEEL, referred to as ID). The proprietary process of NFS relies upon the use of metals. ADA treated contaminated mercury from Los Alamos National Laboratory ( referred to as LANL in the sample numbering) and Fernald ( referred to as FERN) by appIying a proprietary process based upon the use of sulfitr. 2. INTRODUCTION One of the primary performance req~ ements specified in the Mixed Waste Focus Area ( MWFA)

Technology Development Requirements Document   Mercury Amalgamation   is related to vapor emissions: " The process must not release mercury vapors into the environment above the limits established by the applicable air permit [ in accordance with Clean Air Act ( CAA) requirements]. In addition, the process should not expose operators to mercury vapors above the established Threshold Limiting Value ( TLV) of 0.05 mg/ m3." Another part states: " The final waste form must exhibit insignificant decomposition in a temperature range of 40 ° to 140" F and in environments of all pH ranges, especially alkaline environments. The temperature range provided correlates to environments common to DOE mixed waste storage facilities. Using the TLV as a basis, the find waste form must have a vapor pressure of less than 10 6torr at 140" F. "

" Vapor pressure" is defined as the pressure at which a liquid or solid is in equilibrium with its vapor at a given temperate. The property of vapor pressure depends only upon the temperature and the composition of the material considered. For a typical liquid, a constant and reproducible vapor pressure exists, which will increase only with a temperature increase. 3 The description given by the MWFA defines the scope of the study: ( a) measuring mercury vapor pressure as a function of temperature   over the range of 4 to 60" C   and ( b) evaluating the effect of pH on the possible degradation of the amalgam and then correlating this degradation with the mercury vapor pressure in the headspace above the sample and solution.

Two experimental methods are provided by the EPA4 and the American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM) 5for measuring mercury vapor pressure: the isoteniscope procedure and the gas saturation procedure. The latter appeared to be well suited for the work described in this document. The modified test procedure used in this study was very similar to the static headspace analysis method used by Kriger and Turner. b In this technique, the mercury vapor pressure is allowed to reach equilibrium in a static headspace, and the mercury concentration ( mass/ volume) in the headspace is subsequently measured using a commercial mercury vapor analyzer. They demonstrated that a portable commercial mercury analyzer can provide fast and reliable measurement of the mercury content in a sample and performed comparative tests of their technique and approved EPA methods ( Method 245. 1). Satisfactory correlations   from 75% ( in the worst case) to 103%   were obtained.

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3. EQUIPMENT 3.1 MERCURY VAPOR ANALYZER DESIGN The instrument used for measurement of the vapor pressure of mercury was a Jerome431 goldfti mercury vapor analyzer from Arizom Instruments ( Phoenix, Arizona). This instrument has a 13 s response time, is battery operated, and can run for 6 h before being recharged. The digital display can provide results in either milligrams per cubic meter or nanograms. The range of detection is 0.000 to 0.999 mg per cubic meter of mercury. The sensitivity of the instrument is 0.003 mg/ m3, which corresponds to 0.3 ng of mercury, considering that the volume of air analyzed is 87.5 ML. This sensitivity is well below ` theTLV value of 0.05 mg/ m3. The air sampling is made with the aid of an internal pump that operates at a rate of 750 cm3/ rnin. The air flows through a guard column packed with soda lime for removing moisture and acid gases. The resulting dry vapor is deposited onto a gold film, which forms an amalgam with mercury, thus increasing the electrical resistance of the film. This specific instrument is stable and selective for mercury, and unIike other ultraviolet analyzers, is not prone to interferences such as from water vapor and hydrocarbons. When the sensor approaches its saturation limi~ the instrument provides a warning.

The regeneration of the sensor takes about 30 min.

3.2 COLD VAPOR ATOMIC ABSORPTION The instrument used for determination of mercury content in solution during the pH tests was a PS 200 automated mercury analyzer, from Lehman Labs. Its detection limit is  5 ~ g/ L. EPA protocols ( SW846) were followed during use of this instrument.

3.3 INDUCTIVELY COUPLED ARGON PLASMA  ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY ( ICP AES)

The solution in which the amalgam samples were immersed was analyzed for total metals by ICPAES The instrument used was a Thermo Jarrell Ash model 61E trace. EPA protocols ( SW846)

were followed for use of this instrument.

4. MERCURY RELEASE AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPEIUiTURE The objective of this first set of experiments was to study the effect of temperature on the mercury vapors released from the various amalgams and compounds. The Technology Development 3 . ._.

Requirements Document ( 2) indicates that the range of temperature usually found in DOE MLLW storage varies horn 4 to 60` C. Consequently, measurements were made at the following temperatures: 4" C, ambient ( 20 ° C), and 60" C.

A weighed sample of amalgam was placed in a Kapak@ pouch, which was then closed by heat sealing. The pouch was not completely filled with air to permit volume changes during the experiment. The use of the pouch facilitated sampling. The bag collapsed on itself when the air was withdrawn for analysis and was easily punctured with the needle of the syringe used for sampling. After completion of the sampling, performed in triplicate, the bag was resealed. The same protocol was followed for each temperature studied.

Preliminary tests were performed to determine the need for dilution of the headspace samples. It was found that some of the amalgams, as well as the mercury standard, saturated the sensor of the anaIyzer when an undiluted analysis was performed. Volumes of 0.1 to 3 mL of the headspace sample diluted to a total of 87.5 mL by clean room air were found to be appropriate for use in this set of experiments. Measurements were made at various time intervals to veri@ that the data obtained were representative of an equilibrium condition.

The objectives of these tests were to measure the release of elemental mercury vapor over a given set of conditions for each candidate waste form and to compare the results with pure elemental mercury vapor of untreated waste. The literature does not provide tables of vapor concentration of pure mercury as a fi. mctionof the temperature but rather expressed the vapor pressure as a function of the temperature. However, by using the ideal gas law presented in Eq. ( 1), such a table was generated, as seen in Table 1 and illustrated in Fig. 1.

where p= ( <EMAIL_ADDRESS>Th) ,

P = vapor pressure of the sample ( Pa),

w = mass of vaporized material ( g),

M= molecular weight of mercury,

R= gas constant ( 8.3 1 Pa " m2" mol l  K l),

4 ( 1) .  ..    .   . ....  .         Table 1. Vapor concentration of pure mercury over the temperature raqe investigated"

T W)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > D%]

( mg/ m')

2.42 2.67 2.94 3.20 3.53 3.86 4.25 4.65 5.11 5.57 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 P% l ( mglm')

6.10 6.63 7.27 7.91 8.66 9.41 10.28 11.15 12.17 13.18 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 U@ l ( mgl~)

14.37 15.54 16.93 18.31 19.91 21.51 23.36 25.20 27.34 29.47 T ( m 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Iml ( m. ghd)

31.93 34.38 37.22 40.04 43.30 46.53 50.26 53.96 58.22 62.46 T W)

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 R. 1 ( m, gh+)

67.32 72.15 77.68 83.18 89.48 95.74 102.89 110.00 118.10 126.14' T W3 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 47~ edition, pp. D 108.

. m 500, ml ( mghd)

135.28 144.37 154.68 164.92 176.58 188.16 201.28 214.33 229.08 243.75 T rcl 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Jculations based on standard values obtained IYomCRCHandbook oj Chemistryan E 450.  %) }

~ 400 u s 350

; 300.

f 250.

$ 200 *

  o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Temperature (" C) CJ% l ( mgiti)

260.30 276.76 295.27 313.67 334.29 354.79 377.92 400.91 426.72 452.39 Fig. 1. Vapor concentration curve of pure mercury as a function of temperature. T = temperature ( K),

v = volume analyzed ( m3).

5. AMALGAM DEGRADATION AS A FUNCTION OF pH The objective of the second set of experiments was to study the effect of pH on the release of mercury as well as on waste form degradation. Four solutions representing different pH values were selected for that test 1. a pH of  12.5 ( the pH of cementitious pore water), prepared from a saturated solution of Ca( OH) z in deionized ( DI) water;

2. a near neutral pH ( 6 to 8) made with DI wate~

3. an acidic pH ( 5) made with the recipe for fluid # 1 from the EPA TCLP test ( 5.7 mL of gIacial acetic acid plus 64.3 mL of 1N NaOH solution in 1 L of DI water); and 4. an acidic pH ( 3) made with the recipe for fluid # 2 ( 5.7 mL of glacial acetic acid in 1 L of DI water) fkom the EPA TCLP test.

The same experimental design described in S& t. 4 was also employed in these tests; however, this series was performed at ambient temperature. A lmown amount of amalgam was introduced into the pouch foIlowed by 100 mL of the chosen leachant. The bag was sealed, placed in a secondary container, and allowed to cure at room temperature. After equilibration for a selected period of time, the Ieachate was removed from the pouch using a 60 mL syringe. It was then filtered using a 0.45 pm syringe Iilter and finally preserved with 1 mL of concentrated ultrapure nitric acid. The solutions were subsequently analyzed for metals and mercury content. The samples did not undergo a digestion preparation step.

For each time interval selected ( 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months), a blank and mercury standard were prepared in triplicate for each pH value studied. The four lypes of amalgam were also prepared in triplicate for each period of time and pH value.

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6. RESULTS OF MERCURY RELEASE AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE As shown in Fig. 1 for pure mercury, the concentration of the mercury in the vapor phase is very sensitive to temperature. In these tests, the results obtained at ambient temperature were quite constant because of the small temperature fluctuation existing in the room; however, for the samples maintained in the refrigerator or in the oven, large fluctuations were observed as a result of changes in the temperature of the chamber. Oncethe doorwasopenedto permitsamplingof the first bag, the temperature changed; consequently, the data obtained no longer reflected the targeted temperature.

Some variation is reflected in the data presented in Tables 2, 3, and 4. It must be noted that the mercury used as the standard for our tests had been used for previous experiments; therefore, the data obtained might differ from the theoretical values because of the contamination present in this sample.

6.1 TESTS PERFORMED AT 4 ° C Thesesamples were placedin a refrigeratorsetfor 4 ° C. After 3 days, a first set of measurements was taken. A 3 mL syringe was used for sampling the headspace in each bag and injecting tie sample into the septum of the mercury analyzer. The tests were run in triplicate and then averaged.

Data found in the literature indicate that the mercury concentration in tie headspace should be 3.20 mg/ m3 at 4 ° C. However, because of the rise in temperature caused by opening the refrigerator door, some of the data were not collected at a temperature of 4" C. The data obtained at three different times ( after 3, 11, and 13 days) are provided in Table 2. Figure 2 illustrates the average results obtained for each series of amalgam studied as well as a blank and a mercury standard. The theoretical values for pure mercury at 4, 7, and 10 ° C are also presented in the plot. Table 2. Summary of data for the samples maintained at 4"( Y @ g] in the headspace ( mg/ m3)

Sample 3 days 11 days 13 days BLK 8 0.000+ 0.000 0.000* 0.000 0.004* 0.000 BLK 9 0.000 + 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.004 * 0.000 BLK 10 nr 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 Average 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.002 + 0.000 Hg 6 4.05 * 0.20 2.25 + 0.11 1.95 * 0.10 Hg 9 4.29 + 0.21 2.43 + 0.11 2.04 * 0.10 Hg 10 4.26 A 0.21 2.78 & 0.12 3.31 * 0.05 Average 4.17 * 0.21 2.34 + 0.12 2.00 & 0.08 FERN 2 0.000* 0.000 O. OOO * 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 FERN 4 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.005 * 0.000 FERN 9 0.000i 0.000 0.000* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 Average O. OOO* 0.000 O 000* 0.000 0.002* 0.000 LANL C 0.029+ 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 LANL D 0.000+ 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 LANL G 0.000+ 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 0.00050.000 Average 0.010+ 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 OR 3 4.72 + 0.23 4.30 * 0.21 2.15 ~ 0.11 OR 6 5.48 A 0.27 5.46 & 0.21 3.44 * 0.17 OR 10 5.30 A 0.26 5.49 & 0.27 4.35 * 0.07 Average 5.17 + 0.26 5.09 ~ 0.23 3.31 i 0.12 ID 3 4.52 A 0.23 5.49 A 0.28 3.94 * 0.07 ID 6 4.93 + 0.24 4.20 & 0.28 2.68 A 0.14 ID 8 4.29 + 0.21 3.81 & 0.21 4.02 + 0.10 Average 4.58 + 0.23 4.50 * 0.25 3.55 * 0.10 ! BLK 8, BLK 9 and BLK 10 were the sample names of the blanks used for this experiment. Similarly, Hg 6, Hg 9 and Hg, 10 were the sample names of the pure mercury used as control.

8 Table 3. Summary of data for samples maintained at 21 ° Ca mg] in the headspace ( mg/ m3)

Sample 2 days 5 days 13 days 14 days BLK 1 0.000 & 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 BLK2 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 BLK3 m 0.000 * 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 0.000 fo. ooo Average 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 & 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 Hg 1 11.29 A 0.56 9.74 * 0.49 10.41 + 0.52 9.95 * 0.50 @ 8 11.26 A 0.56 10.44 ~ 0.52 10.09 & 0.50 11.00 * 0.55 Hg 12 nr 10.62 + 0.53 11.32 ~ 0.56 11.55 A 0.58 Average 11.27 ~ 0.56 10.27 + 0.51 10.61 + 0.53 10.83 ~ 0.54 FERN 1 0.000* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 0.000* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 FERN 3 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.020 * 0.000 FERN 8 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 t 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 Average 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.007* 0.000 LANL I 0.000 * 0.000 0.000 * 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 LANL B 0.000+ 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 LANL E 0.000+ 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 Average 0.000+ 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 0.000 + 0.000 O. OOO* 0.000 OR 2 10.30 + 0.52 9.77 * 0.49 10.12 * 0.51 9.36 + 0.47 OR 7 10.06 A 0.50 10.41 + 0.52 10.65 + 0.53 10.85 A 0.54 OR 9 10.27 + 0.51 10.47 ~ 0.52 11.11 + 0.56 9.63 & 0.48 Average 10.21 * 0.51 10.22 * 0.51 10.63 AO. 53 9.95 * 0.50 ID 1 9.89 + 0.49 10.62 ~ 0.53 10.53 A 0.52 11.67 ~ 0.58 ID 5 10.21 * 0.51 10.35 + 0.52 10.33 ~ 0.52 11.75 * 0.57 rD 7 10.03 * 0.50 10.24 + 0.51 10.12 * 0.51 11.93 * 0.59 Average 10.04 * 0.50 10.40 + 0.52 10.33 ~ 0.52 11.78 & O. 59 ` IBLK1, BLK 2 and BLK3 were the sample names of the blanks used for this experiment. Similarly, Hg 1, Hg 8 and Hg 12 were the sample names of the pure mercury used as cormol.

9 .. . .

Table 4. Summary of data for the samples maintained at 60 ° ~

~ gl in the headspace ( mg/ m3)

Sample 1 day 4 days 12 days 13 days BLK 4 0.000 * 0.000 0.204 * 0.003 0 117 * 0.002 0.244 * 0.000 BLK 5 0.000 * 0.000 0.146 + 0.002 0.117 * 0.002 0.241 + 0.000 Average 0.000 * 0.000 0.175 * 0.003 0.117 * 0.002 0.243 ~ 0.000 Hg 4 183.8 A 91.9 108.9 + 27.3 113.3 ~ 28.3 232.3 ~ 58.1 Hg 5 249.4+ 124.7 83.1 + 20.8 120.3 & 30.1 120.3 + 30.1 Hg 11 306.3 + 153.1 77.0+ 19.3 97.6 ~ 24.4 151.9 A 15.2 Average 216.6 A123.2 89.7 A 22.4 110.4 + 27.6 168.2 & 34.4 FERN 5 0.000+ 0.000 0.263 AO. 004 0.000 AO. 000 0.003 + 0.000 FERN 6 O. OOO* 0.000 0.642 * 0.011 0.292 A 0.005 0.003* 0.000 FERN 7 0.000 AO. 000 0.175 * 0.003 O. OOO* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 Average 0.000 * 0.000 0.360+ 0.006 0.097 A0.002 0.002 * 0.000 LANL A O. OOO* 0.000 0 146 A 0.002 0.088+ 0.002 0.006 A0.000 LANL F 0.000 * 0.000 0.000* 0.000 0.204+ 0.003 0.004 f0.000 LANL H 0.000* 0.000 0.000+ 0.000 0.175* 0.003 0.004+ 0.000 Average O. OOO* 0.000 0.04950.001 0.156 A 0.003 0.005+ 0.000 OR 1 107.2 + 26.8 104.6 A 26.1 132.1 A33. O 167.1 + 41.8 OR 5 m 143.9 A 36.0 88.8 * 22.2 259.0 + 64.8 OR 8 133.9 + 33.5 129.5 + 32.4 140.9 + 35.2 132.1 + 33.0 Average 120.5 A30.1 126.0 A 31.5 120.6 + 30.2 186.1 A46.5 ID 2 69.1 A 17.3 90.6 & 22.6 179.8 ~ 45.0 154.0 + 15.4 ID 4 115.5 + 27.7 101.1 * 25.3 118.6 + 29.6 129.5+ 13.0 ID 9 74.4* 18.6 140.0 * 35.0 323.8 k 80.9 164.1 * 41.0 Average 86.3 & 31.2 110.5 A 27.6 207.4 A 51.8 149.2 A 23.1 % LK 4 and BLK 5 were tie samplenames of the blanks used for this experiment. Similarly, Hg 4, Hg 5 andHg 11 were the sample names of the pure mercury used as control.

10 The mercury concentrations are not completely accurate because the temperature was not constant over the series measurement. However, comparison with the values obtained for the blank and the pure mercury shows the trend developed by each amalgam. The amalgams made with sulfur ( LANL andFERNseries) appear to behave like the blank, whilethosemadewithmetals( ORand ID series) appearto behavelikepuremercury.

6 + [ Hg] at 100 5 1 o Fig. 2. Mercury concentration in headspace at 4" C.

6.2 TESTS PERFORMED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE The temperature inside the laboratory was quite constant ( between 20and21" C) whenthe measurements were performed on four different days. The mercury concentration found in the 3. The temperature fluctuations observed in the other headspace at 21" C should be 14.5 mg/ m experiments did not occur in this set, and more reliable values were obtained. The data are summarized in Table 3. Figure 3 plots the average values obtained for each series; the theoretical values for pure mercury at 17 and 190C are also provided. The same trend observed at 4 ° C was noted at room temperature: the amalgams made with sulfur behave like the blank, and the amalgams made with metals behave like pure mercury.

11 . . ..

6.3 TESTS PERI? ORMED AT 60" C For this series of tests, the data showed much fluctuation with the temperature drop that occurred when the oven was opened to obtain the sample for measurement. The theoretical mercury concentration at 60 ° C is 243.8 mg/ m3. As with the samples maintained at 4 ° C, no absolute data are generated, onIy comparative data with the blank and the pure mercury samples. The same trend observed with the other temperatures was also noted. The data obtained on four different days are compiled in Table 4 and illustrated in Fig. 4, where theoretical values for pure mercury at 45, 50,

55, and 60 ° C are ako presented.

I I,

.     Fig. 3. Mercury concentration in headspace at 21" C.

12 300

250. ~ iOC !

I 200 q l : _ ;+ BLK :

Fig. 4. Mercury concentration in headspace at 60 ° C.

7. RESULTS OF MERCURY DEGRADATION AS A FUNCTION OF pH In this set of experiments, triplicate analyses were performed for each time interval and pH evaluated. The metal concentrations, expressed in milligrams per liter, were determined by ICP,

while the mercury concentrations, expressed in micrograms per liter, were measured by cold vapor atomic absorption ( CVAA). The data generated after 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months of cure are presented in Tables A. l A. 16 located in Appendix A. A compilation of the average data obtained for each series is provided in Appendix B, Tables B. 1 B. 6. The weight of the amalgam used as well as the pH of the initial solution and the pH after cure are provided.

It is interesting to note that heterogeneity is observed in the mercury data obtained for some samples prepared in triplicate. Many of the samples presenting these differences were rerun to 13 ..

confirm the results, and the analyses confirm the heterogeneity in many cases. This may be explained by the presence of mercury that had not completely reacted with the amalgamating material. This hypothesis is very likely to be the case for the FERN samples. During the sample preparation, small spheres of shiny metallic mercury were observed in the black material, providing evidence that some mercury did not react completely. For the FERN and LANL series, with the black mercury sulfide material, this observation was readily made; however, for the gray OR and ID amalgams, it was difficult to note. A second hypothesis would be the presence in the leachate of small particulate of HgS that were not captured by the 0.45 pm filter used. This obsemation was noted especially for the ID series, followed, to a lesser degree, by the OR series and then by the FERN and LANL series.

7.1 CHANGES IN THE FINAL pH OF THE LEACHATES Except for the blank and mercury standard series, changes in the final pH values of the solutions were observed. At pH 3, all the solutions containing the various amalgams exhibited a final increase in pH with time. The amalgam made with the ID series appeam to be the one for which tie pH increased the most. At pH 5, the FERN amalgams appear to produce the highest pH increase. At higher pH values, the two types of waste form are diverging: for the suIfur amalgams,

the fti pH of the solution decreases slightly at pH 7 and severely at pH 12.5, while the metalbased amalgams show an increase for pH 7 and a small decrease for pH 12.5. These changes are illumated in Figs. 5 8. The reasons for this are discussed in Sect. 8.1.

7.2 MERCURY LEACHING RESULTS The average mercury leaching results are compiled for easy comparison in Table 5. The results are expressed in micrograms per liter. All the amalgams show a decrease in the leachability of mercury compared with the pure mercury standard; however, the scale of the reduction is different. R is also interesting to remember that the Universal Treatment Standard ( UTS) limit for 14 ., u.  !.., . .. 47. . . . . . < .. .* . ~ ,2   . .. VC. L.. 2  . .     I I I1 I L 14 12 10 % 8 6 4 2 pH changes in the leaching solutions containing LANL `

amalgam + PH3 :

l==== !

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Time ( month) + PH5  A PH7 :

 e PH 125 ,

  lh? ar( pH !

125) ~   Linear( pH7);

  hwr( pH 5) j   Linear( pH 3) i

  Fig. 5. Change in pII for the L amalgam series.

14 12 10 pH changes in the leaching solutions containing the FERN amalgam 1 6

4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time ( month) ,

, ~ a pH 125 ,

i   linear( pH 125 ~ ~

  timsar( pH7) : j   tinear( pH5) : I   Liwar( pH 3) ! ~

Fig. 6. Change in pH for the FERN amakgam series.

15 pH changes in the leaching solutions containing OR 1 I I I,

I 4 x Q ,

!

i amalgam 14 I 10 A 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Time ( month) I , I + PH3 + PH5 ` i i;  A PH7 1; ,;

~ PH 12.5 ii   Linear ( pH 125) i ~

  tiwar( pH7) ,~

  Linear ( pH 5) :

  tinear( pH 3) `~

Fig. 7. Change in pH for the OR amalgam series.

pH changes in the leaching solutions containing the ID amalgam 14 # , I 1  E PH5 ~~ I ;+ pH3 i x 6.

4   2.

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Time ( month) II  A PH7 ~, . .

(  e PH 125 8   Linear ( pH 125,

  tirtear( pH7) ,

  Lirw( pH5) j   Lirwr( pH 3) ~

Fig. 8. Change in pH for the ID amalgam series. mercury is 25 ppb; results for a few amalgams were found to be above this value, but nearly all the results obtained for mercury far exceeded this limit. Table 6 presents normalized data ( in percent)

of the leachabili~ for each series relative to the leachability for the pure mercury standard at the same time interwd. These changes are illustrated in Figs. 9 12.

The two processes behave very differently depending upon pH. Acidic solutions appear to have a lesser deleterious effect upon the sulfur based amalgams than the metal based ones, which can release significant amounts of mercury ( especially the ID series). Comparatively, the more basic solutions appear to be less aggressive on the metal based amalgams than those solutions made with sulfur.

Table 5. Mercury leachability ( micrograms per liter) measured for different amalgams pH pH 3 pH 5 pH 7 PH 12.5 : ; Time 2W ~ lnl ~ 2m : 3m 2w: lm: 2m \ 3m 2wjlm~ 2mj3m 2w~ lmj2mj3m Hg 723 j 1337 : 537 : 4257 1368 : 3986 ~ 3111 : 7745 641 ~ 2739 : 1371 ; 3666 5231 ; 6594 : 4534 : 11259 .............. ..................... .................... .......+... .." ........................_... + .......+. __+. . ..... .......... ............. ...............

LANL 8.5 : 41 : ND : 5.9 38 : 54 : 20 : 10 8.2 ~ 7.4 : 52. : 21 8.6 ; 5.9 : 12.8 : 12 .................................................................................................... ..................... ... ..... ..................................................

FERN 12 : 4.5 : 5.0 : 80 10 ; 28 : 125 : 184 16 ~ 73 : 203 : 108 15 : 42 ; 1223 : 264 ....................................... .......................... .... ..................... ..........+... .. ...+..._.. + ... +................................

OR 16 : 76 : 4.5 : 62 13 : 109 +$ ; 213 4.5 : 21 @ D : 7.2 52 : 81 : 14.2 : 24 ................................................................ ........................................+._.......+...__ +._._...    ..+.._..... y.. ..................

xl) 210 : m : 293 : 8.2 65 : 133 ; 80 : 288 13 : 11 : ND : 9.4 33 : 70 : 406 : 110 Table 6. Normalized ( percent) mercury leachability for different amalgams pH pH 3 pH 5 pH 7 pH 12.5 Time 2W ~ Im j2m ~ 3m 2w\ lmj2m~ 3m 2w~ lmj2m~ 3m 2w~ lmj2m~ 3m : Hg 100 j 100 ; 100 j 100 100: 100: 100: 100 100: 100: 100: 100 100: 100: 100: 100 .............. .......... ............. .......... .......... .... ....... ........... ..... ..... ........ . ......."..+..".....+_..."..*......".. .. .........+..........+ ..........

LANL 1.2 ; 3.1 : 0 ; 0.1 2.8 ~ 1.4 : 0.6 : 0.1 1.3 ; 0.3 : 3.8 ; o. 6 (). 2 : (). 1 : ( 3.3 : (). 1 .............. ........... ............. . . ... ...........+.........+...."....+....."". ...........+...""".+ . . .... . .......... .. ......... .......... ........... ..........

FERN 1.7 : 0.4 : 0.9 j 1.9 0.7 : 0.7 : 4.0 : 2.4 2.5 : 2.7 : 14.6: 2.9 0.3 : 0.6 : 27.0 : 2.3 ............................................... .... ....+....+..* ._._+__.:._+____ .+. +...................

OR 2.2 : 5.7 : 0.8 : 1.5 1.0 : 2.7 : 1.1 ~ 2.8 0.7 ; 0.8 ; O .............. : 0.2 1.0 : l.~ ~ 0.3 : o.~ .......... ...... ....... ..... ......... .......... ......... ........._+. .+_.+ ..._. ..........................................

ID 29 j 14.4 : 54.5 : 0.2 4.7 : 3.3 : 2.6 : 3.7 2.0 j 0.4 : 0 : 0.2 0.6 : 1.1 : 9.0 ~ 1.0 17 Normalized mercury release at pH= 3 1 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time, month Fig. 9. Normalized leachability for each type of amalgam at pH= 3.

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Normalized mercury release at pH= 5 0.5 1 1.5 Time, month Fig. 10. Normalized mercury leachability for each type of amalgam at pH= 5.

18 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Normalized mercury release at pH= 7 0.5 "&~ L "

1.5 2 2.5 3 Time, month I Fig. 11. Normalized mercury leachability for each type of amalgam at pH= 7.

I I 1 I 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Normalized mercury release at pH= 12.5

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Fig. 12. Normalized mercury leachabilityfor each type of amalgam at pH= 12.5.

19  .

7.3 METAL LEACHING RESULTS .

The Ieachates were also anaIyzed for trace metals by ICP AES. Results obtained from the blank series are illustrated in Fig. 13 and provide an estimate of the contamination inherent in the experimental protocol followed   the high level of sodium found for a pH of 5 is caused by the presence of NaOH in TCLP fluid # 2; at a pH of 12.5, the calcium hydroxide added for the "

preparation of the saturated Ca( OH) zexplains the high calcium content. Low concentrations of potassium, sodium, silicon, and zinc were found in this series. The mercury series ( Fig. 14) shows that trace copper, silicon, and aluminum were present as contaminants in the mercury used for the experiments.

Data horn the FERN series ( Fig. 15) show that the following metals were found at low concentrations in the leaching solutions: aluminum, iron, magnesium, and strontium. The concentrations of metals leached were higher at low pH values than at higher ones. The concentration of calcium found in the Ieachate was high, around 2000 mg/ L. From the same process, tie LANL series ( Fig. 16) also presented higher concentrations of calcium than those in the blank; however, these concentrations were not as high as those observed in the FERN series.

The concentrations of aluminum, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and silicon present in the ~ g~ were higher th~ ~ ose fo~ d ~ fie bl~ series

Data from the OR series ( Fig. 17) showed that small concentrations of aluminum, boron, iron,

potassium, and silicon are also present in the leachates. At low pH values, high concentrations of zinc and magnesium were found in the leachates but were absent at neutral values or basic pHs. It is interesting to observe that in contrast to the sulfur based amalgams, the metal based type appears to consume calcium at high pH. The ID amalgams ( Fig. 18) released aluminum, boron, iron,

potassium, and silicon. As in the OR series, magnesium and zinc were released at acidic pHs. The calcium release follows the same pattern as the OR series; concentrations at pH values of 12.5 were lower than those for the blank series. The sodium concentrations appear to be higher than those for the other series.

20 ... _   = L..\ , ., ~,~.,~ ,. ,.  ,...%.     ~  >. L .. ,  . . .._ . ._,   Metals present mthe btank I i I II I !

I ; Metals present in the b! ank ~ Potassiwn  6 Silimn  E Zinc ~ Alm" mm 2 7 12 Fig. 13. Metals present in the blank.

Metals leached from the rwcury standard I Metals leached from the mercury standard 1 ,

B 5 4 3 2 1 0 1400 + 1200 E 1000 c 0 800 = ( 0 L 600 % 400 E 200 80 A /\ / P / \ / / / / / \ / I I ~ Calcium : I ! ~ Sodiuss i \ ,, I I   Copper ~ Pot? s, silsr ~ Silimn 1 2 7 12 pH 2 7 12 L pH I

Fig. 14. Metals present in the leachates of the mercury standard.

I Metals leached from the FERNseries Metals leached from FERNseries ,

 1  m E 4000 3500.~ 3000. 2600 /

200+ 3# 1500. 1000 A 500 /

0: d L e

2 7 12 8 6 4 2 s 0. 2 7 12 pH e Potassim i   Magcesiur ~ Silicon ~ strontims ~ U U IS I,   Alunirun co = ~

z a) 0 s ; 6 !+ 3 cslciumli   .

PH 1 Fig. 15. Metals present in the Ieachates of the FERN amalgam.

21 1 Metals leached from LANl series i: Mstah leached from LANL series 1 ~ s' 5 !:' 0 ! s15 ,= pi   +   Potassims [ ,= ` s10 l   Magnesims ~

' 55 LJ   Silimn ~ Strontiurn i ~ Zil'r .1 1: 02 7 1' I I PH I Fig. 16. Metals present in the leachates of the LANL amalgam.

, I , I 1 1 I ! 2 7 12 1 I pH I ,

I M? tals leached from the ORserie s 1 I . U 2 7 12 !

I ! Metals leached f romthe ORsenes I 1.

1:

2 7 12 pH i] 1 pH I \

Fig. 17. Metals present in the Ieachates of the OR amalgam.

I Metals leached from D series I MWalsleached from IDseries I j+ 10 ~? 8 , ~ 6 Is 4 ! s ~ as 02 ;& ; B~ o

2 7 X2 PH II I 2 7 12 , :! pH , ,.

Fig. 18. Metals present in the leachates of the ID amalgam.

22 . ....... .. .. L,,.. . mu, r___ . . . .,, e . . .. l&. J. _.. r ,, ,.. :. ,,,.. .. s.. . ,. . ~ k.=., ,, .&   8. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 8.1 AMALGAMATED MERCURY TheacidicpHvalueswereexpectedto havea moredeleteriouseffectuponthe amalgamwhen made with acid reactive metals ( zinc, aluminum, cadmium, copper) because of the generation of hydrogen that occurs at lower pH values. At higher pH values, hydrated oxides of mercury tend to form and are therefore expected to fare better. Amalgamated mercury did not perform as well as the sulfur based mercuric sulfide. This may be explained by the well known fact that mercury,

once amalgamated with another metal such as zinc, copper, or aluminum, causes the metal to become very reactive in water and especially in acidic solutions. These metals will even slowly react with pure water, liberating hydrogen, and enter solution as the metal cation. This process is slow kinetically; however, when mercury amalgamates with the metal, the hydrogen potential of the metal reacting with water or acid is lowered considerably and becomes more reactive as a result. 7 After all the metal dissolves, the elemental mercury remains behind. This reactively with either acid or water is depicted in the following equations:

Hg M*+ 2H+ + M2++ Hg0+ HJg) t ( 2)

Hg  M + 2HZ0 + M2+ + HgO + Hz( g) ~ + 20H ( 3)

Both reactions produce arise in pH, as illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8. From the ICP data, it appears that zinc was likely used as an amalgamating metal. Because of the enhancement in reactivity of the metal toward water or acidic solutions, mercury amalgamation using such metals will result in the re formation of free elemental mercury released to the environment over time, if the waste form is exposed to such conditions.

* Hg M denotes a metal amalgam.

23 8.2 MERCURIC SULFIDE IMMOBILIZATION Mercury is found in mture as the ve~ insoluble mineral cinnabar ( HgS) and is also known as mercuric sulfide. The sulfide is not reactive to any appreciable extent in water, with a volubility product ~ of only 10 15for the black allotropic form. The sulfide is reactive only in acid and slowly reactive in oxygemted alkaline solution, where it can be oxidized to soluble mercuric sulfate or sometimes HgOH+. These first two reactions of mercuric sulfide can be depicted as follows:

Hg   M*+ 2H++ M2++ Hg0+ H2 ( g)~

and HgS + OH   + 20z( g) + Hg( OH)+ + SO~" ( 4)

( 5)

In Eq.( 4), acid is consumed as mercury enters solution and the pH can be expected to rise, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. EventuaUy, the mercury cation can react with hydroxyl anion, when the pH rises sufficiently, and form moderately insoluble hydrates of mercury@) oxide @ gO).

In an alkaline solution, with air present above the solution, as was found in the experimental setup,

the highly insoluble HgS can slowly be oxidized to more soluble mercuric sulfate. In Eq. ( 5), the hydroxyl anion is consumed, therefore causing a drop in pH, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The reactions of HgS in an acid or base are numerous; therefore, the reactions shown in Eqs. ( 4) and ( 5) are probable but not the only ones possible. Eventually, mercury in neutral and alkaline solution will precipitate as oxide, as shown in Eq. ( 6):

Hg( O~' + OH % HgO ~ + HZO . ( 6)

Since the reactivity of HgS in neutral water is far too slow to consider and the oxidation to soluble sulfate in alkaIine solution is slow, sulfide is a good form to bind elemental mercury.

24 ,..: ,.,,, ..., _ .,,&.,____ , . , . , e~ kau _ l M:, , .. ?. ,,, .__ J . .     9. CONCLUSIONS Two different processes for treatment of radioactively contaminated mercury were evaluated: one process relied upon amalgamation with metals and the other depended on the formation of mercuric compounds with sulk. In the set of experiments that evaluated the release of mercury vapor in the headspace as a function of temperature, the amalgams made with metals released as much mercury as tie standard pure mercury added as a control. This observation was made at all three temperatures investigated, that is, 4, 20, and 60 ° C. On the contrary, the compounds of mercury sulfide did not release mercury in the headspace. Even at 60" C, the concentration of mercury present in the headspace of sulfide compounds did not exceed 1 mg/ m3, while the metal based amalgams could be as high as 260 mg/ m3. This finding corroborates the results obtained by Gorin et al. ( 1) in their experimental work as well as those found in the literature'.

When leached in various solutions, the metal based amalgams appeared to degrade more than the sulfur based compounds, even though the duration of the tests was short ( 3 months). Some variabili~ was found in the mercury leaching results. This could be caused by heterogeneity of the samples themselves; that is, all the mercury may not have reacted during the treatment. This was corroborated by the observation of a few tiny droplets of shiny mercury in the black FERN sulfur based mercury compound. Another cause could be the presence in the leachate of small insoluble particulate of mercuric sulfide or compounds that were not captured by step the 0.45~ m filter and were analyzed as ionic mercury from the leachate.

10. REFERENCES the filtration 1. A. H. Gorin, J. H. Leckey and L. E. Nulf, Final Disposal Optionsfor Mercury/ Uranium Mixed Wastesj70m th Oak Ridge Reservation, Y DZ 1106, Oak Ridge Y 12 Plant, August 1994.

2. Mercury Amalgti" on, Mixed Waste Focus Area, Technology Development Requirements Document, INEL/ EXT 97 O0314, Rev. O, March 1997.

25 3. D. M. Considine and G. D. Considine, eds., Encyclopedia of Chemistry, 4* ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1984.

4. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, 8796.1950, " Vapor pressure, " Environmental Protection Agency.

5. Anencan Society for Testing and Materials, " Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure, "

ASTM E 1194 87, Philadelphia.

6. A. A. Kriger and IL IL Turner, Field Analysis of A4ercuiy in Water, Sediment and Soil Using Static Headspace Analysis, CONF 940729 2, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994.

7. P. C. L. Theme and E. R. Roberts, Inorganic Chemistry, 5* edition, Interscience Publishers,

Inc., New York, 1949, p. 426.

.

26 APPENDIX A LEACHING TEST DATA  Table Al. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 3 rWeight( g)

Initial pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron > Potassium b Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selanium Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tllanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Mercury' Blk Blk K Blk L 2,96 2.96 2.96 2.87 2,85 2,89 : 0.00< 0.003< 0.003 0,07 0.070 0.084 : 0.01 < 0! 010 < 0.010 : 0,02< 0.020< 0,020 : 0.00< 0.001< 0.001 0! 00 0.002 0.002 0.04< 0.040< 0.040 < 0.00 < 0.001< 0.001 < 0.00 < 0.005< 0.005 < 0.00 < 0,004< 0! 004 c 0,05 c 0.050< 0.050 4.28 5.368 11.17[ c 0,02 < 0,020< 0.020 : 0,00< 0,001< 0.001 0.69 0.077 0.073 : 0,00< 0.004< 0.004 : 0.00 c 0.007< 0.007 0.02 0.020 0$ 021 : 0.01 < 0.010< 0.010 0.52 0.507 0.568 : 0,00< 0.001< 0.001 : 0.13< 0.130< 0.130 0.00 0.001 0.001 : 0.00 c 0,008< 0.008 0.09 0.074 0.070 : 0,01 < 0,010< 0.010 0.01 0.009 0.011 : 0.01 c 0.010 c 0.010 0.20 0.121 0.136 HG B HG C HG I' 15.84 14.32 6.84 2,96 2.98 2.96 2.87 2.88 2.86 : 0,005< 0.005 < 0.005 0,407 0.372 0,167 : 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 : 0,040< 0.040 < 0.040 : 0.002< 0.002 < 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.204 c 0.080 c 0.080 : 0,002< 0.002 < 0.002 c 0,010< 0.010 < 0,010 4,164 3.695 1,362 : 0.100< 0.100 < 0.100 3.998 4.807 1.974 c0.040< 0.040 < 0.040 : 0.002 c 0.002 c 0.002 : 0.120< 0.120 0,398 : 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 : 0,014< 0.014 < 0.014 0.033 0.037 0.039 : 0,020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.514 0.602 0,681 : 0,002< 0.002 < 0.002 : 0,260 c 0.260 < 0.260 : 0.002< 0.002 < 0.002 : 0,016< 0.016 < 0.016 : 0,100< 0.100,< 0.100 : 0.020< 0,020 < 0.020 0.012 0.015 0.012 : 0,020< 0.020 < 0.020 555 665 949 LANL F LANL 5 LANL 7.63 9.80 6.49 2.96 2.96 2.96 3.28 3.45 3.38 : 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 1.608 1,961 2.399 : 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 : 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.008 0.014 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.004 541 832 658 : 0.002 < 0.002 < 0! 002 : 0.010 0.019 0.019 : 0.008 c 0.008 C0,008 6.111 10.292 6.675 10.211 6.598 3.747 0.978 1,709 1.383 0.052 0.129 0.082 4.165 5,857 4.107 0.020 0,017 0.013 : 0.014 < 0.014 < 0,014 : 0.020 < 0,020 c 04020 : 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,020 3.404 5.783 5.156 0.190 0,321 0,222 : 0.260 c 0,260 < 0,260 0.004 0.005 0.004 : 0.016 < 0.016 c0,016 : 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 : 0.020 0.035 0.024 0.036 0.043 0,046 : 0.020 0.021 0.026 9.12 8,28 8.24 Fern D Fern E Fern F 6.63 7.90 11.44 2.96 2.96 2.96 3.36 3.42 3.44 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 0.288 0,305 0,335 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 : 0.040 < 0.040 c 0.040 0.004 0.005 0.010 0.003 0,003 0.004 974 1217 1591 : 0,002 < 0,002 < 0.002 : 0.010 < 0,010 < 0,010 0.014 c 0,008 0.015 1.115 1.528 1.873 4.135 4.040 14.264 4.083 4.811 6.805 0,018 0.025 0.029 13.699 15.415 23.137 0,008 < 0,008 c 0,006 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 0.027 0.025 : 0.020 c 0,020 < 0.020 2,580 3.172 3.915 0.310 0.393 0,589 0,260 < 0.260 c 0,280 0.005 0.007 0.009 0,016 < 0.016 < 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.020 < 0.020 0.021 0,024 0.020 0.026 0.036 c 0.020 0.022 8.7 10.8 17,5 OR A OR B OR 1 20.36 25.53 26.8 2.96 2.96 2,9(

5.22 5.30 6.9[

0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.212 0.251 0.146 0.020 c 0.020 < 0,020 0.148 0,270 0,357 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.004 8.59 7.50 8.99 0$ 002 < 0.002 < 0,002 0,010 c 0,010 c 0.010 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 0.843 1,294 1.481 6.794 6.443 6.700 823 968 1357 0.052 0.068 0.058 416 512 521 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0! 014 < 0,014 0! 020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0! 020 < 0.020 < 0.020 1.401 1.394 0.999 0.024 0.021 0,023 0.260 c 0.260 c 0.260 0.002 < 0.002 c 0.002 0.016 c 0.016 c 0,016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 116.1 242.9 107,6 0.105 0.205 0.110 17.8 20.4 9,940 ID A ID B ID C 7.37 7.17 6.46 2.96 2.96 2.96 5.00 4.74 4.78 : 0.005 < 0.005< 0.005 0.174 0.164 0.217 : 0.020 < 0.020< 0.020 0.349 0.300 0.481 0.019 0.014 0.019 0.003 0,003 0.003 15.69 8,03 16.21 : 0.002 < 0.002< 0! 002 : 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 : 0.008 < 0,008 c 0.008 0.797 0.404 0,654 4.104 6.276 15.45 849 653 796 0.028 0.025 0,024 847 770 866 : 0.008 < 0.008< 0.008 : 0.014 < 0.014< 0.014 : 0.020 < 0! 020 < 0.020 : 0.020 < 0.020< 0.020 1.306 1.214 1.730 0.070 0.048 0.066 : 0.260 < 0.260< 0,260 0.002 < 0.002 0.003 : 0.016 c 0.016< 0.016 : 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 : 0.020 c 0,020 c 0.020 104.0 104.5 190.4 0.093 0.111 0.160 318.0 173.0 139.0 i I ` Results in micrograms per liter. Table A. 2. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 5 Welghl( g)

Initial pH Final PH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron * Potassium & Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Sillcon Strontium Thorium T'ltanlum Thall[ um Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Blk Bik H Blk 1 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.06 5,06 5,05 < 0.003< 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.030< 0.030 < 0.030 < 0.010< 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.020< 0,020 < 0.020 0.001 0.001 c 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 < 0.040< 0,040 < 0.040 < 0.001 c 0,001 < 0.001 < 0.005< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.004< 0.004 < 0.004 < l), r) 51)< 0.050 < 0.050 4.967 5.735 5,700 < 0,020< 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.001< 0.001 < 0.001 1243 1234 1229 <(), 004< r3, r304 < 0,004 c0,007< 0.007 < 0! 007 < 0,010< 0,010 < 0,010 c 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.602 0,571 0.466 < 0.001< 0,001 < 0.001 < 0,130< o,' t3r) < 0,130 0.001 0.001 0.001 < 0.008< 0,006 < 0.008 0.067 0,067 0.056 : 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.011< 0,010 0.014 0.14 0.104 O, loe . . HG D HG E HG 8 LANL Lanl Lanl 2 19,15 18,64 6,22 11.12 14.41 9.76 5.00 5.00 5.00 5,00 5,00 5.00 5,01 5.02 5.02 5.09 5$ 07 5.01 0! 005 < 0.005 < 0.005 c 0.005 < (), 005 < (), 0() 5 0.335 0,279 c 0.060 < 0.060 < 0,060 < 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 c 0,020 < 0,020 < 0,020 0.040 c 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 c 0,040 < 0,040 0,002 c 0,002 < 0.002 0.022 0.027 0.016 0.002 0,003 0,003 0.003 0,003 0.003 0,060 < 0,060 0.644 939 1249 744 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,002 < 0.002 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0,010 4,663 4.776 1.707 c 0.006 c 0.006 c 0.008 0,100 c 0,100 c 0.100 3,719 4.144 2.583 6.025 5.733 6.561 8.075 7.968 12,23{

0,040 < 0.040 < 0040 1.514 1,903 0.961 0.002 c 0,002 c 0,002 0.141 0.074 0.051 1399 1405 1365 1373 1366 1397 0.006 c 0.008 c 00008 0.014 0,019 0,013 0.014 c 0,014 < 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 c 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 < 0,020 0.020 c 0.020 c 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.497 0.501 0,680 10.844 13.852 6.934 0$ 002 c 0.002 < 0,002 0.333 0,494 0,257 0.260 < 0,260 < 0.260 < 0.260 c 0,260 < 0.260 0,002 < 0.002 < 0,002 0.006 0,007 0.005 0.016 < 0.016 c 0.016 < 0.016 c 0,016 < 0,016 0,100 < 0,100 < 0,100 < 0.100 < 0,100 < 0,100 0,020 c 0,020 c 0,020 0,021 0,035 < 0,020 0.017 0,016 0.031 0.074 0.047 0.071 0.020 c 0.020 < 0.020 0.036 0.037 < 0.020 1423 1271 1411 50.8 54,6 9.1 . . Fern Fern Fern l 5.99 8.67 16,76 5.00 5.00 5.00 5,06 5,00 5,06 0! 005 < 0,005 < 0,005 00060 < 0,060 c 0,060 0.020 0,020 0,026 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.009 0.010 0.014 0.004 0.004 0.004 1266 1283 2238 0.002 < 0,002 < 0.002 0,010 c 0.010 c 0.010 0.017 < 0.008 0.017 0,895 1.168 3,526 4,200 3.460 6.009 3.813 5.639 10.72!

0.017 0,013 0.038 1441 1507 1500 0.008 c 0.008 < 0,008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0,020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0.020 c 0,020 < 0.020"

3,026 2.377 3.988 0,353 0.481 0.940 0,260 c 0.260 < 0,260 0,008 0.007 0,011 0.016 < 0,016 < 0,016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 0,020 c 0.020 c 0,020 0,020 0.013 0.010 0.025 < 0.020 0.029 10.7 11.4 8.1 OR 4 OR 5 OR 9 17,40 37.46 37.18 5.00 5.00 5,00 6.85 6.00 7,93 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.060 < 0,060 < 0,060 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0.040 < 0,040 c 0.040 0,003 0,003 0.006 0,004 0,004 0,004 6.716 12.007 10,65 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,002 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.010 0.008 < 0.008 c 0,006 0.100 0.334 0.123 3.816 12,164 11.77 324 615 465 0,008 0.004 c 0,002 1932 1998 1932 0,008 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 c 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.020 c 0.020 c 0,020 0,912 0.875 0.893 0.017 0.036 0,033 0.260 c 0.260 < 0.260 0! 002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0,016 < 0,016 < 0.016 0.100 c 0.100 < 0.100 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 167.2 25,92 32,32 0.164 0,051 0,051 13.1 19,90 5.790 ID G ID H ID 10 7,11 7.43 6.85 5.00 5.00 5.00 7.61 7,74 6.61 0.005 < 0,005 < 0.005 0.060 < 0.060 < 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.040 c 0,040 < 0.040 0.018 0,015 0.018 0,003 0.003 0.004 12,091 9,221 10,094 0.002 c 0.002 c 0.002 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.008 < 0,008 < 0.008 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 5.762 9,999 21,232 360 377 386 0.008 0,008 0.009 2070 2032 1826 0.008 < 0.008 c 0.008 0,014 < 0,014 c 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0,020 c 0.020 1.222 1.041 1.150 0.057 0,047 0.041 0.260 < 0,260 c 0.260 0.002 < 0.002 c 0.002 0.016 < 0,016 < 0.016 0.1OO < 0.100 < 0.100 0,020 c 0.020 < 0.020 74.390 67.054 75.826 0.074 0,074 0.067 8,100 10,90 176.0 " Results in micrograms per liter. Table A. 3. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 7 I Blk D Blk E Blk F Weight( g)

Initial pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron > Potassium & Magneskrm Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Siiioorr Strontium Thorium Titanium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium 7.87 7,87 7,87 7.54 6,70 6.34 < 0.003 < 0,003< (), 003 0,066. 0,060 0,070 < 0.010 c 0.010< 0.010 < (). 020 < 0.020< 0,020 < 0.001 < 0,001< 0,001 0,002 0.001 0,002 0.479 0,047 0,053 < 0.001 < 0.001< 0,001 < o, rJr) 5 < 0.( J05< 0,005 < 0.004 0.017< 0.004 < 0,050 < 0.050< 0.050 4.238 4.309 3.825 < 0,020 < 0J320< (), r) zr)

< (), 001 < rj,( JrJl< 0,001 c 0.060 0,069 c 0.060 < 0.004 < 0.004< 0,004 < 0.007 < 0.007< 0,007 < 0,010 0.012< 0.010 <().() 10 < (), 01()< rj, r) lrj 0,461 0,449 0,474 < 0,001 < 0,001< r), rjoq < 0.130 <(), 13 ()< r), 130 0.001 < 0.001 0,001 < 0.008 < 0.008< 0,006 0.094 < 0.050 0,080 < O, r) lr) < 0,010< 0,010 0.014 0.007< 0.005 < 0,010 < 0.010< 0.010 Mercu@ I 0.081 0.05 0,141 HG. F HG G HG HI Lani Lanl 4 Lani E 22,99 23,32 16.351 10.61 5,95 7.87 7.67 7.87 I 7.67 7.87 7,87 7.35 7.40 7.08 6.35 4,80 6.35 : 0,005 c 0,005 < 0,005 c 0,005 c 0,005 c 0,005 0.144 0,154 0.156 0.124 0.126 0.129 : 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,020 c 0,020 c 0,020 < 0.020"

: 0.040 < 0,040 c 0.040 < 0,040< 0,040 c 0.040 : 0,002 c 0,002 c 0.002 0.015 0.009 0.011 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 : 0.080 c 0,080 < 0,080 & 3fr 511 565 : 0.002 c 0.002 c 0.002 < 0,002 c 0.002 c 0.002 : 0,010 c 0,010 c 0.010 < 0,010< (), 010 c 0.010 0.268 0.426 0.655 < 0,006 c 0,006 c 0.006 : 0,100 < 0,100 < 0.100 < 0.100< 0,100 < 0.100 5.419 4.206 4,625 5.516 10,726 5,646 : 0.040 c 0.040 < 0,040 0.710 0.479 0.535 : 0.002 c 0,002 < 0,002 0.005 0.002 0,003 0.457 c 0,120 < 0.120 5.743 3.878 3.877 : 0.008 < 0,006 c 0,008 c 00008 c 0.008 c 0.008 : 0.014 < 0,014 c 0,014 < 0,014 c 0,014 c 0,014 0.025 0,026 0,022 < 0.020< 0.020 < 0! 020 : 0.020 c 0,020 < 0,020 < 0,020< 0.020 c 0.020 0.511 0,498 0,561 9.671 7,151 9,513 : 0.002< 0,002 c 0.002 0.325 0,166 0.188 o, 260 < 0,260 < 0,260 c 0,260 c 0.260 c (), 260 :(). 002 c 0,002 < (), 002 0.005 0,003 0,004 o. o16 < o, olr3 c 0.016 c 0,016< 0.016 < 0.016 0,100 < 0,100 c 0.100 < 0.100< 0,100 < 0,100 0.020 < 0,020 c 0.020 < 0,020< 0,020 < 0,020 0.010 < 0,010 c 0.010 < 0.010< 0.010 0.011 0,020 < 0,020 < 0,020 0,031 0,021 0,021 630 343 950 I 9.05 7,86 7,68     OR C OR 7 OR 1 7 ID E ID F In l Fern J Fern K Fern L 8! 16 11.8 12.05 7.87 7,87 7,87 8.66 8.80 9.77 0.005 < 0.005< 0,005 0.215 0,168 0,219 0.020 c 0.020< 0.020 0.040 < 0.040< 0,040 0,006 0.007 0.010 0.003 0,004 0.004 1244 1586 1811 0.002 c 0.002< 0.002 0$ 010 < 0.010< 0.010 0.006 c 0.008 0.021 0! 100 < 0,100 < 0! 100 5.484 4.010 3,659 0.166 0,286 0,218 00002 < 0! 002 < 0.002 19.34 26,12 27.02 0.008 c 0.008< 0.006 0.014 < 0.014< 0.014 0,020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0.020 c 0.020 c 0,020 3.543 4,934 4,865 0.430 0,580 0,662 0,260 c 0,260< 0.260 0.006 0,009 0.010 0.016 < 0.016< 0.016 0.100 c 0,100< 0.100 0,020 < 0.020< 0.020 0! 010 < 0.010 c 0.010 0.034 c 0,020 0.023 12.7 2.24 18.6 . . . . . 20.77  26.3 5.66 7,87 7.87 7.87 10.45 10,3 10.70 0.005 < 0! 005 c 0,005 0.119 0.145 0.201 0.020 < 0.020 = 0.020 0.143 0.107 0.097 0.002 < 0,002 c 0.002 0! 004 0.004 0.004 2,830 5.883 0.990 0.002 < 0! 002 < 0.002 0.010 < 0.010 c 0.010 0.008 < 00008< 0.006 0.100 < 0.100< 0.100 5.277 6,232 4.101 45.31 89.89 20,89 0! 002 < 0.002 c 0,002 400 464 103 0,008 < 0,008 c 0.008 0.014 < 0.014< 0.014 0.020 c 0,020 0.029 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0.881 0.878 0,484 0.006 0,015 0,003 0.260 c 0,260 C 0.260 0.002 < 0.002< 0,002 0.016 c 0.016 s 0.016 qloo < 0,100 c 0.100 0.020 < 0+ 020c 0,020 0.077 0.104 0.167 0,020 < 0.020 = 0.020 9.03 1,60 2.760 7.87 7.87 7.87 10.49 10.4 10.59 0.005 < 0.005< 0,005 0,109 0,099 0,123 0.020 < 0.020< 0,020 0.400 0.308 0,362 0.011 0. O1O 0.009 0.003 0.003 0.004 4.521 5.565 3.072 0,002 c 0,002< 0.002 0.010 < 0.010< 0,010 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 0,100 Co. loo< o. loo 6,72 10.66 7,34 25.62 32.05 19.08 0.002 < 0.002< 0.002 530 ? 711 696 0.008 c 0,008 c 0,008 0.014 < 0.014< 0.014 0,020 c 0,020< 0,020 0.020 < 0.020 c 0,020 0.890 0.898 0,974 0.024 0.030 0.021 0.260 c 0,260< 0,260 0.002 < 0.002< 0,002 0.016 c 0,016< 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0! 100 0.020 < 0.020 c 0+ 020 0.056 0.054 0.078 0.020 c 0,020< 0.020 19.0 13,3 7.860 ` Results in micrograms per liter, Table A. 4. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 weeks   pH 12,5 Weight( g) Initial pH Final pH Silver Alumlnum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Coppsr Iron + Potassium & Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel , Lead Selenium Antimony Slllwn Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium I!! m! L_.   Blk A Blk B Blk C 12.53 12.53 12.53 12.78 12.78 12.74"

< 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 0.070 0.084 0.081 < 0.010 c 0,010 c 0,010 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.002 0.002 0! 002 1031 1024 1020 c (),() r) l < 0.001 < 0.001 0.032 0.030 0.030 < 0.004 < o, r) 04 < 0,004 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 4.687 22.813 8.959 < r). r320 c 0.020 c 0.020 < 0.001 c 0,001 c 0.001 0.936 0,945 0.930 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < o. r) 07 < r3,()() 7 < r).( rrJ7 <(), 010 c 0,010 c 0,010 < r), r) fo < 0,010 < 0,010 1.266 0.988 1.107 0.864 0.870 0.870 < 0.130 <(). 130 < 0,130 0.008 0.006 0.006 < 0,008 < 0,008 < 0.008 0.092 0.089 0.093 c 0,010 < 0,010 < 0.010 < 0,005 c 0.005 0.006 < 0,010 0.010 < 0.010 0.155 0.112 0$ 779 . . HG HG. I HG 12 Lanl A Lani H Lanl 7 11.7 4.92 5.54 11.06 7.51 8.66 12,5 12.53 12.5 12.53 12.53 12,53 12.7 12.73 12.7 12.67 12.48 12,65 0.024 c 0,005 c 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 0.249 0.171 0.194 0.128 0.141 0.127 : 0.020 0.021 < 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 : 0,040< 0.040 < 0,040 c 0,040 < 0.040 c 0.040 0.016 0.032 0.016 0.041 0.032 0.037 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0,003 0.003 986 2024 986 1946 1402 1611 < 0.002 c 0,002 < (). 0() 2 < 0.002 < 0,002 c 0.002 0.027 0.060 0.028 < 0,010 < 0! 010 0.018 1.093 0.856 0,450 c 0,008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.100< 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 4.305 12.560 4.579 6.176 5.830 6.470 c(),( r4rJ< (). 040 < 0.040 (), 045 c 0,040 c 0.040 : 0.002< 0.002 < 0.002 c 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.869 2.051 1.067 6.647 5.497 6.024 < o, 00f1< 0,008 < 0,008 c 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 : 0.014< 0.014 < 0,014 < 0.014 c 0.014 < 0.014 : 0.020< 0,020 c 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 < 0.020 : 0.020< 0,020 c 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.889 2.019 0.641 1.268 1.092 1.122 0,763 1.729 0.772 1.295 1.037 1.171 C(). ztjr) < (). 260 < (), zfjo < 0.260 c 0.260 < 0.260 0.005 0.011 0.005 0,010 0.008 0.009 : 0.016 c 0.016 < 0.016 < 0.016 < 0.016 c 0.016 : 0.100 0.102 < 0,100 < 0.100 < 0,100 < 0.100 crJ,( J20c 0,020 < 0.020 c ().() 20 < 0.020 c 0.020 c0.010 (), 021 < 0,010 <(), 010 c 0.010 e 0.010 : 0,020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.033 0.032 0.030 5503 4297 5893 7.38 10.42 8.05 Fern A Fern B Fern4 7.90 8.66 6.59 12.53 12.53 12.53 12.59 12.55 12.61 : 0,005 c 0.005 < 0,005 0.175 0.176 0.158 0.022 0.022 0,022 : 0.040 < 0.040 c 0.040 0.021 0,024 0.020 0.004 0.004 0! 003 2105 2149 1801 : 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 : 0.010 < 0.010 0.011 0,042 0,018 0.021 : 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 6.403 8.186 3.864 0.057 0,055 < 0.040 : 0.002 < 0,0" 02 < 0,002 16.18 19.56 13.92 : 0,008 c 0.008 c 0,008 : 0.014 c 0,014 c 0,014 : 0.020 c 0,020 < 0.020 : 0.020 < 0,020 < 0,020 1.089 1.228 1.002 1,273 1,355 1.161 : 0,280 < 0.260 < 0.260 0,011 04011 0.009 : 0.016 < 0,016 < 00016 : 0,100 < 0.100 < 0,100 : 0,020 < 0.020 c 0,020 : 0.010 < 0,010 < 0,010 : 0,020 c 0,020 c 0,020 15.3 14.2 15.9 OR 1 OR 2 OR 1 t 21.0 22.52 5.39 12.5 12.53 12.53 12.4 12.37 12.71 0.005< 0.005 < 0.005 0.163 0.170 0.210 0,020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.425 0.613 0.185 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.004 0.004 0,004 1031 803 1132 0.002< 0.002 < 0.002 0.010< 0.010 0.011 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 0.100 < 0,100 < 0.100 10.89 6.601 4.777 0,072 c 0.040 < 0.040 0.002< 0.002 < 0.002 361 461 113 0.008< 0.008 < 0.008 0.014< 0.014 < 0.014 0,020< 0,020 < 0.020 0,020< 0.020 < 0,020 2.604 1.909 1.745 0.776 0,697 0.916 0.280< 0.280 < 0,260 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.016< 0.016 < 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.020< 0.020 < 0,020 2.564 2.619 3.130 0.020 0.023 < 0.020 30.5 12.0 115.0 iD. D ID iD 4.33 6.85 5.33 12.5 12.53 12.53 12.4 12.34 12.48 < o, rJr. 15 c 0.005 < rJ, orj5 0.111 o.~ 41 0.113 < 0,020c 0.020 < 0,020 1.298 1.378 1.709 0.026 0.030 0.026 0.003 0.004 0.004 707 656 765 < 0,002< (). 002 c 0,002 crj, r) lo < 0.010 0.011 < o, oo8 0. o18 0.086 < 0,100< 0.100 < 0,100 4.177 11.664 9,100 0.169 0.074 < 0.040 < 0,002< o. rJrj2 < o, rJrJ2 836 629 652 C ( JlJf313 < (). 0() 8 < ( 3.006 < 0,014< 0.014 < r). r314 c0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.938 1.361 1.097,

0,603 0.732 0,770 < 0.260c 0.260 c 0.260 0.004 0.004 0.004 < 0.016< 0.016 c 0,016 cr), lr) l)< 0.100 < 0,1! )()

c 0.020< 0.020 c 0.020 4.144 4.904 3.035 < 0.020< 0.020 c 0,020 41.10 3.260 55,0 ` Results in micrograms per liter. Table AS. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 3 I Blk 1 Blk 2 Blk 3 I HG I HG 2 HG 31 LANL LANL LANL Weight( g) I    I 10 8 7 11.49 9.93 15.12 Inltlal pH Final pH Silver Alumlnum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron > Potassium & Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenlum Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tllanium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium nr nr 2.96 2,96 2.96 2.96 2.85 2.85 2.85 nr nr 2.88 2,52 2.58 2.65 3.42 3.28 3,29 <().() 03 < (),( J133< fJ, rJrJ3 (). r) 13 (). 004 0,004 c (). 013 c 0.013 c 0,013 0.048 c 0.030 0.039 0.422 0.357 0.321 4.941 4.242 4.563 < 0.010"< 0.010< (), 01() < 0.010 c 0.010< 0.010 c 0.050 c 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,020 c (), 020< 0,020 < 0,020 c 0.020< 0,020 c 0.100 c 0.100 c 0.100 < o. rJol < ().() 01 < 0,001 < 0.001 c 0.()() 1< 0,001 0.031 0.024 0.033 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.009 0.006 0.006 0.053< 0! 040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.042< 0.040 1085 872 1234 < 0.001 c 0,001< 0.001 c 0.001< 0,001 c 0,001 c 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 <(). 0() 5 < r), ol) 5 < (), 005 c 0.005< 0,005 c 0,005 0.035 0,029 0.033 <(). 004 0,004< (). 004 3.141 2,628 2.349 c 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,020 < 0,050 c 0,050"< 0.050 < 0.050< 0,050< 0.050 ` t5,184 10.551 12.97 0.051 0.052 1,789 1,706 0.789 8.623 3.626 3.492 4.375 <(), 02( y < 0,020< 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020< 0,020 2,911 2.040 2.629 <(). 001 < 0.001 c 0,001 c 0,001 c 0.001 c 0.001 0,152 0,120 0.144 0.086 0.063< 0.060 0.871 0.221 0.127 8.177 6.596 9.190 < 0.004< 0,004< 0.004 c 0,004 c 0.004< 0.004 0,021 0.023 0.024 < 0.007< ().( J() 7c 0,007 c 0.007< 0,007< 0.007 c 0,035 < 0,035 c 0,035 0.016 0.016 0.013 0.018 00017 0.019 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,010" c 0,010< 0.010 < ().() 10< 0.010< 0,010 < 0,050 < 0,050 < 0.050 0.623 0.558 0.586 0.622 0.605 0.560 20.244 13.846 17.40 < 0.001 c 0,001 c 0,001 < 0,001 e 0.001< 0.001 0,352 0,266 0.419 < 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.130 c 0.650 < 0.650 c 0.650 c (). 001 c 0.001 c 0,001 c 0.001< 0,001 c 0.001 0,007 0.007 0.008 < 0.008< 0,008< 0,008 < 0.008< 0,008< 0.006 < 0,040 c 0.040 e 0,040 < 0,050 0.060 C o, 050 0.085 0,061 0,059 C 0,250 c 0.250 c 0,250 <(). 01() < (). 010< 0,010 c 0,010 c 0,010< 0,010 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,050 0,011 0.008 0.008 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.142 0.153 0.105 <().() 10 < 0,010 c (), 010 c 0.010< 0,010 c 0.010 c 0.050 < 0,050 < 0.050 Mercury' < fJ.( j5rJ < 0,050 (). 109 1397 1303 1311I 30,0 48,1 45.7 aResults in micrograms per liter. Fern 19 Fern 20 Fern 2 16.32 11.62 18.14 2.85 2.85 2,85 3.96 4.18 4,26 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 0.271 0.180 0! 210 0.020 c 0,020 < 0,020 0.040 c 0.040 c 0.040 0.020 0.018 0.035 0,003 0.002 0.003 1907 2130 2639 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.013 0.025 0.017 0,008 < 0.008 < 0,008 2.683 1.801 2,559 3.863 2.999 2.977 10.241 7.131 11.39[

0.054 0.028 0.047 29.271 18.861 31.31! 0.006 < 0.008 0,006 0,014 c 0.014 < 0.014 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 8.349 4.525 7.090 0.813 0.713 1.096 0.260 < 0.260 < 0.260 0. O11 0.013 0.014 0.016 < 0.016 c 0.016 0! 100 0.139 < 0.100 0.031 < 0.020 0.031 0.010 0.015 0! 010 0.048 0.024 0.053 5.02 3.70 4.70 OR 1 1 OR 12 OR if 4.58 4.47 4,92 2,85 2.85 2.85 5.28 5.43 4.89 ,. . 0.013 < 0.013 < 0: 013 0.670 0.524 0.368 0.050 < 0,050 < 0,050 0.166 0.187 0.210 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.008 0,006 0.006 4.034 2.667 2,856 0.005 < 0,005 < 0.005 0.068 < 0.025 c 0.025 0,020 < 0,020 < 0.020 0,250 < 0,250 < 0,250 1.977 1.787 1.654 419 407 417 0.054 0.060 0.068 164.8 158.3 90.87 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0.035 < 0.035 < 0.035 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 1.207 1.001 1.045 0,009 0.008 0.008 0,650 c 0.650 c 0,650 0,005 < 0,005 c 0.005 0,040 < 0.040 < 0,040 0.250 c 0.250 < 0.250 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,050 280.1 274.6 271.9 0,251 0,276 0.213 60.4 115.1 53.8 ID 24 ID 24A ID 28 6.50 3.65 5.96 2,85 2,85 2,96 5.87 5.60 6.60 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.102 0.159 0.061 0,020 < 0,020 < 0,020 1.258 0.784 0,657 0.026 0.029 ` 0.022 0,003 0.003 0.003 19.024 11.675 18.767 0.002 c 0,002 < 0,002 0. O1O < 0.010 c 0.010 0.008 c 0,008 c0,008 1.556 1.075 1,213 4.743 4.628 3.079 1394 1098 1198 0.050 0.064 0.035 611 476 758 0.008 c 0.006 c: O. 008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 2.383 ` 1.463 1.416 0.079 0.047 0.076 0,260 c 0.260 c 0.280 0.002 0.003 < 0,002 0.016 c 0,016 < 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0,020 < 0.020 < 0,020 102,1 106.7 94.16 0.112 0.118 0.107 412 82.7 81.3 Table A. 6. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 5 T Weight( g)

Inillal pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron > Potassium & Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zlrconlum Mercu$ Blk Blk Blk 12 HG 10 HG I 1 HG I 10 16 7 .

4.63 nr nr 4,65 nr nr : 0,003 c 0.003< 0.003 : 0,030< 0.030< 0.030 < 0.010 c (). 010 c 0,010 < tJ, r) 2rl < 0.020 < 0.020 < O, ol) l c 0,001 0,001 0.001 0.001 0.001 c 0.040" c 0,040 < 0,040 c 0,001 < 0.001 < 0$ 001 <(). 005 c (), 005 < 0,005 <().( jrJ4 < 0.004 < 0,004 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 1.529 0.304 1.490 < 0,020 c 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0,001 1178 1156 1214 c 0.004 c 0.004 c 0.004 c 13. fJrJ7c (). rJl) 7 c 0,007 < 0,010 c 0,010< 0,010 < 0.010 c (), 010 c 0,010 0.589 0.557 0.554 < 0.001 < 0.001 c 0! 001 < 13.130 cr). 130 < 0.130 < 0,001 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0,008 < 0.008 < 0.008 <(). 050 ().() 57 0.079 < 0.010 c 0,010 c 0! 010 0.009 0.011 0.018 0,015 c 0.010< 0.010 0.838 c 0.050 0.469 5.00 5! 00 5.00 4.69 4.60 4.77 : 0.003< 0,003 < 0.003 0,223 0.252 0.199 < 0$ 010< 0.010 < 0.010 c 0.020c 0.020 c 0.020 0.001 0,001 < 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.668 0.147 0.093 < 0.001< 0! 001 < 0.001 < t).( yJ5< ()# rJo5< (), 0() 5 2,954 4.382 2. W < 0.050 c 0.050 c 0,05C 1.167 2.346 1.045 < 0.020< 0.020 < 0.02C c (), 001 < 0.001 < 0.001 1214 1209 1206 < 0.004 c (), 004 c 0.004 < 0.007< 0.007 c 0.007 < 0.010< 0.010 < O. olc < (), l) lr) < (), 010 c O, olc 0.606 0.558 0.554 < 0.001< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.130< 0,130 < 0,13C < O.( JI) I< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.008 c 0,008 c ( MOE 0.077< 0.050 < 0.05C < 0.010< 0.010 CO. olc 0.012 0.014 0.011 < O. OI( J 0,014 c 0,01(

3393 4584 3960 ` Results in micrograms per liter. Lanl 4 Lanl 5 Lanl 7 12.22 9.80 11.06 4.63 4.63 4.63 4,60 4.60 4.62 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.639 0.539 0.764 0.050 < 0! 050 < 0.050 0.100 < 0.100 < 0! 100 0.033 0.024 0.029 0.009 0.009 0.009 1109 842 1006 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.025 < 0,025 < 0.025 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 7,680 7.202 8,123 4.716 4.209 4.212 2.462 1.805 1.968 0.192 0.107 0.128 1525 1516 1505 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 : 0.035 c 0,035 < 0.035 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 : 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 19.302 14.075 17.13i 0.335 0.232 0.293 ~ 0.650 c 0,650 c 0.650 0.006 c 0.005 0.006 : 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 : 0.250 c 0.250 < 0.250 : 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.472 0.565 0.340 0.055 < 0.050 < 0.050 47.5 60.0 54.5 Fern 13 Fern 14 Fern OR OR OR 26.92 36.77 19.6 [ 6.90 10.86 8.51 4.63 4.63 I 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 5.09 7.63 5.21 5.49 5,57 5.41 0,005 < 0.005 < 0,005 c 0,013 < 0,013 < 0,013 0.080 c 0,060 < 00060 0.200 0.206 0.246 0.027 0.031 < 0,020 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.040 < 0.040 < 0,040 c 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 0.052 0.074 0,038 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.007 3061 4447 2431 4.433 5.722 5.961 0! 002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.010 < 0,010 < 0,010 c 0.025 c 0,025 < 0,025 0.008 0.011 c 0.008 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 1,313 < 0.100 i. 527 c 0.250 < 0.250 < 0,250 5.121 8,423 4,270 2.068 1.867 2.973 13.379 1.471 9.981 459 566 501 0.031 < 0.002 04019 0.024 0.030 0,022 1380 1394 1373 1549 1625 1594 0,008 < 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.020 < 0,020 c 0.020 0,014 < 0.014 < 0,014 < 0.035 c 0.035 < 0.035 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.050 c 0.050 < 0.050 0.020 c 0.020 c 0,020 < 0.050 c 0.050 c 0.050 11.606 13.906 8.045 0.824 0.785 0.773 1.449 2.094 1.048 0.011 0.016 0.015 0,260 < 0.260 c 0,260 < 0.650 < 0.650 < 0.650 0,016 0.023 0.014 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0,016 c 0.016 c 0,016 c 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.105 0.119 0.140 < 0.250 < 0.250 c 0.250 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.050 c 0,050 < 0.050 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 187.9 156.8 156.0 0.043 0.046 0.032 0.167 0.178 0.158 32,2 10.30 42.4 I 97.5 102.9 125.1 ID ID lD 7.85 3.80 5.29 4.63 4.63 5.00 5.78 5,11 5,74 0,005< 0.005 < 0,005 0.060< 0.060 < 0.060 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.087 c 0.040 < 0.040 0.024 0.021 0,017 0.003 0.003 0.003 18,96 9.77 14,79 0.002< 0.002 < 0.002 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.006 c 0.008 c 0.006 0.451 0.222 < 0.100 4.279 5.658 2.735 727 534 345 0,002 0.015 0.006 2035 1680 1820 0,008 c 0.006 < 0,006 0.014< 0,014 < 0.014 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 1.053 1.093 1.318 0.081 0.040 0.059 0,260< 0.260 c 0.260 0.002 0.002 < 0+ 002 0.016 c 0.016 c 0.016 0.100< 0,100 c 0.100 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 61.20 87.57 62.67 0.086 0.098 0.070 124. 438.8 135.3 Table A. 7. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 7 r Welghl( g) lnltlal pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Berylllum Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron > Potassium & Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selanlum Antimony Sllkxm Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thalllum Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zlrconlum Blk 7 Blk 8 Blk 9 .

nr nr 7.55 nr nr 5.63 c 1). r) 03 < rj. or) 3 < (). 003 0,053 0.044 0,047 c 0.010 c 0,010 < 0.010 <(). 020 c (),() 20 < 0.020 <(),() 01 < 0.001 < 0.001 0,001 0.001 0.001 0.526 < 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0.001 c 0.005 < 0,005 < 0.005 c 0,004 0,005 < 0.004 < o. 05r) c 0,050 c 0,050 0.114 0.067 3.115 0,029 c 0,020 < 0.020 < O, r) ol c (),()() 1 < 0.001 0,144 < 0,060 c 0.060 < ().() 04 c (), 004 c 0.004 < 0,007 < 0,007 < 0.007 < (), olr) < O. r) lo < 0,010 < ().() 10 < 0,010 c 0,010 0.491 0.506 0.480 < (),() 01 < r), ool < 0.001 < 0,130 < 0,130 < 0.130 < o, r) ol c 0,001 < 0,001 < 0.008 c 0,008 < 0,008 < 0.050 0,065 < 0.050 c 0.010 0,010 < 0,010 0.018 0.006 c 0.005 <().() 10 <(), 010 c 0.010 < 0,05 c 0,05 0.1( . . HG 4 HG 5 HG 6 18 10 14 7.87 7.87 7.87 6,23 6.08 6.35 0,003c 0.003 c 0.003 0.060 0.056 0.049 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.001< 0.001 < 0.001 0,001" 0.001 0.001 0.040 0.083 < 0.040 0,001< 0.001 < 0.001 0.005< 0.005 < 0.005 0,719 0.713 0.694 0.050< 0.050 < 0.050 1.021 0.874 1.393 : 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 : 0.001c 0.001 < 0! 001 0.102 0.117 0.071 0.004< 0.004 c 0.004 : 0.007< 0.007 < 0.007 0,012< 0.010 < 0,010 : 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.454 0.473 0.496 : 0.001< 0.001 < 0.001 : 0.130< 0.130 < 0.130 : 0,001< 0.001 < 0.001 : 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 ~ 0.050 0.069 0.070 : 0,010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.008 0.011 0,011 : 0.010c 0.010 < 0.010 3290 1947 2979 . . Lanl 6 Lanl 8 Lanl 9 11.06 12,36 11.27 7.55 7.55 7.55 8.57 5.86 5.80 : 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.243 0,210 0.168 : 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 : 0,100 < 0.100 c 0.100 0.020 0.021 0.026 0.009 0.009 0.006 885 970 923 : 0,005 < 0$ 005 c 0.005 < 0,025 c 0.025 < 0.025 <().() 2() c 0.020 < 0,020 c 0,250 C 0,250 c 0.250 3.641 2,943 2.848 0.776 0.642 0.828 0,007 c 0.006 0.006 7.03 7,72 6,93 <(),() 20 c 0.020 < 0.020 <(). 035 <' 0.035 < 0.035 < 0,050 < rJ. 05r) c 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 c 0.060 14.047 16,149 14.24 0,263 0.297 0.286 Co, 650 < 0,650 < 0,650 < 0,005 0.008 0,006 < 0,040 c 0.040 c 0.040 c 0,250 c 0,250 c 0,250 <(), 050 c (). 050 < 0,050 c o. 025 c 0,025 C0.025 < 0.050 c 0,050 c 0,050 10.00 7.46 4.85 Fern 16 Fern 17 Fern 1 16.59 24.74 24.86 7.55 7.55 7.55 8.63 9.10 9.14 0.005 c 0.005 0.029 0,100 0,062 0.319 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.021 0.029 0.015 0.003 0.003 0.004 2141 2973 5004 0.002 < 0! 002 < 0.002 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.006 < 0,008 0.132 0,100 < 0.100 < 0.100 3,803 4.098 6.155 0.225 0.294 1.152 0.002 < 0.002 0.011 26,4 43.4 60.6 0,008 c 0,008 0,073 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 c 0! 020 < 0.020 0.020 c 0.020 0.132 4.865 6.164 6.092 0.815 1.302 1.948 0.260 < 0.260 c 0,260 0.011 0,016 0.012 0.016 c 0.016 c 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.030 0.022 0.462 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.051 0,055 0! 554 79.72 79.72 59.70 OR 13 OR OR I! 5.93 3.94 6.51 7.55 7.55 7.55 10.20 10.60 10.28 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.369 0,339 0,378 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.100 < 0.100 0.114 0.005 c 0.005 < 0,005 0.006 0.007 0.007 1.376 1,063 1,431 0.005 < 0,005 < 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0,025 : 0.020 < 0$ 020 c 0,020 0.250 c 0.250 < 0.250 1.308 1.299 1.284 33.306 8,777 23,30 0.006 c 0.006 c 0.006 111.6 70.9 117.5 : 0.020 c 0.020 c 0.020 : 0.035 c 0.035 c 0,035 : 0.050 < 0,050 < 0,050 0.050 c 0,050 < 0,050 0.745 0,709 0.729 : 0.005 c 0,005 c 0.005 ~ 0.650 < 0.650 c 0,650 : 0.005 c 0,005 c 0,005 : 0.040 < 0.040 c 0.040 ~ 0.250 c 0,250 c 0,250 0.050 c 0,050 < 0.050 0.701 0,227 0,107 0.050 < 0,050 c 0.050 35.70 12.00 16.80 ID II ID lD 6.16 4.19 4.50 7.55 7.55 7.55 10.35 10.49 10.20 0$ 005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.060 0,093 0,066 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 1.215 0.517 0.425 0.014 0,011 0,011 0.003 0.003 0.003 5.805 3.826 4.503 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.006 < 0.006 c 0.006 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 3.456 1.978 3,171 24,675 15.410 23.75~

0.002 < 0.002 < 0,002 669 444 550 0.006 c 0.008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0,014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 1.008 0.762 0.847 0.031 0.022 0.024 0,260 c 0.260 c 0.260 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.016 c 0.016 c 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.111 0.073 0.152 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 6.22 6.38 19.33 " Results in micrograms per liter. Table A. 8. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 1 month   pH 12,5 r Weight( g)

Initial pH Final pH Sliver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Potassium Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zlrconlum Mercutya a I Blk 4 Blk 5 Blk[ .

nr nr 12,! X nr nr 12. Z : 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 0.047 0! 053 0,049 : 0,010 < 0.010 < 0,010 : 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,012 0,012 0.012 0. OO1 0. OO1 0.001 1192 1175 1179 : 0.001 < 0.001 c 0! 001 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.010 0,011 : 0,050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.139 0.160 1.314 : 0.020 0.026 c 0.020 : 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.550 0.553 0.555 : 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 : 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 : 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010 : 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.607 0.566 0.904 0.719 0.718 0.744 : 0.130 < 0.130 < 0,130 0.005 0.005 0.005 : 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 0,073 0.057 < 0.050 0.010 < 0.010 < 0,010 0.007 0.007 0.009 : 0,010 < 0.010 0.011 : 0.05 < 0,05 0.32 HG 7 HG 8 HG!

12.53 12.53 12.5 12006 12.39 12.3!

: 0,003 < 0.003 < 0,003 0,057 0.060 0.059 0.011 < 0.010 < 0.010 : 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0.013 0! 014 0.015 0,001 0,001 0.001 1223 1237 1244 f0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.014 0.015 0.018 0,405 0,415 0.320 : 0,050 < 0,050 < 0.050 1.087 1.096 1,221 : 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,001 < 0,001 < 0.001 0,611 0.612 0.649 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 0.007 < 0! 007 < 0.007 0,010 < 0,010 < 0,010 0.010 < 0! 010 ~ 0! 010 0.897 0.927 0.902 0.776 0,825 0.855 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.130 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.067 0.069 00071 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.010 < 0,010 < 0! 010 6398 6989 6398 Lanl 1 Lanl. 2 Lard< 7,51 9.79 9,9[

12.68 12,68 12.6[

12.55 12,17 11.8{

0.015 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.150 0.285 0,272 0.050 < 0.050 c 0.050 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.053 0.069 0.064 0,007 0.009 0.009 1886 1568 1437 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0.020 0.076 0.023 0.250 < 0.250 < 0.250 3,001 4.368 4,379 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.008 c 0.006 < 0.006 5.727 7.622 7.864 0.020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.035 < 0.035 < 0.035 0.050 < 0,050 < 0.050 0,050 < 0.050 < 0.050 1.763 1.170 1.429 1.234 1.178 1.138 0.650 C 0.650 c 0,650 0.013 0.009 0.008 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.250 < 0.250 c 0.250 0.050 c 0.050 < 0.050 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0,050 < 0.050 < 0.050 4.6 4.8 8.2 Fern 10 Fern 1 1 Fern 14.74 18.54 19.3 12.68 12.66 12.6 12.40 12.43 12.3 0.029 c 0,005 c 0,005 0.212 0.154 0.118 : 0,020 0,021 0,022 : 0,040 < 0.040 c 0.040 0.024 0.042 0.042 0,003 0.004 0.003 6343 4248 4621 : 0.002 c 0.002 c 0.002 : 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.128 0.021 0.023 ` 0.100 < 0! 100 < 0.100 6.4j9 3.635 3.560 0.736 0.115 0.114 0.009 < 0.002 < 0,002 37,38 32.152 35.78 0.057 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.014.< 0.014 < 0.014 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,101 < 0.020 < 0.020 2,692 2,133 2,151 3.030 2.462 2.570 0.260 < 0,260 < 0.260 0.026 0.021 0,024 0.016 < 0,016 c 0,016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 0.354 0.028 0.035 0.010 c 0.010 c 0.010 0.353 0.054 0,055 25 43.7 57.5 ! OR OR 20 OR 5,62 6.44 7,8:

12,53 12,53 12.! X 12.27 12.19 12.2[

: 0.013 < 0,013 < 0,013 0,383 0.341 0.374 : 0.050 < 0,050 c 0.050 0.178 0.201 0.235 0.011 0,010 0.010 0.007 0,007 0.007 525 568 591 : 0.005 c 0.005 < 0.005 : 0.025 < 0,025 < 0.025 : 0.020 c 0,020 < 0.020 : 0,250 c 0.250 c 0.250 2.362 2,607 1.994 0.122 < 0.100 < 0,100 : 0.006 c 00006 < 0.006 106.6 114.2 147.2 : 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 : 0.035 c 0,035 c 0.035 : 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,050 : 0.050 < 0,050 c 0,050 1.118 1,142 j, 383 0,469 0,441 0.449 : 0.650 c 0.650 c 0,650 : 0.005 < 0.005 0.005 : 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 : 0,250 < 0.250 < 0.250 : 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 1.762 1.756 1.574 : 0.050 < 0,050 c 0.050 47.0 102,3 94,3 ID 13 ID 14 ID 14 5.34 5.50 4, e 12,53 12,53 12# f 12.15 12.22 12.2 0,005 < 0.005 < 0! 005 0.060 0.069 c 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 1.402 1.239 1.337 0.033 0,037 0.033 0.003 0.003 0.003 643 498 479 0.002 < 0,002 c 0.002 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0,008 c 0.008 c 0,008 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 4.220 5.913 3.101 0.169 0.111 cO. 040 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,002 512 523 436 0.008 < 0.008 c 0,008 0,014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 1,052 0.965 1.319 0.568 0.574 0,552 0.260 c 0.260 c 0.260 0.004 0.003 0,003 0.016 < 0.016 c 0,016 0.1OO < 0.100 < 0,100 0.024 c 0.020 c 0.020 1.302 1.121 1.605 0.033 0.032 c 0.020 65.5 131.2 13.9 xults in micrograms per liter. Table A. 9. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 3 Inllial pH Final pH Silver Alumlnum Arsenic Boron Barium Berylllum Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron * Potassium ~ Magnesium `' Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenlum Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tllanlum Thalllum Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zlrconlum Blk M Blk N Blk O 2,85 3,05 3.05 2.81 2.87 2.88 < 0,003, < r), oo3 c (),() r) 3 0.040 0.073 0.088 <(). l) fo < ().() 10 < o, olrJ < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,001 < OOor) l < O, or) f 0.001 0.002 0.002 < r),( J40 (), 17( 3 < (),() 40 < 0.001 c 0,001 c 0,001 <().() 05 < (). 005 < 0,005 < 0,004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 5,817 5.072 4.81 < 0.020" < (). 02() < O, r) so < r). r) ol < 0.001 < O, or) l 0.070 0.073 < 0.060 <(),() 04 < (). r)() 4 < cl, r) r) 4 <(),() 1) 7< (). 0() 7 < 0.( 307 0,023 0.029 0,028 < 0,010 c 0.010 < 0.010 0,539 0.537 0.563 < r), or) l c 0.001 c 0.001 < r), 130 < r3.430 c 0.130 < O, ol) l 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 `= 0,050 0.054 < 0.050 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.008 0.005 0.007 < 0,010 c (), 010 < 0,010 < rJ. 050 < 0.050 c 0.050 HG 14 HG 17 HG 1[ 4.91 5.92 5.04 3.05 2.85 2,85 2.94 2.89 2.81 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.506 0.484 0.423 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.100 < 0.100 < O. lOO 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0,012 0,012 0.011 0.397 < 0,200 c 0.200 0,005 < 0,005 c 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 1.075 1.276 1.108 0.250 < 0.250 c 0.250 4.831 4.676 4,266 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0,006 c 0.006 c 0.006 0.303 < 0.300 < 0,300 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,035 c 0.035 < 0,035 0,101 0.093 0.082 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,050 0,461 0.449 0,468 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.650 c 0.650 c 0.650 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.250 < 0.250 < 0.250 0.050 < 0,050 < 0.050 0.025 < 0; 025 c 0.025 0! 050 < 0,050 < 0.050 113 729 769 ~ ` Results in micrograms per liter, LANL LANL LANL Fern 37 Fern 38 Fern. 3   . ..     . ..   14.44 12.94 ; 4; 00 3,05 3.05 3.05 3.79 3.76 3.74 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 7.709 6,011 7.035 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.1OO < 0.100 < 0.100 0.041 0.037 0.039 0.014 0.014 0.014 1330 1160 1258 0! 005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.035 0.025 0.026 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 19.95 16.06 23.40 9.32 6.868 11,19 3.499 2.988 3,181 0.212 0,196 0.477 10.99 9.167 10.46 0,028 0.026 0.026 0,035 < 0.035 < 0.035 0.071 0.078 0.066 0.050 c 0.050 < 0,050 31.23 27.07 28,81 0.423 0.351 0.400 0,650 c 0.650 c 0.650 0,007 0.007 0,007 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.250 c 0.250 c 0.250 0.050 c 0.050 < 0.050 0.116 0.280 0.112 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.050 < 0,050 `= 0.050 . .., ..  . . ... . 14.37 13.26 17,41 3.05 3.05 3.05 4.50 4.56 4.69 0.013 < 0,013 < 0,013 0.211 c 0.150 0.238 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0.100 < 0,100 < 0.100 0.024 0,022 0,036 0.003 < 0.003 0.003 2036 1696 2251 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0.028 < 0.020 0.027 1.607 1.369 1.865 6.717 7.219 6.88 8,741 6.260 10,67 0.030 0.026 0.031 23.55 23,25 29.94 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.035 c 0.035 < 0.035 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,050 0.050 < 0.050 < 0,050 6.737 6.144 8.195 0.579 0.544 0,722 0.650 < 0.650 < 0.650 0.014 0.013 0,015 0.040 c 0.040 c 0.040 0,322 0,326 0.361 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 0,070 0,187 0.523 0.050 < 0.050 c 0.050 1.800 6.300 7.000 OR 26 OR 29 OR 3( 6,26 9.26 16.63 3.05 3.05 3.05 5.72 5.80 7.42 c 0,013 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.309 0.273 0.229 < o, r) 50 < o, 05r3 < o, r350 0.348 0.282 0,248 c 0.005 c 0.005 < 0.005 0.007 0,007 0.007 3.95 5.11 7.84 < r). olj5 < rJ.( rrJ5 < 0.005 c o, o25 c 0.025 c 0,025 c 0,020 c 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,250 c o, 250 c 0,250 5.669 5.642 9.714 700 751 1000 0.186 0.175 0.159 155 163 331 < O. r) zo < (). r) zt) < ()+() 2( J c 0,035 < 0.035 < 0.035 < 0.050 c 0,050 < 0.050 < o, rJ51J < (), 05() < (),() 50 0.867 0.799 0.391 0,012 0.015 0.022 < 0.650 < 0.650 < 0.650 < 0,005 < (). 005 < & r) 05 c (), 040 c 0.040 < 0.040 c o, 250 c o, 25rJ < 0,250 < (). 050 < 0,050 c 0.050 245.9 241.3 113,7 0.229 0,209 0.121 2,100 9,600 1,500 ID ID lD 5.44 6.38 4.32 3.05 2.85 2,85 5.56 6,05 5.44 0.013 < 0.013< 0.013 0.212 < 0.150 0.236 0,050 < 0,050 c 0.050 0.585 0.747 0.733 0.023 0.028 0,026 0.004 0,004 0.005 15.80 15.67 13.12 0.005 < 0.005< 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0,020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0.250 0,549 0.299 6.137 6.868 10.24[ 925 1255 1070 0.146 0.149 0.160 644 746 514 0.020 < 0.020< 0,020 0.035 < 0,035< 0.035 0.050 c 0.050< 0.050 0! 050 < 0.050< 0.050 1.264 0.566 1.171 0.084 0.063 0,055 0.650 < 0.650< 0,650 0.005 < 0.005< 0,005 0.040 c 0,040 c 0.040 0.250 < 0.250< 0.250 0.050 < 0,050< 0,050 179.0 224.3 233,6 .0.149 0.198 0,219 618.0 49,5 11,0 Table A. 1O. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 5 Weight( g) initial pH Final pH Silver Alumlnum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron ? Potassium G Magnealum Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Sllkxn Strontium Thorium Titanium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Mercury' Blk S Blk T Blk Ul HG M HG N HG O m: 0,003 c 0,003 c 0,003 < 0+ 013< 0,013< 0,013 : 0.030< 0,030< 0.030 0.752 0.628 0,597 : 0,010 c 0,010 c 0,010 < 0.050< 0,050 c 0.050 : 0.020 c 0,020< 0.020 < 0.100< 0,100 c 0,100 0.001< 0.001 c 0.001 c 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.012 0.012 0.012 0,081 c 0.040 c 0,040 0,268 c 0.200< 0.200 : 0.001< 0,001< 0.001 < 0.005 c 0,005 c 0.005 : 0.005 c 0.005< 0.005 < 0,025 c 0,025< 0,025 c 0.004< 0,004 c 0.004 4.399 3.614 2,816 : 0.050< 0,050 c 0.050 < 0.250< 0,250< 0,250 5.698 5.427 5.859 4.496 4.390 12.65 : 0.020< 0.020 c 0.020 c 0,100< 0,100 c 0,100 : 0.001 c 0.001< 0.001 < 0,006< 0,006< 0,006 1226 1125 1116 1500 1466 1479 : 0.004 c 0.004< 0.004 < 0.020< 0,020< 0,020 : 0,007 c 0,007 == 0,007 < 0.035< 0,035< 0,035 : 0.010< 0,010< 0.010 0.051 c 0.050 0.056 : 0,010< 0,010< 0.010 < 0,050< 0,050< 0,050 0.560 0,488 0,507 0,449 0.434 0,418 : 0.001 c 0.001< 0.001 < 0,005< 0,005< 0,005 : 0,130 c 0.130< 0,130 < 0.650< 0,650< 0.650 0,001< 0.001< 0.001 c 0,005< 0.005< 0.005 : 0,006< 0,008 c 0,008 c 0,040< 0,040 c 0.040 : 0.050 0.054< 0.050 < 0.250< 0,250 c 0.250 : 0.010< 0.010 c 0,010 < 0.050 c 0,050 c 0.050 0.011 0.006 0.005 < 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 : 0,010< 0,010< 0,010 < 0,050< 0,050< 0,050 0.145 0.104 0.072 3876 2985 2473 Lanl 19 Lanl 20 Lanl 21 Fern 28 Fern 29 Fern 30 OR OR 36 OR 3!

13.15 11.17 13.64 4,89 4.89 4.89 5.00 5.07 5.12 : 0,013 c 0,013< 0,013 0.744 0.847 0,678 : 0,050 c 0.050< 0.050 : 0,100 c 0,100 c 0,100 0.037 0,029 0.039 0.013 0.013 0,013 1194 994 1277 : 0.005 c 0.005< 0.005 : 0.025< 0.025 c 0.025 : 0.020< 0.020< 0,020 5.706 4.704 6,270 12.06 10.87 11.57 2.485 1.949 3.031 0.143 0.107 0.181 1323 1360 1340 0.021 c 0.020 0.023 : 0,035< 0,035< 0,035 : 0,050< 0.050< 0,050 : 0.050< 0.050< 0,050 22.57 19.72 27.4,9 0.339 0.254 0.368 : 0.650< 0.850< 0,650 0.006 0.005 0.007 : 0! 040 < 0.040< 0.040 : 0.250 c 0.250 c 0,250 : 0.050< 0.050 c 0,050 0.250 1,478 2,178 : 0.050< 0.050< 0.050 58.0 63.20 89.60 19.75 20.58 17,67 9.12 7.15 9.15 4.69 4.89 4.69 4.89 4,89 4,89 7.28 8.58 6,43 6.66 6.03 7,50 : 0,013 < 0,013< 0.013 c 0,013 c 0.013 < 0,013 : 0.150 c (), 150 c 0.150 < 0,150< 0,150 < 0,150 : 0.050 < 0,050< 0,050 c 0,050< 0.050 < 0.050 : 0,100 < 0,100< (). 1() 0 < 0,100< 0,100 < 0,100 0.036 0.044 0.031 c 0,005 c 0.005 c 0.005 : 0.003 c 0.003 c 0.003 0.008 0,008 0.008 2360 2514 2157 5.882 3,39 4.8~ 1 ~ 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 < 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 ~ 0.025 c 0.02! 5 c 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0.032 0.036 0.023 c 0,020< 0,020 c 0! 020 ~ 0,250 c 0,250< 0.250 c 0.250 c 0.250 c 0,250 13.99 7,44 7.56 8.04 8.75 5,80 1.790 0.633 6.93 411 339 421 0.053 < 0,006 0,012 0,119 0,123 0.121 1468 1476 1445 1501 1449 1481 0,020 c 0,020< 0.020 c 0,020< 0.020 c (), 020 0.035 < 0,035< 0.035 c 0,035< 0.035 c ().() 35 0.050 < 0,050 c 0.050 < 0,050< 0,050 < 0.050 0.050 < 0,050< 0.050 c 0,050 c 0,050 c (), 050 8.577 8.726 7.892 0.428 0.413 0,496 0.786 0.847 0.719 0,018 0.011 0.015 0.650 c 0.650< 0.650 c 0,650< 0.650 c 0.650 0.014 0,014 0.013 < 0.005< 0.005 c 0.005 0.042 0.064< 0.040 < 0,040< 0.040 c 0,040 0.277 c 0,250 0.304 C 0.250 C 0,250 < 0.250 0.050 < 0.050 c 0.050 c 0.050 c 0,050 c 0.050 0.025 0.050 0.103 44.67 105.6 50.96 0! 050 0.067 C 0.050 0,060 0,089 0.066 205 13 157 50.50 46.30 6.00 ID 17 10 18 ID 19A 6.37 6.26 6.02 4.89 4.63 4.63 10.06 6.68 5.95 0.013 < 0.013< 0.013 0.150 c 0.150< 0.150 0,050 < 0.050< 0.050 0.171 0.229< 0.100 0.025 0.027 0,025 0,003 0.003 0! 003 14.04 16.21 15.50 0.005 < 0.005< 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0.020 < 0.020< 0.020 0.250 c 0.250< 0.250 6.41 7,18 7.84 420 718 623 0.109 0.118 0.120 1957 2164 2117 0.020 c 0.020< 0,020 0.035 < 0,035< 0,035 0.050 < 0,050< 0,050 0.050 < 0.050< 0,050 0.489 1.075 0.672 0.064 0.073 0.074 0.650 < 0.650< 0.650 0.005 < 0.005< 0.005 0.040 < 0.040< 0.040 0.250 < 0.250 c 0,250 0.050 < 0,050< 0,050 0.09 75.69 98,29 0.050 0.079 0.106 34.5 136 104 aResults in micrograms per liter. Table A. Il. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 7 Weight( g) Initial pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Potassium ~ Magnesium Manganese G Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Sillcon Strontium Thorium Titanium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Mercurya Blk P Blk Q Blk R 7.55 7.55 8,08 7.60 5.78 5.94 0.003< 0.003< 0.003 0.074 0.065 0.066 0.010< 0.010< 0.010 0.020< 0.020< 0.020 0.001< 0.001< 0,001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.040< 0.040 c 0.040 0.001< 0.001< 0,001 0.005< 0.005< 0,005 0.004< 0.004< 0.004 0,050< 0.050< 0.050 4.612 5.204 6.054 0.020< 0,020< 0.020 0.001< 0.001< 0.001 0.060< 0.060 c 0.060 0.004< 0.004< 0.004 0.007< 0.007< 0.007 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.010< 0.010< 0.010 0.507 0.498 0.467 0.001< 0.001< 0.001 0.130< 0.130< 0.130 0.001< 0,001< 0,001 00008< 0.006< 0.008 0.055< 0.050 0.059 0! 010 < 0$ 010< 0.010 0.005< 0.005 0.005 0.010< 0.010< 0.010 0.050< 04050< 0.050 HG P HG Q HG R 13.00 6.00 8.00 7.55 7.55 7.55 7.13 6.83 6,89 : 0,013< 0,013 c 0.013 0.481 0,446 0,466 : 0.050 c 0,050 c 0,050 : 0,100< 0$ 100 c 0,100 : 0.005< 0.005< 0.005 0.012 0.012 0.012 c 0.200< 0.200< 0.200 c 0.005< 0.005< 0.005 : 0.025< 0.025< 0,025 0.638 0.469 0.549 < 0.250< 0.250< 0.250 11.93 6.782 4.190 : 0,100< 0.100< 0.100 : 0.006 c 0.006 c 0.006 0.641< 0.300 c 0,300 c 0,020< 0.020< 0,020 < 0.035< 0.035< 0.035 0.079 0.066 0.073 : 0.050 c 0.050 c 0,050 0.437 0.444 0.446 < 0! 005 < 0! 005 < 0.005 : 0,650 c 0,650 c 0,650 : 0,005 c 0.005 c 0,005 c 0,040< 0,040 c 0,040 C0.250 c 0.250< 0.250 : 0.050< 0.050< 0.050 : 0,025 c 0,025< 0,025 : 0.050< 0,050 c 0,050 3107 203 803 Lanl 32 Lanl 33 Lanl 34 Fern 40 Fern 41 Fern 42 OR 40 OR 41 OR 42 ID 26 ID 27 ID 30 19.31 14.65 23,92 8.06 8,06 8.06 7.44 7.25 6,51 0.013< 0.013 c 0.013 0.319 0,256 0.536 0,050< 0! 050 < 0,050 0,100< 0,100 = 0.100 0.040 0.023 0.040 0.006 0.006 0.013 1628 1044 1770 0.005< 0.005 ~ 0.005 : 0.025< 0.025 c 0.025 : 0.020< 0.020 0.026 ~ 0.250< 0.250 c 0.250 9,380 7,49 10.44 1.643 0.879 1.545 0.122 0.129 0.011 ` t3.45 8.15 14.8 0,020< 0.020 c 0.020 0.035< 0,035 < 0.035 : 0.050 c 0.050 0.065 0.050 c 0.050 == 0,050 29,38 14,05 22.69 0,572 0.320 0.608 0.650 c 0,650 c 0.650 0.007< 0.005 0.009 0,040< 0.040 c 0.040 0.250< 0.250 C 0.250 0.050 c 0,050 < 0,050 0.025 0.227 c 0.025 0.050 c 0,050 c 0.050 0,930 1,900 153,0 14.84 19.31 27.06 8,06 8,06 8.06 7,90 9,35 9.77 0.013< 0.013 0.022 `

0.150 0,266 0.151 0.050 0,069< 0.050 0.100< 0,100< 0.100 0.025 0.030 0.043 0.003 0.004 0,005 1970 2647 4010 : 0.005< 0.005 c 0.005 ~ 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 0,037 0,050 0.075 ~ 0,250 c 0,250 c 0.250 9.318 12.31 7.298 00517 0,347 0.803 0.006< 0,006 c 0.006 28,34 38,18 53.53 ~ 0.020< 0.020 0,025 : 0.035< 0.035< 0,035 : 0.050< 0.050< 0.050 0.050 c 0.050< 0.050 6,853 9.210 10,60 0,572 0.633 1,353 0.650< 0.650 c 0.650 0.011 0.014 0.017 0.114 0.071 0.159 0.250 c 0,250< 0.250 0.066 0.056 0.154 0.053 0.026 0.061 0,062 0,064 0.118 48.7 95,2 599 8.83 7.14 8.34 8.06 8.06 8.06 10.73 10.70 10.71 0; 013 < 0.013 < 0.013 0.289 0.270 0.256 0.050< 0.050 < 0,050 0.156 0.155 0.136 0.005< 0.005 < 0,005 0.008 0.009 0.009 1.670 1.143 1.396 0,005< 0.005 < 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 cO. 025 : 0.020 c 0,020 < 0,020 ~ 0.250< 0.250 c0,250 7.131 5.508 13,70 17.01 16,44 16,03 0.118 0.117 0,116 178 124 163 0.020< 0,020 < 0.020 0.035< 0.035 < 0,035 0,050 c 0.050 CO.( J50 0.050 c 0,050 < 0,050 0.389 0,363 0,438 0.005< 0.005 < 0,005 0.650< 0,650 < 0,650 0.005< 0.005 < 0,005 0.040< 0.040 < 0,040 0.250< 0.250 < 0,250 0.050< 0.050 < 0.050 0,167 0,144 0,244 0.050< 0,050 < 0.050 0.050< 0,050 < 0.050 12.15 12.33 21.36 8.06 6.06 8.06 10.74 10.66 10.53 0.013< 0.013< 0.013 0.150< 0.150< 0.150 0.050< 0.050< 0.050 1.027 1.100 0.973 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.005 0.005 0.006 6.907 6.772 9.372 0.005 c 0,005 c 0.005 0.025 c 0.025 c 0.025 (). 020< 0,020< 0.020 0.250< 0.250< 0.250 8.091 9.21 11.52 22,98 29.71 52,55 0.111 0.111 0.106 1545 1430 2621 0.020< 0.020< 0.020 0.035< 0.035< 0.035 0.050< 0,050 c 0.050 0.050< 0.050< 0.050 0.834 0.889 0.964 0.051 0,047 0.076 0,650 c 0.650 c 0,650 0.005< 0.005< 0.005 0.040< 0.040 c 0.040 0.250 c 0,250 c 0.250 0.050< 0.050< 0.050 0.241 0.068 0.060 0,050< 0,050 c 0.050 13.70 8.43 10.40 1 I I ` Results in micrograms per liter. I Table A. 12. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 2 months   pH 12.5 Weight( g) Inlllal pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic `

Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Potassium + Magnesium I Manganese c Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Slllcon Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thalllum Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zlrconlum Mercu@ Blk V Blk W Blk X 12.68 12.48 12.48 12.73 12,75 12.74 0,003 c 0.003 c 0.003 0.083 0.094 0.089 0,015< 0.010 < 0.010 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 0,013 0.016 0.016 0.002 0.002 0.002 974 985 981 0.001< 0.001 < 0.001 0.018 0.024 0.022 0.012 0.018 0.015 0.050< 0.050 < 0.050 3.705 19.013 2.722 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 0.001< 0.001 < 0.001 1.009 0.654 0.564 0.004< 0.004 < 0.004 0.007< 0,007 < 0.007 0.010< 0.010 0.011 0.010< 0.010 c 0.010 0.682 0.779 0.822 0.731 0.848 0.854 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.130 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 0.056 0.050 0.065 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 0.005< 0.005 < 0.005 0.010< 0.010 < 0.010 1.354< 0.050 c 0.050 HG. 13 HG 19 HG 21 Lanl 16 Lanl 17 Lanl 18 Fern. 25 Fern 26 Fern 27 OR 23 OR 24 OR 25 ID 15 ID 15A ID 20A 6.10 4.24 13.40 11,20 11,32 17,50 12,68 12.68 12,88 12.48 12,48 12,48 12.74 12.74 12,71 11.77 9.90 10,32 0.022 c 0.013 c 0.013 c 0.013< 0.013 c 0,013 0.498 0.482 0.505 0,566 0.512 0.550 0,050< 0,050 c 0.050 < 0.050 c 0.050 c 0.050 0.100< 0,100 < 0,100 < 0,100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0,012 0.011 0.013 0.074 0.078 0.109 0,012 0.012 0,012 0.012 0.012 0.013 970 974 968 1461 1529 1839 0.005< 0.005 < 0.005 c 0.005 c 0,005 < 0,005 0.025< 0,025 < 0.025 c 0,025< 0,025 < 0.025 0.238 0.128 0.339 0.062 0,025 0.024 0,250 c 0,250 < 0,250 < 0,250< 0,250 c 0.250 3.610 3,885 4.336 9,258 9.974 10.39 0.100< 0,100 c 0.100 < 0,100 < 0,100 0,135 0,006 c 0.006 c 0.006 c 0.006 c 0,006 c 0.006 0,629 0.462 0.458 8.287 8.046 11.80 0.020< 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.035 ~ 0,035 < 0,035 < 0,035< 0.035 < 0.035 0.095 0.079 0,073 0.069 0.069 0.081 0.050< 0.050 < 0,050 c 0,050< 0.050 c (). 050 0.850 0,554 0.855 1,925 3.923 7,914 0.487 0,498 0,513 1,010 1.021 1.224 0.650< 0.650 c 0.650 c 0,650< 0.650 < 0,650 0.006 0.006 < 0.005 0.008 0,008 0,009 0,040< 0.040 < 0,040 < 0,040 c 0.040 c 0.040 0,250 c 0,250 < 0,250 c 0,250 c 0,250 c 0.250 0,050< 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050< 0.050 c 0.050 0,025< 0,025 < 0.025 c 0,025 c 0,025 c 0,025 0,050< 0.050 < 0,050 c 0,050 c 0.050 < 0.050 6791 6499 311 8,00 15.00 15.50 19.51 23.31 19,99 12.48 12.48 12.48 10.30 10.22 10.29 0,013 0.051 0.017 0,410 0.281 c 0.150 0,050 c 0.050 c 0.050 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.039 0.040 0,037 0.006 c 0.003 c 0,003 4544 4821 4477 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 0.025 0.048 c 0,025 0.077 0.108 0,102 0.250 < 0.250 < 0,250 27.96 8.375 6.875 0,738 1,154 0,659 0.006 c 0.006 c 0,006 42.90 46.86 38,39 0.033 0.036 0.026 0.035 < 0.035 < 0.035 0,050 c 0.050 c 0,050 0.050 0.061 < 0,050 4.220 5.617 3.552 2.019 2,208 2.001 0.650 c 0.650 c 0.650 0.018 0.021 0,017 0.134 0.145 0.104 0,250 c 0.250 c 0.250 0.163 0.241 0.176 0.037 0.047 0,031 0.224 0.194 0.193 1027 1630 1o11 7.30 8.93 8,73 12,48 12.48 12,48 12.12 12.42 12.21 0,013 < 0.013 < 0; 013 0.271 0.213 0,213 0.050 < 0,050< 0,050 0.244 0.301 0,295 0.016 0,016 0.015 0.007 0.007 0.007 446 709 610 0,005 < 0.005< 0,005 0,025 c 0,025< 0,025 0.020 0.024< 0.020 0,250 < 0,250 c 0,250 10.02 20,92 7.70 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 0.117 0.116 0,115 151 169 185 0.020 < 0,020 c 0.020 0.035 < 0.035< 0.035 0.050 < 0.050< 0! 050 0.050 < 0.050< 0.050 1.194 0.822 0,862 0.668 0,659 0.669 0.650 c 0.650< 0.650 0! 005 < 0,005 c 0,005 0.040 < 0.040< 0.040 0.250 c 0.250 c 0,250 0.050 0,062 c 0,050 1.052 2,404 1.310 0.050 c 0! 050 c 0.050 8.50 22.60 11,60 3,78 6.64 3.89 12.68 12.68 12.48 12.74 12,70 12.72 0.058< 0,013 c 0.013 < 0.150< 0.150 0,156 <( r, 0513< 0.050" < 0,050 1,200 2,115 1,439 0.059 0.053 0.048 0,003 0,003 0.004 1060 1031 1080 < 0,005 c 0.005 c 0.005 < 0.025< 0.025 c 0,025 < 0.020< 0.020 < 0.020 co, 250 c 0.250 c o. 250 6,324 10.258 5.890 < 0,100< (), 1() 0" (), 151 0,113 0.111 0! 113 395 698 480 : 0.020< 0.020 c 0.020 : 0.035< 0.035 < 0.035 : 0.050< 0.050 < 0,050 : 0.050< 0.050 < 0! 050 1.547 1.763 1,600 0,750 0.836 0,845 : 0.650 c 0.650 c 0,650 0,005 0.005 < 0,005 : 0.040< 0.040 c 0.040 : 0.250 c 0.250 c 0,250 : 0.050< 0.050 < 0,050 2,271 2.187 2,486 : 0.050 = 0.050 0,056 839 214 166 ` Results in micrograms per liter, 1 Table A. 13. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 3 Blk G Blk H Blk 1 Weight( g) Initial pH 2.85 3.05 3,05 Final pH 2.77 2.81 2.89 Silver c o. r303 < ().() 03 < 0,003 Aluminum < 0.030 < 0.030 < 0.030 Arsenic < & oltJ c 0,010 < 0,010 Boron < 0,020 c 0.020 c 0,020 Barium < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0.001 Beryllium < (), 001 < 0,001 c 0.001 Calclum < 0.040 c 0,040 < 0,040 Cadmium c 0.001 c 0.001 < 0,001 Chromium < 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 Copper 0.005 < 0.004 < 0.004 Iron < (), 051J c 0.050 < 0,050 Potassium 3.826 3.206 1.61 > Magnesium < 0.020 < 0.020< 0.020 I Manganese < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 G Sodium 1.106 0.363 0.143 Nickel < 0,004 0.005 < 0.004 Lead < 0.007 c 0,007 c 0,007 Selenlum < (). 01() (). 011 < 0.010 Antimony < (),() 10 < 0.010 c (),() 10 Slllcon 0.506 0.047 0.402 strontium < (). 0() 1 c 0,001 < (), 001 Thorium < 00130 < 0,130 c 0.130 Titanium < 0,001 c 0.001 < 0,001 Thalllum < 0,008 < 0,008 < 0.008 Uranium < ().() 50 0,062 0.080 Vanadium < 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.010 Zinc < 0.005 0.009 < 0.005 zirconium c (),() lr) c (). 010 < 0.010 Marcury* 0.426 0,130 00139 HG 2 HG 7 HG 3 4.52 6.81 7,70 2.85 2,85 2.85 2.90 2.92 2.92 : 0.005 < 0.005 0.005 0.060 c 0.060 0.064 : 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 1,168 0.172 2.167 : 0.002 c 0.002 0.002 c 0,001 c 0,001 < 0.001 < 0.080 0.398 0.145 c 0.002 < 0.002 < 0! 002 < 0.010" < 0.010 < O, olc 1.129 1.587 1.872 < 0,100 c 0,100 c O, loc 1.333 1.615 2,24C < 0,040 < 0.040 < 0.04C < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,120 < 0.120 < 0.12C < 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.00&

< 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.022 < 0.020 0.027 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.02C 8.907 0.549 36.31 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.260 0,340 c 0.26(

< 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 f 0.016 c 0.016 c 0.01(

< 0,100 0.138 < 0.10(

< 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.02(

0.013 0.023 0,02{

< 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.02[

3929 4230 4611 LANL 28 LANL 29 LANL 30 Fern 34 Fern 35 Fern 36 OR 46 OR 47 OR 48 ID 21 ID 23 ID 23A 19.15 12.92 12.29 3.05 3.05 3.05 3.92 3.77 3.80 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 6.599 6.077 7.285 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 0.160 0.146 0.134 0.041 0.030 0.034 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 1624 1204 1174 : 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.035 0,033 0.028 : 0,008 c 0.008 < 0.008 23,16 15.09 14.47 6.90 5.017 9.232 4.447 4.056 3.178 0.252 0.178 0.658 12.73 8.263 8.347 0.043 0.030 0,030 : 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 : 0,020 c 0,020 < 0,020 : 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 40.62 28.99 33.37 0.726 0,479 0.480 : 0,260 < 0,260 < 0,260 : 0,002 c 0.002 < 0.002 : 0.016 < 0.016 0.016 : 0.100 < 0,100 < 0.100 0.042 0.032 0.039 0,804 0.200 0.260 : 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 3.950 3.890 9.750 14.71 19.52 14.09 3,05 4.84 0.005 0.158 0,023 0.184 0.026 0.001 2262 0.002 0.014 0.008 1.617 2.695 8.993 0.026 26.96 0.006 0,014 0.020 0.020 6.652 0.844 0.448 0.002 0,016 0.295 0,020 0,040 0.020 77.8 3.05 3.05 4.80 4.49 < 0.005 < 0.005,

0.146 0.131 < ().() 2() c 0.020 0.162 0.148 0,028 0.018 < ().() 01 < (), 001 2550 1642 < 0.002 c 0,002 0.016 0.014 < 0.008 < 0,008 2.398 1.918 2,671 2,66 11.98 8.814 0.040 0.030 34,66 25,72 < 0.008 c 0,006 < (),() 14 < 0.014 < (),() 2() < 0.020 < 0,020 < ( J, 1321J 8,438 6.501 1.060 0.683 0.516 c 0.260 < 0.()() 2 ` c 0.002 < 0.016 c 0.016 0.336 0.165 0.020 < 0.020 0.031 0.038 < (), 020 < 0.020 91.0 72.0   . . .

10.20 7.30 11.15 3.05 3.05 3.05 6.17 6.13 7.31 : 0,005 < 0,005.< 0.005 : 0.060 c 0.060 c 0.060 : 0.020 c 0.020 < 0.020 0,465 0.399 0.433 0,003 0.003 0.005 : 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 4.82 3.59 6.32 : 0.002 c 0,002 < 0,002 : 0.010 c 0.010 c 0.010 : 0,008 c 0,006 < 0.008 0.678 0.404 0.824 7.133 3.205 4.137 960 716 1069 0.067 0,063 0.076 248 226 236 : 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 : 0.014 c 0.014 c 0.014 0.021 0,023 c 0.020 : 0.020 0.022 < 0.020 0.297 0.066 0.516 0.014 0.011 0.017 : 0.260 c 0,260 c 0,260 : 0,002 c 0.002 c 0,002 : 0.016 c 0,016 c 0.016 : 0,100 < 0,100 0.105 : 0,020 c 0,020 c 0.020 107.9 125.9 96.7 : 0,020 c 0.020 c 0,020 42.1 23,9 121.5 7.59 6.10 4.53 3.05 2,85 2.65 9.68 8.70 7.86 : 0.005 c 0.005 c 0.005 : 0.060 c 0.060 c 0.060 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.909 0.966 1.036 0.027 0.036 0.044 c 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 14.32 13.44 11.88 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010 c 0.008 < 0.008 c 0.008 0.623 0.644 0.598 4.535 7.578 4.094 1229 1430 1380 < 0.002 < 0,002 0.006 659 654 530 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.014 < 0! 014 < 0.014 < 0.020 < 0! 020 0.022 < 0,020 0,027 < 0.020 0.552 0.723 0.073 0.049 0.046 0.041 < 0.260 < 0.260 c 0.260 < 0,002 c 0,002 < 0.002 < 0,016 < 0.016 < 0,016 < rj, lrjo < 0,100 < 0,100 < (), i) so 0.040 c 0.020 0.1 2.3 35.3 0.031 0.061 0,071 3.03 12,. 6 8,9 ..

I I aResultsin micrograms per liter. Table A, 14, Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 5 r Weight( g) Inltlal pH Final pH Silver Alumlnum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calcium Cadmium Chromium Coppar Iron Potassium * Magnesium I Manganese G Sodkrm Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium zinc Zirconium Mercurya Blk D Blk E Blk F 4,63 4,89 4.89 4,65 4.91 4.91 < 0.003 < 0,003 c 0.003 < 0.030 < 0.030 < 0.030 < 0,010 < 0$ 010 < 0.010 < 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 < (), r) r) l < 0.()() 1 < 0,001 < 0.()() 1 < rJfJIJl < O.( JOI c 0.040 c 0,040 < 0.040 < 0,001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.050 c 0.050 < 0.050 5.476 2.961 4.771 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0.001 1072 1003 1003 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.504 0.053 0.043 c 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0! 130 < 0.130 < 0.130 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,008 c 0,008 c 0.008 < 0.050 < 0.050 c 0.050 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0,008 < 0.005 0.008 0.015 0.019 0.010 0.225 0.126 0.139 HG D HG E HG F 11.00 10.00 13,00 4.63 4.63 4,63 4.79 4.80 4.79 : 0,005 < 0,005 < 0.005 0,207 0.154 0,253 : 0,020 < 0,020 < 0,020 : 0,040 c 0.040 0.194 : 0,002 < 0,002 < 0,002 : 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,080 0,105 0.138 : 0,002 c 0,002 c 0.002 c 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 3.622 3.229 4,210 ( O. 1OO< 0.100 < 0.100 2.602 6.235 2.500 : 0,040 < 0,040 c 0.040 : 0,002 < 0.002 < 0.002 1413 1435 1428 : 0.008 c 0.008 c 0,008 : 0.014 < 0.014 c 0,014 : 0.020 < 0,020 c 0,020 : 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,020 0.610 1.804 3,528 : 0.002 < 0! 002 < 0,002 : 0.260 < 0,260 < 0,260 : 0,002 c 0,002 c 0.002 : 0,016 < 0.016 < 0,016 : 0.100 < 0.100 c 0.100 : 0,020 c 0.020 < 0,020 0,020 0.014 0.034 : 0,020 < 0.020 c 0,020 12000 4885 6371 Lanl 22 Lanl 23 Lanl 24 Fern 31 Fern 32 Fern 33 OR 34 OR 35 OR

9.74 14.65 11.90 4.69 4.69 4.69 5,17 5.23 5,19 0,024 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.083 0.121 0,279 0.056 < 0,020 < 0,020 : 0,040 c 0.040 c 0,040 0.056 0.044 0.031 : 0,001 c 0,001 < 0.001 927 1373 1107 0.004 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.027 < 0,010 < 0.010 : 0,008 < 0.006 c 0.008 6.093 5.440 6.204 6,631 8,300 7.56 2.280 20.16 2.204 0.122 0.243 0,135 1297 1318 1316 0.031 0.026 0.020 : 0.014 < 0,014 c 0,014 : 0,020 c 0.020 < (),() 20 0.055 < 0,020 < 0.020 23,70 29,71 25,21 1.013 0.576 0.439 4.157 c 0,260 < 0.260 : 0.002 < 0,002 c 0,002 0.059 < 0.016 0.018 1,504 0.106 c 0.100 0,120 < 0,020 < 0,020 35.08 73.91 0.242 : 0,020 < 0,020 c 0.020 10.6 9.61 11.1 23,17 18.48 14.75 4,89 4.89 4.89 7.63 7.24 7,26 : 0,005 < 0,005 c 0,005 : 0,060 < 0,060 c 0,060 0.026 < 0.020 0.023 : 0,040 c 0,040 c 0,040 0,036 0.030 0.026 : 0,001 c 0.001 c 0.001 2627 2146 1648 : 0,002 c 0.002 c 0,002 : 0,010 < 0.010 c 0,010 ~ 0,008 < 0,008 < 0.008 : 0,100 c 0.100 c 0.100 4.467 5.336 3.888 0.680 1.853 1.23 0,002 < 0.002 c o. orJ2 1337 1327 1284 0,008 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 c 0.014 0,020 c (). 020 c 0.020 0.020 < 0,020 < 0,020 8,536 6.992 5.731 1,166 0.689 0.663 0.314 0.269 c 0.260 0,002 c 0,002 < 0,002 0,016 < 0.016 < 0.016 0,304 0.285 0.274 0.020 < 0,020 c 0,020 0.010 0.013 < 0.010 0,020 c 0.020 c 0,020 183 227 142 11.10 10.45 7.66 4,89 4.89 4.89 9.10 6.45 6.36 : 0.005 c 0.005 < 0.005 0,060 c 0.060 c 0,060 0,020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.040 0.004 0.004 0.003 : 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 4.591 5.07 3.785 : 0,002 c 0,002 c 0,002 : 0,010 c 0.010 < 0,010 ~ 0,008 < 0.008 < 0,006 0.142 0.126 < 0.100 3.542 2.87 2.73 499 466 449 0.002 < 0.002 0,003 1456 1483 1451 0.006 c 0.008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0,014 0.020 c 0,020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0.427 0.410 0,43f 0.014 0,015 0,010 0.260 < 0.260 c 0.260 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.016 < 0.016 c 0,016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.44 36.90 60.91 0.020 < 0.020 c 0,020 7.48 60.3 570 lD ID 18A 10 19 4.78 4.83 5.28 4,89 4.89 4.63 6,71 9,91 6.14 0.005 < 0.005 c 0,005 0.060 c 0.060 c 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.040 0,283 0.226 0.022 0,028 0.028 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 11.24 12.60 14.35 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.010 < 0.010 < 0,010 0.008 < 0,008 c 0.008 0,100 < 0$ 100 0,122 3.028 5,064 4.62 400 424 747 0! 002 < 0.002 < 0.002 1536 1609 1673 0.008 c 0,008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < (). 020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.159 0.103 0.763 0,045 0,052 0,057 0.260 c 0.260 c 0.260 0,002 c 0,002 c 0,002 0.016 < 0.016 c 0.016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 45,71 0.16 63.34 0.038 0.034 0.044 56,0 6.7 600 aResults in micrograms per liter. Table A. 15. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 7 rWeight( g) Inlllal pH I Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Potassium Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony.

Silicon Strontium Thorium Titanium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Mercutya Blk C Blk B Blk A 7.55 7.55 8.08 5,57 5,42 5.62 0.003 < 0,003 < 0.003 0,030 < 0,030 < 0.030 0.010< 0,010 < 0.010 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,001 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 0,040 < 0.040 0.049 0! 001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0,005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.015 0.124 0.138 0.050 < 0,050 c 0.050 2.082 1.974 3,895 0! 020 < 0.020 < 0,020 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.060 < 0.080 c 0.060 0.004 < 0! 004 < 0.004 0.007< 0.007 < 0,007 0,010< 0,010 < 0.010 0.010< 0,010 < 0.010 0.358 0.337 0.441 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0,130 < 0.130 < 0.130 0,001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 0,072 < 0.050 c 0,050 0. O1O < 0.010 < 0.010 0.005 c 0,005 0.018 0,010 0.011 0.011 0.124 0,343 0.110 HG B HG A HG C 6,00 13.00 13.00 7.55 7.55 7.55 7.41 7,01 7.74 : 0,005 < 0,005 < 0.005 : 0.060 < 0.060 < 0.060 : 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.224 0.205 0.248 c 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,002 < r), ool < 0,()() 1 < 0.001 < 0.080 < 0,080 c 0.080 c 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0,762 0.916 0.626 c 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 4.575 1! 913 1.990 < r). 040 c 0.040 < 0.040 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.159 c 0,120 0.537 C0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 c 0! 020 c 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,747 0.617 0.664 < 0,002 < 0! 002 < 0.002 C0.260 < 0,260 < 0.260 c 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.016 < 0.018 < 0.016 c 0.100 c 0.100 < 0.100 c 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.013 0.021 .0.016 : 0,020 c 0,020 c 0.020 2904 2981 5114 Lanl 31 Lanl 35 Lanl 36 Fern 43 Fern 44 Fern 45 OR 43 OR 44 OR 45 ID 25 ID 25A ID 29 13.82 18.09 16.22 8.06 8.08 8.06 4,82 6.04 6.01 < 0.005 < 0,005 < 0.005 C0.060 < 0.060 < 0.060 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,128 0,148 0.141 0.023 0.030 0.026 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 1.160 1583 1401 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 c 0.006 c 0.006 < 0.008 < 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 7.919 5.21 5.232 1.090 1.528 1.333 0,011 0,012 0.010 8.009 10.53 9.424 < 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 18.51 28.73 23,95 0.459 0.657 0.569 < 0.260 c 0.260 < 0.260 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.024 c 0.016 < 0.016 0.186 0.125 0,157 c 0.020 0.024 c 0.020 0,018 0.062 0.070 < 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 17,9 26.3 18,8 13.60 20.89 26.59 8.08 8.06 6,06 7.04 7.32 7.50 0.005 < 0.005 < 0,005 0,060 < 0,060 < 0,060 0.020 < 0.020 0.021 0.154 0,173 0.206 0.020 0,032 0,039 0. OO1 < 0.001 < 0.001 1369 2447 3087 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.010 c 0.010 c 0.010 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 2,608 4.013 7.215 0.434 0.654 0.774 0.002 < 0,002 0.003 24,82 39,50 47,79 0,008 c 0.008 c 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 5,407 8.091 10.21 0.542 1.051 1,375 0.350 0,302 0.494 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.016 c 0,016 0,018 0.256 0,279 0.372 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,012 0.018 0.012 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 1.4 38.9 285 7.56 8.14 11.27 8.06 8.06 8.06 10.68 10.72 10.68 0,005" c 0.005 c 0,005 0.060 c 0.060 c 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 0,276 0.301 0,297 0,002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.001 c 0.001 c 0.001 1.280 0.795 1.314 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.010 c 0.010 c 0.010 0. O1O 0.009 c 0,008 0! 100 < 0.100 < 0.100 22.96 3.769 2.651 18.37 8.80 14.47 0.002 < 0.002 c 0.002 144 168 209 0,008 < 0.008 < 0.006 0.014 < 0.014 c 0.014 0,020 c 0.020 c 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.358 0.094 0,528 0,003 0.002 0.003 0.260 c 0.260 c 0.260 0.002 c 0.002 c 0,002 0.016 < 0.016 < 0,016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0,020 c 0,020 c 0.020 0.145 0.153 0.116 0,020 c 0.020 < 0,020 10.4 7.4 3.95 6.28 4.13 12.13 8,06 8.06 8.06 10.60 11.01 10.61 0.005 < 0,005 c 0.005 0.118 0.099 c 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 < 0,020 1.901 0.788 0.995 0.020 0.017 0.014 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 4.399 2.386 5.754 0.002 < 0,002 < 0.002 r), olo < 0.010 c 0.010 0.008 c 0.006 c 0,008 0.100 < 0.100 < 0,100 7.498 19.20 8.493 17.06 3.58 29,06 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 833 547 1502 0,008 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,929 0,527 0,481 0.021 0,017 0.042 0.260 < 0.260 c 0,260 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.016 < 0.016 c 0,016 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 0,021 0,038 < 0,020 0.117 0.129 0,076 0.080 0.032 0.062 8,99 10.70 8.46 aResults in micrograms per liter. Table A. 16. Leaching results ( milligrams per liter) obtained at 3 months   pH 12.5 r Weight( g) Initial pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Berylllum Calcium Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Potassium > Magnesium Il.& Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Silicon Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Mercury' Blk J Blk L Blk K 12.68 12.48 12.48 12.72 12.70 12.71 c 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.030 < 0.030 < 0.030 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.020' < 0,020 < 0.020 0,012 0.015 0.016 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,001 1226 1189 1225 c 0.001 c 0.001 < 0.001 0.018 0.024 0.028 < (). or) 4 < 0.004 < (), 0() 4 < (). 050 < 0.050 c 0.050 10,25 5.162 3.585 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.345 0.364 0.384 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0! 007 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.632 0.095 0.114 0,604 0,713 0.744 c 0.130 < 0.130 0.256 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002 c 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.006 0.116 0.098 0.226 < 0.010 < 0.010 c 0,010 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.010 c 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.179 0.137 0.131 HG 20 HG 15 HG 16 Lanl 13 Lanl 14 Lanl 15 Fern 22 Fern 23 Fern 24 OR 31 OR 32 OR 33 ID 16 ID I 6A ID 20 6.37 7.40 4,81 12.68 12.68 12.68 12,77 12.81 12.80 : 0,005 c 0,005 < 0,005 : 0,060 c 0,060 c 0,060 : 0.020 < 0,020 < 0,020 0.188 0.198 0.188 0,013 0.011 0.012 < 0.001 < 0! 001 < 0.001 1033 943 934 c 0.002 c 0,002 < 0.002 0! 019 0.014 0.017 0,172 0,237 0.094 < 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 3.593 2.525 2.723 < 0,040 < 0,040 < 0.040 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.430 0.408 0.406 : 0,008 c 0,008 c 0,008 < 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 c 0,020 < 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 c 0.020 < 0.020 0.874 0.863 0.599 0.685 0.590 0.607 0.272 c 0.260 c 0.260 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0,002 C0.016 < 0.016 < 0.016 0.171 0.127 0.143 < 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.016 0.012 0.019 : 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 11192 12057 1052[ 19,71 + 2.53 14.74 12.48 12.48 12.48 8.75 10.82 9,19 0.008 c 0.005 c 0.005 0,060 < 0.060 c 0,060 0.028 c 0,020 c 0.020 0.148 0.127 0.116 0.117 0.079 0.093 0.005 < 0.001 < 0.001 2436 4696 1967 0.004 < 0.002 < 0,002 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.008 c 0.008 < 0.008 0.100 < 0.100 < 0.100 8.836 6.558 6.979 1.041 0.099 0.423 0.006 c 0.002 < 0.002 14.72 6.582 10.15 0.017 c 0.008 c 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0,020 < 0.020 < 0,020 34.85 4.292 22.41 1.708 1.269 1.415 0.260< 0.260 0,298 0! 002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.032 < 0.016 0.021 0.249 0.145 0.259 0.036 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.200 0.042 0.021 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 12.50 11.20 11.00 21.64 17.61 15.59 12,48 12.48 12.48 9.62 8.95 9.13 0,005 c 0.005 < 0.005 0.060 < 0,060 < 0.060 0.033 0,023 0.025 0.207 0,208 0.196 0.052 0.049 0,040 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 4738 4098 3820 0.002 < 0,002 < 0! 002 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 o. oo8 < 0.008 c 0.008 ` 0.100 < 0.100 < 0! 100 6.319 12.86 4.017 0.794 0,943 0.695 0,002 c 0.002 c 0.002 42.15 36.04 30.35 0.008 c 0.008 c 0.008 0,014 c 0,014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0,020 < 0,020 (). 020 c 0,020 ` c 0.020 4.301 6.955 4.633 2.497 2.181 2.001 0.791 0.506 0.586 OOor) zc 0,002 < 0.002 0.016 0.043 0,026 0.546 0.453 0.463 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0. O1O < 0.010 < 0.010 0,020 c 0! 020 c 0.020 663 20,2 108 10.56 12,30 13.94 i2,48 12,48 12.48 12.06 12,08 11.94 0,009 c 0.005 < (). 0() 5 ~ 0,060 < 0,060 c 0.060 : 0,020 < 0,020 c 0.020 0.410 0.472 0,522 0.015 0.014 0.016 : 0.001 < 0,001 c 0.001 455 606 623 : 0,002 c 0,002 c 0,002 : 0.010 c 0.010 c 0,010 : 0.008 c 0.008 < 0,008 : 0.100 c 0.100 c 0.100 2.63 3.834 7.190 0.064 0.052 0.122 : 0! 002 < 0.002 c 0.002 196 240 261 : 0,008 c 0,008 c 0.008 : 0,014 < 0,014 c 0,014 : 0,020 c 0.020 < 0.020 : 0! 020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.507 0.538 0.701 0.716 0.722 0.790 : 0,260 c 0,260 c 0,260 : 0,002 < 0.002 c 0.002 : 0,016 < 0,016 < 0.016 : 0,100 0,120 0.117 : 0.020 c 0,020 c 0,020 0.946 1.044 0.918 : 0,020 < 0.020 < 0.020 17,2 27.8 27.5 5.75 6.59 4.92 12.68 12.68 12.48 12.56 12.63 12.74 0.005 < 0.005 0.060 c 0.060 0.020 < 0.020 1.754 1.526 0.050 0.054 0.001 < 0.001 867 1023 0$ 002 < 0.002 0.010 < 0.010 0,008 s 0.008 0.100 < 0.100 4.613 5.087 0,040 < 0.040 0.002 < 0.002 645 576 0.008 c 0.008 0.014 < 0.014 0.020 < 0.020 0.020 < 0.020 0,553 1.038 0,564 0.624 0.260 < 0.260 0.002 < 0.002 0.016 c 0.016 0.100 < 0,100 0! 020 < 0.020 1,931 2.299 0.020 < 0.020 80.0 34.0 < r). r) r) 5 c 0.060 < r). ozr)

1.398 0.058 < (), 001 1255 < 0,0C12 < OOolr)

< 0,008 c (). 1() 0 3.460 0.244 < 0.002 585 < 0,008 < 0,014 < 0.020 < (),() 20 0.603 0.777 < 0,260 < r), r) oz < 0,016 < r), qoo 0,021 2.566 0,024 217,0 i ` Results in micrograms per liter. . .+.. . .,.~ .., . . .. H.. J..  ; ,. .,   . . . _. . G. .._ , .   .   .

APPENDIX 33 LEACHING RESULTS SORTED BY SAMPLE TYPE . Time lnltlal pH Final pH Silver Aluminum Arsenic Boron Barium Beryllium Calclum Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron m Potassium h Magnesium Manganese Sodium Nickel Lead Selenium Antimony Slllwn Strontium Thorium Tltanlum Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Zlrconlum Mercu@

` R Table B.] PH 3 2W Im 2m 3m 2,96 2,96 2,98 2.98 2.87 2.88 2,85 2,82 : 0.003 < 0,003 < 0.003 < 0,003 0.076 0.039 0.060 < 0,030 : 0,010 c 0.010 c 0.010 c 0.010 : 0.020 < 0,020 c 0.020 < 0.020 : 0.001 < 0,001 < 0.001 < 0,001 0.002 0,001 0.002 < 0.001 0,040 0.044 0.083 c 0.040 : 0.001 c 0,001 < 0,001 c 0,001 : 0.005 c 0,005 < 0.005 c 0.005 : 0.004 0.004 < 0.004 0.004 : 0.050 c 0,050 < 0.050 c 0.050 6.94 0,631 5,17 2.88 : 0,020 c 0,020 < 0,020 c 0,020 : 0,001 < 0,001 c 0.001 c 0,001 0.282 0.069 0.068 0.537 : 0,004 c 0.004 < 0,004 c 0,004 : 0.007 c 0.007 < 0,007 c 0,007 0.021 0.015 0,027 0.010 : 0.010 < 0,010 < 0,010 < 0,010 0.534 0.589 0,546 0.318 : 0.001 c 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,001 : 0,130 < 0.130 c 0.130 c 0$ 130 0,001 c 0,001 < 0.001 c 0,001 : 0,008 c 0,008 c 0,008 c 0.008 0,079 0.053 < 0.051 0.064 : 0.010 < 0,010 < 0,010 c 0.010 0.010 0.009 0,007 0.006 : 0,010 < 0,010 < 0,010 < 0,010 0.153 0.070 c 0,050 0,232 ults are in micrograms per liter, , Leaching results ( milligram nr 1 R ?, ,"

2W lm 2m 3m 5.00 4.63 4.80 4.80 5,06 4.65 4.92 4,62 : 0,003 c 0,030 : 0.010 c 0.020 0.001 0.002 c 0.040 < 0.001 c 0.005 c 0.004 c 0.050 5.47 < 0.020 < 0.001 1235 < 0.004 < 0.007 < 0.010 c 0.010 0.553 < 0.001 < 0,130 0.001 C0.006 0.063 : 0,010 0.007 0.012 0.119 < (), 003 c 0.003 < 0,003 c 0,030 < 0.030 < 0.030 < (). 010 < 0,010 < 0,010 c 0.020 c 0.020 < (),() 20 < O. rjr) l < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 0.002 < 0.001 < 0,040 0.054 < 0.040 ~ 0,001 < 0,001 < 0,001 < (). 005 < 0.005 < 0,005 < 0.1) 1) 4 < 0,004 < 13,1) 134 < 0,050 < 0.050 < 0.050 1.11 5.66 4.40 < 0.020 < 0.020 c 0,020 c 0.001 < 0,001 < 0,001 1183 1156 1026 < 0.( J04 < o, ofJ4 < 0,004 < 13,007 < (),( J07 < 0,007 < (),() 10 < ().() 10 < (), 010 < (), 01() < 0,010 < (),() 1()

0.567 0.518 0,200 < (). 001 < o, fJr) l < rJ, rJol < (), 13() < 0.130 < 0,130 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 c 0,008 < 0,008 < 0.006 0.062 0.051 < (), 050 < 0,010 < 0.010 < 0,010 0.012 0.007 0.007 0.012 < 0.010 0.015 0.459 0,107 0,163 Iper liter) for the blank series pH 7 2W Im 2m 3m 7.87 7.55 7.72 7.72 6,86 5,63 6.44 5.54 < 0.003 c 0.003 < 0,003 < 0.003 0.073 0.048 0,075 < 0.030 < 0.010 c 0,010 < 0,010 < 0. O1O < 0,020 c 0.020 < 0,020 < 0.020 c 0.001 c 0,001 c 0.001 c 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.193 0,202 < 0.040 0.043 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0,001 < 0.005 c 0.005 c 0,005 < 0.005 0.006 0.004 c 0,004 0.092 < 0,050 c 0.050 < 0.050 < 0.050 4,12 1,10 5.29 2.65 < 0.020 0.023 c 0,020 < 0,020 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.063 0.088 c 0,060 < 0.060 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0,004 < 0.004 < 0.007 < 0,007 < 0,007 < 0.007 < 0.011 < 0,010 0.018 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.010 0.461 0.493 0,491 0.379 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0,001 < 0.001 c 0,130 < 0.130 c 0,130 < 0.130 0.001 c 0.001 < 0.001 c 0.001 c 0,008 < 0,008 c 0,008 c 0.008 0.075 0.055 0.055 0.057 < 0,010 < 0.010 < 0,010 c 0.010 0.009 0.010 < 0,005 0,009 c 0.010 < 0,010 c 0,010 0. O11 0.092 0.07 < 0.050 0.192 OH 12.5 2W Im 2m 3m 12.53 12.53 12.55 12.55 12.77 12,72 12.74 12.71 : 0,003 < 0,003 c 0,003 0.078 0.050 0.089 : 0.010 < 0.010 0.012 c 0.020 < 0.020 < 0.020 0.016 0.012 0.015 0.002 0,001 0.002 1025 1182 973 c O. OO1 < 0,001 < 0.001 0,031 0.013 0,021 c 0,004 0.011 0,014 c 0,050 < 0.050 < 0.050 11.49 0.54 8.46 : 0,020 < 0.022 c 0,020 : 0.001 c 0.001 < 0,001 0.938 0,553 0.743 ~ 0,004 < 0.004 c 0.004 : 0.007 c 0,007 c 0,007 : 0,010 < 0.010 0.010 : 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.010 1.121 0.693 0.761 0,868 0.727 0,811 : 0.130 < 0,130 c 0.130 0.006 0.005 0.005 : 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 0.085 0.060 0.057 : 0.010 0.010 < 0.010 0.005 0.008 c 0.005 0.010 0.010 < 0.010 0.349 0.140 0.485 < r). t)( J3 < 0.030 < 0.010 < (). 020 0.014 < ().( lr) l 1213 < 0.001 0.023 < 0.004 < ().() 50 6.33 < ().() 20 < (). 001 0.364 < 04004 < ( 3,007 < (),() 10 < (). 01()

0.280 0.687 0,172 0.001 < oooo8 0.147 < 0.010 0.007 < ().() 1()

0.149 ..

Time Weight( g)